STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & Fox P.L.L.C.
`
`ATTORNEYS AT LAW
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`1100 NEW YORK AVENUE, NW, SUITE 600
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`
`Roae:RT GRE:ENE STERNE
`EOWARD J KESSLER
`JORGE A GOLDSTEIN
`SAMUE'.L L Fox
`DAVID K 5 CORNWELL
`RoaERT w ESMOND
`TRACY-GENE G DURKIN
`MrCHE:L£: A CJMBALA
`MICHAEL 8 RAY
`ROBERT E SOKOHL
`ERIC K. STEFFE
`MICHAEL Q LEE
`
`STEVEN R LUDWIG
`.JOHN M COVERT'*
`LINDA E ALCORN
`RAZ E FLESHNER
`ROBERT C MlLLONIG
`MICHAEL V MESSINGER
`JUDITH U KIM
`TIMOTHY .J SHEA, JR
`DONALD R MCPHAIL
`PATRICK E GARRETT
`STEPHEN G WHITESIDE:
`JEFFREY T HELVEY"
`
`.JEFFREY S WEAVER
`KAREN R MARKOWICZu
`HEIC:11 L KRAUS
`SUZANNE E ZISKA"*
`KRISTIN K VroovrcH
`.JEF'F'RE:Y R KURIN
`RAYMOND MILLIEN
`KENDRICK P PATTERSON
`BRIAN J DEL 8UONO**
`PATRICK O O'BRIEN
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`LAWRENCE 8 BUGAISKY GRANT E REEO
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`VINCENT L CAPUANO
`CRYSTAL O SAYLES•
`EDWARD W Ye:e:
`.JOHN A HARROuN•
`AL.BERT L FERRO•
`MATTHEW M CATLETT•
`NATHAN K KELLEY•
`DONA.LO R BANOWIT
`ALBERT ..J FASULO ll •
`W BRIAN EDGE*
`
`•SAR OTHER THAN QC
`uR:EGtS"f'E:Re::D PATENT AGENTS
`
`PETER A .JACKMAN
`MOLCY A MCCALL
`TERESA U MEDLER
`
`
`
`August 4, 2000
`
`WRITER'S DIRECT NUMBER:
`(202) 371-2677
`INTERNET ADDRESS:
`RSOKOHL@SKGF.COM
`
`
`
`Box Patent Application
`
`Commissioner for Patents
`
`
`Washington, D.C. 20231
`
`§ l.53(b) Re: U.S. Non-Provisional Utility Patent Application under 37 C.F.R.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Appl. No. To be assigned; Filed: August 4, 2000
`Frequency (WLAN) Using Universal For: Wireless Local Area Network
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`Translation Technology Including Multi-Phase Embodiments and
`
`Circuit Implementations
`David F. Sorrells, Michael J. Bultman, Robert W. Cook,
`
`
`
`
`Inventors:
`
`
`
`
`
`Richard C. Looke, Charley D. Moses, Jr., Gregory S. Rawlins,
`
`and Michael W. Rawlins
`Our Ref: 1744.0630003
`
`Sir:
`
`
`
`
`
`The following documents are forwarded herewith for appropriate action by the U.S.
`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`Patent and Trademark Office:
`
`
`
`
`
`Transmittal Form PTO/SB/05;1. USPTO Utility Patent Application
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`entitled:2. U.S. Utility Patent Application
`
`
`
`
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`Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Using Universal Frequency
`
`
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`Translation Technology Including Multi-Phase Embodiments and Circuit
`Implementations
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`and naming as inventors:
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`C. Looke,Robert W. Cook, Richard David F. Sorrells, Michael J. Bultman,
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`Charley D. Moses, Jr., Gregory S. Rawlins, and Michael W. Rawlins
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`Page 1 of 1284
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`INTEL 1003
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`

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`STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & Fox P.L.L.C.
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`Commissioner for Patents
`
`
`August 4, 2000
`Page2
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`
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`the application comprising:
`
`
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`a. specification containing:
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`i. --2£_ pages of description prior to the claims;
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`
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`ii._]_ pages of claims ( _4Q_ claims);
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`m. a one (1) page abstract;
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`(Figures l A-D,and eight (208) sheets of drawings:
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`b. Two-hundred
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`2A, 2B. 3-14, 15A-F, 16-19, 20A, 20A-l, 20B-F, 21, 22A-F, 23A,
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`24A-J, 25-45, 46A, 46B, 47, 48, 49A, 49B,50, 51, 52A-C, 53-55,
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`56A. 56B, 57-60, 6IA. 6IB, 62-66. 67A, 67B, 68A. 68B, 69A,
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`69B, 70A-S, 71A-D, 72A-J, 73A, 73B, 74, 75A-C, 76A, 76B, 77,
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`78.79A-D. 80, 81A-C, 82-88, 89A-E, 90A-D, 91-94, 95A-C, 96-
`lfil );
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`Authorization to Treat a Reply As Incorporating3. 37 C.F.R. § I.l36(a)(3)
`
`
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`
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`An Extension of Time (in duplicate); and
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`4. Two (2) return postcards.
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`It is respectfully requested that, of the two attached postcards, one be stamped with the
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`be postcard, and the other, prepaid filing date of these documents and returned to our courier,
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`stamped with the filing date and unofficial application number and returned as soon as possible.
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`This patent application is being submitted under 37 C.F.R. § 1.53(b) without
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`Declaration and without filing fee.
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`Page 2 of 1284
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`

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`STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & Fox P.L.L.C.
`
`Commissioner for Patents
`
`
`August 4, 2000
`Page 3
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`This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/147,129,filed
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`
`
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`
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`August 4, 1999; U.S. Application No. 09/525,615,filed on March 14, 2000; and U.S.
`
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`Application No. 09/526,041,filed on March 14, 2000.
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`
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`Respectfully submitted,
`
`1��,
`
`GoLDSTEIN & Fox P.L.L.C.
`
`Robert Sokohl'
`
`
`Attorney for Applicants
`
`Registration No. 36,013
`
`0630003 pto
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`Page 3 of 1284
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`

`

`/04/08
`
`PTO/SB/05 (2/98)
`Approved for use through 09/30/2000. OMB 0651-0032
`Patent and Trademark Office: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`quired to respondto a collection of information unlessit displays a valid OMB control number.
`
`UTILITY PATENT APPLICATION TRANSMITTAL
`(Onlyfor new nonprovistonal applications under 37 CFR $ 1.53(b))
`
`1744.0630003
`Attorney Docket No
`First Inventor or Application| David F. Sorrells
`Identyier
`Title
`
`
`
`a 2
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`1.
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`[]_
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`6. (] Microfiche Computer Program (Appendix)
`
`UAEAML
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`
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`2. Bq [Total Pages_106Specification ] persone an , cid Sequence Submission (if n
`
`a.[[] Computer Readable Copy
`
`16.
`
`BQ Other:
`
`37 CFR.§ 1.136(a)(3) Authorization
`
`Please type a sign(+) inside this box
`> sm
`
`Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are re
`
`
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`Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Using Universal
`
`Frequency Translation Technology Including Multi-Phase
`
`
`
`Embodiments and Circuit Implementations
`Express Mail LabelNo. |
`
`
`Assistant Commissionerfor Patents
`
`APPLICATION ELEMENTS
`
`°
`Box Patent Application
`ADDRESS TO.
`See MPEP chapter 600 concerning utility patent application contents
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`Washington, DC 20231
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`* Fee Transmittal Form (e.g., PTO/SB/17)
`a
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`08
`(Submit an origmal, and a duplicateforfee processing)
`2 >
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`
`.
`:
`Vv
`and/or Amino Acid S
`7. Nucleotide
`issi
`if
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`applicable, all necessary)
`(preferred arrangementsetforth below)
`
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`- Descriptivetitle ofthe Invention
`- Cross References to Related Applications
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`- Backgroundofthe Invention
`- Brief Summary ofthe Invention
`
`
`b. [] Paper Copy (identical to computer copy)
`- Brief Description of the Drawings (iffiled)
`- Detailed Description
`ipo :
`:
`~ Claim(s)
`
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`c.{[]_
`~ Abstract afthe Disclosure
`Statement verifying identity of above copies
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`8. [ Assignment Papers (cover sheet & document(s))
`9. [] 37 CFR 3.73(b) Statement
`§[[] Powerof Attomey
` (whenthere is an assignee) a. (J Newly executed (original or copy)
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`b. oO Copy fromaprior application G7 CFR 1.63(d)) (for 10. [] English Translation Document(ifapplicable)
`continuation/arvisional with Box 17 completed)
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`CD Copies of IDS Citations
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`Statement (IDS)/PTO-1449
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`OO Preliminary Amendment
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`DELETION OF INVENTOR(S)
`Signed statement attached deleting inventor(s)
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`namedin the prior application, see 37 CFR §§
`[J Return Receipt Postcard (MPEP 503)
`(Should be specifically itemized)
`1.63(d)(2) and 1.33(b).
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`40 pprallEntity Statement(s)
`application, Statusstill proper
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`Theentire disclosure of the prior application, from which a copy of the oath qr
`and desired
`declaration is supplied under Box 4b, is considered as being part of the
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`disclosure of the accompanying application and is hereby incorporated by
`15. [) Certified Copy of Priority Document(s)
`teference therein,
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`O Other:
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`Group/Art Unit:
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`18. CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
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`STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & FOX P.L.L.C.
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`ME (Prope) TROOPPOR\\_[Raisraforfic Grorevaeny)OOS_————d
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`ra
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`]
`IGNATURE
`ISANSNYTateByfg0
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`this form 1s estimated to take 0.2 hours to complete Time will vary depending upon the needsofthe individual case Any comments on the amountof time you are required to
`Burden HourStatement.
`complete this form shouldbesent to the ChiefInformation Officer, Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC 20231. DO NOT SEND FEES OR COMPLETED FORMSTO THIS ADDRESS. SEND
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`SKGF Rpgery of { 284
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`Drawing(s) (35 U.S.C. 113)
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`[TotalShects
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`_208
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`[Total Pages
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`Oath or Declaration
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`: or [KX] Correspondence
`or Bar Code Label i...(Insert Customer No. orAttachbarcodelabelhere)... i
`address below
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`0630003.sb05
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`Page 4 of 1284
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`

`

`Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Using Universal
`Frequency Translation Technology Including Multi-
`Phase Embodiments and Circuit Implementations
`
`David F. Sorrells
`Michael J. Bultman
`Robert W. Cook
`Richard C. Looke
`Charley D. Moses, Jr.
`Gregory S. Rawlins
`Michael W. Rawlins
`
`This application claimsthe benefit ofthe following: U.S. Provisional Application
`No.60/147,129, filed on August 4, 1999; U.S. Application No. 09/525,615, filed on
`March 14, 2000; and U.S. Application No. 09/526,041, filed on March 14, 2000, all of
`which are incorporatedherein by referencein their entireties.
`
`Cross-Reference to Other Applications
`
`The following applications of common assignee are related to the present
`application, and are herein incorporated by referencein their entireties:
`“Method and System for Down-Converting Electromagnetic Signals," Ser. No.
`09/176,022,filed October 21, 1998, issued as U.S. Patent No. 6,061,551 on May 9, 2000.
`"Method and System for Down-Converting Electromagnetic Signals Having
`Optimized Switch Structures," Ser. No. 09/293,095,filed April 16, 1999.
`“Method and System for Down-Converting Electromagnetic Signals Including
`ResonantStructures for Enhanced Energy Transfer," Ser. No. 09/293,342,filed April 16,
`1999.
`
`"Method and System for Frequency Up-Conversion," Ser. No. 09/ 176,154,filed
`October 21, 1998,issued as U.S. Patent No. 6,091,940 on July 18, 2000.
`"Method and System for Frequency Up-Conversion Having Optimized Switch
`Structures," Ser. No. 09/293,097,filed April 16, 1999.
`
`5
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`10
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`25
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`30
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`1744.0630003
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`Page 5 of 1284
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`_~2-
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`"Method and System for Ensuring Reception of a Communications Signal," Ser.
`No. 09/176,415, filed October 21, 1998, issued as U.S. Patent No. 6,061,555 on May9,
`2000.
`
`"Integrated Frequency Translation And Selectivity,"Ser. No. 09/175,966, filed
`October 21, 1998, issued as U.S. Patent No. 6,049,706 on April 11, 2000.
`"Integrated Frequency Translation and Selectivity with a Variety of Filter
`Embodiments," Ser. No. 09/293,283, filed April 16, 1999,
`"Applications of Universal Frequency Translation," Ser. No. 09/261,129, filed
`March 3, 1999.
`"Method and System forDown-Converting anElectromagnetic Signal, Transforms
`For Same, and Aperture Relationships", Ser. No. 09/550,644,filed on April 14, 2000.
`“Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Technology and Applications Including
`Techniques of Universal Frequency Translation", Attorney Docket No. 1744.0630002,
`filed on August 4, 2000.
`
`Backgroundof the Invention
`
`Field of the Invention
`
`invention is generally related to wireless local area networks
`The present
`(WLANs), and moreparticularly, to WLANsthatutilize universal frequencytranslation
`technology for frequencytranslation, and applications of same.
`
`5
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`10
`
`
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`20
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`Related Art
`
`Wireless LANsexist for receiving and transmitting information to/from mobile
`terminals using electromagnetic (EM) signals. Conventional wireless communications
`circuitry is complex and has a large numberofcircuit parts. This complexity and high
`parts countincreasesoverall cost. Additionally, higher part countsresult in higher power
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`1744.0630003
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`—3-
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`consumption, which is undesirable, particularly in battery powered wireless units.
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`Additionally, various communication components exist for performing frequency down-
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`conversion, frequency up-conversion, and filtering. Also, schemes exist for signal
`
`reception in the face of potential jamming signals.
`
`Summary ofthe Invention
`
`The present invention is directed to a wireless local area network (WLAN) that
`
`includes one or more WLAN devices(also called stations, terminals, access points, client
`
`devices, orinfrastructure devices) for effecting wireless communications over the WLAN.
`
`The WLAN deviceincludesat least an antenna, a receiver, and a transmitter for effecting
`
`wireless communications over the WLAN. Additionally, the WLAN device may also
`
`include a LNA/PA module, a control signal generator, a demodulation/modulation
`facilitation module, and a media access control (MAC) interface. The WLAN receiver
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`includesat least one universal frequencytranslation module that frequency down-converts
`
`a received electromagnetic (EM) signal.
`
`In embodiments, the UFT based receiver is
`
`configured in a multi-phase embodimentto reduce or eliminate re-radiation that is caused
`
`by DC offset. The WLAN transmitter includesat least one universal frequencytranslation
`
`module that frequency up-converts a basebandsignalin preparation for transmission over
`
`the WLAN.In embodiments, the UFT based transmitter is configured in a differential
`
`and/or multi-phase embodiment to reduce carrier insertion and spectral growth in the
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`5
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`20
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`transmitted signal.
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`WLANsexhibit multiple advantages by using UFT modules for frequency
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`translation. These advantagesinclude, but are not limited to: lower power consumption,
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`longer battery life, fewer parts,
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`lower cost,
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`less tuning, and more effective signal
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`transmission and reception. These advantages are possible because the UFT module
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`25
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`enables direct frequency conversion in an efficient manner with minimal signal distortion.
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`1744.0630003
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`The structure and operation ofembodiments ofthe UFT module, and various applications
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`of the same are described in detail in the following sections.
`
`Further features and advantages of the invention, as well as the structure and
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`operation of various embodiments of the invention, are described in detail below with
`
`5
`
`reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawing in which an elementfirst appears
`
`is typically indicated by the leftmost character(s) and/or digit(s) in the corresponding
`
`reference number.
`
`
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`BriefDescription ofthe Figures
`
`The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying
`
`drawings, wherein:
`
`FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a universal frequency translation (UFT) module
`
`according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 1B is a moredetailed diagram of a universal frequency translation (UFT)
`
`module according to an embodimentof the invention;
`
`FIG. 1C illustrates a UFT module usedin a universal frequency down-conversion
`
`(UFD) module according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`FIG. 1D illustrates a UFT module used in a universal frequency up-conversion
`
`(UFU) module according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`FIG. 2A-2B illustrate block diagrams of universal frequency translation (UFT)
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`20
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`modules according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`FIG.3 is a block diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module
`
`according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`FIG.4 is a more detailed diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU)
`
`module according to an embodimentofthe invention;
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`25
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`FIG.5 is a block diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module
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`according to an alternative embodimentof the invention;
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`FIGS. 6A-6]illustrate example waveforms used to describe the operation of the
`UFU module;
`
`FIG.7 illustrates a UFT module usedin a receiver according to an embodiment
`of the invention;
`FIG.8 illustrates a UFT module usedin a transmitter according to an embodiment
`of the invention;
`
`FIG.9 illustrates an environment comprising a transmitter and a receiver, each of
`which may be implemented using a UFT moduleofthe invention;
`FIG,
`10 illustrates a transceiver according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`FIG.
`11 illustrates a transceiver accordingto an alternative embodimentofthe
`invention;
`
`FIG. 12 illustrates an environment comprising a transmitter and a receiver, each
`ofwhich may be implemented using enhancedsignal reception (ESR) componentsofthe
`invention;
`
`FIG.13 illustrates a UFT module used in a unified down-conversion and filtering
`(UDF) module according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`FIG. 14 illustrates an example receiver implemented using a UDF module
`according to an embodiment ofthe invention;
`FIGS. 15A-15Fillustrate example applications ofthe UDF module according to
`embodimentsofthe invention;
`FIG. 16 illustrates an environment comprising a transmitter and a receiver, each
`ofwhich may be implementedusing enhancedsignal reception (ESR) componentsofthe
`invention, wherein the receiver may be further implemented using one or more UFD
`modules ofthe invention;
`FIG.
`17 illustrates a unified down-converting and filtering (UDF) module
`according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`FIG. 18 is a table of examplevalues at nodes in the UDF moduleofFIG. 19;
`FIG. 19 is a detailed diagram of an example UDF module according to an
`embodimentofthe invention;
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`~6~
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`FIGS. 20A and 20A-1 are example aliasing modules according to embodiments
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`of the invention;
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`FIGS. 20B-20F are example waveforms used to describe the operation of the
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`aliasing modules ofFIGS. 20A and 20A-1;
`
`FIG. 21 illustrates an enhanced signal reception system according to an
`
`embodiment of the invention,
`
`FIGS. 22A-22F are example waveforms used to describe the system ofFIG. 21;
`
`FIG.23A illustrates an example transmitter in an enhancedsignal reception system
`
`according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIGS. 23B and 23C are example waveformsusedto further describe the enhanced
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`signal reception system according to an embodimentof the invention;
`
`FIG. 23D illustrates another example transmitter in an enhancedsignal reception
`
`system according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`FIGS. 23E and 23F are example waveformsused to further describe the enhanced
`
`signal reception system according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`FIG. 24A illustrates an example receiver in an enhancedsignal reception system
`
`according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`FIGS. 24B-24J are example waveformsusedto further describe the enhanced
`
`signal reception system according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`FIG.25 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer network;
`
`FIG.26illustrates a block diagram of an example computer network;
`
`FIG. 27illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless interface;
`
`FIG.28illustrates an example heterodyne implementation ofthe wireless interface
`
`illustrated in FIG. 27;
`
`FIG. 29 illustrates an example in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) heterodyne
`
`implementation ofthe interface illustrated in FIG. 27;
`
`FIG.30 illustrates an example high level block diagram ofthe interface illustrated
`
`in FIG, 27, in accordance with the present invention;
`
`FIG.31 illustrates a example block diagram oftheinterfaceillustrated in FIG. 29,
`
`in accordance with the invention;
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`1744.0630003
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`_7-
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`FIG.32 illustrates an example I/Q implementation ofthe interfaceillustrated in
`FIG.31;
`
`FIGS. 33-38 illustrate example environments encompassed by the invention;
`FIG. 39 illustrates a block diagram of a WLAN interface according to an
`embodiment of the invention;
`FIG. 40illustrates a WLAN receiver according to an embodimentofthe invention;
`FIG. 41 illustrates a WLAN transmitter according to an embodiment of the
`invention;
`
`FIGS. 42-44 are example implementations of a WLAN interface;
`FIGS. 45, 46A, and 46B relate to an example MACinterface for an example
`WLAN interface embodiment;
`
`FIGS. 47, 48, 49A, and 49B relate to an example demodulator/modulator
`facilitation module for an example WLAN interface embodiment:
`alternate
`FIGS.
`50,
`51,
`52A,
`52B,
`and 52C relate to an example
`demodulator/modulatorfacilitation module for an example WLAN interface embodiment;
`FIGS. 53 and 54 relate to an example receiver for an example WLAN interface
`embodiment;
`
`FIGS. 55, 56A, and 56B relate to an example synthesizer for an example WLAN
`interface embodiment;
`
`FIGS. 57, 58, 59, 60, 61A, and 61B relate to an example transmitter for an
`example WLAN interface embodiment;
`FIGS. 62 and 63 relate to an example motherboard for an example WLAN
`interface embodiment;
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`FIGS. 64-66 relate to example LNAs for an example WLAN interface
`embodiment;
`
`FIGS. 67A-B illustrate IQ receivers having UFT modules in a series and shunt
`configurations, according to embodimentsofthe invention;
`FIGS. 68A-Billustrate IQ receivers having UFT modules with delayed control
`signals for quadrature implementation, according to embodimentsofthe present invention;
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`FIGS. 69A-Billustrate IQ receivers having FET implementations, according to
`embodimentsof the invention;
`FIG. 70Aillustrates an IQ receiver having shunt UFT modules according to
`embodimentsof the invention;
`
`FIG. 70B illustrates control signal generator embodiments for receiver 7000
`according to embodimentsofthe invention;
`FIGS. 70C-D illustrate various control
`embodimentsofthe invention;
`FIG, 70Eillustrates an example IQ modulation receiver embodiment according to
`embodiments ofthe invention,
`FIGS. 70F-P illustrate example waveforms that are representative of the IQ
`receiver in FIG. 70E;
`
`signal waveforms according to
`
`FIGS. 70Q-R illustrate single channel receiver embodiments according to
`embodiments of the invention;
`FIG.70Sillustrates a FET configuration ofan IQ receiver embodiment according
`to embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIG. 71Aillustrate a balanced transmitter 7102, according to an embodimentof
`the present invention;
`
`FIGs. 71B-Cillustrate example waveformsthat are associated with the balanced
`transmitter 7102, according to an embodimentofthe present invention;
`FIG. 71Dillustrates example FET configurations ofthe balanced transmitter 7 102,
`according to embodimentsofthe present invention;
`FIGs.72A-1illustrate various example timing diagramsthat are associated with the
`transmitter 7102, according to embodimentsof the present invention;
`FIG. 72J illustrates an example frequency spectrum that is associated with a
`modulator 7104, according to embodiments ofthe present invention;
`FIG. 73Aillustrate a transmitter 7302 that is configured for carrier insertion,
`according to embodimentsofthe present invention;
`FIG. 73B illustrates example signals associated with the transmitter 7302,
`according to embodimentsofthe invention;
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`FIG. 74 illustrates an IQ balanced transmitter 7420, according to embodiments
`of the present invention;
`
`FIGs. 75A-C illustrate various example signal diagrams associated with the
`balanced transmitter 7420 in FIG. 74;
`FIG. 76Aillustrates an IQ balanced transmitter 7608 according to embodiments
`of the invention;
`
`FIG. 76B illustrates an IQ balanced modulator 7618 according to embodiments
`of the invention;
`
`FIG,77 illustrates an IQ balanced modulator 7702 configuredforcarrier insertion
`according to embodiments ofthe invention;
`FIG.78 illustrates an IQ balanced modulator 7802 configuredforcarrier insertion
`according to embodiments ofthe invention;
`FIG. 794Aillustrate a transmitter 7900, according to embodimentsofthe present
`invention;
`
`FIGs. 79B-Cillustrate various frequency spectrumsthat are associated with the
`transmitter 7900;
`
`FIG. 79Dillustrates a FET configuration for the transmitter 7900, according to
`embodiments of the present invention;
`FIG. 80 illustrates an IQ transmitter 8000, according to embodiments ofthe
`present invention;
`
`FIGs. 81A-C illustrate various frequency spectrumsthat are associated with the
`IQ transmitter 8000, according to embodimentsofthe present invention;
`FIG. 82 illustrates an IQ transmitter 8200, according to embodiments of the
`present invention;
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`FIG. 83 illustrates an IQ transmitter 8300, according to embodiments of the
`invention;
`
`FIG.84illustrates a flowchart 8400that is associated with the transmitter 7102
`in the FIG. 71A, according to embodiments of the invention;
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`FIG.85 illustrates a flowchart 8500 that further defines the flowchart 8400in the
`
`FIG. 84, and is associated with the transmitter 7102 according to embodimentsof the
`
`invention;
`
`FIG.86 illustrates a flowchart 8600 that is associated with the transmitter 7900
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`5
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`and further defines the flowchart 8400 in the FIG. 84, according to embodiments ofthe
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`;
`invention;
`FIG.87illustrates a flowchart 8700, that is associated with the transmitter 7420
`
`in the FIG. 74, according to embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIG. 88 illustrates a flowchart 8800 that is associated with the transmitter 8000,
`
`according to embodiments ofthe invention;
`
`FIG. 89Aillustrate a pulse generator according to embodimentsof the invention;
`
`FIGS. 89B-Cillustrate various example signal diagramsassociated with the pulse
`
`generator in FIG. 89A, according to embodimentsof the invention;
`
`FIG. 89D-Eillustrate various example pulse generators according to embodiments
`
`of the present invention;
`
`FIGS. 90A-Dillustrates various implementation circuits for the modulator 7410,
`
`according to embodiments ofthe present invention;
`
`FIG.91 illustrates an IQ transceiver 9100 according to embodiments ofthe present
`
`invention;
`
`FIG.92 illustrates direct sequence spread spectrum according to embodiments of
`
`the present invention;
`
`FIG. 93 illustrates the LNA/PA module 3904 according to embodimentsof the
`
`present invention;
`
`FIG. 94 illustrates a WLAN device 9400, according to embodiments of the
`
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`invention of the present invention; and
`
`FiGs. 95A-C, and FIGs. 96-161 illustrate schematics for an integrated circuit
`
`implementation example of the present invention.
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`Detailed Description ofthe Preferred Embodiments
`
`Table of Contents
`
`1.
`
`awkYON
`
`Universal Frequency Translation
`
`Frequency Down-Conversion
`
`Frequency Up-Conversion
`
`EnhancedSignal Reception
`
`Unified Down-Conversion andFiltering
`Example Application Embodiments of the Invention
`
`6.1
`
`Data Communication
`
`6.1.1 Example Implementations: Interfaces, Wireless Modems, Wireless
`LANs,etc.
`
`6.1.2 Example Modifications
`
`6.2
`
`Other Example Applications
`
`7.0
`
`Example WLAN Implementation Embodiments
`
`7.1
`
`7.2
`
`Architecture
`
`Receiver
`
`7.2.1
`
`IQ Receiver
`
`7.2.2 Multi-Phase IQ Receiver
`
`7.2.2.1Example IQ Modulation Control Signal Generator
`Embodiments
`
`7.2.2.2 Implementation of Multi-phase I/Q Modulation Receiver
`Embodiment with Exemplary Waveforms
`
`7.2.2.3 Example Single Channel Receiver Embodiment
`
`7.2.2.4 Alternative Example I/Q Modulation Receiver Embodiment
`
`73
`
`Transmitter
`
`7.3.1 Universal Transmitter with 2 UFT Modules
`
`7.3.1.1 Balanced Modulator Detailed Description
`
`
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`7.3.1.2 Balanced Modulator Example Signal Diagrams and
`Mathematical Description
`7.3.1.3 Balanced Modulator Having a Shunt Configuration
`7.3.1.4 Balanced Modulator FET Configuration
`7.3.1.5 Universal Transmitter Configured for Carrier Insertion
`7.3.2 Universal Transmitter In IQ Configuration
`7.3.2.1 IQ Transmitter Using Series-Type Balanced Modulator
`7.3.2.2 1Q Transmitter Using Shunt-Type Balanced Modulator
`7.3.2.3 IQ Transmitters Configured for Carrier Insertion
`Transceiver Embodiments
`
`Demodulator/ModulatorFacilitation Module
`
`MACInterface
`
`Control Signal Generator - Synthesizer
`
`LNA/PA
`
`7.4
`
`75
`
`7.6
`
`7.7
`
`7.8
`
`8.0
`9.0
`
`802.11 Physical Layer Configurations
`Appendix
`
`10.0
`
`Conclusion
`
`10
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`d.
`
`Universal Frequency Translation
`
`The present inventionis related to frequencytranslation, and applications ofsame.
`Suchapplicationsinclude, but are not limited to, frequency down-conversion, frequency
`up-conversion, enhanced signal reception, unified down-conversion and filtering, and
`combinations and applications of same.
`FIG.1Aillustrates a universal frequency translation (UFT) module 102 according
`to embodiments ofthe invention. (The UFT moduleis also sometimescalled a universal
`frequency translator, or a universaltranslator.)
`Asindicated by the example of FIG. 1A, some embodiments ofthe UFT module
`102 include three ports (nodes), designated in FIG. 1A as Port 1, Port 2, and Port 3.
`Other UFT embodiments include other than threeports.
`Generally, the UFT module 102 (perhapsin combination with other components)
`operates to generate an output signal from an input signal, where the frequency of the
`outputsignal differs from the frequency ofthe input signal.
`In other words, the UFT
`module 102 (and perhaps other components) operates to generate the outputsignal from
`the input signal by translating the frequency (and perhapsother characteristics) of the
`input signal to the frequency (and perhaps other characteristics) ofthe output signal.
`An example embodiment of the UFT module 103 is generallyillustrated in FIG.
`1B. Generally, the UFT module 103 includes a switch 106 controlled by a controlsignal
`108. The switch 106is said to be a controlled switch.
`As noted above, some UFT embodiments include other than three ports. For
`example, and without limitation, FIG. 2 illustrates an example UFT module 202. The
`example UFT module 202 includes a diode 204 having two ports, designated as Port 1
`and Port 2/3. This embodiment does notinclude a third port, as indicated by the dotted
`line around the "Port 3"label.
`
`The UFT moduleis a very powerfuland flexible device. Its flexibility is illustrated,
`in part, by the wide rangeofapplicationsin whichit can be used. Its powerisillustrated,
`in part, by the usefulness and performance of such applications.
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`For example, a UFT module 115 can be usedin a universal frequency down-
`conversion (UFD) module 114, an example of which is shown in FIG. 1C._
`In this
`capacity, the UFT module 115 frequency down-converts an input signal to an output
`signal.
`
`As another example, as shown in FIG. 1D, a UFT module 117 can be used in a
`universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module 116. In this capacity, the UFT module
`117 frequency up-convertsan input signal to an output signal.
`These and other applications ofthe UFT module are described below. Additional
`applications ofthe UFT modulewill be apparent to personsskilled in the relevant art(s)
`based on the teachings contained herein.
`In some applications, the UFT moduleis a
`required component.
`In other applications, the UFT module is an optional component.
`
`2.
`
`Frequency Down-Conversion
`
`The present invention is directed to systems and methodsofuniversal frequency
`down-conversion, and applications of same.
`In particular, the following discussion describes down-convertingusing a Universal
`Frequency Translation Module. The down-conversion ofan EM signal by aliasing the EM
`signalat an aliasing rate is fully described in co-pending U.S. Patent Application entitled
`"Method and System for Down-Converting Electromagnetic Signals," Ser. No.
`09/176,022,filed October 21, 1998, issued as U.S. PatentNo. 6,061,551 on May9, 2000,
`the full disclosure ofwhichis incorporated herein by reference. A relevant portion ofthe
`above mentioned patent application is summarized below to describe down-converting an
`input signal to produce a down-converted signal that exists at a lower frequency or a
`basebandsignal.
`FIG. 20Aillustrates an aliasing module 2000 (also called a universal frequency
`down-conversion module) for down-conversion using a universal frequencytranslation
`(UFT) module 2002 which down-converts an EM input signal 2004.
`In particular
`embodiments, aliasing module 2000 includes a switch 2008 and a capacitor 2010. The
`electronic alignment ofthe circuit componentsis flexible. That iS, in one implementation,
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`— 15—
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`the switch 2008isin series with input signal 2004 andcapacitor 2010 is shunted to ground
`(although it may be other than ground in configurations such as differential mode). Ina
`second implementation (see FIG. 20A-1), the capacitor 2010 is in series with the input
`signal 2004 and the s