throbber

`
`I IIIII IIIIIIII Ill lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111
`
`US007110444 B 1
`
`(IO) Patent No.: US 7,110,444 Bl
`
`
`c12) United States Patent
`(45)Date of Patent:
`
`Sorrells et al.
`Sep.19,2006
`
`(54)WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK
`(WLAN) USING UNIVERSAL FREQUENCY
`
`TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY INCLUDING
`
`
`MULTI-PHASE EMBODIMENTS AND
`CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATIONS
`
`(56)
`
`
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Gardner ......................... 250/8
`
`
`2,057,613 A 10/1936
`
`
`
`2,241,078 A 5/1941 Vreeland
`
`
`..................... 179/15
`
`(Continued)
`
`(75)Inventors: David F. Sorrells, Middleburg, FL
`
`
`
`
`(US); Michael J. Bultman,
`DE
`
`Jacksonville, FL (US); Robert W.
`DE
`
`Cook, Switzerland, FL (US); Richard
`
`
`C.Looke, Jacksonville, FL (US);
`
`
`Charley D. Moses, Jr., Jacksonville,
`
`
`
`FL (US); Gregory S. Rawlins, Lake
`
`
`Mary, FL (US); Michael W. Rawlins,
`
`
`
`Lake Mary, FL (US)
`196 48 915 Al, 10 pp.
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`35 41 031 Al
`42 37 692 Cl
`
`5/1986
`3/1994
`
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`
`
`English Translation of German Patent Publication No. DE
`
`
`
`(73) Assignee: ParkerVision, Inc., Jacksonville, FL
`
`
`
`
`
`(US)
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner----Chieh M. Fan
`
`
`
`
`
`( *) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`
`Assistant Examiner-Kevin Kim
`
`
`
`
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`
`
`(74)Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1111 days.
`& Fox P.L.L.C.
`
`
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/632,856
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Filed: Aug. 4, 2000
`(22)
`
`
`
`
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`Frequency translation and applications of the same are
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`described herein, including RF modem and wireless local
`
`
`area network (WLAN) applications. In embodiments, the
`
`
`
`
`WLAN invention includes an antenna, an LNA/PA module,
`
`
`
`
`a receiver, a transmitter, a control signal generator, a
`(63)
`
`
`
`Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/525,615, filed on
`
`
`demodulation/modulation facilitation module, and a MAC
`
`Mar. 14, 2000, and a continuation-in-part of application No.
`
`
`interface. The WLAN receiver includes at least one univer­
`
`
`09/526,041, filed on Mar. 14, 2000.
`
`
`
`sal frequency translation module that frequency down­
`(60)
`
`
`
`Provisional application No. 60/147,129, filed on Aug. 4,
`1999.
`
`
`
`the UFT converts a received EM sign al. In embodiments,
`
`
`
`based receiver is configured in a multi-phase embodiment to
`
`
`
`reduce or eliminate re-radiation that is caused by DC offset.
`
`The WLAN transmitter includes at least one universal
`
`
`
`
`frequency translation module that frequency up-converts a
`
`
`
`
`baseband signal in preparation for transmission over the
`
`(52)U.S. Cl. ........................ 375/222; 375/328; 455/137
`
`
`
`wireless LAN. In embodiments, the UFT based transmitter
`
`
`
`is configured in a differential and multi-phase embodiment
`
`
`(58)Field of Classification Search ................. 375/222,
`
`
`
`
`to reduce carrier insertion and spectral growth.
`
`
`
`375/328, 324, 349; 455/131, 137, 150.1,
`
`
`
`455/189.1, 190.1, 313, 323, 326
`
`
`
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(51)
`Int. Cl.
`H04L 5/16 (2006.01)
`
`
`
`
`
`32 Claims, 349 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`702�
`
`7004
`,----7002 ', 7091
`
`.._ ____ .!_ ______ -, ,--L--,
`I
`I
`I
`
`7072
`
`INTEL 1001
`
`

`

`US 7,110,444 B1
`
`Page 2
`
`455/326
`
`
`
`4,170,764 A
`10/1979 Salzetal. oe 332/17
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,204,171 A
`5/1980 Sutphin, Jr oe. 328/167
`.
`4,210,872 A
`2,270,385 A
`7/1980 Gregorian .....csessseeeen 330/9
`1/1942 Skillman .....-sssseeesssess 179/15
`4,220,977 A
`2,283,575 A
`9/1980 Yamanaka
`5/1942 Roberts... eeeeeneeee 250/6
`
`5245,
`ascoe et al. vee
`.
`4.245.355 A
`2,358,152 A
`1/1981 P.
`t
`al
`9/1944 Earp .......
`. 179/171.5
`4.250.458 A
`2,410,350 A
`X/1981 Richmond etal
`10/1946 Labin et al. wee 179/15
`oe
`2,451,430 A
`,
`:
`10/1948 Barone oo... ceeceeeeneee 250/8
`4,253,066 A
`2,462,069 A
`2/1981 Fisher et al... eee 329/50
`250/17
`2/1949 Chatterjea et al.
`.
`
`4,253,067 A
`2,462,181 A
`2/1981 Caplesef al. +... 329/110
`2/1949 Grosslfinger ......ssessssee- 250/17
`4,253,069 A
`2,472,798 A
`2/1981 Nossek ..........ccecceee cee es 330/107
`6/1949 Fredenall
`........ccccccccesees 178/44
`4,308,614 A
`2,497,859 A
`12/1981 Fisher et al. ....... 370/119
`.. 250/8
`2/1950 Boughtwoodetal.
`
`4,320,361 A
`2,499,279 A
`3/1982 Kikkert
`....
`. 332/16 R
`2/1950 Peterson ..c.cececeseeceseeens 332/41
`4,320,536 A
`2,802,208 A
`3/1982 Dietrich ....
`ve 455/325
`8/1957 Hobbs w..cececceceseteeeeee 343/176
`4,334,324 A
`2,985,875 A
`6/1982 Hoover.....
`... 455/333
`... 343/100
`5/1961 Grisdale et al.
`
`4,346,477 A
`3,023,309 A
`8/1982 Gordy ween 455/257
`2/1962 Foulkes ........ ee eeeeeeeeeees 250/17
`4,355,401 A
`3,069,679 A
`10/1982 Ikoma et al. ........ 375/5
`12/1962 Sweeneyet al.
`............ 343/200
`4,356,558 A
`3,104,393 A
`
`10/1982 Owen et al.
`.
` ... 364/724
`wee 343/200
`9/1963 Vogelman ......
`
`4,360,867 A
`3,114,106 A
`11/1982) Gonda ..... eee eeeeeceeeeeee 363/158
`12/1963 Memaus ..........eeeeeeeeee 325/56
`4,363,132 A
`3,118,117 A
`12/1982 Collin wee eee 455/52
`1/1964 King et al. we 332/22
`4,365,217 A
`3,226,643 A
`.. 333/165
`12/1982 Bergeret al.
`...
`12/1965) MeNair
`......ceeeeeeeeeeeee 325/40
`
`4,369,522 A
`3,246,084 A
`1/1983 Cerny, Jr. et al. .......... 455/333
`4/1966 Kryter
`4,370,572 A
`3,258,694 A
`1/1983 Cosandet al. oe. 307/353
`6/1966 Shepard ....... ee 325/145
`4,384,357 A
`3,383,598 A
`5/1983 deBudaet al.
`weve 325/163
`5/1968 Sanders ...
`
`4,389,579 A
`3,384,822 A
`6/1983 Stein oo... eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 307/353
`5/1968 Miyagi oo... eee 325/30
`4,392,255 A
`3,454,718 A
`7/1983 Del Giudice «0.0.0.0... 455/328
`7/1969 Perreault ....... eee eee 178/66
`4,393,395 A
`3,523,291 A
`7/1983 Hacke et al.
`oe 358/23
`we 340/347
`8/1970 Pierret .....
`
`
`4,430,629 A
`3,548,342 A
`2/1984 Betzl et al. wc 333/165
`12/1970 Maxey oo... eeeeeeeeeeeeee 332/9
`4,441,080 A
`3,555,428 A
`4/1984 Saari
`1/1971 Perreault «0... 325/320
`4,446,438 A
`3,614,627 A
`5/1984 Chang etal. ou .. 328/127
`10/1971 Runyan etal.
`4,456,990 A
`3,617,892 A
`6/1984 Fisher et al. oe. 370/119
`11/1971 Hawley et al. oe. 325/145
`4,470,145 A
`3,621,402 A
`9/1984 Williams
`11/1971) Gardner oo... eee eee 328/37
`4,472,785 A
`3,622,885 A
`9/1984 Kasuga oes 364/718
`11/1971 Oberdorf et al.
`0... 325/40
`
`4,479,226 A
`3,623,160 A
`10/1984 Prabhu et al... 375/1
`11/1971 Giles et al. we. 340/347 DA
`4,481,490 A
`3,626,417 A
`11/1984 Huntley 0... 332/41
`12/1971 Gilbert we 343/203
`
`
`3,629,696 A 11/1984 Hansonoo...eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 375/912/1971 Bartelink .... . 324/57 R 4,481,642 A
`
`
`
`
`5/1972 Gans et al. ween 325/56
`11/1984 Hampel et al. oe. 382/17
`3,662,268 A
`4,483,017 A
`3,689,841 A
`9/1972 Bello et al. .... 325/39
`4,484,143 A
`11/1984 Frenchet al. oe. 329/50
`3,702,440 A
`11/1972 Moore
`4,485,488 A
`11/1984 Houdart oe 455/327
`3,714,577 A
`1/1973 Hayes .......ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 325/145
`4,488,119 A
`12/1984 Marshall
`3,716,730 A
`2/1973 Cemy, Jr oe 307/295
`4,504,803 A
`3/1985 Lee et al. wee 33231 R
`.. 340/5R
`3,717,844 A
`2/1973 Barret et al.
`.
`4,510,467 A
`4/1985 Changetal.
`
`
` . 179/15 BM
`3,735,048 A
`5/1973 Tomsaetal.
`4,517,519 A
`5/1985 Mukaiyama................ 329/126
`3,736,513 A
`5/1973 Wilson
`4,517,520 A
`S/1985 Ogawa oo. eeeeeeee 329/145
`
`3,767,984 A
`10/1973 Shinoda etal.
`4,518,935 A
`5/1985 van Roermund
` oe. 333/173
`6/1985 Vance et al. oo... ee 375/88
`3,806,811 A
`4/1974 Thompson .............. 325/146
`4,521,892 A
`3,852,530 A
`12/1974 Shen
`4,563,773 A
`1/1986 Dixon, Jr. et al.
`.......... 455/327
`see 329/50
`3,868,601 A
`2/1975 MacAfee oo... eeeeeeeeee 332/45
`4,577,157 A
`3/1986 Reed .............
`
`4/1986 Vance o..eeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeee 375/94
`3,940,697 A
`2/1976 Morgan
`4,583,239 A
`3,949,300 A
`4/1976 Sadler wee eeeceeeeeeee 325/31
`4,591,736 A
`5/1986 Hirao et al. oo. 307/267
`
`. 325/31
`wee 331/19
`3,967,202 A
`6/1976 Batz ............
`4,602,220 A
`7/1986 Kurihara.........
`
`
`». 325/30
`........... 329/50
`3,980,945 A
`9/1976 Bickford etal.
`4,603,300 A
`7/1986 Welles, II et al.
`. 235/150.53
`3,987,280 A
`10/1976 Bauer ............
`4,612,464 A
`9/1986 Ishikawaet al.
`............ 307/496
`
`.. 179/15 FD
`9/1986 Gans et al. once 332/21
`3,991,277 A
`11/1976 Hirata ...........
`4,612,518 A
`
`
`.
`». 332/10
`10/1986 Galani et al... 331/4
`4,003,002 A
`1/1977 Snijders et al.
`4,616,191 A
`3/1977 Campbell... 325/363
`4,013,966 A
`4,621,217 A
`11/1986 Saxe et al.ee 315/1
`4,016,366 A
`4/1977 Kurata
`4,628,517 A
`12/1986 Schwarz et al. 0.0.0... 375/40
`4,017,798 A
`4/1977 Gordy et al. oe 325/42
`4,633,510 A
`12/1986 Suzuki et al.
`4,019,140 A
`4/1977 Swerdlow ...
`.. 322/65
`4,634,998 A
`1/1987 Crawford... eee 3311/1 A
`
`4,032,847 A
`6/1977 Unkauf.......
`weve 325/323
`4,648,021 A
`3/1987 Alberkrack ..
` 363/157
`B/1987 Sato ....ccccccceeeeneeseeees 307/556
`4,035,732 A
`FA977 Lohrmann ............. 325/446
`4,651,034 A
`4,045,740 A
`8/1977 Baker
`4,653,117 A
`3/1987 Heck 2... cceeeeeeeeeeeee 455/209
`4,047,121 A
`9/1977 Campbell... 331/76
`4,660,164 A
`4/1987 Leibowitz
`
`we. 343/180
`4,051,475 A
`9/1977 Campbell
`...
`4,675,882 A
`6/1987 Lillie et al. owe 375/80
`.. 178/66 R
`4,066,841 A
`1/1978 Young........
`4,688,253 A
`8/1987 Gummo... eee ceceneee 3811/7
`
`
`
`wees 307/353
`1/1978 Huntington .
`4,066,919 A
`4,716,376 A
`12/1987 Daudelin ..
`..» 329/107
`
`wee 325/439
`4,080,573 A
`3/1978 Howell ....
`4,716,388 A
`12/1987 Jacobs......
`. 333/173
`...
`3/1978 BatZ .....cecseeseeeseeeeeeees 325/56
`4,081,748 A
`4,718,113 A
`1/1988 Rother et al.
`we 455/209
`
`............. 375/91
`4,115,737 A
`9/1978 Honguetal.
`4,726,041 A
`2/1988 Prohaska et al.
`...... 307/220 R
`3/1988 Simone..........
`. 375/103
`4,130,765 A
`12/1978 Arakelian et al.
`4,733,403 A
`
`4,130,806 A
`12/1978 Van Gerwenet al.
`...... 325/487
`4,734,591 A
`3/1988 Ichitsubo ..
`307/219.1
`4,132,952 A
`1/1979 Honguetal.
`4,737,969 A
`4/1988 Steel et al. we 375/67
`4,142,155 A
`2/1979 Adachi
`..........:sseeeeeeeeees 325/47
`4,740,675 A
`4/1988 Brosnan etal.
`
`
`
`

`

`US 7,110,444 Bl
`
`Page 3
`
`Motamedi ...................... 375/1 5,390,364
`
`4,743,858 A 5/1988
`
`
`Everard ....................... 330/10 5,282,222
`
`
`
`A 1/1994 Fattouche et al.
`
`4,745,463 A 5/1988
`
`Lu .............................. 358/23 5,287,516
`
`
`A 2/1994 Schaub ........................ 375/88
`
`4,751,468 A 6/1988
`
`
`Agoston ..................... 328/133 5,293,398
`A 3/1994 Hamao et al. ................. 375/1
`
`Zink
`
`4,757,538 A 7/1988
`381/7
`5,303,417
`
`A 4/1994 Laws ......................... 455/314
`.............................
`
`4,761,798 A 8/1988
`Griswold, Jr. et al.
`
`
`5,307,517
`
`A 4/1994 Rich .......................... 455/306
`
`4,768,187 A 8/1988
`
`
`Marshall .................... 370/69.1 5,315,583
`
`
`A 5/1994 Murphy et al. ............... 370/18
`
`4,769,612 A 9/1988
`
`
`Tamakoshi et al . ......... 328/167
`5,319,799
`
`A 6/1994 Morita ........................ 455/78
`
`4,772,853 A 9/1988
`Hart
`5,321,852
`
`
`A 6/1994 Seong ..................... 455/182.1
`
`4,785,463 A 11/1988
`
`Jane et al. ..................... 375/1 5,325,204
`
`
`A 6/1994 Scarpa ....................... 348/607
`
`4,791,584 A 12/1988
`
`
`Greivenkamp, Jr. ........ 364/525
`5,337,014
`
`
`A 8/1994 Regunathan et al. ....... 324/613
`
`4,801,823 A 1/1989
`
`
`Yokoyama .................. 307/353 5,339,054
`
`
`A 8/1994 Taguchi ...................... 332/100
`
`4,806,790 A 2/1989
`
`Sone .......................... 307 /353 5,339,459
`
`
`A 8/1994 Schiltz et al. ............... 455/333
`
`4,810,904 A 3/1989
`
`
`Crawford .................... 307/353 5,345,239
`
`A 9/1994 Madni et al.
`
`4,810,976 A 3/1989
`
`
`Cowley et al. ......... 331/117 R 5,353,306
`
`A 10/1994 Yamamoto ................... 375/14
`
`
`
`
`4,811,362 A 3/1989
`
`
`Yester, Jr. et al. ............ 375/75 5,355,114
`
`
`
`
`340/310 A A 10/1994 Sutter Jin et al. ........
`
`4,816,704 A 3/1989
`
`
`Fiori, Jr . ..................... 307/519 5,361,408
`
`
`
`A 11/1994 Watanabe et al. ........... 455/324
`
`4,819,252 A 4/1989
`
`Christopher ................ 375/122 5,369,404
`
`
`
`A 11/1994 Galton ....................... 341/143
`
`4,833,445 A 5/1989
`
`
`Buchele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341/ 118 5,369,789
`
`A 11/1994 Kosugi et al.
`
`4,841,265 A 6/1989
`
`
`Watanabe et al ............ 333/194 5,369,800
`
`
`
`A 11/1994 Takagi et al. ................. 455/59
`
`4,855,894 A 8/1989
`
`Asahi et al. ................ 363/157 5,375,146
`
`A 12/1994 Chalmers .................... 375/103
`
`4,857,928 A 8/1989
`Gailus et al.
`5,379,040
`
`
`A 1/1995 Mizomoto et al ........... 341/143
`
`4,862,121 A 8/1989
`
`
`Hochschild et al. ........ 333/173 5,379,141
`
`A 1/1995 Thompson et al. ......... 359/125
`
`4,868,654 A 9/1989
`
`Juri et al. ................... 358/133 5,388,063
`
`
`
`364/724.17 A 2/1995 Takatori et al. ........
`
`4,873,492 A 10/1989
`Myer
`5,389,839
`A 2/1995 Heck
`
`4,943,974 A 7/1990
`
`
`
`
`A 2/1995 Webster et al. ............ 455/52.3
`
`4,972,436 A 11/1990
`Halim et al.
`5,400,084
`
`A 3/1995 Scarpa ....................... 348/624
`
`5,012,245 A 4/1991
`Scott et al.
`5,404,127
`
`340/310.02 A 4/1995 Lee et al. ..............
`
`
`5,016,242 A 5/1991
`Tang
`5,410,541
`
`A 4/1995 Hotto .......................... 370/76
`
`5,058,107 A 10/1991
`Stone et al.
`5,410,743
`
`A 4/1995 Seely et al. ................. 455/326
`
`5,083,050 A 1/1992
`
`Vasile ........................ 307 /529 5,412,352
`
`
`A 5/1995 Graham ...................... 332/103
`
`5,091,921 A 2/1992
`
`Minami ....................... 375/88 5,416,449
`A 5/1995 Joshi
`
`5,095,533 A 3/1992
`
`Loper et al. ................ 455/245
`5,416,803
`
`
`
`5,095,536 A 3/1992
`
`Loper ......................... 455/324 5,422,909
`
`
`A 6/1995 Love et al.
`
`5,111,152 A 5/1992
`
`Makino ...................... 329/300 5,422,913
`A 6/1995 Wilkinson .................. 375/347
`
`
`
`5,113,094 A 5/1992
`
`
`Horiguchi et al. .......... 307 /529 5,423,082
`
`
`A 6/1995 Cygan et al. ............... 375/126
`
`5,113,129 A 5/1992
`
`Hughes ...................... 323/316 5,428,638
`
`A 6/1995 Cioffi et al. ................ 375/224
`
`5,115,409 A 5/1992
`
`Stepp ......................... 364/841 5,428,640
`
`
`A 6/1995 Townley ..................... 375/257
`
`5,122,765 A 6/1992
`
`
`Pataut ........................ 332/105 5,434,546
`
`A 7/1995 Palmer ....................... 332/151
`
`5,124,592 A 6/1992
`
`Hagino ....................... 307/520 5,438,329
`
`A 8/1995 Gastouniotis et al.
`
`5,126,682 A 6/1992
`
`Weinberg et al. ........... 329/304
`5,438,692
`
`
`A 8/1995 Mohindra ................... 455/324
`
`5,136,267 A 8/1992
`
`Cabot ......................... 333/174 5,440,311
`
`A 8/1995 Gallagher et al.
`
`5,140,705 A 8/1992
`
`Kosuga ...................... 455/318 5,444,415
`A 8/1995 Dent et al. .................. 329/302
`
`
`5,150,124 A 9/1992
`
`Moore et al. ................. 342/68 5,444,416
`
`
`A 8/1995 Ishikawa et al. ............ 329/341
`
`5,151,661 A 9/1992
`
`Caldwell et al. .............. 328/14
`5,444,865
`
`A 8/1995 Heck et al. ................... 455/86
`
`5,157,687 A 10/1992
`
`Tymes ........................... 375/1 5,446,421
`
`
`
`A 8/1995 Kechkaylo .................. 332/100
`
`5,159,710 A 10/1992
`
`Cusdin ....................... 455/304 5,446,422
`
`
`
`A 8/1995 Mattila et al. .............. 332/103
`
`5,170,414 A 12/1992
`
`Silvian ........................ 375/59 5,448,602
`A 9/1995 Ohmori et al. . ............ 375/347
`
`5,172,070 A 12/1992
`
`
`Hiraiwa et al. ............. 329/304 5,451,899
`
`
`A 9/1995 Lawton ...................... 329/302
`
`5,179,731 A * 1/1993
`
`Trankle et al.
`5,454,007
`
`A 9/1995 Dutta ......................... 375/322
`
`5,191,459 A 3/1993
`
`
`
`Thompson et al. . ........ 359/133 5,454,009
`
`A 9/1995 Fruit et al. .................. 372/202
`
`5,204,642 A 4/1993
`
`Asghar et al. .............. 331/135 5,463,356
`
`
`A 10/1995 Palmer ....................... 332/117
`
`5,212,827 A 5/1993
`
`Meszko et al . ............. 455/219 5,463,357
`
`
`A 10/1995 Hobden ...................... 332/151
`
`5,214,787 A 5/1993
`
`
`Karkota, Jr . ................. 455/3.2 5,465,071
`
`
`
`A 11/1995 Kobayashi et al. ......... 329/315
`
`5,218,562 A 6/1993
`
`Basehore et al.
`5,465,410
`
`
`A 11/1995 Hiben et al. ................ 455/266
`
`5,220,583 A 6/1993
`Solomon ..................... 375/82 5,465,415
`
`
`
`
`A 11/1995 Bien .......................... 455/326
`
`5,220,680 A 6/1993
`
`Lee ............................ 455/102 5,465,418
`
`
`
`A 11/1995 Zhou et al. ................. 455/332
`
`5,222,144 A 6/1993
`Whikehart
`381/15 5,471,162
`
`A 11/1995 McEwan 327/92
`
`5,230,097 A 7/1993
`
`455/226.1 Currie et al. ............
`
`5,471,665
`
`A 11/1995 Pace et al.
`
`5,239,496 A 8/1993
`Vancraeynest
`5,479,120
`327/91 A 12/1995 McEwan .....................
`
`
`
`5,239,686 A 8/1993
`
`Downey ...................... 455/78 5,479,447
`
`
`A 12/1995 Chow et al . ................ 375/260
`
`5,241,561 A 8/1993
`
`
`Barnard ......................... 375/1 5,481,570
`A 1/1996 Winters
`
`5,249,203 A 9/1993
`
`Loper .......................... 375/97 5,483,193
`A 1/1996 Kennedy et al. ............ 329/300
`
`5,251,218 A 10/1993
`
`Fujisawa et al. ............ 370/120
`5,483,549
`
`A 1/1996 Weinberg et al. ........... 375/200
`
`5,251,232 A 10/1993
`
`Nonami ......................... 375/5 5,483,600
`A 1/1996 Werrbach
`
`5,260,970 A 11/1993
`
`Henry et al. .................. 375/10 5,483,691
`
`A 1/1996 Heck et al. .............. 455/234.2
`
`
`5,260,973 A 11/1993
`Watanabe
`5,483,695
`A 1/1996 Pardoen
`
`5,263,194 A 11/1993
`
`Ragan ........................ 455/316 5,490,173
`
`
`A 2/1996 Whikehart et al. ......... 375/316
`
`5,263,196 A 11/1993
`Jasper ........................ 455/324
`5,490,176
`A * 2/1996 Peltier
`
`5,267,023 A 11/1993
`
`Kawasaki .................... 358/23 5,493,581
`
`A 2/1996 Young et al. ............... 375/350
`
`5,278,826 A 1/1994
`
`Murphy et al. ............... 370/76 5,493,721
`
`A 2/1996 Reis ........................... 455/339
`
`5,282,023 A 1/1994
`
`Scarpa ........................ 358/36 5,495,200
`
`A 2/1996 Kwan et al. ................ 327/554
`
`A 5/1995 Janer .......................... 375/324
`
`...................
`
`. ....................
`
`

`

`US 7,110,444 Bl
`
`Page 4
`
`5/1998 Smith et al ................. 375/347
`
`7/1998 Rogers et al. ................. 348/6
`
`8/1998 Fertner ....................... 375/219
`
`5,495,202 A
`
`2/1996 Hsu ........................... 327/113
`
`
`
`5,732,333 A
`3/1998 Cox et al .................... 455/126
`
`5,495,500 A
`
`
`
`2/1996 Jovanovich et al. ........ 375/206
`
`5,736,895 A
`
`4/1998 Yu et al. ..................... 327 /554
`5,499,267 A
`
`
`3/1996 Ohe et al .................... 375/206
`
`5,737,035 A
`
`
`4/1998 Rotzoll ....................... 348/725
`5,500,758 A
`
`
`
`3/1996 Thompson et al .......... 359/189
`
`5,742,189 A
`
`
`4/1998 Yoshida et al .............. 327 /113
`5,513,389 A
`
`
`4/1996 Reeser et al. ............... 455/311
`
`5,745,846 A
`4/1998 Myer et al.
`
`5,515,014 A
`
`
`5/1996 Troutman ................... 332/178
`
`5,748,683 A
`
`5,517,688 A
`
`
`5/1996 Fajen et al. ................. 455/333
`
`5,751,154 A
`5/1998 Tsugai
`5,519,890 A
`
`
`
`5/1996 Pinckley ..................... 455/307
`
`5,757,858 A
`5/ 1998 Black et al.
`5,523,719 A
`
`
`6/1996 Longo et al. ............... 327/557
`5,757,870 A
`
`5/1998 Miya et al. ................. 375/367
`
`
`5,523,726 A
`
`
`
`6/1996 Kroeger et al. ............. 332/103
`
`RE35,829 E
`
`
`6/1998 Sanderford, Jr ............. 375/200
`5,523,760 A
`
`
`6/1996 McEwan ..................... 342/89
`
`5,760,629 A
`6/1998 Urabe et al.
`5,539,770 A
`
`
`7/1996 Ishigaki ...................... 375/206
`
`5,760,632 A
`
`6/1998 Kawakami et al.
`5,555,453 A
`
`
`
`9/1996 Kajimoto et al. ........... 455/266
`
`5,760,645 A
`6/1998 Comte et al. ............... 329/304
`
`5,557,641 A
`
`9/1996 Weinberg ................... 375/295
`
`5,764,087 A
`
`6/1998 Clark ......................... 327/105
`5,557,642 A
`
`
`9/1996 Williams .................... 375/316
`
`5,767,726 A
`
`6/1998 Wang ......................... 327/356
`
`5,563,550 A
`
`
`10/1996 Toth ........................... 329/347
`
`5,768,118 A
`
`6/1998 Faulk et al. .................. 363/72
`5,564,097 A
`
`10/ 1996 Swanke
`
`5,768,323 A
`
`
`6/1998 Kroeger et al. ............. 375/355
`
`5,574,755 A
`
`
`
`11/1996 Persico ....................... 375/295
`
`5,770,985 A
`
`
`6/1998 Ushiroku et al. ........... 333/193
`
`5,579,341 A
`
`
`11/1996 Smith et al. ................ 375/267
`5,771,442 A
`
`6/1998 Wang et al. .................. 455/93
`5,579,347 A
`
`
`
`
`11/1996 Lindquist et al. ........... 375/346
`
`5,777,692 A
`
`7/1998 Ghosh ........................ 348/725
`
`5,584,068 A
`
`
`
`12/1996 Mohindra ................... 455/324
`5,777,771 A
`
`7/1998 Smith ......................... 359/180
`5,589,793 A
`
`
`12/1996 Kassapian
`5,778,022 A
`
`
`
`7/1998 Walley ....................... 375/206
`
`5,592,131 A
`
`
`1/1997 Labreche et al. ........... 332/103
`
`5,784,689 A
`7/1998 Kobaysahi
`5,600,680 A
`
`
`2/1997 Mishima et al.
`
`5,786,844 A
`
`
`5,602,847 A
`
`
`2/1997 Pagano et al. .............. 370/484
`
`5,790,587 A
`8/1998 Smith et al.
`
`5,602,868 A
`
`
`2/1997 Wilson ....................... 375/219
`
`5,793,801 A
`
`
`5,604,592 A
`
`
`
`2/1997 Kotidis et al. .............. 356/357
`
`5,793,817 A
`8/1998 Wilson
`
`5,604,732 A
`
`2/1997 Kim et al. .................. 370/342
`
`5,793,818 A
`8/1998 Claydon et al. ............ 375/326
`
`
`5,606,731 A
`
`2/ 1997 Pace et al.
`
`5,801,654 A
`
`
`9/1998 Traylor ....................... 341/144
`
`5,608,531 A
`3/1997 Honda et al. .................. 386/1
`
`
`5,802,463 A
`
`
`9/1998 Zuckerman ................. 455/208
`
`5,610,946 A
`
`3/1997 Tanaka et al. .............. 375/269
`
`5,809,060 A
`
`
`9/1998 Cafarella et al. ........... 375/206
`
`RE35,494 E
`
`
`4/1997 Nicollini ..................... 327/554
`
`5,812,546 A
`
`9/1998 Zhou et al. ................. 370/342
`5,617,451 A
`
`4/1997 Mimura et al. ............. 375/340
`
`5,818,582 A
`
`
`
`10/1998 Fernandez et al ........... 356/318
`5,619,538 A
`
`
`4/1997 Sempel et al. .............. 375/328
`
`5,818,869 A
`
`
`10/1998 Miya et al. ................. 375/206
`
`5,621,455 A
`
`4/1997 Rogers et al. ................. 348/6
`
`5,825,254 A
`
`
`10/1998 Lee ............................. 331/25
`5,628,055 A
`
`
`5/1997 Stein ........................... 455/89
`
`5,834,979 A
`11/ 1998 Yatsuka
`
`5,630,227 A
`
`5/1997 Bella et al. ................. 455/324
`
`5,834,985 A
`11/1998 Sundeg.ang.rd ............. 332/100
`
`
`
`
`5,633,815 A
`5/1997 Young
`
`5,841,324 A
`
`
`
`11/1998 Williams ..................... 331/17
`5,636,140 A
`
`6/1997 Lee et al.
`
`5,841,811 A
`
`
`11/1998 Song .......................... 375/235
`
`5,638,396 A
`6/1997 Klimek ........................ 372/92
`
`
`5,844,449 A
`
`
`12/1998 Abeno et al. ............... 332/105
`
`5,640,415 A
`
`
`6/1997 Pandula ...................... 375/202
`
`5,859,878 A
`
`
`1/1999 Phillips et al. .............. 375/316
`
`5,640,424 A
`
`
`6/1997 Banavong et al. .......... 375/319
`
`5,864,754 A
`1/1999 Hotto ......................... 455/280
`
`5,640,428 A
`
`6/1997 Abe et al .................... 375/334
`
`5,870,670 A
`2/ 1999 Ripley et al.
`5,640,698 A
`
`
`6/1997 Shen et al. ................. 455/323
`
`5,872,446 A
`2/1999 Cranford, Jr. et al. ...... 323/315
`
`
`
`5,648,985 A
`
`
`7/1997 Bjerede et al .............. 375/219
`
`5,881,375 A
`
`3/1999 Bonds ........................ 455/118
`5,650,785 A
`
`
`7/1997 Rodal ......................... 342/357
`
`5,883,548 A
`
`3/1999 Assard et al. ............... 329/306
`5,661,424 A
`
`8/1997 Tang .......................... 327/105
`
`5,892,380 A
`
`4/1999 Quist ......................... 327 /172
`5,663,878 A
`
`
`9/1997 Walker ....................... 363/159
`
`5,894,239 A
`
`
`4/1999 Bonaccio et al ............ 327 /176
`
`5,663,986 A
`
`
`9/1997 Striffler ...................... 375/260
`
`5,894,496 A
`
`4/1999 Jones ......................... 455/126
`
`5,668,836 A
`
`9/1997 Smith et al. ................ 375/316
`
`5,896,304 A
`
`4/1999 Tiemann et al.
`5,675,392 A
`
`
`
`10/1997 Nayebi et al. .............. 348/584
`
`5,896,562 A
`
`
`
`5,678,220 A
`
`
`
`10/1997 Fournier ..................... 455/302
`
`5,898,912 A
`
`4/ 1999 Heck et al.
`5,678,226 A
`
`10/ 1997 Li et al.
`
`5,900,747 A
`5/ 1999 Brauns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 27 /9
`
`
`5,680,078 A
`
`
`10/1997 Ariie .......................... 332/178
`
`5,901,054 A
`
`5/1999 Leu et al. ..................... 363/41
`
`5,680,418 A
`
`
`10/1997 Croft et al. ................. 375/346
`
`5,901,187 A
`
`5/1999 Iinurna ....................... 375/347
`
`5,682,099 A
`
`
`10/1997 Thompson et al.
`5,901,344 A
`
`5/1999 Opas ........................... 455/76
`
`5,689,413 A
`
`
`11/1997 Jaramillo et al. ........... 363/146
`5,901,347 A
`
`
`5/1999 Chambers et al. ....... 455/234.1
`5,694,096 A
`
`
`
`
`12/1997 Ushiroku et al. ........... 333/195
`
`5,901,348 A
`
`5/1999 Bang et al. ................. 455/254
`
`5,697,074 A
`
`
`12/1997 Makikallio et al.
`5,901,349 A
`
`
`5/1999 Guegnaud et al. .......... 455/302
`5,699,006 A
`
`
`
`12/1997 Zele et al. .................. 327/341
`
`5,903,178 A
`
`
`5/1999 Miyatsuji et al ............ 327 /308
`
`5,705,949 A
`
`1/1998 Alelyu nas et al. .......... 329/304
`
`5,903,187 A
`
`
`5/1999 Claverie et al. ............ 329/342
`
`5,705,955 A
`
`
`1/1998 Freeburg et al ............... 331/14
`
`5,903,196 A
`
`5/1999 Salvi et al. ................... 331/16
`5,710,992 A
`
`
`1/1998 Sawada et al.
`
`5,903,421 A
`
`
`5/1999 Furutani et al. .............. 361/58
`
`5,710,998 A
`
`1/1998 Opas .......................... 455/324
`
`5,903,553 A
`
`
`5/1999 Sakamoto et al. .......... 370/338
`5,714,910 A
`
`2/ 1998 Skoczen et al. ... ... ... ... ... 331/3
`
`5,903,595 A
`
`5/1999 Suzuki ....................... 375/207
`
`5,715,281 A
`
`2/1998 Bly, deceased et al ...... 375/344
`
`5,903,609 A
`
`5/1999 Kool et al. . ................ 375/261
`
`5,721,514 A
`
`
`2/ 1998 Crockett et al. ... ... ... ... ... 331/3
`
`5,903,827 A
`
`5/1999 Kennan et al. . ............ 455/326
`
`5,724,002 A
`
`
`3/1998 Hulick ....................... 329/361
`
`5,903,854 A
`
`5/1999 Abe et al .................... 455/575
`
`5,724,653 A
`3/1998 Baker et al ................. 455/296
`
`5,905,449 A
`
`5/1999 Tsubouchi et al. ..... 340/925.69
`5,729,577 A
`
`
`
`3/1998 Chen .......................... 375/334
`5,907,149 A
`
`
`5/1999 Marckini .................... 235/487
`
`5,729,829 A
`
`3/1998 Talwar et al. ................. 455/63
`
`5,907,197 A
`
`5/1999 Faulk ......................... 307 /119
`
`4/1999 Heinonen .................... 455/76
`
`

`

`US 7,110,444 Bl
`
`Page 5
`
`6,353,735 Bl 3/2002 Sorrells et al. ............. 455/118
`
`6,370,371 Bl 4/2002 Sorrells et al. .. ........... 455/323
`
`455/245.2 Nash ....................... Bl * 11/2001 5,914,622 A 6/1999 Inoue ......................... 327 /172 6,317,589
`
`5,909,447 A 6/1999 Cox et al .................... 370/508 6,307,894 Bl 10/2001 Eidson et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rabii Bl 11/2001 5,911,116 A 6/1999 Nosswitz ..................... 455/83 6,313,685
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Mohindra Bl 11/2001 5,911,123 A 6/1999 Shaffer et al. .............. 455/554 6,314,279
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Luz et al. Bl 11/2001 5,915,278 A 6/1999 Mallick ...... .. ...... ...... .. . 73/658 6,321,073
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Traylor et al. Bl 12/2001 5,920,199 A 7/1999 Sauer ......................... 324/678 6,327,313
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Swartz et al. Bl 12/2001 5,926,065 A 7/1999 Wakai et al. ............... 329/304 6,330,244
`
`
`
`
`
`6,335,656 Bl 1/2002 Goldfarb et al.
`
`
`
`5,926,513 A 7/1999 Suominen et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5,933,467 A 8/1999 Sehier et al. ............... 375/350
`
`
`6,363,262 Bl 3/2002 McNicol
`
`
`5,937,013 A 8/1999 Lam et al.
`
`
`6,366,622 Bl 4/2002 Brown et al.
`
`
`
`5,943,370 A 8/1999 Smith ......................... 375/334
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Bl 6/2002 Glockler 5,945,660 A 8/1999 Nakasuji et al. ....... 235/462.46 6,400,963 et al.
`
`
`5,949,827 A 9/1999 DeLuca et al.
`
`
`6,421,534 Bl 7/2002 Cook et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5,952,895 A 9/1999 McCune, Jr. et al ........ 332/128 6,459,721 Bl 10/2002 Mochizuki et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5,953,642 A 9/1999 Feldtkeller et al. ...... 455/195.1 6,516,185 Bl 2/2003 MacNally
`
`
`5,955,992 A 9/1999 Shattil
`
`
`6,531,979 Bl 3/2003 Hynes
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5,959,850 A 9/1999 Lim ............................ 363/17 6,542,722 Bl 4/2003 Sorrells et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Bl 5/2003 Cook et al. 5,960,033 A 9/1999 Shibano et al. ............. 375/207 6,560,301
`
`
`5,970,053 A * 10/1999 Schick et al.
`
`
`
`6,580,902 Bl 6/2003 Sorrells et al.
`
`
`
`5,982,315 A 11/1999 Bazarj ani et al.
`
`
`6,600,795 Bl 7/2003 Ohta et al.
`
`
`5,995,030 A 11/1999 Cabler
`
`
`
`6,600,911 Bl * 7/2003 Morishige et al.
`
`
`5,999,561 A * 12/1999 Naden et al.
`
`
`6,608,647 Bl 8/2003 King
`
`
`6,005,903 A 12/1999 Mendelovicz
`
`
`
`6,611,569 Bl 8/2003 Schier et al.
`
`
`
`6,011,435 A 1/2000 Takeyabu et al.
`
`
`
`
`6,634,555 Bl 10/2003 Sorrells et al.
`
`
`6,014,176 A 1/2000 Nayebi et al.
`
`
`
`
`6,647,250 Bl 11/2003 Bultman et al.
`
`
`
`6,014,551 A 1/2000 Pesola et al.
`
`
`6,686,879 Bl * 2/2004 Shattil
`
`
`6,018,262 A 1/2000 Noro et al.
`
`
`
`6,687,493 Bl 2/2004 Sorrells et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6,018,553 A * 1/2000 Sanielevici et al. ......... 375/334 6,690,232 Bl 2/2004 Ueno et al.
`
`
`6,026,286 A 2/2000 Long
`
`
`
`6,694,128 Bl 2/2004 Sorrells et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6,028,887 A 2/2000 Harrison et al ............. 375/206 6,697,603 Bl 2/2004 Lovinggood et al.
`
`
`6,031,217 A 2/2000 Aswell et al.
`
`
`
`6,704,549 Bl * 3/2004 Sorrells et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6,041,073 A 3/2000 Davidovici et al. ......... 375/148 6,704,558 Bl * 3/2004 Sorrells et al.
`
`
`6,047,026 A 4/2000 Chao et al.
`
`
`6,049,573 A 4/2000 Song
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`6,049,706 A 4/2000 Cook et al. ................. 455/313
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6,054,889 A 4/2000 Kobayashi .................. 327/357 DE 196 27 640 Al 1/1997
`
`
`
`
`
`6,061,551 A 5/2000 Sorrells et al . ............. 455/118 DE
`196 48 915 Al 6/1998
`
`
`
`
`6,061,555 A 5/2000 Bultman et al. ............ 455/313 DE
`197 35 798 Cl 7 /1998
`
`
`
`6,064,054 A 5/2000 Waczynski et al.
`EP
`0 035 166 Al 9/1981
`
`
`6,067,329 A 5/2000 Kato et al.
`EP
`0 099 265 Al 1/1984
`
`
`6,073,001 A 6/2000 Sokoler
`EP
`0 087 336 Bl 7 /1986
`
`
`
`6,076,015 A 6/2000 Hartley et al.
`EP
`0 254 844 A2 2/1988
`
`
`6,078,630 A * 6/2000 Prasanna
`EP
`0 193 899 Bl 6/1990
`
`
`
`6,081,691 A 6/2000 Renard et al. ............. 455/12.1 EP
`0 380 351 A2 8/1990
`
`
`6,084,465 A 7/2000 Dasgupta
`EP
`0 380 351 A3 2/1991
`
`
`
`6,084,922 A 7/2000 Zhou et al. ................. 375/316 EP 0 411 840 A2 2/1991
`
`
`
`
`6,085,073 A 7/2000 Palermo et al.
`EP
`0 423 718 A2 4/1991
`
`
`
`6,091,939 A 7/2000 Banh .......................... 455/102 EP 0 411 840 A3 7 /1991
`
`
`
`
`
`6,091,940 A 7/2000 Sorrells et al . ............. 455/118 EP
`0 485 095 Al 5/1992
`
`
`
`
`6,091,941 A 7/2000 Moriyama et al. .......... 455/126 EP
`0 423 718 A3 8/1992
`
`
`
`6,094,084 A 7/2000 Abou-Allam et al.
`EP
`0 512 748 A2 11/1992
`
`
`6,098,046 A 8/2000 Cooper et al.
`EP
`0 529 836 Al 3/1993
`
`
`
`6,098,886 A 8/2000 Swift et al. .............. 235/472.1 EP
`0 548 542 Al 6/1993
`
`
`
`
`6,121,819 A 9/2000 Traylor ....................... 327 /326 EP 0 512 748 A3 7 /1993
`
`
`
`
`
`6,125,271 A 9/2000 Rowland, Jr ................ 455/313 EP
`0 087 336 Al 8/1993
`
`
`
`6,144,236 A 11/2000 Vice et al. .................. 327/113 EP 0 560 228 Al 9/1993
`
`
`
`6,144,331 A 11/2000 Jiang
`EP
`0 632 288 A2 1/1995
`
`
`
`6,144,846 A 11/2000 Duree ........................ 455/323 EP 0 632 577 Al 1/1995
`
`
`
`
`
`6,147,340 A 11/2000 Levy ...................... 250/214 R EP 0 643 477 A2 3/1995
`
`
`
`
`
`6,147,763 A 11/2000 Steinlechner ............... 356/484 EP
`0 643 477 A3 3/1995
`
`
`
`
`6,150,890 A 11/2000 Damgaard et al. ............ 331/14 EP
`0 411 840 Bl 10/1995
`
`
`6,151,354 A 11/2000 Abbey
`EP
`0 696 854 Al 2/1996
`
`
`6,160,280 A 12/2000 Bonn et al.
`EP
`0 632 288 A3 7 /1996
`
`
`6,169,733 Bl 1/2001 Lee
`EP
`0 732 803 Al 9/1996
`
`
`
`6,175,728 Bl 1/2001 Mitama ...................... 455/323 EP 0 486 095 Bl 2/1997
`
`
`
`6,178,319 Bl 1/2001 Kashima
`EP
`0 782 275 A2 7 /1997
`
`
`6,204,789 Bl 3/2001 Nagata
`EP
`0 785 635 Al 7 /1997
`
`
`
`
`6,215,475 Bl 4/2001 Meyerson et al. .......... 345/173 EP
`0 789 449 A2 8/1997
`
`
`
`6,225,848 Bl 5/2001 Tilley et al.
`EP
`0 795 955 A3 9/1997
`
`
`6,230,000 Bl 5/2001 Tayloe
`EP
`0 795 955 A2 9/1997
`
`
`
`
`6,266,518 Bl 7/2001 Sorrells et al . ............. 455/118 EP
`0 795 978 A2 9/1997
`
`

`

`US 7,110,444 Bl
`
`Page 6
`
`0 817 369 A2 1/1998
`
`0 817 369 A3 1/1998
`
`0 837 565 Al 4/1998
`
`0 862 274 Al 9/1998
`
`0 874 499 A2 10/1998
`
`0 512 748 Bl 11/1998
`
`0 877 476 Al 11/1998
`
`
`
`0 977 341 A 2/2000
`
`2 245 130 4/1975
`
`2 669 787 Al 5/1992
`
`2 161 344 A 1/1986
`
`2 215 945 A 9/1989
`
`
`
`2 324 919 A 11/1998
`
`56-114451
`
`9/1981
`
`59-144249
`
`8/1984
`
`60-130203
`
`7 /1985
`
`61-30821
`
`2/1986
`
`63-54002
`
`3/1988
`
`2-396322/1990
`
`2-131629
`
`5/1990
`
`2-27635111/1990
`
`5-32735612/1993
`
`8-325562/1996
`
`8-139524
`
`5/1996
`
`9-36664
`
`2/1997
`
`EP
`
`EP
`
`EP
`
`EP
`
`EP
`
`EP
`
`EP
`
`EP
`FR
`
`FR
`
`FR
`GB
`
`GB
`
`GB
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`
`
`WO 91/18445 Al 11/1991
`
`
`
`WO 94/05087 Al 3/1994
`
`
`
`WO 95/01006 Al 1/1995
`
`
`
`WO 96/02977 Al 2/1996
`
`
`
`WO 96/08078 Al 3/1996
`
`
`
`WO 96/39750 Al 12/1996
`
`
`
`WO 97/08839 A3 3/1997
`
`
`
`WO 97/08839 A2 3/1997
`
`
`
`WO 98/21201 Al 6/1998
`
`
`
`WO 98/40968 A3 9/1998
`
`
`
`WO 98/40968 A2 9/1998
`
`Allstot, D

This document is available on Docket Alarm but you must sign up to view it.


Or .

Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.

After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.

Accept $ Charge
throbber

Still Working On It

This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.

Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.

throbber

A few More Minutes ... Still Working

It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.

Thank you for your continued patience.

This document could not be displayed.

We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

Set your membership status to view this document.

With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll get a whole lot more, including:

  • Up-to-date information for this case.
  • Email alerts whenever there is an update.
  • Full text search for other cases.
  • Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.

Become a Member

One Moment Please

The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.

Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.

Your document is on its way!

If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.

Sealed Document

We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.

If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.


Access Government Site

We are redirecting you
to a mobile optimized page.





Document Unreadable or Corrupt

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket

We are unable to display this document.

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket