The New Oxford
`American Dictionary
`
`EDITED BY
`
`Elizabeth J. Jewell
`Frank Abate
`
`OXFORD
`UNIVERSITY PRESS
`
`2001
`
`ALEXANDRIA LIBRARY
`ALEXANDRIA, VA 22304
`
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`

`OXFORD
`UNIVERSITY PREss
`
`Oxford NewYork
`Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires CapeTown Chennai
`Dares Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata
`Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai
`Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto
`The New OxfordAmerican Dictionaryis based on The New Oxford
`DictionaryofEnglish, published in the United Kingdom in 1998.
`
`Copyright © 2001 by Oxford University Press
`Published by Oxford University Press
`198 Madison Avenue,
`New York, NewYork 10016
`
`toLww. oup-usa.org
`twwwtw. askoxford.com
`
`Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press.
`All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication maybe reproduced,
`Stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
`electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without
`the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`The new Oxford American dictionary/ edited by Frank Abate, Elizabeth J. Jewell.
`Pp. cm.
`ISBN 0-19-511227-x
`1. English language—Dictionaries. 2. English language—United States—Dictionaries. 3.
`Americanisms—Dictionaries. L Abate, Frank R.
`IL. Jewell, Elizabeth.
`PE1628 .N429 2001
`423—dc21
`
`ISBN 0-19-515060-0 book w/CD
`This book includes some words that are, or are asserted to be, proprietary
`names or trademarks. Their inclusion does not implythat they have
`acquired for legal purposes a nonproprietaryor general significance,noris
`any other judgmentimplied concerningtheir legal status. In cases where
`the editor has some evidence that a word is used as a proprietary name
`or trademark, this is indicated bythe designation trademark, but no
`judgmentconcerning the legal status of such words is made or implied
`thereby.
`
`1098765432
`
`Printed in the United States ofAmerica on acid-free paper
`
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`

`vw gh”
`
`NY
`
`fort
`
`a
`
`a
`
`0 oy
`
`¢
`
`Lauway --
`
`on number(the multipli-
`. BEconomics a factor by
`yme exceedsthe resulting
`qestment. Ma device for
`1e intensity of an electric
`easurable level.
`(-ies, -ied) [trans.] obtain
`at contains the first num-
`mes: J asked you to multi-
`intrans.] we all know how to
`
`fase greatly in number or
`ce I became a landlord my
`fold | {trans,] cigarette smok-
`tors to multiply the risks of
`a“ es animal or other or-
`er
`by reproducing, m prop-
`from Old French multiplier,
`
`Cts:
`
`:
`
`
`
`(see
`
`.
`“Vergy
`a “iCES) Y~~
`Fe of watev4BP
`yal
`—
`[trans.] record using multitrac
`py,
`Sep
`mb ‘fic rules to ol
`:
`y)-
`ing n
`(multitracked) multitracked Coat "SCOrding,
`ad
`a oh clo”
`me
`ier spee
`muletietueberecuslate |maltit(y)5
`ag a)
`trench, OF
`om
`Old Fre
`anla is
`small primitive extinct mammaj of
`from multiphicare (
`. from en a
`ceous and Paleocene order,
`distinguisheq Cris
`molar teeth with several cy
`sed to jndi-
`SPS arrangeg ® rag
`yther
`ign, esp. * it
`three rows.
`multiplied by anc
`-Order Multituberculata, subclass Allother;
`-ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from mode ;
`4
`sts of
`table of the product
`t A Multi,
`berculata, from MULTI ‘many’ + Latin
`Uberculyy,
`{ to 12.
`Itaplo,kativ | >”
`bercle?
`cativ; ‘Molt
`muletietude |'molta,t(y)ood|
`pon, a larg
`on: coronary
`‘multiplicat
`e Dumber: '
`multitude of medical conditions are dy
`“ie being Ver.
`re| pn.
`(pl. -ies) a large
`weight.
`ts a multiplicity of ascents.
`a (the multitudes) large numbersofpeople:
`.
`;
`: the
`rsts and the multiplicity of
`titudes using the roads. @ (the multitude) . he
`gathering of people: Father Peter addressed the Be
`tude. @ (the multitude) the mass of Ordinary a
`h: from late Latin multi-
`without poweror influence: placing ultimate poll
`(see MULTIPLEX).
`n. a person or thing that
`power in the hands of the multitude. W archaic the state
`of being numerous: they would swarm overthe river jy
`their multitude.
`-PHRASES cover a multitude of sins see Cover.
`-ORIGIN Middle English: via Old French from Latin
`multitudo, from multus ‘many.’
`muletietuedienous | ,molta't(y)oodn-as| padj. very mu:
`merous:the tinkling of multitudinousbells from the herd,
`B consisting of or containing many individuals or ele-
`ments: the multitudinous array of chemical substancs
`that exist in the natural world. @ poeticiliterary (ofa bod
`of water) vast.
`muletiet’
`-DERIVATIVES multietuedienousely adv
`dienousenessn.
`-ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from Latin multitudo
`muletieuseer | 'malté'yoozor; ‘mal,ti-| >a} fat
`MULTITUDE) + -OUS.
`ae
`computer system) able to be used by 4 number
`ple simultaneously.
`hich several ite
`™ denoting a computer game in W
`Internet oF°
`sptataet simultaneously using the
`|
`mmunications.
`en | malti'valant; mal,ti-Rea
`wo to many applications, ;
`§8, or values: visually complex
`work,
`ng seve
`:
`ing”.
`ap
`©s at which attachment to an antibe q
`
`|'momb(2
`ingsly
`aN Middle E
`mumeblesty-Peg
`typeg) >n. a game
`aknife or pointed:
`tinuing until it fail
`-ORIGIN early 17t
`peg, ftom mumble i
`with toothless gu
`game that an unsu
`© ground using
`-
`mMum-bo-jumetig
`Kimbo) yn,
`informe
`€d
`to Cause Ci
`
`
`
`
`e
`
`x
`
`.
`
`Jonlanectons
`Areiety
`I-Pa'lerate ‘
`
`~
`
`3
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`_ M
`
`uty and indignities of pillage
`
`lly and violently: the army
`1 off huge quantities of plun-
`
`trollably: a car swerved to
`ato a ravine, @ embark im-
`course ofaction: overconfi-
`ahead. @ suffer a rapid de-
`wth-quarter operating profit
`p) pitch: the ship plunged
`
`ush or thrust quickly: he
`‘Rets.
`so as to immerse it com-
`; with boiling water and then
`ter, @ (often be plunged
`) a specified condition or
`me was illuminated, then it
`ness, @ [trans.] sink (a plant
`t) in the ground.
`ving into water: we went
`2 a cold plunge.
`value or amount: the bank
`: profits.
`informal commit oneself to
`ch oneis nervous.
`zlish: from Old French
`| on Latin plumbum ‘lead,
`
`in excavated at the foot of
`1e falling water.
`nming pool; typically one
`2d'to refresh or invigorate
`
`2vice consisting of a rub-
`ed to clear blocked pipes
`
`anism that works with a
`‘ment.
`*S or spends moneyreck-
`
`low-cut neckline on a
`
`[intrans.] play a keyboard
`nent, esp.
`in an unex-
`
`‘ly.
`
`iGs. They mayalso,esp. if periods
`adding an s: CDs,
`e involved, employ an Eepcr ecg
`ig of proper names typically endin s or es, never
`ar
`Echa apostrophe: the Smiths, the Joneses, the Rosses.
`w
`1
`See also usage at APOSTROPHE!.
`:
`1 a condition or sys-
`
`sism|‘ploora,lizom| >n. \ OF
`
`arn.
`pris wie re9 or more states, groups, principles,
`rom Germanpliindern,lit-
`e
`roods, from Middle High
`ity,
`;
`etc., coexist.
`it
`ources of authority;
`3 q form of society in which the members of minority
`d effects.’ Early use of the
`intain their independent cultural tradi-
`to the Thirty Years’ War
`Ske political theory or system of power-
`ian usage; on the outbreak
`sharing among 4 number of political parties. ae
`1642, the word and activity
`wees under Prince Rupert.
`theory or system of devolution and autonomy for
`_ with adverbial] jump or dive
`:ndividual bodies in preference to monolithic state
`ur daughters whooped as they
`control. ™ Philosophy a theory or system that recog-
`nizes more than one ultimate principle. Compare
`with MONISM.
`office or
`2 the practice of holding more than one
`church benefice at a time.
`:
`_~DERIVATIVES plueraleist
`|-list| 1. & adj.; plueraleise
`tic |-'listik| adj.; plueraleisetiecalely |-'listak(a)lé| adv.
`plueraleiety | ploo'rzelite| >n. (pl. -ies) 1 the fact orstate
`of being plural: some languages add an extra syllable to
`mark plurality.
`B [in sing.] a large numberof people or things: a plural-
`ity of critical approaches.
`2 the number of votes cast for a candidate who re-
`ceives more than any other but does not receive an ab-
`solute majority: his winning plurality came from creating
`a reform coalition.
`@ the number by which this exceeds the number of
`votes cast for the candidate who placed second.
`3 chiefly historical another term for PLURALISM (sense 2).
`-ORIGIN late Middle English: from Old French plu-
`ralite, from late Latin pluralitas, from Latin pluralis ‘re-
`lating to more than one’ (see PLURAL).
`USAGE: Onthe difference between plurality and
`majority, see usage at MAJORITY.
`plueraleize | 'ploora,liz| »v. [trans.] 1 cause to become
`more numerous.
`™ cause to be made upofseveral different elements.
`2 give a plural form to (a word).
`~DERIVATIVES plurraleiezastion | ploorali'zasHon| n.
`pluri- >comb.form several: pluripotent.
`i from Latin plus, plur- ‘more, plures ‘several.’
`Pluerieportent
`| ploori'potnt| padj. Biology (of an im-
`mature or stem cell) capable
`of
`givi
`:
`different cell types.
`pable
`of giving rise to several
`~ORIGIN 1940s: from PLURI-
`‘several’ + Latin potent-
`beingable’ (see POTENT!),
`plus |plos| »prep. with the ad
`dition of: two plus four is
`Ceone,See ‘Full amountplus interest.
`i
`ether with: ail a
`kitchen plus private iheoe
`badj. 1 [postpositive] (after a number or amount) atleast:
`= aim a éosses at $500,000 plus.
`
`Plus sign 5,
`POSitive wifes ;
`Plustarch \'plooitark| (
`and Philosopher:
`ie
`Plutarchus. He is chied
`lection of bj
`:
`M1
`ao
`Ographies of pro:
`Pluetesus | 'ploots
`planktonic larvaofeg
`whattriangular with lateral
`~ORIGIN late 19th cent. fo
`(with referencetoits shape)
`Plusto | 'ploots| 1 Greek Mythg
`world. Also called Hapes.
`2 Astronomy the most remote
`system, ninth in order fro:
`1930 by Clyde Tombaugh.
`Pluto usually orbits beyon
`distance of 5,900 million k
`its orbit is so eccentric that
`the sun than Neptune(;
`smaller than earth’s moo
`km), but it was discovere
`satellite (Charon), which
`should properly be regard
`-ORIGIN via Latin from |
`the god ofthe underworld
`pluetoceraecy | ploo'takra
`by the wealthy.
`_
`@ a country or society 80
`or ruling class of peopl
`their wealth.
`-DERIVATIVES plustorc
`pluctoecrateiecalely | ploc
`-ORIGIN mid 17th a
`from ploutos ‘wealth’ + Fi
`USAGE:See usage at
`plustoecrat plore
`whose power derive
`plueton|‘ploo,tin| ”
`neous rock.
`-ORIGIN 1930s:
`Pluetosniean |
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