Patent Number:
`11
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`5,035,009
`Jul. 30, 1991
`
`4,133,055 l/1979 Zebuhr .................................... 2/41
`4,345,338 8/1982 Frieder, Jr. et al. .......
`... 2/414
`4,432,099 2/1984 Grick et al. ............................. 2/44
`4,566,137 1/1986 Gooding ................................. 2/425
`4,627, 114 12/1986 Mitchell .................................. 2/414
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`346608 12/1989 European Pat. Off. ................ 2/411
`3337599 4/1985 Fed. Rep. of Germany .......... 2/410
`Primary Examiner-Werner H. Schroeder
`Assistant Examiner-Michael A. Neas
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ben D. Tobor
`57)
`ABSTRACT
`A protective helmet and liner therefor includes a sheet
`of sound deadening material which fits between impact
`force absorbing pad structures disposed on the interior
`of the protective helmet.
`
`20 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets
`
`United States Patent (19)
`Wingo, Jr. et al.
`
`- -
`
`- - -
`
`- - - -
`
`- - -
`
`- - -
`
`- - - - - -
`
`- - 2/414; 2/425
`
`PROTECTIVE HELMET AND LNER
`Inventors: James C. Wingo, Jr., Stafford, Tex.;
`Nelson Kraemer, Mt. Prospect, Ill.
`Assignee:
`Riddell, Inc., Chicago, Ill.
`Appl. No.:
`589,387
`Sep. 27, 1990
`Filed:
`Int, Cl. ............
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A42B 3/00
`U.S. C. ............
`Field of Search ................... 2/410, 411, 414, 422,
`2/425, 190; 181/126
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`Aileo ....................................... 2/414
`3,055,013 9/1962
`Marietta .................................. 2/414
`3,153,792 10/1964
`Kwoka .................................... 2/414
`3,364,499 1/1968
`Morgan ................................... 2/414
`3,609,764 10/1971
`DeSimone .............................. 2/414
`3,673,609 7/1972
`Morgan ................................... 2/414
`3,882,547 5/1975
`
`(54
`75)
`
`(73)
`(21)
`22
`(51)
`(52)
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`
`
`130
`
`113
`
`MacNeil Exhibit 2171
`Yita v. MacNeil IP, IPR2020-01139, Page 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`July 30, 1991
`
`Sheet 1 of 4
`
`5,035,009
`
`
`
`MacNeil Exhibit 2171
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`July 30, 1991
`
`Sheet 2 of 4
`
`5,035,009
`
`
`
`MacNeil Exhibit 2171
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`July 30, 1991
`
`Sheet 3 of 4
`
`5,035,009
`
`
`
`MacNeil Exhibit 2171
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`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`July 30, 1991
`
`Sheet 4 of 4
`
`5,035,009
`
`
`
`MacNeil Exhibit 2171
`Yita v. MacNeil IP, IPR2020-01139, Page 5
`
`

`

`1.
`
`PROTECTIVE HELMET AND LINER
`
`O
`
`S
`
`l. Field of the Invention
`The invention relates to a protective helmet and liner,
`particularly for a protective helmet and liner for indi
`viduals playing in the sport of football.
`2. Description of the Prior Art
`Various types of pad structures for protective hel
`mets, such as football helmets, hardhats, crash helmets,
`and the like, are disposed on an interior surface of the
`helmet in order to absorb impact forces, upon the hel
`met being struck, to protect the wearer of the helmet.
`Certain pad structures have been proposed for use with
`protective helmets, wherein the pad structures are not
`disposed over the entire interior surface of the protec
`tive helmet. Examples of two such protective helmets
`are shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,609,764,
`issued Oct. 5, 1971, to Gerard E. Morgan, and U.S. Pat.
`No. 3,882,547, issued May 13, 1975, to Gerard E. Mor
`gan. Each of the foregoing patents describes a pad
`structure for use in protective helmets which provides
`impact force absorption and has the ability to be sized to
`fit the various shaped heads of individual wearers of the
`helmet. The impact force absorption and sizing ability
`of the helmets described in the two foregoing patents
`are achieved without the pad structures covering the
`entire interior surface of the helmet, but rather by hav
`ing the pad structures disposed in a spaced relationship
`from each other, with portions of the interior surface of
`30
`the helmet being exposed in the spaces between the pad
`Sticles.
`Because portions of the interior surfaces of some of
`the protective helmets of the prior art are exposed, and
`since protective helmets are usually made from a rigid
`plastic material, some wearers of these helmets have
`expressed dissatisfaction with the helmets because they
`sometimes have difficulty hearing while wearing the
`protective helmets due to vibrational forces, causing
`noise and echo effects from voices and the sounds of
`40
`impact when the helmet is struck. It is also believed that
`because some of the interior surfaces of the protective
`helmet are exposed, such surfaces may be subject to
`degradation caused by the interior surface being con
`tacted, over a period of time, by various types of chemi
`45
`cals contained in hair preparations worn by the wearers
`of the protective helmet. Additionally, such exposed
`interior surfaces of these protective helmets may be
`come unsightly because of exposure to the same hair
`preparations, as well as other types of dirt and grime
`which can become embedded on such interior surfaces
`because of the entry of dirt, etc. into the interior of the
`protective helmet. Because of the design and shape of
`some of the pad structures disposed in the interior Sur
`face of these protective helmets, it can be difficult to
`55
`readily clean out the inside surface of the protective
`helnet.
`Accordingly, prior to the development of the present
`protective helmet and liner, there has been no protec
`tive helmet, having a plurality of pad structures dis
`posed upon the interior surface of the helmet in a spaced
`relationship, which: reduces noise caused by vibrational
`forces and echo effects from voices and impact forces
`upon the helmet; protects the exposed interior surface
`of the helmet from potential degradation due to long
`65
`term exposure to chemicals contained in hair prepara
`tions; and is able to be readily cleaned and maintained to
`be sanitary and have a clean appearance. Therefore, the
`
`5,035,009
`2
`art has sought a protective helmet, which utilizes a
`plurality of pad structures, disposed in a spaced rela
`tionship upon the interior surface of the helmet, which:
`reduces noise caused by vibrational forces and echo
`effects from voices and impact forces upon the helmet;
`protects against potential degradation of the interior
`surface of the helmet caused by long term exposure to
`chemicals contained in various hair preparations; and
`permits the interior surface of the helmet to be readily
`cleaned and able to maintain a clean and sanitary ap
`pearance.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`In accordance with the invention, the foregoing ad
`vantages have been achieved through the present re
`placeable, removable liner for use in a protective helmet
`having an interior surface, portions of the interior sur
`face having pad structures disposed thereon in a spaced
`relationship, and other portions of the interior surface
`being exposed in the spaces between the pad structures.
`The liner in accordance with the present invention
`includes: at least one sheet of sound deadening material
`having a periphery surface which conforms to, and fits
`within, the spaces between the pad structures; and the at
`least one sheet of material has an upper and a lower
`surface, the lower surface adapted to be disposed adja
`cent the interior surface of the helmet, the upper surface
`adapted to be spaced from the interior surface of the
`helmet, the upper surface of the sheet of material being
`spaced a smaller distance from the interior surface of
`the helmet than the outer surfaces of the pad structures,
`whereby the liner may be inserted in the helmet and
`reduce the transmission of sound within the helmet.
`A further feature of the present invention is that the
`sound deadening material may be a plastic material,
`which may be a plastic foam material. Another feature
`of the present invention is that the plastic foam material
`may be a closed cell plastic foam material, which may
`be cross-linked polyethylene. A further feature of the
`present invention is that the at least one sheet of sound
`deadening material may have a plurality of raised pro
`jections on its upper surface, and these projections may
`be spaced from adjacent projections and separated
`therefrom by a portion of the at least one sheet of mate
`rial having a reduced thickness, and the sheet of mate
`rial may be flexed and bent along the reduced thickness
`portions of the sheet, whereby the liner readily con
`forms to, and fits within, the spaces between the pad
`StructureS.
`An additional feature of the present invention is that
`the liner may be formed of a single, integral sheet of
`sound deadening material. Another feature of the pres
`ent invention is that the at least one sheet of sound
`deadening material may include at least one positioning
`member extending outwardly from the periphery sur
`face, the at least one positioning member adapted to be
`disposed between some of the pad structures to position
`the liner within the protective helmet. A further feature
`of the present invention is that there may be three posi
`tioning members.
`In accordance with another aspect of the invention,
`the foregoing advantages have been achieved through
`the present protective helmet. The protective helmet, in
`accordance with the present invention, includes: a hel
`met shell having an interior surface, portions of the
`interior surface having pad structures, having outer
`surfaces spaced from the interior surface of the helmet
`shell, disposed thereon in a spaced relationship, other
`
`25
`
`35
`
`50
`
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`
`

`

`10
`
`15
`
`30
`
`5,035,009
`4.
`3
`FIG. 7 is a plan view of a liner in accordance with the
`portions of the interior surface being exposed in the
`present invention;
`spaces between the pad structures; and a replaceable,
`FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 8-8
`removable liner for the helmet shell, the liner including
`at least one sheet of sound deadening material having a
`Of FIG 6,
`While the invention will be described in connection
`periphery surface which conforms to, and fits within,
`with the preferred embodiment, it will be understood
`the spaces between the pad structures, and the at least
`that it is not intended to limit the invention to that em
`one sheet of material having an upper and lower sur
`bodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all
`face, the lower surface adapted to be disposed adjacent
`alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be
`the interior surface of the helmet, the upper surface
`included within the spirit and scope of the invention as
`adapted to be spaced from the interior surface of the
`defined by the appended claims.
`helmet, the upper surface of the sheet of material being
`spaced a smalier distance from the interior surface of
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`the helmet than the outer surfaces of the pad structures,
`INVENTION
`whereby the iner may be inserted in the helmet shell
`In FIGS. 1-4, two examples of protective helmets
`and reduce the transmission of sound within the helmet
`100, 101 are illustrated. Protective helmets 100, 101 are
`shell.
`particularly adapted for use in the sport of football.
`A further feature of the present invention is that the
`Protective helmet 100 generally corresponds to the
`sound deadening material may be a plastic material, and
`protective helmet described and disclosed in U.S. Pat.
`may be a closed cell plastic foam material. A further
`No. 3,882,547, which patent is incorporated herein by
`feature of the present invention is that the at least one
`reference. Helmet 101 of FIGS. 3 and 4 is substantially
`sheet of sound deadening material may have a plurality
`similar to the helmet disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
`of raised projections on its upper Surface, and each
`3,609,764, which patent is incorporated herein by refer
`projection is spaced from adjacent projections and sepa
`ence. For ease of description, the same reference nu
`rated therefrom by a portion of the at least one sheet of
`5 merals will be used to describe the same components
`material having a reduced thickness, and the sheet of
`found in helmets 100, 101, and components similar in
`material may be flexed and bent along the reduced
`design and function will be denoted by primed refer
`thickness portions of the sheet, whereby the liner
`ence numerals. Each helmet, 101, generally includes a
`readily conforms to, and fits within the spaces between
`conventional helmet shell 102, formed of a material
`the pad structures.
`normally used for such helmet shells, the common ma
`Another feature of the present invention is that the at
`terial being a relatively stiff plastic material. Each shell
`least one sheet of sound deadening material may include
`102 has an interior surface 103, portions of the interior
`at least one positioning member extending outwardly
`surface 102 having a plurality of pad structures 104
`from the periphery surface, the at least one positioning
`disposed thereon in a spaced relationship. Each pad
`member adapted to be disposed between some of the
`structures 104 has an outer surface 105 spaced from the
`pad structures to position the liner within the protective
`interior Surface 103 of helmet Shell 102. Protective hel
`helmet.
`mets 100, 101 have other portions 106, 106" (FIGS. 1
`The protective helmet and liner of the present inven
`and 3) of the interior surface 103 of shell 102 being
`tion, when compared with previously proposed prior
`exposed in the spaces 107, 107" between the pad struc
`art protective helmets, has the advantages of: being able
`tures 104. As will be hereinafter described in greater
`40
`to reduce noise caused by vibrational forces and echo
`detail, each protective helmet, 100, 101 is provided with
`effects from voices and impact forces within the helmet
`a replaceable, removable liner 110, 110'. The helmet 100
`shell: protecting the interior of the helmet shell from
`of FIG. 1 is illustrated without having liner 110 inserted
`potential degradation of the helmet shell from chemi
`therein, whereas liner 110 is illustrated in FIG. 2 as
`cais contained in hair preparations worn by the wearers
`being disposed within helmet 100 as will be hereinafter
`45
`of the protective helmets; provides the interior of the
`described in greater detail. In FIG. 3, liner 110' is illus
`protective helmet with a clean and sanitary appearance;
`trated as being disposed within helmet 101 as is the case
`and assisting in the cleaning of the interior surface of the
`in FIG. 4.
`protective helmet.
`The helmets 100, 101 of FIGS. 1-4, in addition to pad
`structures 104, have a crown pad 111 (FIGS. 3 and 4)
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`and a forehead pad 112, 112', the crown pad 111 being
`In the Drawings:
`the same, or similar to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
`FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a prior art
`3,609,764, and the forehead pads 112, 112' being a con
`protective helmet;
`ventional pad structure, adapted to be disposed between
`FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along
`the forehead of the wearer and the front of the helmet
`55
`lines 2-2 of FIG. 1, the protective helmet being pro
`100, 101.
`vided with a liner in accordance with the present inven
`With reference to FIGS. 2, 5, and 6, liner 110 is seen
`tion;
`to include at least one sheet 115 of sound deadening
`FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a helmet
`material having a periphery surface 116 which con
`taken along lines 3-3 of FIG. 4 in accordance with the
`forms to, and fits within, the spaces 107 between pad
`present invention;
`structures 104. The at least one sheet 115 of sound dead
`FIG. 4 is a bottom view of a protective helmet, in
`ening material has an upper and a lower surface 117,
`accordance with the present invention, and provided
`118, the lower surface 118 being adapted to be disposed
`with the liner of the present invention.
`adjacent the interior surface 103 of the helmet shell 102.
`FIG. 5 is a plan view of a liner in accordance with the
`The upper surface 117 of the at least one sheet 115 of
`present invention;
`sound deadening material is adapted to be spaced from
`FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 6-6
`the interior surface 103 of the helmet shell 102. The
`height of the at least one sheet 115 of sound deadening
`of FIG. 5:
`
`35
`
`50
`
`60
`
`65
`
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`

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`10
`
`15
`
`5,035,009
`6
`5
`plurality of raised projections 120 disposed on the upper
`material is less than the height of pad structures 104,
`whereby the upper surface 117 of the sheet 115 of sound
`surface 117 of sheets 115, 115". Each projection 120 is
`preferably spaced from adjacent projections 120 and
`deadening material is spaced a smaller distance from the
`separated therefrom by a portion of the at least one
`interior surface 103 of the helmet shell 102 than the
`outer surfaces 105 of the pad structures 104. In this
`sheet 115, 115" of sound deadening material having a
`regard, it should be noted that liners 110, 110' are not
`reduced thickness portion 121, whereby the at least one
`intended, nor designed, to absorb impact forces, and it is
`sheet of material 115, 115" may be flexed and bent along
`not contemplated that the skull of the wearer of helmets
`the reduced thickness region 121 of sheets 115, 115".
`100, 101 will ever contact liners 110, 110', except possi
`Thus the liners 110, 110' may readily conform to, and fit
`bly for an extremely short period of time upon a sub
`within, the spaces 107 between the pad structures 104,
`stantial impact force being encountered. Rather, any
`in the case of helmet 100 of FIGS. 1 and 2, or within the
`impact forces sustained are intended to be absorbed by
`spaces 107 between the pad structures 104, 112', and 111
`pad structures 104, 111, 112 and 112'. It is more likely
`in the case of the helmet 101 of FIGS. 3 and 4. Prefera
`that only the hair of the wearer of helmets 100, 101
`bly, liners 110, 110' are formed as a single, integral sheet
`might contact the upper surface 117 of liners 110, 110'.
`115, 115", of sound deadening material by a compression
`It is intended that liners 110, 110', after being inserted
`molding process. Although raised projections 120 are
`into helmets 100, 101, the sound deadening material
`illustrated as having a generally rectangular cross-sec
`forming liners 110, 110' will serve to reduce within
`tional configuration, they could have many other cross
`helmets 100, 101 the noise caused by vibrational forces
`sectional configurations.
`and by helmets 100, 101 sustaining an impact, as well as
`Preferably, each sheet 115, 115 of sound deadening
`reduce the echo effects of sound within helmets 100,
`130' adapted to be disposed between some of the pad
`101. Although not illustrated for drawing clarity in
`structures 104 to position the liner 110, 110' within the
`FIG. 2, the periphery surfaces 116 of liner 110 snugly
`protective helmets 100, 101. Preferably as seen in FIGS.
`fits within the spaces 107 between pad structures 104,
`5 and 7, each liner 110, 110' is provided with three
`with a slight frictional fit, whereby such slight frictional
`positioning members 130. The positioning members 130
`fit serves to hold liner 110 in place. Preferably, liner 110
`of liner 110 are seen to be disposed between rows 113 of
`does not extend below the row 114 (FIGS. 1 and 2) of
`pad structures 104, and between rows 113 and 114 of
`pad structures 104, but rather is disposed above row 114
`pad structures 104, as seen in FIG. 2. Positioning mem
`of pad structures 104 and between the rows 113 of pad
`bers 130' of liner 110' are seen to be disposed between
`structures 104, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
`pad structures 104, as seen in FIG. 4.
`Similarly, with respect to FIGS. 3, 4, 7, and 8, liner
`It is to be understood that the invention is not limited
`110' includes at least one sheet 115" of sound deadening
`to the exact details of construction, operation, exact
`material having a periphery surface 116' which con
`materials, or embodiments shown and described as ob
`forms to, and fits within, the spaces 107" between the
`vious modifications and equivalents will be apparent to
`pad structures 104. The liner 110' also has an upper and
`one skilled in the art; for example, the adjacent projec
`a lower surface 117, 118, and the thickness of liner 110'
`tions on the liners can have different heights. Accord
`is the same as that of liner 110 previously described.
`ingly, the invention is therefore to be limited only by
`Liner 110' fits snugly within spaces 107 disposed be
`the scope of the appended claims.
`tween pad structures 104 and the forehead pad 112' and
`We claim:
`crown pad 111, as seen in FIG. 4.
`40
`1. For use in a protective helmet having an interior
`With reference to FIGS. 5-8, liners 110, 110', are
`surface, portions of the interior surface having pad
`preferably formed of a sound deadening material which
`structures having outer surfaces spaced from the inte
`is a plastic material. A plastic material not only provides
`rior surface of the helmet and disposed thereon in a
`the desired sound dampening and deadening character
`spaced relationship, and other portions of the interior
`istics required, but is also readily inserted within hel
`45
`surface being exposed in the spaces between the pad
`mets 100, 101, and can be snugly received within spaces
`structures, a replaceable, removable liner comprising:
`107, with a slight frictional fit, as previously described.
`at least one sheet of sound deadening material having
`The plastic material may preferably be a plastic foam
`a peripheral surface conforming to, and fitting
`material which preferably may be a closed cell plastic
`within, the spaces between the pad structures; and
`foam material. One suitable example of such a closed
`the at least one sheet of material having an upper and
`cell plastic foam material is a cross-linked polyethylene
`a lower surface, the lower surface being disposed
`closed cell foam. Such material further has the ability to
`adjacent the interior surface of the helmet, the
`be readily wiped off to be cleaned, when necessary, as
`upper surface being spaced from the interior sur
`well as does not have a tendency to absorb any mois
`face of the helmet, the upper surface of the at least
`ture. However, any other plastic material or plastic
`55
`one sheet of material being spaced a smaller dis
`foam material having the requisite sound dampening,
`flexibility, and liquid non-absorption characteristics
`tance from the interior surface of the helmet than
`the outer surfaces of the pad structures, whereby
`may be utilized. Thus, liners 110, 110', are able to pro
`the liner may be inserted in the helmet and reduce
`vide a clean and sanitary appearance for the interior of
`helmets 100, 110, and in particular prevent foreign sub- 60
`the transmission of sound within the helmet.
`2. The liner of claim 1, wherein the sound deadening
`stances, such as chemicals contained in hair prepara
`material is a plastic material.
`tions worn by the wearer of helmets 100, 110, from
`3. The liner of claim 2, wherein the plastic material is
`contacting the interior surface 103 of helmet shell 102.
`a plastic foam material.
`Furthermore, when desired, the liners 110, 110, may be
`4. The liner of claim 3, wherein the plastic foam mate
`readily removed from helmets 100, 101, and a new liner
`rial is a closed cell plastic foam material.
`110, 110' may be readily inserted.
`5. The liner of claim 4, wherein the closed cell plastic
`Still with reference to FIG. 5-8, each at least one
`foam material is cross-linked polyethylene.
`sheet 115, 115 of Sound deadening material may have a
`
`50
`
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`
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`
`65
`
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`5,035,009
`8
`7
`distance from the interior surface of the helmet
`6. The liner of claim 1, wherein the at least one sheet
`of Sound deadening material has a plurality of raised
`shell than the outer surfaces of the pad structures,
`whereby the liner may be inserted in the helmet
`projections on its upper surface.
`shell and reduce the transmission of sound within
`7. The liner of claim 6, wherein each projection is
`spaced from adjacent projections and separated there
`the helmet shell.
`12. The protective helmet of claim 11, wherein the
`from by a portion of the at least one sheet having a
`sound deadening material is a plastic material.
`reduced thickness, and the sheet of material may be
`13. The protective helmet of claim 12, wherein the
`flexed and bent along the reduced thickness portions of
`plastic material is a plastic foam material.
`the sheet, whereby the liner readily conforms to, and
`14. The protective helmet of claim 13, wherein the
`fits within, the spaces between the pad structures.
`plastic foam material is a closed cell plastic foam mate
`8. The liner of claim 7 wherein the liner is formed of
`a single, integral sheet of sound deadening material.
`rial.
`15. The protective helmet of claim 14, wherein the
`9. The liner of claim 1, wherein the at least one sheet
`closed cell plastic foam material is cross-linked polyeth
`of sound deadening material includes at least one posi
`ylene.
`tioning member extending outwardly from the periph
`16. The protective helmet of claim 11, wherein the at
`eral surface, the at least one positioning member being
`least one sheet of sound deadening material has a plural
`disposed between some of the pad structures to position
`ity of raised projections on its upper surface.
`the liner within the protective helmet.
`17. The protective helmet of claim 16, wherein each
`10. The liner of claim 9, wherein there are three pe
`projection is spaced from adjacent projections and sepa
`ripheral positioning members.
`11. A protective helmet, comprising:
`rated therefrom by a portion of the at least one sheet
`having a reduced thickness, and the sheet of material
`a helmet shell having an interior surface, portions of
`may be flexed and bent along the reduced thickness
`the interior surface having pad structures having
`portions of the sheet, whereby the liner readily con
`outer surfaces spaced from the interior surface of
`forms to, and fits within, the spaces between the pad
`the helmet shell and disposed thereon in a spaced
`25
`relationship, other portions of the interior surface
`StructureS,
`18. The protective helmet of claim 17 wherein the
`being exposed in the spaces between the pad struc
`liner is formed of a single, integral sheet of sound dead
`ture;
`ening material.
`a replaceable, removable liner for the helmet shell,
`19. The protective helmet of claim 11, wherein the at
`the liner including at least one sheet of sound dead
`30
`least one sheet of Sound deadening material includes at
`ening material having a peripheral surface con
`least one positioning member extending outwardly from
`forming to, and fitting within, the spaces between
`the peripheral Surface, the at least one positioning mem
`the pad structures; and
`ber adapted to be disposed between some of the pad
`the at least one sheet of material having an upper and
`structures to position the liner within the protective
`a lower surface, the lower surface being disposed
`adjacent the interior surface of the helmet shell, the
`helmet.
`20. The protective helmet of claim 19, wherein there
`upper surface being spaced from the interior sur
`are three peripheral positioning members.
`face of the helmet shell, the upper surface of the at
`least one sheet of material being spaced a smaller
`
`k
`
`xk
`
`xk
`
`ck
`
`ck
`
`15
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`MacNeil Exhibit 2171
`Yita v. MacNeil IP, IPR2020-01139, Page 9
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`