Oxford
`Compact
`English
`Dictionary
`
`IPR2020-01139
`
`The World’s'Most Trusted) Dictionaries
`
`EX1031
`Yita v. MacNeil
`
`Ove L435 UUW
`
`FOR REFERENCE
`
`Do Not Take From This Room
`
`0001
`
`EX1031
`Yita v. MacNeil
`IPR2020-01139
`
`

`

`
`
`Peee
`OXFORD
`UNIVERSITY PRESS
`Great ClarendonStreet, Oxford 0x2 6DP
`Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
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`British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
`Data available
`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`The Oxford Compact English Dictionary—2nd ed./edited by Catherine Soanes.
`1. English language—21st century—Dictionaries.
`2. English language—New words—Dictionaries.
`I. Soanes, Catherine I.
`PE1628.08634
`1996 423—dc20
`96-24623
`ISBN 0-19-860334-7
`
`1098765432
`Typeset in Arial and Nimrod
`by Interactive Sciences Ltd, Gloucester
`Printed in Great Britain by
`Mackaysof Chatham ple
`
`$n
`
`0002
`
`0002
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`Preface
`
`Guideto the use of the dictionary
`
`Abbreviations used in the dictionary
`
`Note on trademarks and proprietary status
`
`The Oxford Compact English Dictionary
`
`.
`
`iv
`
`V
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`xi
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`xi
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`1
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`0003
`
`0003
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`

`

`Preface
`
`entries is easy to do.
`
`The Oxford Compact English Dictionary is a compact edition of the renowned
`Concise Oxford Dictionary (10th edition). It aims to provide comprehensive, Up-
`to-date, and accessible informationonthe vocabulary of contemporaryEnglish
`ina single conveniently sized volume.
`The second edition of the Oxford Compact English Dictionary is part of the
`range of new generation dictionaries based on the New Oxford Dictionary of
`English. Thetextis directly informedbytheevidenceof howthelanguageis ac-
`tually used today, drawing on the analysis of hundredsof millions of words of
`realEnglishcarriedoutforNODE. This informationispresentedinaclear, con-
`cise, and accessible way; definitions focus on the core meanings of words and
`avoid technical terms and multiple sense divisions. An open layout, with each
`new section of an entry (parts of speech, phrases, derivatives, usage notes,and
`etymologies)onanewline,ensuresthatfindingindividualsections, senses, and
`The dictionary covers abroadrange of vocabulary, concentrating onthe stan-
`dardcore of English as an internationallanguage, put also including awide se-
`lection of terms used in technical, specialist, and literary contexts, making it
`particularly useful for study as well as general use.
`Pronunciations are givenusinga simplerespelling systemratherthantheIn-
`ternational Phonetic Alphabet, making them more readily comprehensible to
`the non-linguist. Greater clarity has also been introduced into etymologies,
`whichhighlight sense development and rootwords. Language namesand other
`abbreviations are written out in full and technical vocabulary has been sim-
`plified and kept toaminimum.
`The dictionary providesovertwohundredusage noteswithinthetext, giving
`clear guidance on difficult and controversial points of grammar and usage.
`The editor is grateful to Richard Jones for his work as an. editorial assistant
`and to Susan Wilkin, who provided pronunciations.
`
` Ceee
`
`
`
`0004
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`0005
`
`— DERIVATIVES substantively adverb.
`substation e noun 14 a set of equipment redu-
`cing the high voltageof electrical powertrans-
`mission to
`that
`suitable
`for
`supply to
`consumers. 2 a subordinate police station or
`fire station.
`e@ noun Chemistry
`substituent /sabstityooant/
`an atom or group of atomstaking the place of
`another or occupying a specified position ina
`molecule.
`substitute e noun 4 a person or thing acting
`or serving in place of another. 2a sports player
`eligible to replace another after a match has
`begun.
`@ verb 1 use, add, or serve in placeof. 2 replace
`with another. 3 replace(a sports player) witha
`substitute during a match.
`~— DERIVATIVES substitutable adjective. substitu-
`tion noun substitutive adjective.
`
`subsidy | subtitle
`1148
`
`partof the cost of producing (something) to re-
`duceits price.
`— DERIVATIVES subsidization noun.
`subsidy enoun (pl. subsidies) 1 a sum of
`money granted from public funds to help an
`industry or business keep the price of a com-
`modity or service low. 2 a sum of money
`granted to support an undertaking held to be
`in the public interest. 3 a grant or contribution
`of money. 4 historical a parliamentary grant to
`the sovereign for state needs.
`— ORIGIN Latin subsidium ‘assistance’,
`subsist everb 1 maintain or support oneself,
`especially at a minimal level. 2 chiefly Law re-
`mainin being,force, or effect. 3 (subsistin) be
`attributable to.
`— ORIGIN Latin subsistere ‘stand firm’.
`subsistence enoun 1 the action or fact of
`subsisting. 2 the meansof doing this. 3 (before
`another noun) referring to production at a level
`sufficient only for one’s own use, without any
`surplusfor trade: subsistence agriculture.
`Traditionally, substitute is followed by for and
`subsistence level
`(also
`subsistence
`means ‘put (someone or something) in place of
`another’, as in she substituted the fake vase for
`wage) @noun a standard of living (or wage)
`the real one. |t may also be used with with or by
`that provides only the bare necessitiesoflife.
`‘to mean feplace(something) with something
`subsoil enoun the soil
`lying immediately
`else’, as in she substituted the real vase with the
`underthe surfacesoil.
`fake one, This can be confusing, since the two
`subsonic@adjective relating to or flying ata
`sentences shown above mean the same thing,
`speed or speedsless than that of sound.
`yet the object of the verb and the object of the
`subspace enoun 4 Mathematics a space that is
`preposition have swappedpositions. Despite the
`wholly contained in another space. 2 (in sci-
`_ potential confusion, the second, neweruse is
`ence fiction) a hypothetical space-time con-
`acceptable, although still disapprovedof by some
`tinuum used for communication at a speed
`- people.Se
`faster than thatoflight.
`subspeciese@noun (pl. same) Biology a subdiv-
`~ ORIGIN Latin substituere ‘put in place of’.
`ision of a species, usually a geographically
`substrate /substrayt/ @ noun 4 the surface or
`isolated variety. .
`material on which an organismlives, grows, or
`substance e noun 1 a particular kind of mat-
`feeds. 2 the substance on which an enzyme
`acts.
`ter with uniform properties. 2 the real phys-
`ical matter of which a person or thing consists.
`— ORIGIN anglicized form of suBSTRATUM.
`3 solid basis in reality or fact: the claim has no
`an
`1.
`substratum enoun (pl. substrata)
`substance. 4 the quality of being important,
`underlying layer or substance, in particular a
`valid, or significant. 5 the most important or
`layer of rock or soil beneath the surface of the
`essential part or meaning. 6 the subject matter
`ground. 2 a foundation orbasis.
`of a text or work of art. 7 an intoxicating or
`substructure enoun an underlying or sup-
`narcotic drug.
`porting structure.
`~ PHRASESin substanceessentially.
`subsumeeverb include or absorb in some-
`~ ORIGIN Latin substantia ‘being, essence’, from
`thingelse.
`substare ‘stand firm’.
`— DERIVATIVES subsumableadjective.
`substandardeadjective below the usual or
`— ORIGIN Latin subsumere, from sumere ‘take’.
`required standard.
`subtenant e noun a person wholeases prop-
`substantialeadjective 4 of considerable im-
`erty from a tenant.
`portance, size, or worth. 2 strongly built or
`subtend everb (of a line, arc, etc.) form (an
`made. 3 concerning the essentials of some-
`angle) at a particular point when straight lines
`thing. 4 real and tangible rather than imagin-
`fromits extremities meet.
`ary.
`— ORIGIN Latin
`subtendere,
`‘stretch’.
`— DERIVATIVES substantiality noun.
`substantially @ adverb 1 to a great or signifi-
`subterfuge /subtarfyooj/ @ noun a trick or de-
`cant extent. 2 for the mostpart; essentially.
`ception used in order to achieve one’s goal.
`substantiate /sabstanshiayt/ @ verb provide
`— ORIGIN from Latin subterfugere ‘escape se-
`evidence to support or prove the truthof.
`cretly’.
`— DERIVATIVES substantiation noun.
`subterranean /subtaraynian/ @ adjective ex-
`~ ORIGIN Latin substantiare ‘give substance’,
`isting or occurring underthe earth’s surface.
`substantive /substontiv/ @ adjective
`/also
`— ORIGIN Latin subterraneus, from terra ‘earth’.
`sabstantiv/ 1 having a firm basis in reality and
`subtext @ noun an underlying theme ina piece
`so important or meaningful. 2 having a separ-
`of writing or speech.
`ate and independentexistence. 3 (of law) de-
`(subtitles) captions dis-
`subtitle enoun 1
`fining rights and duties as opposed to giving
`played at the bottom of a cinemaortelevision
`the rules by which such things are estab-
`screen that translate or transcribe the dialogue
`lished.
`or narrative. 2 a subordinate title of a pub-
`@ noun Grammar, dated a noun.
`lished work.
`
`from tendere
`
`0005
`
`

`

`unguent | unimportant
`
`4261opeeetlccimcs
`
`unguentum,
`
`from unguere
`
`recognized or
`
`Uniate /yooniayt/ (also Uniat /yooniat/) @ ad-
`a guard. 2 not well considered; careless.
`jective denoting any Christian community in
`unguent /unggwont/ @noun a soft greasy or
`eastern Europe or the Near East acknowledg-
`viscous substance used as ointment or for lu-
`brication.
`ing papal supremacy but with its ownliturgy.
`— ORIGIN Russian uniat, from Latin unio ‘unity’.
`— ORIGIN Latin
`‘anoint’.
`unicameral /yoonikammorol/ @ adjective (of a
`legislative body) having a single legislative
`ungulate /unggyoolot, -layt/ @ noun Zoology a
`chamber.
`hoofed mammal.
`— ORIGIN from Latin camera ‘chamber’.
`_ ORIGIN Latin uwngulatus, from ungula ‘hoof’.
`UNICEF /yoonisef/ @ abbreviation United Na-
`unhand everb archaic or humorous release from
`tions Children’s
`(originally
`International
`one’s grasp.
`Children’s Emergency) Fund.
`unhappy@adjective (unhappier, unhappiest)
`4 not happy. 2 unfortunate.
`unicellular @ adjective Biology consisting of a
`single cell.
`— DERIVATIVES unhappily adverb unhappiness
`noun.
`unicorn @ noun a mythical animal represented
`as a horse with a single straight horn project-
`unharmed@adjective not harmed; uninjured.
`ing from its forehead.
`unharness@verb remove a harnessfrom.
`— ORIGIN Latin wnicornis, from cornu ‘horn’.
`unhatchedeadjective not yet hatched.
`unicycle e@noun a cycle with a single wheel,
`UNHCR eabbreviation United Nations High
`chiefly used by acrobats.
`Commission for Refugees.
`— DERIVATIVES unicyclist noun.
`un-
`(unhealthier,
`unhealthy
`adjective
`unidentifiable e@ adjective unable to be iden-
`healthiest) 1 in poor health. 2 not conducive
`tified.
`‘
`to health.
`unidentified e@ adjective not
`— DERIVATIVES unhealthily adverb unhealthiness
`identified.
`noun.
`unidiomatic e@ adjective not using or contain-
`unheard @ adjective 1 not heard or listened to.
`ing expressions natural to a native speakerof a
`2 (unheard of) previously unknown.
`language.
`unheated @ adjective not heated.
`unidirectionale@adjective moving or operat-
`unheeded eadjective heard or noticed but
`ing in a single direction.
`disregarded.
`unification @noun the process of being uni-
`unheeding@adjective not paying attention.
`fied.
`unhelpful e adjective not helpful.
`Unification Church e noun an evangelistic
`— DERIVATIVES unhelpfully adverb unhelpfulness
`noun.
`religious and political organization founded in
`1954 in Korea by Sun Myung Moon.
`unheralded eadjective not previously an-
`uniform @ adjective not varying in form or
`nounced, expected, or recognized.
`character;
`the same in all cases and at all
`unhesitating e adjective without doubt or
`times.
`hesitation.
`@noun the distinctive clothing worn by mem-
`— DERIVATIVES unhesitatingly adverb.
`bers of the same organization or body or by
`unhinge everb 1 make mentally unbalanced.
`children attending certain schools.
`2 take (a door)off its hinges.
`- DERIVATIVES uniformed adjective uniformity
`in accordance
`unhistorical
`e@adjective not
`noun uniformly adverb.
`with history or historical analysis.
`— ORIGIN Latin uniformis.
`— DERIVATIVES unhistorically adverb.
`unify /yoonifi/ © verb (unifies, unified) make or
`unhitch e verb unhookor unfasten.
`become united or uniform.
`— DERIVATIVES unifier noun.
`unholy@adjective (unholier, unholiest) 1 sin-
`ful; wicked. 2 (of an alliance) unnatural and
`— ORIGIN Latin unificare.
`potentially harmful. 3 informal dreadful: an un-
`unilateral e@ adjective 1 performedby oraffect-
`holy row.
`ing only oneperson,group,etc. 2 relating to or
`unhook e@verb unfasten or detach (something
`affecting only one side of an organ, the body,
`etc.
`held by a hook).
`— DERIVATIVES unilateralism noun unilateralist
`unhopede@adjective (unhoped for) exceeding
`hope or expectation.
`noun & adjective unilaterally adverb.
`unhorse e@verb drag or cause to fall from a
`unimaginableeadjective impossible to im-
`horse.
`t
`agine or comprehend.
`— DERIVATIVES unimaginably adverb.
`unhousedeadjective having no accommoda-
`tion or shelter.
`unimaginative e adjective not using or dis-
`unhurriede@adjective moving, acting, or tak-
`playing imagination; stolid and dull.
`ing place without haste or urgency.
`— DERIVATIVES unimaginatively adverb.
`~— DERIVATIVES unhurriedly adverb.
`unimpaired @ adjective not weakened or dam-
`aged.
`unhurt @ adjective not hurt or harmed.
`unhygienic @ adjective not hygienic.
`unimpeachable
`— DERIVATIVES unhygienically adverb.
`proach.
`— DERIVATIVES unimpeachablyadverb.
`unhyphenatedeadjective not written with a
`hyphen.
`unimpeded @ adjective not obstructed or hin-
`dered.
`UNI @ noun (pl. Unis) informal University.
`Uni- @ combining form one; having or consisting of
`unimportanteadjective lacking in import-
`ance.
`one: unicycle.
`~ ORIGIN from Latin uwnus.
`— DERIVATIVES unimportancenoun.
`
`beyond
`
` re-
`
`adjective
`
`0006
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`0006
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`

`

`1250
`ullage | umbrage
`
`2 relating to an ultramicroscope.
`sing. or pl.) a body of Muslim scholars recognized
`as expert in Islamic sacred law andtheology.
`ultramontane /ultramontayn/ @ adjective
`2 a memberof an ulema.
`4 advocating supreme papal authority in mat-
`— ORIGIN Arabic, ultimately from a word mean-
`ters of faith and discipline. 2 situated on the
`ing ‘know’.
`otherside of the Alps from the point of view of
`the speaker.
`ullage /ullij/ @ noun 1 the amount by which a
`@noun an advocate of supreme papal author-
`container falls short of being full. 2 loss ofli-
`ity.
`quid by evaporation or leakage.
`— DERIVATIVES ultramontanism noun.
`— ORIGIN from Old French ewillier ‘fill up’, from
`— ORIGIN originally referring to a representative
`Latin oculus ‘eye’ (with reference to a con-
`of the Roman Catholic Church north of the
`tainer’s bunghole).
`Alps: from Latin ultra ‘beyond’ + mons ‘moun-
`ulna /ulna/ @ noun (pl. ulnae /ulnee/ or ulmas) a
`tain’.
`bone of the forearm or forelimb, in humansthe
`thinner and longer of the two.
`ultrasonic @ adjective involving sound waves
`with a frequency above the upper limit of
`— DERIVATIVES ulnaradjective.
`humanhearing.
`— ORIGIN Latin, related to ELL.
`U-lock @ noun another term for D-Lock.
`— DERIVATIVESultrasonically adverb.
`ultrasonics e plural noun 1 (treated as sing.) the
`ulster e@noun a man’s long, loose overcoat of
`science and application of ultrasonic waves.
`rough cloth.
`2 (treated as sing. or pl.) ultrasound.
`— ORIGIN from Ulster in Ireland, where it was ori-
`ultrasound @ noun soundor other vibrations
`ginally sold.
`having an ultrasonic frequency, particularly as
`Ulsterman (or Ulsterwoman) @ noun a native
`or inhabitant of Northern Ireland or Ulster.
`used in medical imaging.
`ultraviolet e@ noun electromagnetic radiation
`ulterior @ adjective 1 other than what is obvi-
`ous or admitted: she had some ulterior motive
`having a wavelength just shorter than that of
`violet light but longer than that of X-rays.
`in coming. 2 beyond what
`is immediate or
`@ adjective denoting such radiation.
`present.
`ultra vires /ultra vireez/ © adjective & adverb
`— ORIGIN Latin, ‘further, more distant’.
`Law beyond one’s legal power or authority.
`ultimate e@ adjective 1 being or happening at
`— ORIGIN Latin, ‘beyond the powers’.
`the end of a process. 2 being the best or most
`ululate /yoolyoolayt, ul-/ @ verb howl or wail.
`extreme example ofits kind: the ultimate accol-
`— DERIVATIVES ululation noun.
`ade. 3 basic or fundamental.
`— ORIGIN Latin ululare ‘howl, shriek’.
`@noun 1 (the ultimate) the best achievable or
`imaginableofits kind. 2 a final or fundamental
`umbel /umb’l/ @ noun Botany a flowercluster in
`whichstalks spring from a commoncentre and
`fact or principle.
`4
`form a flat or curved surface.
`— DERIVATIVES ultimacy noun ultimately adverb.
`— ORIGIN Latin ultimatus, from ultimare ‘come to
`— DERIVATIVES umbellate adjective.
`an end’.
`— ORIGIN Latin umbella ‘sunshade’.
`ultima Thule e@noun a distant unknown re-
`umbellifer /umbellifar/ @ noun Botany a plant of
`gion; the extreme limit of travel and discov-
`the parsley family (Umbelliferae).
`ery.
`— DERIVATIVES umbelliferousadjective.
`— ORIGIN Latin, ‘furthest Thule’, a country to the
`umber /umbor/ @ noun a natural pigment, nor-
`north of Britain (probably Norway) believed by
`mally dark yellowish-brown in colour (raw
`ancient Greeks and Romans to be the north-
`umber) or dark brown whenroasted (burnt
`ernmostpart of the world.
`umber).
`— ORIGIN from French terre d’ombre, ‘earth of
`ultimatum=/ultimaytem/ @noun (pl. ulti-
`
`matums or ultimata /ultimayta/) a final de-
`shadow’, from Latin umbra ‘shadow’ or Umbra
`‘Umbrian’
`.
`mand or statement of terms, the rejection of
`which will result in retaliation or a breakdown
`umbilical
`/umbillik’l, umbilik’l/ @ adjective
`in relations.
`relating to or affecting the navel or umbilical
`cord.
`— ORIGIN Latin, ‘thing that has come to an end’.
`ultirra informal @ adverb very.
`— DERIVATIVES umbilically adverb.
`@ noun an extremist.
`umbilical cord enoun a flexible cord-like
`ultra- @ prefix 1 beyond; on the other side of:
`structure containing blood vessels, attaching a
`ultramontane. 2 extreme;
`to an extreme de-
`fetus to the placenta duringgestation.
`gree: ultramicroscopic.
`umbilicus /umbillikess, umbilikess/ @ noun
`— ORIGIN Latin ultra ‘beyond’.
`(pl. umbilici /umbillisi, umbilisi/ or umbilic-
`ultra-high frequency enoun a radio fre-
`uses) 1 Anatomy the navel. 2 Zoology a central de-
`quency in the range 300 to 3,000 megahertz.
`pression or hole
`in the whorl of
`some
`gastropod molluscs and many ammonites.
`ultramarine @noun 1 a brilliant deep blue
`— ORIGIN Latin.
`pigment originally obtained from lapis lazuli.
`2. a brilliant deep blue colour.
`umbra /umbroa/ @ noun (pl. umbras or umbrae
`azzurro
`—orIcIN.
`from obsolete
`Italian
`/umbree/) 1 the fully shaded inner region of a
`oltramarino ‘azure from overseas’ (because the
`shadow, especially the area on the earth or
`lapis
`lazuli was
`imported),
`from Latin
`moon experiencing totality in an eclipse. 2 As-
`ultramarinus ‘beyondthesea’.
`tronomy the dark central part of a sunspot.
`- DERIVATIVES umbraladjective.
`ultramicroscope enoun an optical micro-
`— ORIGIN Latin, ‘shade’.
`scope used to detect very small particles by ob-
`serving light scattered from them.
`umbrage /umbrij/ @ noun (in phrase take um-
`brage) offence or annoyance.
`ultramicroscopice@adjective 1 too small to
`— ORIGIN originally in the sense ‘shade or
`be seen by an ordinary optical microscope.
`
`
`
`0007
`
`0007
`
`

`

`yr)
`Im @serorre!
`zCompact
`
`The essential language
`reference for everyday use
`
`This completely new edition of The Oxford Compact
`English Dictionaryis the ideal comprehensive and
`affordable hardback dictionary for office, study, and
`home use.
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`www.oup.com
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`ETS
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`Over 145,000 words, phrases, and definitions provide
`comprehensive coverage of everyday English
`
`ICI
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`efinition:
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`Meaningsaregiven in a plain and straightforward style
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`1elp
`Pronunciations are givenfor difficult words, using a simple
`respelling system
`
`Usagenotesgive guidanceon points of grammar, usage,
`and spelling
`
`ice
`
`on word origin:
`
`Concise and useful information on interesting aspects of
`word origins is provided, avoiding technical terminology
`
`The newlayout, with different elements starting on anew
`line, makesthe dictionary even easier to use
`
`UNIVERSITY PRESS
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`ISBN 0-19-860334-7
`
`MilIMIN780198
`
`£12.99 rrp
`
`0008
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