Oxford
`Compact
`English
`Dictlonary
`
`"k1’t“y’
`
`“5",“ "
`
`FOR REFERENCE
`
`Do Not Take From This Room
`
`
`
`The World ’5 Most Trusted Dictionaries
`
`EX1031
`
`Yita V. MacNeil
`
`IPR2020-01139
`
`0001
`
`EX1031
`Yita v. MacNeil
`IPR2020-01139
`
`

`

`
`
`//
`OXFORD
`UNIVERSITY PRESS
`
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`British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
`Data available
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`The Oxford Compact English Dictionary—2nd ed./edited by Catherine Soanes.
`1. English language—21st century—Dictionaries.
`2. English language—New words~Dictionaries.
`I. Soanes, Catherine I.
`PE1628.08634
`1996 423—dc20
`ISBN 0-19-860334-7
`
`96-24623
`
`10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
`
`Typeset in Arial and Nimrod
`by Interactive Sciences Ltd, Gloucester
`Printed in Great Britain by
`Mackays of Chatham plc
`
`0002
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`0002
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`

`

`Contents
`
`Preface
`
`Guide to the use of the dictionary
`
`Abbreviations used in the dictionary
`
`Note on trademarks and proprietary status
`
`The Oxford Compact English Dictionary
`
`‘
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`iv
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`v
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`xi
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`Xi
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`1
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`

`

`ms to provide comprehensive, up-
`Concise Oxford Dictionary (10th edition). It ai
`to-date, and accessible information on the vocabulary of contemporary English
`in a single conveniently sized volume.
`The second edition of the Oxford Compact English Dictionary is part of the
`range of new generation dictionaries based on the New Oxford Dictionary of
`English. The text is directly informedby the evidence of how the language is ac-
`the analysis of hundreds of millions of words of
`tually used today, drawing on
`realEnglish carried outfor NODE. This information is presented in a clear, con-
`cise, and accessible way; definitions focus on the core meanings of words and
`avoid technical terms and multiple sense divisions. An open layout, with each
`new section of an entry (par
`rivatives, usage notes,'and
`etymologies) onanewline, ensuresthatfinding individual sections, senses, and
`entries is easy to do.
`lary, concentrating on the stan—
`The dictionary covers a broad range of vocabu
`e, but also including a wide se-
`ational languag
`dard core of English as an intern
`s, making it
`lection of terms used in technical, specialist, and literary context
`particularly useful for study as well as general use.
`Pronunciations are given using a simple respelling system rather than the In-
`ternational Phonetic Alphabet, making them more readily comprehensible to
`the non-linguist. Greater clarity has also been introduced into etymologies,
`which highlight sense development and root words. Language names and other
`abbreviations are written ou
`y has been sim-
`t in full and technical vocabular
`plified and kept to a minimum.
`The dictionary provides over two hundred usage notes within the text, giving
`clear guidance on difficult and controversial points of grammar and usage.
`The editor is grateful to Richard Jones for his work as an editorial assistant
`and to Susan Wilkin, who provided pronunciations.
`
` The Oxford Compact English Dictionary is a compact edition of the renowned
`
`
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`0004
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`

`

`
`
`subsidy | subtitle
`1148
`
`part of the cost of producing (something) to re-
`duce its price.
`— DERIVATIVES subsidization noun.
`subsidy Onoun (pl. subsidies) 1 a sum of
`money granted from public funds to help an
`industry or business keep the price of a com’
`modity or service low. 2 a sum of money
`granted to support an undertaking held to be
`in the public interest. 3 a grant or contribution
`of money. 4 historical a parliamentary grant to
`the sovereign for state needs.
`— ORIGIN Latin subsidium ‘assistance’.
`subsist Overb 1 maintain or support oneself,
`especially at a minimal level. 2 chiefly Law re,
`main in being, force, or effect. 3 (subsist in) be
`attributable to.
`— ORIGIN Latin subsistere ‘stand firm'.
`subsistence Onoun 1 the action or fact of
`subsisting. 2 the means of doing this. 3 (before
`another noun) referring to production at a level
`sufficient only for one’s own use, without any
`surplus for trade: subsistence agriculture.
`subsistence level
`(also
`subsistence
`wage) Onoun a standard of living (or wage)
`that provides only the bare necessities of life.
`subsoil o noun the soil
`lying immediately
`under the surface soil.
`
`— DERIVATIVES substantively adverb.
`substation o noun 1 a set of equipment redu—
`cing the high voltage of electrical power trans
`mission to
`that
`suitable
`for
`supply to
`consumers. 2 a subordinate police station or
`fire station.
`
`substituent /sabstityooent/ o noun Chemistry
`an atom or group of atoms taking the place of
`another or occupying a specified position in a
`molecule.
`
`substitute Onoun 1 a person or thing acting
`or serving in place of another. 2 a sports player
`eligible to replace another after a match has
`begun.
`o verb 1 use, add, or serve in place of. 2 replace
`with another. 3 replace (a sports player) with a
`substitute during a match.
`— DERIVATIVES substitutable adjectivesubstitu—
`tion noun substitutlve adjective.
`
`Traditionally; substitute is followed by for and
`means ‘put (someone or something} in place of
`another, as in she substituted the, fake vase a:
`the me! one. it may atso be used with with or by
`‘sto mean replace, (something) with something
`else', as in she substituted the teat vase with the
`fake one. This can be confusing. since the two .
`sentences shown above mean the same thing.
`yet the obieot of the vein and the object of the
`preposition have swapped positions. Despite the
`. potenttai confusion. the second, newer use is
`aweptabie. although still disapproved of by some
`:people.M
`
`subsonic oadjective relating to or flying at a
`speed or speeds less than that of sound.
`subspace Onoun 1 Mathematics a space that is
`wholly contained in another space. 2 (in sci-
`ence fiction) a hypothetical space—time con—
`tinuum used for communication at a speed
`faster than that of light.
`subspecies onoun (pl. same) Biology at subdiv—
`ision of a species, usually a geographically
`isolated variety. ,
`substance 0 noun 1 a particular kind of mat-
`ter with uniform properties. 2 the real phys
`ical matter of which a person or thing consists.
`3 solid basis in reality or fact: the claim has no
`substance. 4 the quality of being important,
`valid, or significant. 5 the most important or
`essential part or meaning. 6 the subject matter
`Of a text or work of art. 7 an intoxicating or
`narcotic drug.
`— PHRASES in substance essentially
`— ORIGIN Latin substantia ‘being, essence', from
`substare ‘stand firm’.
`
`substandard oadjective below the usual or
`required standard.
`
`— ORIGIN Latin substituere ‘put in place of’.
`substrate /substrayt/ o noun 1 the surface or
`material on which an organism lives, grows, or
`feeds. 2 the substance on which an enzyme
`acts.
`
`— ORIGIN anglicized form of suasmm-um.
`an
`1
`substratum o noun
`(pl. substrata)
`underlying layer or substance, in particular a
`layer of rock or soil beneath the surface of the
`ground. 2 a foundation or basis.
`substructure Onoun an underlying or sup-
`porting structure.
`
`subsume Overb include or absorb in some—
`thing else.
`— DERIVATIVES subsumable adjective.
`— ORIGIN Latin subsumere, from sumere ‘take’.
`subtenant onoun a person who leases prop-
`erty from a tenant.
`
`subtend Overb (of a line, arc, etc.) form (an
`angle) at a particular point when straight lines
`from its extremities meet.
`— ORIGIN Latin
`subtendere,
`‘stretch’.
`
`from tendere
`
`subterfuge /subterfy66j/ o noun a trick or de'
`ception used in order to achieve one’s goal.
`— ORIGIN from Latin subterfugere ‘escape se—
`cretly’.
`
`substantial oadjective 1 of considerable im—
`portance, size, or worth. 2 strongly built or
`made. 3 concerning the essentials of some—
`thing. 4 real and tangible rather than imagin—
`ary.
`— DERIVATIVES substantiallty noun.
`substantially o adverb 1 to a great or signifi-
`cant extent. 2 for the most part; essentially.
`substantiate /sebstanshiayt/ overb provide
`evidence to support or prove the truth of.
`— DERIVATIVES substantiation noun.
`subterranean /subteraynien/ oadjective ex-
`— ORIGIN Latin substantiare ‘give substance'.
`isting or occurring under the earth’s surface.
`substantive /substentiv/ oadjective /also
`— ORIGIN Latin subterraneus, from terra ‘earth’.
`sabstantiv/ 1 having a firm basis in reality and
`subtext o noun an underlying theme in a piece
`of writing or speech.
`so important or meaningful. 2 having a separ—
`ate and independent existence. 3 (of law) de-
`subtitle o noun 1
`(subtitles) captions dis-
`fining rights and duties as opposed to giving
`played at the bottom of a cinema or television
`the rules by which such things are estab-
`lished.
`screen that translate or transcribe the dialogue
`or narrative. 2 a subordinate title of a pub—
`o noun Grammar, dated a noun.
`lished work.
`
`
`
`
`0005
`
`0005
`
`

`

`1261/,_____
`
`unguent | unimportant
`
`unguentum,
`
`from unguere
`
`a guard. 2 not well considered; careless.
`unguent /unggwant/ onoun a soft greasy or
`viscous substance used as ointment or for lu-
`brication.
`,
`, ORIGIN Latin
`‘anoint’.
`ungulate /unggyoolat, ~1ayt/ Onoun Zoology a
`hoofed mammal.
`- ORIGIN Latin ungulatus, from ungula ‘hoof’.
`unhand overb archaic or humorous release from
`one's grasp.
`unhappy oadjective (unhappier, unhappiest)
`1 not happy. 2 unfortunate.
`_ DERIVATIVES unhappily adverb unhappiness
`noun.
`
`unharmed oadjective not harmed; uninjured.
`unharness overb remove a harness from.
`unhatched o adjective not yet hatched.
`UNHCR o abbreviation United Nations High
`Commission for Refugees.
`un—
`(unhealthler,
`unhealthy
`oadjective
`healthiest) 1 in poor health. 2 not conducive
`to health.
`— DERIVATIVES unhealthily adverb unhealthiness
`noun.
`
`unheard oadjective 1 not heard or listened to.
`2 (unheard of) previously unknown.
`unheated o adjective not heated.
`unheeded oadjective heard or noticed but
`disregarded.
`unheeding o adjective not paying attention.
`unhelpful o adjective not helpful.
`— DERIVATIVES unhelpfully adverb unhelpfulness
`noun.
`
`unheralded oadjective not previously an—
`nounced, expected, or recognized.
`unhesitating oadjective without doubt or
`hesitation.
`— DERIVATIVES unhesltatlngly adverb.
`unhinge overb 1 make mentally unbalanced.
`2 take (a door) off its hinges.
`in accordance
`unhistorical oadjective not
`with history or historical analysis.
`— DERIVATIVES unhlstorically adverb.
`unhitch o verb unhook or unfasten.
`unholy oadjective (unholier, unholiest) 1 sin—
`ful; wicked. 2 (of an alliance) unnatural and
`potentially harmful. 3 informal dreadful: an un-
`holy row.
`unhook overb unfasten or detach (something
`held by a hook).
`unhoped oadjective (unhoped for) exceeding
`hope or expectation.
`unhorse overb drag or cause to fall from a
`horse.
`.
`unhoused oadjeclive having no accommoda-
`tion or shelter.
`
`unhurried oadjeclive moving, acting, or tak-
`ing place without haste or urgency.
`— DERIVATIVES unhurriedly adverb.
`unhurt .Oadjective not hurt or harmed.
`unhygienic o adjective not hygienic.
`— DERIVATIVES unhygienically adverb.
`unhyphenated o adjective not written with a
`hyphen.
`uni o noun (pl. unls) informal university.
`uni- o combining form one; having or consisting of
`one: unicycle.
`— ORIGIN from Latin unus.
`
`Uniate /yo_0niayt/ (also Uniat /yo_oniat/) oad—
`jeclive denoting any Christian community in
`eastern Europe or the Near East acknowledg—
`ing papal supremacy but with its own liturgy
`~ ORIGIN Russian uniat, from Latin unio ‘unity’.
`unicameral /y6‘onikan1maral/ oadjective (of a
`legislative body) having a single legislative
`chamber.
`— ORIGIN from Latin camera ‘chamber’.
`UNICEF /yo‘onisef/ oabbreviation United Na—
`tions Children’s
`(originally
`International
`Children’s Emergency) Fund.
`unicellular oadjective Biology consisting of a
`single cell.
`unicorn o noun a mythical animal represented
`as a horse with a single straight horn project-
`ing from its forehead.
`— ORIGIN Latin unicornis, from cornu ‘horn’.
`unicycle onoun a cycle with a single wheel,
`chiefly used by acrobats.
`— DERIVATIVES unicyclist noun.
`unidentifiable oadjective unable to be iden-
`tified.
`’
`
`unidentified oadjective not
`identified.
`
`recognized or
`
`unidiomatic o adjective not using or contain
`ing expressions natural to a native speaker of a
`language.
`unidirectional oadjective moving or operat-
`ing in a single direction.
`unification onoun the process of being uni-
`fied.
`Unification Church Onoun an evangelistic
`religious and political organization founded in
`1954 in Korea by Sun Myung Moon.
`uniform oadjective not varying in form or
`character;
`the same in all cases and at all
`times.
`I noun the distinctive clothing worn by mem-
`bers of the same organization or body or by
`children attending certain schools.
`— DERIVATIVES uniformed adjective uniformity
`noun uniformly adverb.
`— ORIGIN Latin uniformis.
`unify /yo_onifi/ o verb (unifies, unified) make or
`become united or uniform.
`— DERIVATIVES unlfler noun.
`— ORIGIN Latin unificare.
`unilateral o adjective 1 performed by or affect-
`ing only one person, group, etc. 2 relating to or
`affecting only one side of an organ, the body,
`etc.
`— DERIVATIVES unilaterallsm noun unilaterallst
`noun & adjective unilaterally adverb.
`unimaginable o adjective impossible to im-
`agine or comprehend.
`— DERIVATIVES unimaginably adverb.
`unimaginative oadjeclive not using or dis—
`playing imagination; stolid 'and dull.
`— DERIVATIVES unimaginatlvely adverb.
`unimpaired o adjective not weakened or dam-
`aged.
`unimpeachable
`proach.
`— DERIVATIVES unimpeachahly adverb.
`unimpeded oadjeclive not obstructed or hin—
`dered.
`
`oadjective
`
`beyond
`
`re—
`
`unimportant oadjeclive lacking in importr
`ance.
`— DERIVATIVES unimportance noun.
`
`0006
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`0006
`
`

`

`1250
`ullage l umbrage
`
`sing. or pl.) a body of Muslim scholars recognized
`as expert in Islamic sacred law and theology
`2 a member of an ulema.
`— ORIGIN Arabic, ultimately from a word mean-
`ing ‘know’.
`ullage /ullij/ onoun 1 the amount by which a
`container falls short of being full. 2 loss of li—
`quid by evaporation or leakage.
`— ORIGIN from Old French euillier ‘fill up’, from
`Latin oculus ‘eye’ (with reference to a con-
`tainer’s bunghole).
`ulna /ulno/ o noun (pl. ulnae /ulnee/ or ulnas) a
`bone of the forearm or forelimb, in humans the
`thinner and longer of the two.
`— DERIVATIVES ulnar adjective.
`— ORIGIN Latin, related to ELL.
`U-lock o noun another term for D-LocK.
`ulster Onoun a man’s long, loose overcoat of
`rough cloth.
`— ORIGIN from Ulster in Ireland, where it was ori-
`ginally sold.
`Ulsterman (or Ulsterwoman) o noun a native
`or inhabitant of Northern Ireland or Ulster.
`
`2 relating to an ultramicroscope.
`oadjeclive
`ultramontane /ultremontayn/
`1 advocating supreme papal authority in mat-
`ters of faith and discipline. 2 situated on the
`other side of the Alps from the point of view of
`the speaker.
`Onoun an advocate of supreme papal author—
`ity.
`— DERIVATIVES ultramontanlsm noun.
`— ORIGIN originally referring to a representative
`of the Roman Catholic Church north of the
`Alps: from Latin ultra ‘beyond’ + mans ‘Inoun-
`tain’.
`ultrasonic oadjective involving sound waves
`with a frequency above the upper limit of
`human hearing.
`— DERIVATIVES ultrasonically adverb.
`ultrasonics oplural noun 1 (treated as sing.) the
`science and application of ultrasonic waves.
`2 (treated as sing. or pl.) ultrasound.
`ultrasound o noun sound or other vibrations
`having an ultrasonic frequency, particularly as
`used in medical imaging.
`ultraviolet onoun electromagnetic radiation
`having a wavelength just shorter than that of
`violet light but longer than that of X-rays.
`o adjective denoting such radiation.
`ultra vires /u1tro vireez/ oadjective & adverb
`Law beyond one’s legal power or authority.
`— ORIGIN Latin, ‘beyond the powers’.
`ululate /yo'olyoolayt, ul-/ 0 verb howl or wail.
`— DERIVATIVES ululatlon noun.
`— ORIGIN Latin ululare ‘howl, shriek’.
`umbel /umb’l/ o noun Botany a flower cluster in
`which stalks spring from a common centre and
`form a flat or curved surface.
`— DERIVATIVES umbellate adjective.
`- ORIGIN Latin umbella ‘sunshade’.
`umbellifer /umbellifar/ o noun Botany a plant of
`the parsley family (Umbelliferae).
`— DERIVATIVES umbelliferous adjective.
`umber /umbar/ o noun a natural pigment, nor—
`mally dark yellowish-brown in colour (raw
`umber) or dark brown when roasted (burnt
`umber).
`— ORIGIN from French terre d’ombre, ‘earth of
`shadow’, from Latin umbra ‘shadow’ or Umbra
`‘Umbrian’
`.
`
`ulterior oadjective 1 other than what is obvi-
`ous or admitted: she had some ulterior motive
`in coming. 2 beyond what
`is immediate or
`present.
`— ORIGIN Latin, ‘further, more distant’.
`ultimate oadjective 1 being or happening at
`the end of a process. 2 being the best or most
`extreme example of its kind: the ultimate accol-
`ade. 3 basic or fundamental.
`o noun 1 (the ultlmate) the best achievable or
`imaginable of its kind. 2 a final or fundamental
`fact or principle.
`-
`— DERIVATIVES ultimacy noun ultimately adverb.
`— ORIGIN Latin ultimatus, from ultimare ‘come to
`an end’.
`ultima Thule onoun a distant unknown re—
`gion; the extreme limit of travel and discov-
`ery.
`— ORIGIN Latin, ‘furthest Thule’, a country to the
`north of Britain (probably Norway) believed by
`ancient Greeks and Romans to be the north-
`ernmost part of the world.
`ultimatum /ultimaytem/ onoun (pl. ulti-
`matums or ultimata /u1timayta/) a final de—
`mand or statement of terms, the rejection of
`which will result in retaliation or a breakdown
`/umbillik’l, umbilik’l/ oadjective
`umbilical
`in relations.
`relating to or affecting the navel or umbilical
`cord.
`— ORIGIN Latin, ‘thing that has come to an end’.
`— DERIVATIVES umbilically adverb.
`ultra informal oadverh very.
`o noun an extremist.
`umbilical cord 0 noun a flexible cord-like
`structure containing blood vessels, attaching a
`ultra- opretix 1 beyond; on the other side of:
`ultramontane. 2 extreme;
`to an extreme de-
`fetus to the placenta during gestation.
`gree: ultramicroscopic.
`umbilicus /umbilliksss, umbilikess/ o noun
`« ORIGIN Latin ultra ‘beyond’.
`(pl. umbillci /umbillisi, umbilisi/ or umbilic-
`uses) 1 Anatomy the navel. 2 Zoology a central de-
`ultra-high frequency onoun a radio fre-
`quency in the range 300 to 3,000 megahertz.
`pression or hole
`in the whorl of
`some
`gastropod molluscs and many ammonites.
`ultramarine onoun 1 a brilliant deep blue
`a ORIGIN Latin.
`pigment originally obtained from lapis lazuli.
`2 a brilliant deep blue colour.
`umbra /umbra/ o noun (pl. umbras or umbrae
`azzurro
`— ORIGIN
`from obsolete
`Italian
`/umbree/) 1 the fully shaded inner region of a
`oltramarino ‘azure from overseas’ (because the
`shadow, especially the area on the earth or
`moon experiencing totality in an eclipse. 2 As-
`lapis
`lazuli was
`imported),
`from Latin
`ultramarinus ’beyond the sea’.
`tronomy the dark central part of a sunspot.
`- DERIVATIVES umbral adjective.
`ultramicroscope onoun an optical micro-
`— ORIGIN Latin, ‘shade’.
`scope used to detect very small particles by 0b
`serving light scattered from them.
`umbrage /umbrij/ o noun (in phrase take um-
`brage) offence or annoyance.
`ultramicroscopic oadjective 1 too small to
`— ORIGIN originally in the sense ‘shade or
`be seen by an ordinary optical microscope.
`
`
`
`0007
`
`0007
`
`

`

`The essential language
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`This completely new edition of The Oxford Compact
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`Over 145,000 words, phrases, and definitions provide
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`Meanings are given in a plain and straightforward style
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`Pronunciations are given for difficult words, using a simple
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`respelling system
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`and spelling
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`i“; Cummi: Hg
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`Concise and useful information on interesting aspects of
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