UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT & BMW
`OF NORTH AMERICA, LLC,
`Petitioners
`
`v.
`
`PAICE LLC & THE ABELL FOUNDATION, INC.
`Patent Owners
`
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`Inter Partes Review No.: IPR2020-00994
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347 K2
`
`___________________
`
`
`PETITIONERS’ RESPONSE IDENTIFYING ISSUES RAISED IN THE
`PATENT OWNER RESPONSE OR THE INSTITUTION DECISION TO
`WHICH THE EVIDENCE AND/OR ARGUMENTS IDENTIFIED BY
`PATENT OWNERS RESPONDS
`
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`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT & BMW
`OF NORTH AMERICA, LLC,
`Petitioners
`
`v.
`
`PAICE LLC & THE ABELL FOUNDATION, INC.
`Patent Owners
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Inter Partes Review No.: IPR2020-00994
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347 K2
`
`___________________
`
`
`PETITIONERS’ RESPONSE IDENTIFYING ISSUES RAISED IN THE
`PATENT OWNER RESPONSE OR THE INSTITUTION DECISION TO
`WHICH THE EVIDENCE AND/OR ARGUMENTS IDENTIFIED BY
`PATENT OWNERS RESPONDS
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`
`LIST OF EXHIBITS
`
`
`
`BMW1001
`
`
`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347, including Inter Partes Review
`Certificates issued as U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347 K1 and U.S. Patent
`No. 7,104,347 K2
`BMW1002 USPTO Assignments on the Web for U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347 K2
`BMW1003 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2014-00571, Paper 44, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Sep. 28, 2015)
`BMW1004 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2014-00579, Paper 45, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Sep. 28, 2015)
`BMW1005 Paice LLC v. Ford Motor Co., Appeal Nos. 2016-1412, -1415, -
`1745, Doc. 46-2, Opinion (Fed. Cir. Mar. 7, 2017)
`BMW1006 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2015-00794, Paper 31, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Nov. 1, 2016)
`BMW1007 Paice LLC v. Ford Motor Co., Appeal Nos. 2017-1442, -1443, -
`1472, Doc. 59-2, Opinion (Fed. Cir. Feb. 1, 2018)
`BMW1008 Declaration of Dr. Gregory W. Davis in Support of Inter Partes
`Review of U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347 K2
`BMW1009 Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Gregory W. Davis
`BMW1010 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2014-00795, Paper 31, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Nov. 1, 2016)
`BMW1011 Ford Motor Co. v. Paice LLC, IPR2014-00884, Paper 38, Final
`Written Decision (P.T.A.B. Dec. 10, 2015)
`
`BMW1012 File History for U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347 K2
`BMW1013 U.S. Patent No. 5,343,970 (“Severinsky” or “Severinsky ’970”)
`Bumby, J.R. et al., “Computer modelling of the automotive energy
`requirements for internal combustion engine and battery electric-
`powered vehicles,” IEEE PROCEEDINGS, Vol. 132, Pt. A, No. 5
`
`BMW1014
`
`i
`
`
`
`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`
`
`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`(Sep. 1985), 265-79 (“Bumby-I” or “Bumby I”)
`Bumby, J.R. et al., “Optimisation and control of a hybrid electric
`car,” IEEE PROCEEDINGS, Vol. 134, Pt. D, No. 6 (Nov. 1987),
`373-87 (“Bumby-II” or “Bumby II”)
`
`BMW1015
`
`BMW1016
`
`BMW1017
`
`BMW1018
`
`Bumby, J.R. et al., “A hybrid internal combustion engine/battery
`electric passenger car for petroleum displacement,” Proceedings of
`the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of
`Automobile Engineering, Vol. 202, No. D1 (Jan. 1988), 51-65
`(“Bumby-III” or “Bumby III”)
`Bumby, J.R. et al., “A test-bed facility for hybrid i c-engine/battery-
`electric road vehicle drive trains,” Transactions of the Institute of
`Measurement and Control, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Apr.-June 1988), 87-97
`(“Bumby-IV” or “Bumby IV”)
`Bumby, J.R. et al., “Integrated microprocessor control of a hybrid
`i.c. engine/battery-electric automotive power train,” Transactions of
`the Institute of Measurement and Control, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Jan.
`1990), 128-46 (“Bumby-V” or “Bumby V”)
`BMW1019 U.S. Patent No. 5,586,613 (“Ehsani”)
`BMW1020 U.S. Patent No. 6,188,945 (“Graf”)
`International Application Publication No. WO 92/15778 (“Ma”)
`
`BMW1021
`BMW1022 U.S. Patent No. 5,650,931 (“Nii”)
`Innovations in Design: 1993 Ford Hybrid Electric Vehicle
`Challenge, Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-94/980,
`Davis, G.W. et al., “United States Naval Academy, AMPhibian”
`(Feb. 1994), 277-87
`1996 Future Car Challenge, Society of Automotive Engineers,
`SAE/SP-97/1234, Swan, J. et al., “Design and Development of
`Hyades, a Parallel Hybrid Vehicle for the 1996 FutureCar
`Challenge” (Feb. 1997), 23-30
`BMW1025 1997 Future Car Challenge, Society of Automotive Engineers,
`
`BMW1023
`
`BMW1024
`
`ii
`
`
`
`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`
`BMW1027
`
`BMW1029
`
`
`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`SAE/SP-98/1359, Swan, J. et al., “Design and Development of
`Hyades, a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle for the 1997 FutureCar
`Challenge” (Feb. 1998), 29-39
`BMW1026 U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 60/100,095 (Filed Sep. 11, 1998)
`Wakefield, E.H., Ph.D., History of the Electric Automobile – Hybrid
`Electric Vehicles, Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-
`98/3420 (1998), 17-34 (Chapter 2: The History of the Petro-Electric
`Vehicle)
`BMW1028 Unnewehr, L.E. et al., “Hybrid Vehicle for Fuel Economy,” Society
`of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-76/0121 (1976)
`Burke, A.F., “Hybrid/Electric Vehicle Design Options and
`Evaluations,” Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-92/0447,
`International Congress & Exposition, Detroit, Michigan (Feb. 24-28,
`1992)
`Duoba, M, “Challenges for the Vehicle Tester in Characterizing
`Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” 7th CRC On Road Vehicle Emissions
`Workshop, San Diego, California (Apr. 9-11, 1997)
`Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Program, 18th Annual Report to
`Congress for Fiscal Year 1994, U.S. Department of Energy (Apr.
`1995)
`BMW1032 Bates, B. et al., “Technology for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles,”
`Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-98/1331 (Feb. 1998)
`Stodolsky, F. et al., “Strategies in Electric and Hybrid Vehicle
`Design,” Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-96/1156, Kozo,
`Y. et al., “Development of New Hybrid System – Dual System,”
`SAE/SP-96/0231 (Feb. 1996), 25-33
`BMW1034 Leschly, K.O., Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment, Volume 7:
`Hybrid Vehicle Review, U.S. Department of Energy (Sep. 30, 1979)
`Final Report Hybrid Heat Engine / Electric Systems Study, Vol. 1:1-
`13, The Aerospace Corporation for the U.S. Environmental
`Protection Agency (June 1, 1971)
`
`BMW1033
`
`BMW1030
`
`BMW1031
`
`BMW1035
`
`iii
`
`
`
`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`
`BMW1040
`
`BMW1041
`
`BMW1036
`
`
`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`Masding, P.W., et al., “A microprocessor controlled gearbox for use
`in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles,” Transactions of the Institute
`of Measurement and Control, Vol. 10, No. 4 (July –Sep. 1988), 177-
`86
`BMW1037 Yamaguchi, J., “Toyota Prius,” Automotive Engineering
`International (Jan. 1998), 29-32
`BMW1038 U.S. Patent No. 6,209,672 (“Severinsky ’672”)
`BMW1039 Davis, G.W., Ph.D. et al., Introduction to Automotive Powertrains,
`Chapter 2: Road Loads (2000), 27-68
`Ehsani, M. et al., “Propulsion System Design of Electric Vehicles,”
`Texas A&M University, Department of Electrical Engineering
`(1996), 7-13
`Ehsani, M. et al., “Propulsion System Design of Electric and Hybrid
`Vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 44,
`No. 1 (Feb. 1997), 19-27
`BMW1042 Bauer, H., ed., Automotive Handbook, Robert Bosch GmbH (4th Ed.
`Oct. 1996), Excerpts
`Design Innovations in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles,
`Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-96/1089, Anderson, C.,
`et al, “The Effects of APU Characteristics on the Design of Hybrid
`Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” SAE/SP-95/0493
`(Feb. 1995), 65-71
`BMW1044 U.S. Patent No. 5,656,921 (“Farrall”)
`BMW1045 Stone, R., Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines, Chapter 9:
`Turbocharging (2nd Ed. 1995), 324-53
`BMW1046 Bauer, H., ed., Automotive Handbook, Robert Bosch Gmbh (4th Ed.
`Oct. 1996), Excerpts
`BMW1047 Heisler, H., Advanced Engine Technology, Chapters 6.7-6.10
`(1995), 315-47
`
`BMW1043
`
`iv
`
`
`
`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`
`
`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`Masding, P.H., “Some drive train control problems in hybrid i.c
`engine/battery electric vehicles,” Durham theses, Durham
`University (1988) (“Masding Thesis”)
`Davis, G.W. et al., “The Development and Performance of the
`AMPhibian Hybrid Electric Vehicle,” Society of Automotive
`Engineers, SAE/SP-94/0337, International Congress and Exposition,
`Detroit, Michigan (Feb. 28-Mar. 3, 1994) (“AMPhibian Paper”)
`BMW1050 U.S. Patent No. 5,285,862 (“Furutani”)
`BMW1051 U.S. Patent No. 5,823,280 (“Lateur”)
`
`BMW1048
`
`BMW1049
`
`BMW1052-
`BMW1058 Reserved
`BMW1059 Declaration of Jacob Z. Zambrzycki in Support of Motion for Pro
`Hac Vice Admission Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.10
`BMW1060 Telephonic Hearing Transcript dated September 30, 2020
`
`BMW1061-
`BMW1085 Reserved
`BMW1086 Paice LLC et al. v. BMW AG et al., No. 1:19-cv-003348-SAG,
`Order (D. Md. Nov. 25, 2020)
`BMW1087 Reserved
`BMW1088 Reply Declaration of Dr. Gregory W. Davis in Support of Inter
`Partes Review of U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347 K2
`BMW1089 Deposition Transcript of Dr. Mahdi Shahbakhti (May 6, 2021)
`BMW1090 European Patent No. EP 0,576,703 (“Graf ’703”)
`BMW1091 Kalberlah, A., “Electric Hybrid Drive Systems for Passenger Cars
`and Taxis,” Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE/SP-91/0247,
`International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan (Feb. 25-
`Mar. 1, 1991)
`
`v
`
`
`
`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`
`
`Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit
`BMW1092 Ehsani, M., et al., Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell
`Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design (CRC Press 2005),
`Chapter 8 (“Parallel Hybrid Electric Drive Train Design”)
`BMW1093 Bauer, H., ed., Automotive Handbook, Robert Bosch Gmbh (4th Ed.
`Oct. 1996), “Internal-combustion engines”
`BMW1094 Duffy, J.E., Modern Automotive Technology (1994), Chapters 4
`(“Power Tools and Equipment”), 25 (“Exhaust Systems,
`Turbocharging”), 52 (“Manual Transmission Fundamentals”), and
`54 (“Automatic Transmission Fundamentals”)
`BMW1095 Bauer, H., ed., Automotive Handbook, Robert Bosch Gmbh (4th Ed.
`Oct. 1996), “Drivetrain”
`BMW1096 Goodsell, D., Dictionary of Automotive Engineering (2nd Ed. 1995),
`238-40
`BMW1097 Nordgard, K. and Hoonhorst, H., “Developments in Automated
`Clutch Management Systems,” SAE/SP-95/0896, International
`Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan (Feb. 27-Mar. 2, 1995)
`BMW1098 Declaration of Mahdi Shahbakhti, Ph.D. Regarding U.S. Patent No.
`7,723,932 in Case IPR2019-00011
`BMW1099 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0069548 (“Kira”)
`(Exhibit 1005 in Case IPR2019-00011)
`BMW1100 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0150352 (“Kumar”)
`(Exhibit 1006 in Case IPR2019-00011)
`BMW1101 Videotape of May 6, 2021 Deposition of Dr. Mahdi Shahbakhti,
`which is available from Petitioners upon request
`
`
`
`
`vi
`
`
`
`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`Graf (Grounds 1a, 2a, and 4a; Claims 2 and 24)
`Section III.A of BMW’s Reply, Ex. 1090, and Dr. Davis’s reply declaration
`
`I.
`
`at ¶¶67-68 directly rebut and respond to PO’s arguments that: (i) Graf “merely
`
`discloses a block (2) that calculates the ‘driving style of the driver’” as “a choice
`
`between ‘emissions’ or ‘performance;’” (ii) Graf’s disclosure is a “black box” with
`
`“no evidence that Graf ‘monitors[s] a driver’s repeated driving operations over
`
`time;’” (iii) “[t]he examples provided in Graf speak to whether someone prefers a
`
`sports car to an economy car; (iv) “rather than provide a mechanism to monitor
`
`these preferences, Graf simply assumes that the driver has expressed a choice;” and
`
`(v) “[n]one of Graf’s disclosures suggest that there is any pattern at issue, or that it
`
`is being monitored.” POR at 43-46 & n.19. They also directly respond to the issue
`
`raised in the ID of whether Graf’s “characterizing the driver style of the driver”
`
`requires “monitoring a driver’s repeated driving operations over time.” ID at 28.
`
`Dr. Davis originally opined what a POSA would understand about Graf—
`
`citing to Graf’s disclosure that incorporates Exhibit 1090. See Ex. 1008 at ¶¶266,
`
`407 (citing BMW1020, 5:36-42). BMW’s Petition relied on this portion of Graf
`
`and its reference to Ex. 1090 as well. See Pet. at 14, 21-22 (citing BMW1020,
`
`5:36-42). The inclusion of Exhibit 1090 and related arguments and opinions in
`
`reply are in direct rebuttal to the POR arguments listed in (i) through (v) above and
`
`in direct response to the issues raised in the ID indicated above.
`
`1
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`
`
`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`Severinsky (Grounds 3a and 3b; Claims 2 and 24)
`PO did not previously object to or request the Board’s permission to file a
`
`II.
`
`motion to strike on these Grounds, arguments, or evidence.
`
`Pages 9-10 of BMW’s Reply and Dr. Davis’s reply declaration at ¶¶9-26
`
`directly rebut and respond to (i) the POR argument that Severinsky’s hysteresis is
`
`only speed-based while the “setpoint” claimed in the ’347 Patent is “a torque
`
`value;” and (ii) the POR’s acknowledgement of a “physical relationship between
`
`speed and torque,” but argument that it “does not bridge the chasm between
`
`Severinsky’s separate speed and torque-based algorithms.” POR at 20-23.
`
`BMW’s reply argument and evidence (i) confirms PO’s admission of a
`
`“physical relationship between torque and speed” because “Severinsky’s so-called
`
`‘speed-based hysteresis’ must take torque into account,” and (ii) responds that
`
`while “[o]ther, secondary parameters can also be taken into account, [] the road
`
`load request of the operator is paramount,” with various examples of that concept
`
`being known in the art, including from Exhibits 1015, 1091, and 1092. E.g., Ex.
`
`1088, ¶¶12-13, et seq.; Reply at 9-10; see also BMW1008 at ¶¶883-899.
`
`Regarding PO’s complaints about Exhibits 1015 and 1092, Exhibit 1015 is
`
`Bumby II, which has been part of the record since the Petition. Exhibit 1092
`
`contains omitted excerpts from a 2005 textbook that PO submitted with its POR as
`
`Exhibit 2020, which undercut PO’s and Shahbakhti’s reliance on Exhibit 2020.
`
`2
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`
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`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`
`III. Severinsky and Ehsani (Ground 4c; Claim 17)
`First, the POR argues that “Severinsky already has four-wheel drive
`
`capability” because its “torque transfer unit is already connected to a differential
`
`that can drive all four wheels,” so “there is no reason to split the engine and motor
`
`on different axles.” POR at 68. BMW directly responded that (i) “a POSA would
`
`not have understood Severinsky’s ‘differential’ (32) … to be sufficient to provide
`
`such four-wheel drive without additional components to make the system work.”
`
`Reply at 24 (Exhibit 1088 at ¶¶111-114 and Exhibits 1095 and 1096, cited therein,
`
`support BMW’s reply); and (ii) “a POSA would have been motivated to implement
`
`Ehsani’s much simpler solution by separating the electric motors to achieve four-
`
`wheel drive.” Reply at 24 (Exhibit 1088 at ¶¶115 supports the reply). Also, Exhibit
`
`1095 contains additional excerpts of the Bosch textbook, previously included with
`
`the Petition and Dr. Davis’s first declaration as Exhibit 1046.
`
`Second, the POR mischaracterized BMW’s proposed combination for this
`
`Ground. POR at 66. BMW and Dr. Davis directly rebutted this issue on Reply.
`
`Reply at 21-23, Ex. 1088 at ¶¶116-119.
`
`Third, the ID inquired “how a skilled artisan would implement the general
`
`teachings of Ehsani into Severinsky’s system and also maintain the different
`
`operating modes of Severinsky’s torque transfer unit.” ID at 52. BMW and Dr.
`
`Davis directly addressed this issue on Reply. Reply at 25-26; Ex. 1088 at ¶¶118.
`
`3
`
`
`
`
`
`Dated: June 16, 2021
`
`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`
`
`/Vincent J. Galluzzo/
`Jeffrey D. Sanok (Reg. No. 32,169)
`Vincent J. Galluzzo (Reg. No. 67,830)
`Crowell & Moring LLP
`1001 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
`Washington, DC 20004-2595
`Tel.: (202) 624-2500
`Fax.: (202) 628-8844
`jsanok@crowell.com
`vgalluzzo@crowell.com
`
`Scott L. Bittman (Reg. No. 55,007)
`Jacob Z. Zambrzycki (pro hac vice)
`Crowell & Moring LLP
`590 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor
`New York, NY 10022-2544
`Telephone No.: (212) 223-4000
`Facsimile No.: (212) 223-4134
`sbittman@crowell.com
`jzambrzycki@crowell.com
`
`Counsel for Petitioners
`Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
`and BMW of North America, LLC
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4
`
`
`
`Petitioners’ Response re Identification of Responsive Evidence, IPR2020-00994
`U.S. Patent No. 7,104,347
`
`Certificate of Service
`
`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.6(e)(4), I certify that the foregoing Petitioners’
`
`Reply to Patent Owners’ Response was served on June 16, 2021 via electronic mail
`
`on the following counsel of record for Patent Owners:
`
`Ruffin B. Cordell (Reg. No. 33,487)
`Brian J. Livedalen (Reg. No. 67,450)
`Timothy W. Riffe (Reg. No. 43,881)
`FISH & RICHARDSON P.C.
`3200 RBC Plaza
`60 South Sixth Street
`Minneapolis, MN 55402
`IPR36351-0004IP1@fr.com
`PTABInbound@fr.com
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`/Vincent J. Galluzzo/
`Vincent J. Galluzzo
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Dated: June 16, 2021
`
`
`
`5
`
`
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