ZEMAX®
`
`Optical Design Program
`
`User's Manual
`
`February 14, 2011
`
`ZEMAX Development Corporation
`
`support@zemax.com
`
`www.zemax.com
`
`APPL-1022 / Page 1 of 789
`APPLE INC. v. COREPHOTONICS LTD.
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`

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`Important notice
`
`ZEMAX® is a registered trademark of ZEMAX Development Corporation Copyright © ZEMAX Devel-
`opment Corporation 1990-2011. All rights reserved.
`
`All other product names or trademarks are property of their respective owners.
`
`Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on
`the part of the vendor. The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement
`and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
`
`ZEMAX Development Corporation (ZDC) provides this publication "as is" without warranty of any kind,
`either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties or conditions of merchant-
`ability or fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall ZDC be liable for any loss of profits, loss of
`business, loss of use or data, interruption of business, or for indirect, special, incidental, or consequential
`damages of any kind, even if ZDC has been advised of the possibility of such damages arising from any
`defect or error in this publication or in the Software.
`
`APPL-1022 / Page 2 of 789
`APPLE INC. v. COREPHOTONICS LTD.
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`INTRODUCTION
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Chapter 1
`
`About this document ............................................................................................................................... 35
`What does ZEMAX do? .......................................................................................................................... 35
`What doesn't ZEMAX do?....................................................................................................................... 35
`Learning to use ZEMAX.......................................................................................................................... 36
`System requirements .............................................................................................................................. 36
`Multiple processor computers ..................................................................................................... 36
`Installation procedure.............................................................................................................................. 36
`Policy on the key..................................................................................................................................... 36
`Definition of support ................................................................................................................................ 36
`Getting technical support ........................................................................................................................ 37
`Policy on bug fixes .................................................................................................................................. 37
`USER INTERFACE
`Chapter 2
`
`Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 39
`Types of windows ................................................................................................................................... 39
`Main window operations ......................................................................................................................... 39
`Editor windows operations ...................................................................................................................... 40
`Graphic windows operations................................................................................................................... 40
`Using the annotation feature ....................................................................................................... 42
`Using pan and zoom ................................................................................................................... 43
`Text windows operations ........................................................................................................................ 43
`Dialog operations .................................................................................................................................... 44
`Aborting long computations .................................................................................................................... 44
`Summary of useful shortcuts .................................................................................................................. 45
`Using the Windows clipboard.................................................................................................................. 46
`ZEMAX file types by extension ............................................................................................................... 46
`CONVENTIONS AND DEFINITIONS
`Chapter 3
`
`Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 49
`Active configuration................................................................................................................................. 49
`Angular magnification ............................................................................................................................. 49
`Apodization ............................................................................................................................................. 49
`Back focal length..................................................................................................................................... 49
`Cardinal planes ....................................................................................................................................... 49
`Chief ray.................................................................................................................................................. 49
`Coordinate axes...................................................................................................................................... 50
`Diffraction limited .................................................................................................................................... 50
`Edge thickness........................................................................................................................................ 50
`Effective focal length............................................................................................................................... 51
`Entrance pupil diameter .......................................................................................................................... 51
`Entrance pupil position............................................................................................................................ 51
`Exit pupil diameter .................................................................................................................................. 51
`Exit pupil position .................................................................................................................................... 51
`Extra data................................................................................................................................................ 51
`Field angles and heights ......................................................................................................................... 51
`Float by stop size .................................................................................................................................... 51
`Ghost reflections ..................................................................................................................................... 52
`Glasses ................................................................................................................................................... 52
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`3
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`Hexapolar rings....................................................................................................................................... 52
`Image space F/# ..................................................................................................................................... 52
`Image space numerical aperture (NA) .................................................................................................... 52
`Lens units................................................................................................................................................ 52
`Marginal ray ............................................................................................................................................ 52
`Maximum field......................................................................................................................................... 52
`Non-paraxial systems ............................................................................................................................. 53
`Non-sequential ray tracing ...................................................................................................................... 53
`Normalized field coordinates................................................................................................................... 53
`Radial field normalization ............................................................................................................ 53
`Rectangular field normalization................................................................................................... 54
`Normalized pupil coordinates.................................................................................................................. 55
`Object space numerical aperture ............................................................................................................ 55
`Parameter data ....................................................................................................................................... 55
`Paraxial and parabasal rays ................................................................................................................... 55
`Paraxial image height ............................................................................................................................. 56
`Paraxial magnification............................................................................................................................. 56
`Paraxial working F/# ............................................................................................................................... 56
`Primary wavelength ................................................................................................................................ 56
`Radii........................................................................................................................................................ 56
`Real propagation..................................................................................................................................... 56
`Sagittal and Tangential ........................................................................................................................... 57
`Semi-diameters....................................................................................................................................... 57
`Sequential ray tracing ............................................................................................................................. 57
`Special characters .................................................................................................................................. 58
`Strehl ratio............................................................................................................................................... 58
`Surface apertures ................................................................................................................................... 58
`System aperture...................................................................................................................................... 58
`Tangential ............................................................................................................................................... 58
`Thicknesses ............................................................................................................................................ 58
`Total internal reflection (TIR) .................................................................................................................. 58
`Total track ............................................................................................................................................... 58
`Units........................................................................................................................................................ 59
`Vignetting factors .................................................................................................................................... 59
`Virtual propagation.................................................................................................................................. 60
`Wavelength data ..................................................................................................................................... 60
`Working F/#............................................................................................................................................. 60
`FILE MENU
`Chapter 4
`
`New......................................................................................................................................................... 63
`Open ....................................................................................................................................................... 63
`Save........................................................................................................................................................ 63
`Save As................................................................................................................................................... 63
`Use Session Files ................................................................................................................................... 63
`Backup To Archive File ........................................................................................................................... 63
`Restore From Archive File ...................................................................................................................... 64
`Program Mode ........................................................................................................................................ 65
`Insert Lens .............................................................................................................................................. 65
`Preferences............................................................................................................................................. 66
`Address ....................................................................................................................................... 66
`Folders ........................................................................................................................................ 66
`Graphics...................................................................................................................................... 67
`Miscellaneous ............................................................................................................................. 68
`Editors ......................................................................................................................................... 69
`
`4
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`Printing ........................................................................................................................................ 70
`Colors 1-12, Colors 13-24 ........................................................................................................... 71
`Buttons 1-16, Buttons 17-32, Buttons 33-48 ............................................................................... 71
`Status Bar ................................................................................................................................... 72
`Exit .......................................................................................................................................................... 72
`Recently used files.................................................................................................................................. 72
`EDITORS MENU
`Chapter 5
`
`Lens Data................................................................................................................................................ 73
`Inserting and deleting surfaces ................................................................................................... 73
`The surface number display........................................................................................................ 73
`Cutting, copying, and pasting surface data ................................................................................. 73
`Entering surface comments ........................................................................................................ 74
`Entering radii data ....................................................................................................................... 74
`Entering thickness data............................................................................................................... 74
`Entering glass data ..................................................................................................................... 74
`Entering semi-diameter data ....................................................................................................... 74
`Entering conic data ..................................................................................................................... 74
`Entering parameter data ............................................................................................................. 74
`The Surface Properties dialog box.............................................................................................. 74
`Surface properties type tab ......................................................................................................... 75
`Surface Type ................................................................................................................... 75
`Surface DLL .................................................................................................................... 75
`Surface Color .................................................................................................................. 75
`Surface Opacity............................................................................................................... 75
`Row Color........................................................................................................................ 75
`Make Surface Stop.......................................................................................................... 75
`Make Surface Global Coordinate Reference................................................................... 75
`Surface Cannot Be Hyperhemispheric ............................................................................ 75
`Ignore This Surface ......................................................................................................... 76
`Surface properties draw tab ........................................................................................................ 76
`Hide Rays To This Surface ............................................................................................. 76
`Skip Rays To This Surface.............................................................................................. 76
`Do Not Draw This Surface............................................................................................... 76
`Do Not Draw Edges From This Surface .......................................................................... 76
`Draw Local Axis............................................................................................................... 76
`Draw Edges As................................................................................................................ 76
`Mirror Substrate and Thickness ...................................................................................... 77
`Surface properties aperture tab .................................................................................................. 77
`Aperture type and other aperture controls....................................................................... 77
`Aperture type codes and parameters .............................................................................. 78
`Aperture projection on non-plane surfaces ..................................................................... 78
`Aperture decenters and pickups...................................................................................... 78
`User defined apertures and obscurations ....................................................................... 78
`The UDA file format......................................................................................................... 79
`UDA Examples ................................................................................................................ 80
`Surface properties scattering tab ................................................................................................ 82
`Surface scattering settings .............................................................................................. 82
`Surface tilt/decenter tab .............................................................................................................. 82
`Using the Coordinate Return........................................................................................... 83
`Surface physical optics tab ......................................................................................................... 84
`Surface coating tab ..................................................................................................................... 84
`Setting and removing solves ....................................................................................................... 84
`Setting and removing variables................................................................................................... 84
`
`5
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`Menu options............................................................................................................................... 84
`Edit .................................................................................................................................. 84
`Solves.............................................................................................................................. 85
`View................................................................................................................................. 86
`Help ................................................................................................................................. 86
`Merit Function ......................................................................................................................................... 86
`Menu Options.............................................................................................................................. 86
`Edit .................................................................................................................................. 86
`Tools................................................................................................................................ 87
`View................................................................................................................................. 87
`Help ................................................................................................................................. 87
`Multi-Configuration.................................................................................................................................. 87
`Menu Options.............................................................................................................................. 87
`Edit .................................................................................................................................. 87
`Solves.............................................................................................................................. 88
`Tools................................................................................................................................ 88
`View................................................................................................................................. 89
`Help ................................................................................................................................. 89
`Tolerance Data ....................................................................................................................................... 90
`Menu Options.............................................................................................................................. 90
`Edit .................................................................................................................................. 90
`Tools................................................................................................................................ 90
`View................................................................................................................................. 91
`Help ................................................................................................................................. 91
`Extra Data ............................................................................................................................................... 91
`Menu Options.............................................................................................................................. 91
`Edit .................................................................................................................................. 91
`Solves.............................................................................................................................. 91
`Tools................................................................................................................................ 91
`View................................................................................................................................. 92
`Help ................................................................................................................................. 92
`Non-Sequential Components.................................................................................................................. 92
`Menu options............................................................................................................................... 92
`Edit .................................................................................................................................. 92
`Solves.............................................................................................................................. 93
`Errors............................................................................................................................... 93
`Detectors ......................................................................................................................... 93
`Database ......................................................................................................................... 94
`Tools................................................................................................................................ 94
`View................................................................................................................................. 94
`Help ................................................................................................................................. 94
`Undo, Redo, and Recover ...................................................................................................................... 94
`Undo: None ................................................................................................................................. 94
`Undo: Memory 1 Step ................................................................................................................. 94
`Undo: Disk Multi Step.................................................................................................................. 94
`SYSTEM MENU
`Chapter 6
`
`Update .................................................................................................................................................... 97
`Update All ............................................................................................................................................... 97
`General ................................................................................................................................................... 97
`Aperture ...................................................................................................................................... 97
`Aperture Type.................................................................................................................. 97
`Aperture Value ................................................................................................................ 98
`Apodization Type............................................................................................................. 98
`
`6
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`Uniform apodization ........................................................................................................ 98
`Gaussian apodization...................................................................................................... 98
`Cosine cubed apodization ............................................................................................... 98
`User defined apodization................................................................................................. 99
`Apodization Factor .......................................................................................................... 99
`Telecentric Object Space ................................................................................................ 99
`Afocal Image Space ........................................................................................................ 99
`Iterate Solves When Updating....................................................................................... 100
`Units .......................................................................................................................................... 100
`Lens Units ..................................................................................................................... 100
`Source Units.................................................................................................................. 101
`Analysis Units................................................................................................................ 101
`Afocal Mode Units ......................................................................................................... 101
`MTF Units...................................................................................................................... 102
`Title/Notes ................................................................................................................................. 102
`Lens Title....................................................................................................................... 102
`Notes ............................................................................................................................. 102
`Glass Cat