Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Chapter
`
`you can use techniques
`In addition
`like barrel-tapping
`menu gesture to display
`pop-up menu This interaction
`to mouse button
`click
`
`lent
`
`or the pop-up
`
`is equiva
`
`key fur keybuards
`
`that suppurt
`
`Use SHIFTFlO and the Applicatiun
`the Windows
`to provide keyboard access for pop
`keys specification
`up menus In addition menu access keys arrow keys ENTER and
`in the same fashion in the menu as
`ESC keys all operate
`they do in
`drop-down menus To enhance
`and visual efficiency
`space
`shortcut keys in pop-up menus
`
`including
`
`avoid
`
`mes
`The system provides
`sage WM CONTEXTMENU
`system de
`when the user presses
`pop-up menu key For more
`about
`this message see
`information
`
`fined
`
`documentation
`
`included
`
`in
`
`the
`
`Microsoft
`
`Win32 Software Develop
`ment Kit SDK
`
`Common Pop-up Menus
`The pop-up menus
`included in any application depend
`The following
`and context supplied by that application
`for Windows-based
`describe common pop-up menus
`
`on the objects
`
`sections
`
`applications
`
`The Window Pop-up Menu
`
`The window pop-up menu is the pop-up menu associated with
`window
`it with the Window drop-down menu
`do not confuse
`found in MDI applications
`The window pop-up menu replaces the
`Windows
`3.1 Control menu also referred to as the System menu For
`primary window includes Close Restore Move
`example
`typical
`Size Minimize and Maximize
`
`You can also include other commands on the windows menu that
`apply to the window or the view within the window For example
`Split command to the menu to facilitate
`an application can append
`into panes Similarly you can add commands
`splitting the window
`commands that add remove or
`the view such
`as Outline
`from the view such
`as Show Ruler or commands
`in secondary win
`
`that affect
`
`filter elements
`
`subordinate or special views
`that open certain
`as Show Color Palette
`dows such
`
`includes
`
`secondary window also
`pop-up menu Usually because
`primary window
`the range of operations are more limited than in
`secondary windows pop-up menu includes only Move and Close
`include an Al
`or just Move Palette windows
`commands
`can
`on Top command that sets
`the window to always
`be on top of
`ways
`its parent window and secondary windows of its parent window
`
`also
`
`The Windows Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software Design
`
`129
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 151
`
`

`

`For compatibility
`
`with previ
`
`ous versions
`
`of Windows
`
`the
`
`system also supports clicking but
`
`ton
`
`on the icon
`
`in the title bar
`
`to
`
`access the pop-up menu of win
`dow However
`
`do not document
`
`this
`
`as
`
`for access
`
`the primary method
`the pop-up menu for the win
`ing
`dow Document
`
`only
`
`the
`
`button
`
`technique
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`supporting
`
`OLE objects
`
`ing with
`
`see Chapter
`OLE Embedded
`
`pop-up menus for
`11 Work
`and
`OLE
`
`Linked Objects
`
`Chapter
`
`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`ton
`
`Clicking
`
`on the title bar icon with button
`
`The user displays
`windows pop up menu by clicking mouse but
`anywhere in the title bar area excluding the title bar icon
`displays the pop-up menu
`by the icon To avoid
`for the object
`users if
`represented
`confusing
`pop-up menu for the title bar icon do not dis
`you do not provide
`play the pop-up for the window when the user clicks with button
`on the title bar icon
`
`or the equivalent pop up
`For the pen performing barrel-tapping
`menu gesture on these areas displays the menu Pressing ALT
`also displays the menu The pop-up for the window can
`SPACEBAR
`from the keyboard by the user pressing the ALT key
`also be accessed
`and then using the arrow keys to navigate beyond the first or last entry
`in the menu bar In MI applications
`the pop-up menu for
`child
`using ALTHYPHEN
`this way or directly
`
`can also
`
`be accessed
`
`window
`
`Icon Pop-up Menus
`
`Pop-up menus displayed for icons include operations of the objects
`the pop-up menu of an appli
`icon follows the standard
`conventions
`
`represented
`
`by those icons Accessing
`
`cation or document
`
`for pop-up
`
`menus such
`
`as displaying the menus with
`
`mouse button
`
`click
`
`An icons container application supplies the pop-up menu for the
`icon For example pop up menus
`for icons placed in standard
`by the system How
`or on the desktop are automatically
`provided
`for OLE embedded
`ever your application supplies the pop-up menus
`in the document or
`or linked objects placed
`in it
`that
`is placed
`
`folders
`
`data files your application supports
`
`130
`
`The Windows Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software Design
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 152
`
`

`

`mands
`
`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Chapter
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`registering
`
`commands
`
`Chapter
`
`10
`
`Integrating
`
`with
`
`see
`
`the
`
`System
`
`The container populates
`the pop up menu for an icon with com
`mands
`com
`such
`the container supplies for its content
`and those registered by the objects
`type For example an
`New command that automatically
`application can register
`new data file of the type supported
`
`as
`
`transfer
`
`by the application
`
`generates
`
`The pop-up menu of an applications
`Microsoft WordPad executable
`file should
`
`icon for example
`include the commands
`
`the
`
`listed in Table 7.1
`
`Table 7.1 Application
`
`File Icon Pop-up Menu Commands
`
`Command
`
`Meaning
`
`Open
`
`Send To
`
`Cut
`
`Copy
`
`Paste
`
`Opens
`
`the application
`
`file
`
`submenu of destinations
`
`to which the file can
`
`Displays
`be transferred
`
`The content
`
`of
`
`the submenu is based on
`
`the content
`
`of the systems
`
`Send To folder
`
`Marks
`
`the file for moving Registers the file on the
`
`Clipboard
`
`Marks
`
`the file for duplication
`
`Registers the file on the
`
`Clipboard
`
`Attempts
`
`to open the file registered
`with the application
`
`on the Clipboard
`
`Create Shortcut
`
`Creates
`
`shortcut
`
`icon of the file
`
`Delete
`
`Rename
`
`Deletes
`
`the file
`
`Allows the user
`
`to edit
`
`the filename
`
`Properties
`
`Displays the properties
`
`for the file
`
`The Windows
`
`Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Sofiware Design
`
`131
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 153
`
`

`

`Chapter
`
`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`An icon representing
`document or data file typically
`includes the
`common menu items for the pop up menu for its icon
`
`following
`
`Table 7.2 Document
`
`or fata File Icon Pop-up Menu Commands
`
`Command
`
`Meaning
`
`Open
`
`Print
`
`Opens
`
`the files primary window
`
`Prints the file on the current
`
`default printer
`
`Quick View
`
`Displays the file using
`
`special
`
`viewing
`
`tool window
`
`Send To
`
`Displays
`
`submenu of destinations
`
`to which the file can be
`
`transferred
`
`The content
`
`of
`
`the submenu is based on the
`
`content
`
`of the systems
`
`Send To folder
`
`Cut
`
`Marks
`
`the file for moving Registers the file on the
`
`Clipboard
`
`Copy
`
`Marks
`
`the file for duplication
`
`Registers the file on the
`
`Clipboard
`
`Delete
`
`Deletes
`
`the file
`
`Rename
`
`Allows the user
`
`to edit
`
`the filename
`
`Properties
`
`Displays the properties
`
`for the file
`
`automatically
`
`With the exception
`of the Open and Print commands
`the system
`provides these commands for icons when they
`such
`as the desktop or folders If your
`in system containers
`appear
`application supplies its own containers for files you need to supply
`these commands
`
`register
`
`can also register
`
`you can optionally register
`
`of the file without
`
`For the Open and Print commands to appear on the menu your ap
`these commands in the system registry You
`plication must
`commands
`additional or replacement
`For example
`Quick View command that displays the
`running the application and Whats
`content
`This command that displays descriptive information
`
`for your data
`
`file types
`
`The icon in the title bar of window represents the same object
`result the application associated with
`the icon the user opens As
`pop-up menu with appropriate commands for
`the icon also includes
`in the
`the icon of an application appears
`
`the title bars icon When
`
`as
`
`132
`
`The Windows Interface
`
`Guidel
`
`nes
`
`for Software
`
`Design
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`registering
`
`commands
`
`and
`
`the Quick View command
`
`see Chap
`
`Integrating
`
`with
`
`information
`
`ter 10
`tem For more
`the Whats This command
`Chapter 12 User Assistance
`
`the Sys
`about
`
`see
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 154
`
`

`

`title bar include the same commands on its pop-up menu as
`included for the icon that
`the user opens unless
`mand cannot
`be applied when the applications
`window
`replace the Open command with Close
`
`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Chapter
`
`are
`
`com
`
`particular
`
`addition
`
`is open
`
`In
`
`Similarly when the icon of the data or document
`file appears
`title bar you also use the same commands as
`on its file icon
`found
`replace the Open command with
`with the following
`exceptions
`Close command and add Save
`in the document
`
`if the edits
`
`require
`
`in the
`
`explicit
`
`saving to file
`
`For an MDI application
`pop-up menu for the application
`supply
`icon in the parent window following
`the conventions
`title bar icons Also consider
`
`including
`
`the following
`
`for application
`commands
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`the
`
`design
`
`plications
`
`see Chapter
`
`ap
`of MDI-style
`Window
`
`where they apply
`
`Management
`
`Table 7.3 Optional MDI Parent Window Title Bar Icon Pop-up Menu Commands
`
`Command
`
`Meaning
`
`New
`
`Creates
`
`new data file or displays
`
`list of data file types
`
`supported by the application
`
`from which the user
`
`can
`
`choose
`
`Save All
`
`open in the MDI workspace
`Saves all data files
`state of the MDI window
`
`and the
`
`Find
`
`Displays
`
`window that allows
`
`the user
`
`to specify
`
`criteria
`
`to locate
`
`data file
`
`In addition
`
`that appears
`
`conventions
`
`supply an appropriate pop-up menu for the title bar icon
`in the child windows title bar You can follow the same
`for non-MDI data files
`
`Cascading Menus
`
`cascading menu also referred to as
`menu is
`submenu
`of menu item The visual cue for
`menu is the inclusion of
`triangular arrow display adjacent
`label of its parent menu item
`
`cascading
`
`to the
`
`hierarchical menu or child
`
`You can use cascading menus to provide user access to additional
`in the parent menu
`choices
`rather than taking up additional
`They may also be useful
`for displaying hierarchically related objects
`
`space
`
`The Windows
`
`Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software Design
`
`133
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 155
`
`

`

`Chapter
`
`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Be aware that cascading menus
`interface by requiring the user to navigate
`
`can add complexity
`
`further through
`
`to the menu
`the menu
`
`structure
`
`to get to
`
`particular
`
`choice Cascading menus
`
`also require
`
`more coordination
`
`to handle
`
`the changes
`
`in direction necessary
`
`to
`
`navigate
`
`through
`
`them
`
`In light of these design
`
`use cascading menns sparingly
`tradeoffs
`for any given menu item ideally
`Minimize the number of levels
`single submenu Avoid using cascading
`commands
`
`limiting your design
`menus
`
`for frequent
`
`to
`
`repetitive
`
`As an alternative make choices available in
`when the choices
`
`are independent
`
`particularly
`
`You can
`
`the user to set multiple options in one invocation
`also support many common nptinns as entries
`
`secondary window
`
`settings this allows
`command
`
`of
`
`on
`
`toolbar
`
`for
`
`after
`
`The user interaction
`cascading menu is similar to that of
`drop-
`down menu from the menu bar except
`cascading menu displays
`short time-out
`This avoids
`the unnecessary
`display of the
`menu if the user is browsing or navigating to another
`parent menu Once displayed
`if the user moves
`the pointer
`other menu item the cascading menu is removed after
`time
`drag from the parent
`enables
`the user to directly
`out This time-out
`menu into an entry in its cascading menu
`
`item in the
`
`to an
`
`short
`
`Menu Titles
`
`have
`
`title
`
`menu title For drop
`All drop-down and cascading menus
`in the menu bar
`down menus the meni
`is the entry that appears
`is the name of the parent menu
`For cascading menus the menu title
`the entire menu and should
`item Menu titles represent
`communicate
`items on the menu
`
`as clearly
`
`as possible the purpose
`
`of all
`
`Use single words for menu bar menu titles Multiple word titles
`from two one-word titles
`titles with spaces may be indistinguishable
`avoid uncommon compound
`In addition
`
`words
`
`such
`
`as Fontsize
`
`or
`
`one character of each menu title
`Define
`its access key This char-
`acter provides keyboard access to the menu Windows displays the
`access key for menu title as an underlined character
`as shown in
`
`as
`
`Figure 7.4
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`keyboard
`
`input
`
`and
`
`defining
`
`access keys
`Basics
`
`see Chapter
`
`Input
`
`134
`
`The Windows Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software Design
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 156
`
`

`

`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Chapter
`
`File
`
`Edit
`
`ic Inert
`
`Frirrriat
`
`Help
`-4
`
`Access
`
`keys
`
`Figure
`
`7.4 Access
`
`keys in menu bar
`
`Define
`
`access keys for each menu title Using the same ac
`unique
`cess key for more than one menu title may eliminate direct
`menu
`
`access to
`
`Menu Items
`
`Menu items are the individual choices
`
`in menu Menu
`
`itejns eass be text graplues
`
`such
`
`as
`
`icons
`
`that
`
`format
`
`about
`
`the
`
`that appear
`or graphics and text
`in the menu The
`combinations
`represent the actions presented
`for menu item provides the user with visual cues
`as shown
`
`nature of the effect
`
`it represents
`
`in Figure 7.5
`
`Figure
`
`7.5 Formats for different menu items
`
`Whenever
`
`menu contains
`
`separate those sets with
`
`grouping
`
`set of related menu items you can
`line known as
`
`separator
`the width of the menu
`
`The
`
`standard
`
`single line that spans
`separator is
`Avoid using menu items themselves
`
`as group
`
`Figure 7.6
`
`separators as shown
`
`in
`
`The Windows Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software
`
`Design
`
`135
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 157
`
`

`

`Chapter
`
`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Dont
`
`use
`
`menu item as menu separator
`
`Figure
`
`7.6 Inappropriate
`
`separator
`
`about which menu
`Always provide the user with
`visual
`indication
`If menu item is not appropriate or applicable
`then disable or remove it Leaving the menu
`context
`and presenting
`message box when the user selects
`poor method for providing
`feedback
`
`items can be applied
`
`in
`
`particular
`
`item enabled
`
`menu item is
`
`the
`
`In general
`
`it is better
`
`because
`
`that
`
`to disable menu item rather than remove it
`this provides more stability
`in the interface However if the
`the menu item is no longer or never
`context
`is such
`relevant
`remove it For example if menu displays
`set of open files and
`one of those files is closed or deleted it is appropriate to remove the
`menu item
`
`corresponding
`
`If all
`
`items in menu are disabled
`disable its menu title If you
`disable menu item or its title it does not prevent
`the user from
`browsing or choosing
`bar messages you
`it If you provide status
`the command is unavailable
`
`can display
`and why
`
`message indicating that
`
`The system provides
`standard
`for displaying
`appearance
`menu items If you are supplying your own visuals for
`disabled
`menu item follow the visual design guidelines for how to display it
`with an unavailable appearance
`
`disabled
`
`intormation
`For more
`about
`1dsplaying commands with an
`
`unavailable
`
`appearance
`ter 13 Visual Design
`
`see Chap
`
`Types of Menu Items
`
`Many menu items take effect
`they are chosen If the menu
`as soon
`command that requires additional
`item is
`information
`to complete
`follow the command with an ellipsis ... The ellipsis
`is incomplete When
`information
`informs the user that
`command
`the user needs
`to provide more informa
`Such commands usually result
`tion to complete that command
`in the
`dialog box For example the Save As command includes
`display of
`the command is not complete
`filename
`
`as
`
`used with
`
`until
`
`the user sup
`
`its execution
`
`it indicates
`
`that
`
`an ellipsis because
`
`plies or confirms
`
`136
`
`The Windows Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software Design
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 158
`
`

`

`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Chapter
`
`Not every command that produces
`dialog box or other secondary
`window should
`include an ellipsis For example do not include an
`ellipsis with the Properties command because
`the Prop
`carrying out
`erties command displays
`properties window After completing
`or actions are required to fulfill the
`no further parameters
`command
`intent of the command Similarly do not
`include an ellipsis for
`in the display of message box
`command that may result
`
`the
`
`than initiating
`
`that contains
`
`While you can use menu items to carry out commands
`mode or set
`use menu items to switch
`state or property
`an item from menu
`process For example choosing
`list of tools or views implies changing
`to that state If
`property value when the user chooses
`the menu item represents
`menu item the property setting changes
`
`you can also
`
`rather
`
`the
`
`Menu items for state
`
`settings
`
`can be independent
`
`or interdependent
`
`single text selection
`setting when that
`
`are the menu equivalent of check boxes For
`Independent
`settings
`as Bold and
`example if menu contains text properties
`such
`they form group of independent
`settings The user can
`each
`setting without affecting the others even
`though they
`check mark to the
`
`Italic
`
`change
`
`both apply to
`
`Include
`
`left of an independent
`
`state applies
`
`are the menu equivalent of option buttons
`Interdependent
`settings
`For example if menu contains alignment properties
`such
`Left Center and Right
`they form group of interdependent
`settings Because
`can have only one type of
`paragraph
`the property to be the chosen
`one resets
`alignment choosing
`menu item setting When the user chooses
`an interdependent
`setting place an option button mark to the left of that menu item
`
`particular
`
`as
`
`opposites
`
`the two states of
`
`setting if those
`
`as
`
`or absence
`
`of
`
`the state of
`
`text selec
`
`check mark next
`
`to
`
`When using the menu to represent
`are obvious
`such
`
`states
`
`the presence
`check mark to indicate when the
`property value you can use
`setting applies For example when reflecting
`menu item labeled Bold show
`tion with
`the menu item when the text selection is bold and no check mark
`when it is not If
`
`for the same
`stat reflected in the menu you also display the menu without
`check mark
`
`selection contains mixed values
`
`the
`
`The Windows Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software
`
`Design
`
`137
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 159
`
`

`

`Chapter
`
`Menus Contruls and Toolbars
`
`use
`
`For example
`
`naive user might guess that
`
`pair
`
`However if the two states of the setting
`are not obvious
`opposites
`pair of alternating menu item names to indicate the two states
`the opposite of menu
`Because of this ambiguity
`item called Full Duplex is Empty Duplex
`the command with the alternative
`name Half Duplex
`rather
`states and consider
`using mark to indicate the alternative
`lowing guidelines for how to display those alternatives
`
`the fol
`
`If there is room in menu include both alternatives
`menu items and interdependent
`choices
`This avoids
`the user can view both options simultaneously
`because
`also use menu separators to group the choices
`
`as
`
`individual
`
`Avoid defining
`
`menu items
`
`confusion
`
`that change
`
`depending on the
`
`You can
`
`state
`
`of
`
`modifier
`
`niques
`
`hide functionality
`
`jority
`
`of users
`
`key Such
`tech-
`from ma
`
`If there is not sufficient
`
`choices
`
`the alternative
`
`room in the menu for the alternative
`single menu item and change
`its name to
`you can use
`action when selected In this ease the menu items
`name does not reflect
`
`the current state it indicates
`
`the state after
`
`choosing
`
`the item Where possible define names that use the
`
`same access key For example the letter
`menu item that
`toggles between Full Duplex and Half Duplex
`
`could
`
`be used
`
`for
`
`menu can also have
`
`default
`
`item default menu item reflects
`
`choice that
`shortcut
`such
`is also supported
`through
`technique
`clicking or drag and drop For example if the default com
`double
`the default menu item Simi
`mand for an icon is Open define this as
`larly if the default command for
`drag and drop operation is Copy
`display this command as the default menu item in the pop-up menu
`from nondefault
`drag and drop operation button
`default menu item by displaying its label
`
`as
`
`as
`
`that
`
`results
`
`The system designates
`bold text
`
`Menu Item Labels
`
`Include descriptive text or
`
`graphic label
`
`for each menu item Even
`
`as well
`graphic for the label consider
`if you provide
`including
`The text allows you to provide more direct keyboard access to the
`user and provides support
`for wider
`range of users
`
`text
`
`138
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`The Winduws
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`Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`fnr Suftware Design
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 160
`
`

`

`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Chapter
`
`Use the following
`menu item labels
`
`guidelines for defining text menu names for
`
`Define
`
`unique
`
`item names within
`
`names can be repeated
`
`in different
`
`menu However item
`menus
`
`to represent similar or
`
`different
`
`actions
`
`Use
`single word or multiple words but keep the wording brief
`and succinct Verbose menu item names can make it harder for
`the menu
`
`the user to scan
`
`Define
`
`item can
`
`that
`
`menu
`for each menu item within
`access keys
`unique
`This provides the user direct keyboard access to the menu item
`The guidelines for selecting
`an access key for menu items are
`for menu titles except
`the access key for menu
`the same as
`of the menu
`included at the beginning
`also be
`number
`for menu items that vary such
`
`item name This is useful
`names Where
`possible also define consistent access keys for
`common commands
`
`as file
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`access
`
`see
`
`keys
`defining
`Input Basics For more
`about common
`
`Chapter
`
`information
`
`access
`
`see Appendix
`key assignments
`Interface Summary
`
`Keyboard
`
`Follow book
`
`title
`
`capitalization
`
`rules for menu item names For
`
`except
`
`for articles
`
`English language
`
`versions
`
`capitalize
`
`the first letter of every word
`and prepositions that occur other
`conjunctions
`or end of multiple word name For ex
`than at the beginning
`ample the following menu names are correct New Folder Go To
`Select All and Table of Contents
`
`Avoid formatting
`
`individual menu item names with different
`
`text
`
`Even though these properties illustrate
`properties
`particular
`style they also may make the menu cluttered
`illegible or confus
`to indicate an access key if an
`ing For example it may be difficult
`entire menu entry is underlined
`
`text
`
`Shortcut Keys in Menu Items
`
`command in
`keyboard shortcut associated with
`If you define
`in the menu Display the
`drop-down menu display the shortcut
`shortcut key next to the item and align shortcuts with other shortcuts
`in the menu Left align at the first tab position after
`item
`the longest
`shortcut Do not use spaces for alignment
`in the menu that has
`because
`font used
`in the proportional
`they may not display properly
`by the system to display menu text or when the font setting menu
`text changes
`
`The Windows
`
`Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software Design
`
`139
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 161
`
`

`

`Chapter
`
`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`You can match key names with those commonly inscribed on the
`keycap Display CTRL and SHIFT key combinations
`as Ctrlkey
`or Akey and Shiftkey
`than Controlkey or CONTROLkey
`rather
`When using function keys for menu item shortcuts display the name
`is the function key number
`of the key as En where
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`the selection
`
`of shortcut
`
`keys
`
`see Chapter
`
`Input Basics
`
`Avoid including
`shortcut
`
`already
`
`shortcut keys
`
`in pop-up menus Pop-up menus
`form of interaction
`and are typically
`accessed
`shortcut keys makes pop-up
`
`the mouse In addition
`
`excluding
`
`are
`
`with
`
`menus easier for users to scan
`
`Controls
`
`the properties or opera
`Controls are graphic objects that
`represent
`tions of other objects Some controls display and allow editing of
`command
`values Other controls start an associated
`
`particular
`
`Each control has
`
`specific
`
`and operation designed
`unique
`appearance
`The system also provides support
`form of interaction
`designing your own controls When defining your own controls
`follow the conventions
`consistent with those provided
`by the sys
`tem supplied controls
`
`for
`
`for
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`using
`
`standard
`
`controls
`
`your own controls
`designing
`Chapter 13 Visual Design
`
`and
`
`see
`
`Like most elements
`controls provide feedback mdi
`of the interface
`cating when they have
`focus and when they are activated
`the input
`For example when the user interacts with controls using mouse
`its selection upon the down transition
`each control
`of the
`mouse button but does not activate until
`the user releases
`
`indicates
`
`the button
`
`unless the control supports auto-repeat
`
`Controls
`
`are generally interactive
`
`hot spot of the pointer
`
`is over
`
`only when the pointer
`the control
`If the user moves
`
`the
`
`actually the
`
`pointer off the control while pressing
`
`mouse button the control no
`
`longer
`
`to the input device
`
`If the user moves
`
`the pointer
`
`pointer
`
`to the input device
`
`The
`
`control
`
`to the
`
`such
`
`as
`
`responds
`back onto the control
`it once
`again responds
`hot zone or boundary that defines whether
`responds
`depends on the type of control For some controls
`the hot zone coincides with the visible
`border of the control
`
`buttons
`For others the hot zone may include the controls
`for example check boxes or some controls
`such
`defined around
`the controls
`borders
`
`graphic and label
`
`as scroll bars as
`
`140
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`The Windows
`
`Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software
`
`Design
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 162
`
`

`

`purpose
`
`of
`
`control
`
`always
`
`label
`
`the user to directly
`
`interact If
`
`Many controls provide labels Because labels help identify the
`control with which you want
`control
`does not have
`label you
`tooltip control
`field or
`text
`to pros ide the user direct ke
`an access key for text
`control Where possible define consistent access
`board
`access to
`keys for common commands
`
`can provide
`
`label using
`
`static
`
`Define
`
`labels
`
`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Chapter
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`access
`
`defining
`Input Basics
`
`Chapter
`
`keys
`
`see
`
`While controls provide specific
`include pop-up menus
`the value the control
`way to transfer
`vide access to context
`
`interfaces
`
`for controls
`
`for user interaction
`
`you
`This can provide an
`
`represents or to pro
`The interface
`sensitive Help information
`
`to
`
`can
`
`also
`
`effective
`
`pop-up menus
`up menus except
`is clicking the control with button
`
`for controls follows the standard
`
`conventions
`
`for pop
`
`that
`
`it does not affect
`
`the state of the control
`
`that
`
`does not trigger
`
`the action asso
`
`ciated with the control when
`
`the user clicks
`only action is the display of the pop-up menu
`
`it with button
`
`The
`
`pop-up menu for
`sents rather than the control
`itself Therefore
`as Set Unset Check or Uncheck
`The exception
`forms design
`or window layout context where the commands on the pop-up menu
`can apply to the control
`
`control
`
`is contextual
`
`the control
`
`to what
`repre
`avoid commands such
`
`is in
`
`itself
`
`Buttons
`
`Buttons
`
`properties There are
`are controls that start actions or change
`command buttons option buttons
`and
`
`three basic types of buttons
`check boxes
`
`Command Buttons
`
`command button also referred to as
`
`push button is
`
`control
`
`commonly rectangular
`in shape that
`or sometimes both as shown
`
`in Figure 7.7
`
`includes
`
`label
`
`text graphic
`
`Deiauiij
`
`Is Button
`
`J2LR H-
`
`Figure
`
`7.7 Command buttons
`
`The Windows
`
`Intertace
`
`Guidelines
`
`fur suftware
`
`Design
`
`141
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 163
`
`

`

`Chapter
`
`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`command hutton with mouse button
`When
`the user chooses
`for
`pens tapping the command associated with the button is carried
`out When
`focus moves
`the user presses the mouse button the input
`to the button and the button state
`to its pressed appearance
`changes
`If the user mmes
`the pointer off the command button while the
`mouse button remains
`pressed
`Moving the pointer back over
`button returns the button to its pressed state
`
`the button returns to its original
`
`state
`
`the button while pressing the mouse
`
`When the user releases
`the mouse button with the pointer on the
`command button the command associated with the control starts
`is not on the control when the user releases
`button no action occurs
`
`the pointer
`
`the mouse
`
`If
`
`You can define access keys and shortcut keys for command buttons
`In addition
`you can use the TAB key and arrow keys to support user
`navigation to or between command buttons
`The SPACEBAR
`command button if the user moves
`the input
`
`focus
`
`to the button
`
`activates
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`navigation
`
`and
`
`controls
`
`see Chapter
`ary Windows
`
`activation
`of
`Second
`
`button is immediate with respect
`
`to its con
`
`The effect of choosing
`text For example in oolbars clicking
`button carries out the asso
`secondary window such
`dialog box
`button may initiate
`transaction within the window or
`activating
`transaction and close the window
`
`ciated action In
`
`as
`
`apply
`
`represents the action the button starts
`
`The command buttons label
`When using
`
`text
`
`tion conventions
`
`label
`
`the text should
`
`follow the same capitaliza
`defined for menus If the control
`
`is disabled
`
`dis
`
`play the label of the button as unavailable
`
`Include an ellipsis .. as
`commands that
`require additional
`
`visual
`
`cue for buttons associated with
`
`information
`
`Like menu items the
`
`that
`
`further information
`
`can
`
`use of an ellipsis indicates
`not
`is needed
`window will appear Some buttons when clicked
`simply that
`the command
`message box but
`this does not
`imply that
`buttons label
`should
`include an ellipsis
`
`display
`
`You can use command buttons to enlarge
`secondary window and
`also known as an unfold button An un
`
`display additional options
`
`fold button is not really
`command button for Ihis specific
`
`different
`
`button for this purpose include
`ters as part of the buttons label
`
`but the use of
`type of control
`command
`function When using
`than charac
`
`pair of greater
`
`142
`
`The Windows Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software Design
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 164
`
`

`

`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Chapter
`
`In some cases
`
`command button can represent an object and its
`default action For example the taskbar buttons represent an objects
`primary window and the Restore command When
`on
`the user clicks
`the default command of the object
`the button with mouse button
`carried out Clicking on
`button with mouse button
`pop up menu for the object
`
`the button represents
`
`is
`
`displays
`
`You can also
`
`use command buttons to reflect
`
`typical
`
`interaction for
`
`mode or property
`value similar to the use of option buttons or check boxes While the
`command button is to return to its normal
`up state if you use it to represent
`option-set appearance as shown
`
`state display the button in the
`
`in Table 7.4
`
`For more
`
`information
`
`about
`
`states
`
`the appearance
`of buttons see Chapter 13
`Visual Design
`
`of different
`
`Table
`
`7.4 Command Button
`
`Appearance
`
`Appearance
`
`Button
`
`state
`
`Normal appearance
`
`Pressed
`
`appearance
`
`Option-set
`
`appearance
`
`unavailable appearance
`
`Option set
`
`unavailable
`
`appearance
`
`Mixed value appearance
`
`Input
`
`focus appearance
`
`The Windows Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software Design
`
`143
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 165
`
`

`

`Chapter
`
`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`You can also use command buttons to set tool modes
`
`for example
`
`in drawing
`
`or forms design programs for drawing
`
`out specific
`
`shapes
`
`or controls
`
`use When
`
`In this case design
`
`the button labels
`
`to reflect
`
`the tools
`
`the user chooses
`
`the tool
`
`that
`
`is clicks
`
`the button dis
`
`and change
`play the button using the option-set
`appearance
`of the mode of interaction
`
`to indicate the change
`
`pointer
`
`the
`
`You can also use
`
`pop up menu This
`command button to display
`is known as menu button While this is not
`
`specific
`
`convention
`
`control provided
`
`by the system you can create this interface using
`
`the standard
`
`components
`
`menu button looks just
`
`like
`
`standard
`
`command button except
`triangular arrow similar to the
`that
`part of its label
`one found in cascading menu titles as shown in Figure 7.8
`
`as
`
`it includes
`
`Figure
`
`7.8
`
`menu buttcn
`
`menu button supports the same type of interaction
`drop-down
`menu the menu is displayed when the button is pressed and allows
`the user to drag into the menu from the button and make menu selec
`tions Like any other menu use highlighting to track the movement
`of the pointer
`
`as
`
`menu button the menu is dis
`Similarly when the user clicks
`played At this point
`interaction with the menu is the same as with
`any menu For example clicking
`menu item carries out the associ
`outside the menu or on the menu button
`ated command Clicking
`removes the menu
`
`144
`
`The Windows
`
`Interface
`
`Guidelines
`
`for Software
`
`Design
`
`Petitioner Exhibit 1031, Page 166
`
`

`

`Menus Controls and Toolbars
`
`Chapter
`
`display the menu hutton with the pressed
`When pressed
`the mouse button and the menu
`appearance When
`the user releases
`use the option-set appearance Otherwise the menu
`is displayed
`command hutton For
`huttons appearance
`is the same as
`example if the buttun is disabled display the button using the
`
`typical
`
`unavailable appearance
`
`Option Buttons
`
`An option button also referred to as
`single choice within
`limited set of mutually
`is in any group of option buttons only one option in the
`group
`group option buttons in sets of two
`can be set Accordingly always
`or more as shown in Figure 7.9
`
`radio button represents
`
`exclusive choices
`
`that
`
`Figure
`
`7.9
`
`set of option
`
`buttons
`
`Option
`
`buttons appear
`
`as
`
`button choice is set
`
`dot appears
`
`set of small circles When
`an option
`in the middle of the circle When
`
`the choice is not the current setting the circle
`
`is empty Avoid