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`DOCKETNO.BP 4637
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`TITLE OF THE INVENTION
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`REDUCED FEEDBACK FOR BEAMFORMINGIN A WIRELESS
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`COMMUNICATION
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`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENTS
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`This
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`invention is claiming priority under 35 USC §
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`119%e)
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`to a
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`provisionally filed patent application having the same title as the present patent
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`application, a filing date of 4/21/2005, and an application numberof 60/673,451.
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`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
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`TECHNICALFIELD OF THE INVENTION
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`This invention relates generally to wireless communication systems and more
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`particularly to wireless communications using beamforming.
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`10
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`DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
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`Communication systems are known to support wireless
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`and wire
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`lined
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`communications between wireless and/or wire lined communication devices.
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`Such
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`communication systems range from national and/or international cellular telephone
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`20
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`systems to the Internet to point-to-point
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`in-home wireless networks. Each type of
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`communication system is constructed, and hence operates, in accordance with one or
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`more communication standards. For instance, wireless communication systems may
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`operate in accordance with one or more standards including, but not limited to, IEEE
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`802.11, Bluetooth, advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global
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`25
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`system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA),local
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`multi-point distribution systems (LMDS), multi-channel-multi-pointdistribution systems
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`(MMDS), and/or variations thereof.
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`Depending on the type of wireless communication system,
`a wireless
`communication device, such as a cellular telephone, two-way radio, personal digital
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`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1005
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`Page 1 of 35
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`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1005
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`
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`DOCKETNO.BP 4637
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`assistant
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`(PDA), personal computer
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`(PC),
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`laptop computer, home entertainment
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`indirectly with other wireless
`cetera communicates directly or
`et
`equipment,
`communication devices.
`For direct communications (also known as point-to-point
`
`communications), the participating wireless communication devices tune their receivers
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`and transmitters to the same channel or channels (e.g., one of the plurality of radio
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`frequency (RF) carriers of the wireless communication system) and communicate over
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`that channel(s). For indirect wireless communications, each wireless communication
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`device communicates directly with an associated base station (e.g., for cellular services)
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`and/or an associated access point (e.g., for an in-home or in-building wireless network)
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`10
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`via an assigned channel. To complete a communication connection between the wireless
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`communication devices,
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`the associated base stations and/or associated access points
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`communicate with each other directly, via a system controller, via the public switch
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`telephone network, via the Internet, and/or via some other wide area network.
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`15
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`For
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`each wireless
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`communication
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`device
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`to
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`participate
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`in wireless
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`communications, it includes a built-in radio transceiver(i.e., receiver and transmitter) or
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`is coupled to an associated radio transceiver (e.g., a station for in-home and/or in-building
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`wireless communication networks, RF modem, etc.). As is known,
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`the receiver is
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`coupled to the antenna and includes a low noise amplifier, one or more intermediate
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`20
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`frequency stages, a filtering stage, and a data recovery stage. The low noise amplifier
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`receives inbound RF signals via the antenna and amplifies then. The one or more
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`intermediate frequency stages mix the amplified RF signals with one or more local
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`oscillations to convert the amplified RF signal
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`into baseband signals or intermediate
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`frequency (IF) signals. The filtering stage filters the baseband signals or the IF signals to
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`25
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`attenuate unwanted out of band signals to produce filtered signals. The data recovery
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`stage recovers raw data from the filtered signals in accordance with the particular
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`wireless communication standard.
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`Asis also known,the transmitter includes a data modulation stage, one or more
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`30
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`intermediate frequency stages, and a power amplifier.
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`The data modulation stage
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`converts raw data into baseband signals in accordance with a particular wireless
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`DOCKETNO. BP 4637
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`communication standard.
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`The one or more intermediate frequency stages mix the
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`baseband signals with one or morelocal oscillations to produce RF signals. The power
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`amplifier amplifies the RF signals prior to transmission via an antenna.
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`In many systems, the transmitter will include one antenna for transmitting the RF
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`signals, which are received by a single antenna, or multiple antennas, of a receiver.
`Whenthe receiver includes two or more antennas, the receiver will select one of them to
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`receive the incoming RF signals.
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`In this instance, the wireless communication between
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`the transmitter and receiver is a single-output-single-input (SISO) communication, even
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`10
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`if the receiver includes multiple antennas that are used as diversity antennas(i.e.,
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`selecting one of them to receive the incoming RF signals).
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`For SISO wireless
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`communications, a transceiver includes one transmitter and one receiver. Currently, most
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`wireless local area networks (WLAN) that are IEEE 802.11, 802.1la, 802,11b, or
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`802.11g employ SISO wireless communications.
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`15
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`Other types of wireless communications include single-input-multiple-output
`(SIMO), multiple-input-single-output
`(MISO),
`and multiple-input-multiple-output
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`(MIMO).
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`In a SIMO wireless communication, a single transmitter processes data into
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`radio frequency signals that are transmitted to a receiver. The receiver includes two or
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`20
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`more antennas and two or morereceiver paths. Each of the antennas receives the RF
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`signals and provides them to a corresponding receiver path (e.g., LNA, down conversion
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`module,filters, and ADCs). Each of the receiver paths processes the received RF signals
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`to produce digital signals, which are combined and then processed to recapture the
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`transmitted data.
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`For
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`a multiple-input-single-output
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`(MISO) wireless
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`communication,
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`the
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`transmitter includes two or more transmission paths (e.g., digital to analog converter,
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`filters, up-conversion module, and a power amplifier) that each converts a corresponding
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`portion of baseband signals into RF signals, which are transmitted via corresponding
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`30
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`antennas to a receiver. The receiver includes a single receiver path that receives the
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`DOCKET NO. BP 4637
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`multiple RF signals from the transmitter. In this instance, the receiver uses beam forming
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`to combine the multiple RF signals into one signal for processing.
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`For a multiple-input-multiple-output
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`(MIMO) wireless communication,
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`the
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`transmitter and receiver each include multiple paths.
`In such a communication, the
`transmitter parallel processes data using a spatial and time encoding function to produce
`two or more streams of data. The transmitter includes multiple transmission paths to
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`convert each stream of data into multiple RF signals. The receiver receives the multiple
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`RF signals via multiple receiver paths that recapture the streams of datautilizing a spatial
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`10
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`and time decoding function.
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`The recaptured streams of data are combined and
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`subsequently processed to recoverthe original data.
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`To further
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`improve wireless communications,
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`transceivers may incorporate
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`beamforming.
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`In general, beamforming is a processing technique to create a focused
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`antenna beam byshifting a signal in time or in phase to provide gain of the signal in a
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`desired direction and to attenuate the signal in other directions. Prior art papers (1)
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`Digital beamforming basics (antennas) by Steyskal, Hans, Journal of Electronic Defense,
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`7/1/1996; (2) Utilizing Digital Downconverters for Efficient Digital Beamforming, by
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`Clint Schreiner, Red River Engineering, no publication date; and (3) Interpolation Based
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`Transmit Beamforming for MIMO-OFMDwith Partial Feedback, by Jihoon Choi and
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`Robert W. Heath, University of Texas, Department of Electrical and Computer
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`Engineering, Wireless Networking and Communications Group, September, 13, 2003
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`discuss beamforming concepts.
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`In order for a transmitter to properly implement beamforming(i.e., determine the
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`beamforming matrix [V]), it needs to know properties of the channel over which the
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`wireless communication is conveyed. Accordingly, the receiver must provide feedback
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`information for the transmitter to determine the properties of the channel. One approach
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`for sending feedback from the receiver to the transmitter is for the receiver to determine
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`30
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`the channel response (H) and to provide it as the feedback information. An issue with
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`DOCKETNO.BP 4637
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`this approachis the size of the feedback packet, which may be so large that, during the
`timeit takes to sendit to the transmitter, the response of the channel has changed.
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`To reduce the size of the feedback, the receiver may decomposethe cnannel using
`singular value decomposition (SVD) and send information relating only to a calculated
`value of the transmitter’s beamforming matrix (V) as the feedback information.
`In this
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`approach, the receiver calculates (V) based on H = UDV*, whereHis the channel
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`response, D is a diagonal matrix, and U is a receiver unitary matrix. While this approach
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`reducesthe size of the feedback information,its size is still an issue for a MIMOwireless
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`10
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`communication. For instance, in a 2x2 MIMO wireless communication, the feedback
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`needs four elements that are all complex Cartesian coordinate values [V11 V12; V21
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`V22].
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`In general, Vik = aik + j*bik, where aik and bik are values between [-1, 1]. Thus,
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`with 1 bit express per each element for each of the real and imaginary components, aik
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`and bik can be either — % or %, which requires 4x2x1 = 8 bits per tone. With 4 bit
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`expressions per each element of V(f) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
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`(OFDM)2 x 2 MIMO wireless communication, the numberofbits required is 1728 per
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`tone (e.g., 4*2*54*4 = 1728, 4 elements per tone, 2 bits for real and imaginary
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`components per tone, 54 data tones per frame, and 4 bits per element), which requires
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`overhead for a packet exchangethat is too large for practical applications.
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`20
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`Therefore, a need exists for a method and apparatus for reducing beamforming
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`feedback information for wireless communications.
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`BRIEF SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
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`The present invention is directed to apparatus and methods of operation that are
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`further described in the following Brief Description of the Drawings,
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`the Detailed
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`Description of the Invention, and the claims. Other features and advantages of the
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`present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the
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`invention made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
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`DOCKETNO. BP 4637
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`Figure 1
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`is a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication system in
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`accordance with the present invention;
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`Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication device in
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`accordancewith the present invention;
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`Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of another wireless communication device
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`in accordance with the present invention;
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`10
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`Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram of baseband transmit processing in
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`accordance with the present invention;
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`Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of baseband receive processing in
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`accordance with the present invention; and
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`Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram of a beamforming wireless communication
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`in accordance with the present invention.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
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`20
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`Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a communication system 10 that
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`includes a plurality of base stations and/or access points 12, 16, a plurality of wireless
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`communication devices 18-32 and a network hardware component 34. Note that the
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`network hardware 34, which may be a router, switch, bridge, modem, system controller,
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`et cetera provides a wide area network connection 42 for the communication system 10.
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`25
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`Further note that
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`the wireless communication devices 18-32 may be laptop host
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`computers 18 and 26, personaldigital assistant hosts 20 and 30, personal computer hosts
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`24 and 32 and/or cellular telephone hosts 22 and 28. The details of the wireless
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`communication devices will be described in greater detail with reference to Figure 2.
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`Wireless communication devices 22, 23, and 24 are located within an independent
`basic service set (IBSS) area and communicate directly (i.e., point to point).
`In this
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`DOCKETNO.BP 4637
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`configuration, these devices 22, 23, and 24 may only communicate with each other. To
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`communicate with other wireless communication devices within the system 10 orto
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`communicate outside of the system 10, the devices 22, 23, and/or 24 needto affiliate with
`oneofthe basestations or access points 12 or 16.
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`The base stations or access points 12, 16 are located within basic service set
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`(BSS)areas 11 and 13, respectively, and are operably coupled to the network hardware
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`34 via local area network connections 36, 38. Such a connection provides the base
`station or access point 12 16 with connectivity to other devices within the system 10 and
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`10
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`provides connectivity to other networks via the WAN connection 42. To communicate
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`with the wireless communication devices within its BSS 11 or 13, each of the base
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`stations or access points 12-16 has an associated antenna or antenna array. Forinstance,
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`base station or access point 12 wirelessly communicates with wireless communication
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`15
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`devices 18 and 20 while base station or access point 16 wirelessly communicates with
`wireless communication devices 26 — 32. Typically, the wireless communication devices
`register with a particular base station or access point 12, 16 to receive services from the
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`communication system 10.
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`Typically, base stations are used for cellular telephone systems and like-type
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`20
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`systems, while access points are used for in-home or in-building wireless networks(e.g.,
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`IEEE 802.11 and versions thereof, Bluetooth, and/or any other type of radio frequency
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`based network protocol). Regardless of the particular type of communication system,
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`each wireless communication device includes a built-in radio and/or is coupledto a radio.
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`25
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`Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a wireless communication
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`device that includes the host device 18-32 and an associated radio 60. For cellular
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`telephone hosts, the radio 60 is a built-in component. For personal digital assistants
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`hosts, laptop hosts, and/or personal computer hosts, the radio 60 may be built-in or an
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`externally coupled component.
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`DOCKETNO.BP 4637
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`Asillustrated, the host device 18-32 includes a processing module 50, memory
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`52, a radio interface 54, an input interface 58, and an output interface 56. The processing
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`module 50 and memory 52 execute the correspondinginstructionsthat are typically done
`by the host device. For example, for a cellular telephone host device, the processing
`module 50 performs the corresponding communication functions in accordance with a
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`particular cellular telephone standard.
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`The radio interface 54 allows data to be received from and sent to the radio 60.
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`For data received from the radio 60 (e.g., inbound data), the radio interface 54 provides
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`the data to the processing module 50 for further processing and/or routing to the output
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`interface 56. The output interface 56 provides connectivity to an output display device
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`such as a display, monitor, speakers, et cetera such that the received data may be
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`displayed. The radio interface 54 also provides data from the processing module 50 to
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`the radio 60. The processing module 50 may receive the outbound data from an input
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`15
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`device such as a keyboard, keypad, microphone,et cetera via the input interface 58 or
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`generate the data itself. For data received via the input interface 58, the processing
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`module 50 may perform a corresponding host function on the data and/or route it to the
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`radio 60 via the radio interface 54.
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`20
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`Radio 60 includes a host interface 62, digital receiver processing module 64, an
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`analog-to-digital converter 66, a high pass and low passfilter module 68, an IF mixing
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`down conversion stage 70,
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`a receiver
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`filter 71, a low noise amplifier 72,
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`a
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`transmitter/receiver switch 73, a local oscillation module 74, memory 75, a digital
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`transmitter processing module 76, a digital-to-analog converter 78, a filtering/gain
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`25
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`module 80, an IF mixing up conversion stage 82, a power amplifier 84, a transmitter filter
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`module 85, a channel bandwidth adjust module 87, and an antenna 86. The antenna 86
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`may be a single antenna that is shared by the transmit and receive paths as regulated by
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`the Tx/Rx switch 73, or may include separate antennas for the transmit path and receive
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`path. The antenna implementation will depend on the particular standard to which the
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`wireless communication device is compliant.
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`DOCKETNO. BP 4637
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`The digital receiver processing module 64 and the digital transmitter processing
`module 76, in combination with operational instructions stored in memory 75, execute
`digital receiver functions and digital transmitter functions, respectively. The digital
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`receiver functions include, but are not
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`limited to, digital intermediate frequency to
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`baseband conversion,
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`demodulation,
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`constellation demapping,
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`decoding,
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`and/or
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`descrambling.
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`The digital
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`transmitter
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`functions include, but are not
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`limited to,
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`scrambling, encoding, constellation mapping, modulation, and/or digital baseband to IF
`conversion.
`Thedigital receiver and transmitter processing modules 64 and 76 may be
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`implemented using a shared processing device,
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`individual processing devices, or a
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`10
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`plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor,
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`micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field
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`programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine,
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`logic circuitry,
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`analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog
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`and/or digital) based on operational instructions. The memory 75 may beasingle
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`15
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`memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device may be a read-
`only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static
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`memory, dynamic memory,
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`flash memory, and/or any device that
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`stores digital
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`information. Note that when the processing module 64 and/or 76 implements one or
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`more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic
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`20
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`circuitry, the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions is embedded
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`with the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or
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`logic circuitry.
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`In operation, the radio 60 receives outbound data 94 from the host device via the
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`25
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`host interface 62. The host interface 62 routes the outbound data 94 to the digital
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`transmitter processing module 76, which processes the outbound data 94 in accordance
`
`with a particular wireless communication standard (e.g., IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, et
`
`cetera) to produce outbound basebandsignals 96. The outbound basebandsignals 96 will
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`be digital base-band signals (e.g., have a zero IF) or a digital low IF signals, where the
`low IF typically will be in the frequency range of one hundred kilohertz to a few
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`megahertz.
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`DOCKETNO. BP 4637
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`The digital-to-analog converter 78 converts the outbound baseband signals 96
`from the digital domain to the analog domain. Thefiltering/gain module 80 filters and/or
`adjusts the gain of the analog signals prior to providingit to the IF mixing stage 82. The
`IF mixing stage 82 converts the analog baseband or low IF signals into RF signals based
`on a transmitter local oscillation 83 provided by local oscillation module 74. The power
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`amplifier 84 amplifies the RF signals to produce outbound RF signals 98, which are
`filtered by the transmitter filter module 85. The antenna 86 transmits the outbound RF
`signals 98 to a targeted device such as a base station, an access point and/or another
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`10
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`wireless communication device.
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`The radio 60 also receives inbound RF signals 88 via the antenna 86, which were
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`transmitted by a basestation, an access point, or another wireless communication device.
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`The antenna 86 provides the inbound RF signals 88 to the receiver filter module 71 via
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`15
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`the Tx/Rx switch 73, where the Rx filter 71 bandpassfilters the inbound RF signals 88.
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`The Rx filter 71 provides the filtered RF signals to low noise amplifier 72, which
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`amplifies the signals 88 to produce an amplified inbound RF signals. The low noise
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`amplifier 72 provides the amplified inbound RF signals to the IF mixing module 70,
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`which directly converts the amplified inbound RF signals into an inbound low IF signals
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`20
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`or baseband signals based on a receiver local oscillation 81 provided by local oscillation
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`module 74. The down conversion module 70 provides the inbound low IF signals or
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`baseband signals to the filtering/gain module 68. The high pass and low passfilter
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`module 68filters, based on settings provided by the channel bandwidth adjust module 87,
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`the inbound low IF signals or the inbound basebandsignals to produce filtered inbound
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`25
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`signals.
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`The analog-to-digital converter 66 converts the filtered inbound signals from the
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`analog domain to the digital domain to produce inbound basebandsignals 90, where the
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`inbound baseband signals 90 will be digital base-band signals or digital low IF signals,
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`30
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`where the low IF typically will be in the frequency range of one hundred kilohertz to a
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`few megahertz.. The digital receiver processing module 64, based on settings provided
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`10
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`DOCKETNO. BP 4637
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`by the channel bandwidth adjust module 87, decodes, descrambles, demaps, and/or
`demodulates the inbound baseband signals 90 to recapture inbound data 92in accordance
`with the particular wireless communication standard being implemented by radio 60.
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`The host interface 62 provides the recaptured inbound data 92 to the host device 18-32
`
`via the radio interface 54.
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`As one of average skill in the art will appreciate, the wireless communication
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`device of figure 2 may be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. For
`
`example,
`
`the host device may be implemented on one integrated circuit,
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`the digital
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`10
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`receiver processing module 64, the digital transmitter processing module 76 and memory
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`75 may be implemented on a secondintegrated circuit, and the remaining components of
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`the radio 60, less the antenna 86, may be implemented ona third integrated circuit. As an
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`alternate example, the radio 60 may be implemented on a single integrated circuit. As yet
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`another example, the processing module 50 ofthe host device and the digital receiver and
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`15
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`transmitter processing modules 64 and 76 may be a common processing device
`
`implemented on a single integrated circuit. Further, the memory 52 and memory 75 may
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`be implemented ona single integrated circuit and/or on the sameintegrated circuit as the
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`common processing modules of processing module 50 and the digital receiver and
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`transmitter processing module 64 and 76.
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`20
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`Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a wireless communication
`
`device that includes the host device 18-32 and an associated radio 60.
`
`For cellular
`
`telephone hosts, the radio 60 is a built-in component. For personal digital assistants
`
`hosts, laptop hosts, and/or personal computer hosts, the radio 60 may bebuilt-in or an
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`25
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`externally coupled component.
`
`Asillustrated, the host device 18-32 includes a processing module 50, memory
`
`52, radio interface 54, input interface 58 and output interface 56. The processing module
`
`50 and memory 52 execute the corresponding instructions that are typically done by the
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`30
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`host device. For example, for a cellular telephone host device, the processing module 50
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`11
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`DOCKETNO. BP 4637
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`performs the corresponding communication functions in accordance with a particular
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`cellular telephone standard.
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`The radio interface 54 allows data to be received from and sent to the radio 60.
`
`For data received from the radio 60 (e.g., inbound data), the radio interface 54 provides
`
`the data to the processing module 50 for further processing and/or routing to the output
`
`interface 56. The output interface 56 provides connectivity to an output display device
`
`such as a display, monitor, speakers, et cetera such that the received data may be
`displayed. The radio interface 54 also provides data from the processing module 50 to
`the radio 60. The processing module 50 may receive the outbound data from an input
`
`device such as a keyboard, keypad, microphone, et cetera via the input interface 58 or
`
`generate the data itself. For data received via the input interface 58, the processing
`
`module 50 may perform a corresponding host function on the data and/or route it to the
`
`radio 60 via the radio interface 54.
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`10
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`15
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`Radio 60 includes a host
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`interface 62, a baseband processing module 100,
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`memory 65, a plurality of radio frequency (RF) transmitters 106 - 110, a transmit/receive
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`(T/R) module 114, a plurality of antennas 81 - 85, a plurality of RF receivers 118 - 120, a
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`channel bandwidth adjust module 87, and a local oscillation module 74. The baseband
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`20
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`processing module 100, in combination with operational instructions stored in memory
`
`65, executes digital receiver functions and digital transmitter functions, respectively. The
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`digital receiver functions include, but are not limited to, digital intermediate frequency to
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`baseband conversion, demodulation, constellation demapping, decoding, de-interleaving,.
`
`fast Fourier
`
`transform, cyclic prefix removal,
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`space and time decoding, and/or
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`25
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`descrambling.
`
`The digital
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`transmitter functions include, but are not
`
`limited to,
`
`scrambling, encoding,
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`interleaving, constellation mapping, modulation,
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`inverse fast
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`Fourier transform, cyclic prefix addition, space and time encoding, and digital baseband
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`to IF conversion. The basebandprocessing modules 100 may be implemented using one
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`or more processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-
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`30
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`controller, digital
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`signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit,
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`field
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`programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine,
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`logic circuitry,
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`DOCKETNO.BP 4637
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`analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog
`
`
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`and/or digital) based on operational instructions. The memory 65 may beasingle
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`memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device maybe a read-
`only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static
`memory, dynamic memory,
`flash memory, and/or any device that stores digital
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`information. Note that when the processing module 100 implements one or moreofits
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`functions via a state machine, analogcircuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the
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`memory storing the corresponding operational instructions is embedded with the circuitry
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`comprising the state machine, analogcircuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry.
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`10
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`In operation, the radio 60 receives outbound data 94 from the host device via the
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`host interface 62. The baseband processing module 64 receives the outbound data 88
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`and, based on a modeselection signal 102, produces one or more outbound symbol
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`streams 90. The modeselection signal 102 will indicate a particular mode of operation
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`that is compliant with one or more specific modes of the various IEEE 802.11 standards.
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`For example, the mode selection signal 102 may indicate a frequency band of 2.4 GHz, a
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`channel bandwidth of 20 or 22 MHz and a maximum bit rate of 54 megabits-per-second.
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`In this general category, the modeselection signal will further indicate a particular rate
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`ranging from 1 megabit-per-second to 54 megabits-per-second.
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`In addition, the mode
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`20
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`selection signal will indicate a particular type of modulation, which includes, but is not
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`limited to, Barker Code Modulation, BPSK, QPSK, CCK, 16 QAM and/or 64 QAM. The
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`mode select signal 102 may also include a code rate, a number of coded bits per
`subcarrier (NBPSC), coded bits per OFDM symbol (NCBPS), and/or data bits per OFDM
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`symbol
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`(NDBPS).
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`The mode selection signal 102 may also indicate a particular
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`25
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`channelization for
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`the corresponding mode that provides a channel number and
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`corresponding center frequency. The mode select signal 102 may further indicate a
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`powerspectral density mask value and a number of antennas to be initially used for a
`~MIMO communication.
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`30
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`The baseband processing module 100, based on the modeselection signal 102
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`produces one or more outbound symbol streams 104 from the outbound data 94. For
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`example, if the mode selection signal 102 indicates that a single transmit antennais being
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`utilized for the particular mode that has been selected, the baseband processing module
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`100 will produce a single outbound symbol stream 104. Alternatively, if the modeselect
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`signal 102 indicates 2, 3 or 4 antennas, the baseband processing module 100 will produce
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`2, 3 or 4 outbound symbolstreams 104 from the outbound data 94.
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`Depending on the number of outbound streams 104 produced by the baseband
`module 10, a corresponding numberof the RF transmitters 106 - 110 will be enabled to
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`convert the outbound symbolstreams 104 into outbound RF signals 112. In general, each
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`of the RF transmitters 106 — 110 includesadigital filter and upsampling module,a digital
`10
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`to analog conversion module, an analog filter module, a frequency up conversion module,
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`a power amplifier, and a radio frequency bandpassfilter. The RF transmitters 106 — 110
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`provide the outbound RF signals 112 to the transmit/receive module 114, which provides
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`each outbound RF signal to a corresponding antenna 81 - 85.
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`15
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`When the radio 60 is in the receive mode,
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`the transmit/receive module 114
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`receives one or more inbound RF signals 116 via the antennas 81 — 85 and provides them
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`to one or more RF receivers 118 - 122. The RF receiver 118 — 122, based on settings
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`provided by the channel bandwidth adjust module 87, converts the inbound RF signals
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`20
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`116 into a corresponding number of inbound symbol streams 124. The number of
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`inbound symbolstreams 124 will correspond to the particular mode in which the data was
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`received. The baseband processing module 100 converts the inbound symbol streams
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`124 into inbound data 92, which is provided to the host device 18-32 via the host
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`interface 62.
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`25
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`As one of average skill
`
`in the art will appreciate, the wireless communication
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`device of figure 3 may be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. For
`example, the host device may be implemented on one integrated circuit, the baseband
`processing module 100 and memory 65 may be implemented on a second integrated
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`30
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`circuit, and the remaining components of the radio 60, less the antennas 81 - 85, may be
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`implemented on a third integrated circuit. As an alternate example, the radio 60 may be
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`DOCKETNO. BP 4637
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`implemented on a single integrated circuit. As yet another example, the processing
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`module 50 of the host device and the baseband processing module 100 may be a common
`processing device implemented onasingle integrated circuit. Further, the memory52
`and memory 65 may be implemented on a single integrated circuit and/or on the same
`
`integrated circuit as the common processing modules of processing module 50 and the
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`baseband processing module 100.
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`Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram of baseband transmit processing 100-TX
`within the baseband processing module 100, which includes an encoding module 121, a
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`puncture module 123, a switch, a plurality of interleaving modules 125, 126, a plurality
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`of constellation encoding modules 128, 130, a beamforming module (V) 132, and a
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`plurality of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) modules 134, 136 for converting the
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`outbound data 94 into the outbound symbolstream 104. Asoneof ordinary skill in the
`
`art will appreciate, the baseband transmit processing may include two or more ofeach of
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`15
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`the interleaving modules 125, 126, the constellation mapping modules 128, 130, and the
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`IFFT modules 134, 136.
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`In additi