US008457228B2
`
`US8,457,228 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`a2) United States Patent
`Bremer
`(45) Date of Patent:
`*Jun. 4, 2013
`
`
`(54) SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
`COMMUNICATION USING AT LEAST TWO
`MODULATION METHODS
`
`375/305, 308; 455/102, 110; 332/108, 119,
`332/120, 151
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(76)
`
`Inventor: Gordon F. Bremer, Clearwater, FL (US)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`USC. 154(b) by 0 days.
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`claimer.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 13/198,568
`.
`Filed:
`
`Aug.4, 2011
`
`(22)
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2012/0106604 Al
`
`May3, 2012
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENT'S
`3,736,528 A
`5/1973 Ackeretal.
`3,761,840 A
`9/1973 Bremer
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`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`“Conelrad Emergency Radio Notification System Born in 1951”,
`www.modestoradiomuseum.org, Accessed on Dec. 5, 2010, 2 pages.
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner — Dac Ha
`(74) Altorney, Agent, or Firm — Condo Roccia LLP
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`(63) Continuation of application No. 12/543,910, filed on
`A device may be capable ofcommunicating using at least two
`Aug. 19, 2009, now Pat. No. 8,023,580, which is a
`type types of modulation methods. Methods and systemsare
`continuation of application No. 11/774,803, filed on
`provided for communication of data according to a commu-
`Jul. 9, 2007, now Pat. No. 7,675,965, which is a
`nications method in which a master transceiver communi-
`continuation of application No. 10/412,878, filed on
`cates with one or more slave transceivers according to a
`Apr. 14, 2003, now Pat. No: 7,248,626, which is a
`master/slave relationship. A first data message may include
`continuation-in-part of application No. 09/205,205,
`first information and second information that are modulated
`filed on Dec. 4, 1998, now Pat. No. 6,614,838.
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/067,562,filed on Dec. according toafirst modulation method. The secondinforma-
`5. 1997.
`tion may include lowerdata rate data. A second data message
`;
`mayincludethird information that may be modulated accord-
`Int. Cl.
`ing to the first modulation method and that may indicate an
`HOAL 5/12
`impending change to a second modulation method. The sec-
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`ond modulation method may be used for transmitting fourth
`USPC ........... 375/261: 375/295: 455/102: 332/108:
`information, and the fourth information may be included in
`the second message. The fourth information may include
`;
`; 332/11 9: 332/1 5]
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`;
`higher data rate data, for example Internet access data.
`USPC veececcsssseeee 375/261, 269, 285, 222, 298, 302,
`52 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`(2006.01)
`
`(51)
`
`
`
`Qualcomm Incorporated
`Exhibit 1006
`Page | of 23
`
`Qualcomm Incorporated
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 1 of 23
`
`

`

`US 8,457,228 B2
`
`Page 2
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`Page 2 of 23
`
`Page 2 of 23
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`

`

`US 8,457,228 B2
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`
`

`

`US 8,457,228 B2
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`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Page 4 of 23
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`Page 4 of 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.4, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 8
`
`US 8,457,228 B2
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`Page 5 of 23
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`Page 5 of 23
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.4, 2013
`
`Sheet 2 of 8
`
`US 8,457,228 B2
`
`Master
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`U.S. Patent
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`US 8,457,228 B2
`
`1
`SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
`COMMUNICATION USING AT LEAST TWO
`MODULATION METHODS
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`2
`Thus, communication systems comprised ofboth high per-
`formance and low or moderate performance applications can
`be very cost inefficient to construct. For example, someappli-
`cations (e.g.,
`internet access) require high performance
`modulation,
`such as quadrature amplitude modulation
`(QAM), carrier amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation, or
`discrete multitone (DMT) modulation, while other applica-
`tions(e.g., power monitoring and control) require only mod-
`est data rates and therefore a low performance modulation
`method. All users in the system will generally have to be
`equipped with a high performance modem to ensure modu-
`lation compatibility. These state of the art modems are then
`run at their lowest data rates for those applicationsthat require
`relatively low data throughput performance. The replacement
`of inexpensive modems with much more expensive state of
`the art devices due to modulation compatibility imposes a
`substantial cost that is unnecessary in termsofthe service and
`performanceto be delivered to the end user.
`Accordingly, what is sought, and whatis not believed to be
`providedbytheprior art, is a system and method of commu-
`nication in which multiple modulation methods are used to
`The present invention relates generally to thefields of data
`facilitate communication among a plurality of modems in a
`communications and modulator/demodulators (modems),
`and, more particularly, to a data communications system in
`network, which have heretofore been incompatible.
`whichaplurality ofmodulation methods are used to facilitate
`25
`SUMMARY
`communication amonga plurality of modem types.
`
`This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
`No. 12/543,910 filed on Aug. 19, 2009, which is a continua-
`tion of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/774,803, filed on Jul. 9,
`2007, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.
`10/412,878, filed Apr. 14, 2003, which is a continuation-in-
`part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/205,205, filed Dec. 4,
`1998, and which claimspriority to andthe benefit ofthefiling
`date of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/067,562, filed
`Dec. 5, 1997, each of which is incorporated by reference
`herein.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`20
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`In existing data communications systems, a transmitter and
`receiver modem pair can successfully communicate only
`when the modemsare compatible at the physical layer. That
`is, the modems must use compatible modulation methods.
`This requirementis generally true regardless of the network
`topology. For example, point- to-point, dial-up modemsoper-
`ate in either the industry standard V.34 modeor the industry
`standard V.22 mode. Similarly, in a multipoint architecture,
`all modems operate, for example, in the industry standard
`V.27bis mode. While the modems may be capable of using
`several different modulation methods, a single common
`modulation is negotiated at the beginning of a data session to
`be used throughout the duration of the session. Should it
`becomenecessary to change modulation methods, the exist-
`ing data sessionis torn down, and a new session is negotiated
`using the new modulation method.Clearly, tearing down an
`existing data session causes a significant disruption in com-
`munication between the two modems.
`As discussed in the foregoing, communication between
`modemsis generally unsuccessful unless a common modu-
`lation method is used. In a point-to-point network architec-
`ture, if a modem attempts to establish a communication ses-
`sion with an incompatible modem,oneor both ofthe modems
`will make several attempts to establish the communication
`link until giving up after a timeout period has expired or the
`maximum numberofretry attempts has been reached. Essen-
`tially, communication on the link is impossible without
`replacing one of the modemssuchthat the resulting modem
`pair uses a common modulation method.
`In a multipoint architecture, a single central, or “master,”
`modem communicates with two or moretributary or “trib”
`modemsusing a single modulation method.If one or more of
`the trib modems are not compatible with the modulation
`method used by the master, those tribs will be unable to
`receive communications from the master. Moreover, repeated
`attempts by the master to communicate with the incompatible
`trib(s) will disturb communications with compatible trib(s)
`due to time wasted in making the futile communication
`attempts.
`
`30
`
`40
`
`45
`
`The present invention disclosed herein includes methods
`and systems for communication of data according to a com-
`munications method in which a master transceiver commu-
`nicates with one or more slave transceivers according to a
`master/slave relationship. Communication from the one or
`moreslave transceivers may be in response to a communica-
`tion from the masterto at least one of the one or more slave
`
`transceivers. Example communication methods may include
`transmitting at least a first message, which may be low data
`rate message, of a plurality of data messages. The plurality of
`data messages may betransmitted over a communication
`medium from the master transceiver to the one or more slave
`
`transceivers. The first message may includefirst information,
`and the first information may be modulated according to a
`first modulation method. Thefirst message may include sec-
`ond information. The second information may be modulated
`accordingto the first modulation method. The second infor-
`mation may comprise lower data rate data, for example low
`data rate application data. Thefirst message may includefirst
`message address data that may be indicative of an identity of
`one of the one or more slave transceivers as an intended
`
`destination of the second information. Example communica-
`tion methods may include transmitting a second message,
`which maybea high data rate message,ofthe plurality of data
`messages. The second message may comprise third informa-
`tion (e.g., first information of the second message/high data
`rate message), and the third information may be modulated
`according to the first modulation method. The third informa-
`tion maybe indicative of an impending change in modulation
`to a second modulation method for transmission of fourth
`
`information (e.g., second information ofthe second message/
`high data rate message). The second message may comprise
`the fourth information, and the fourth information may be
`transmitted after transitioning from the first modulation
`method to the second modulation method. The fourth infor-
`
`mation may be modulated according to the second modula-
`tion method. The second modulation method may be of a
`different type than the first modulation method. The fourth
`information may comprise higher data rate data, for example
`Internet access application data. The fourth information may
`be intendedfor a single slave transceiver of the one or more
`Page 13 of 23
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`Page 13 of 23
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`

`

`US 8,457,228 B2
`
`3
`slave transceivers. The higher data rate data may be transmit-
`ted at a higherdata rate than the low data rate application data.
`The second message may indicate an identity of the single
`slave transceiver as being an intended destination of the
`fourth information using second message address data
`included in the second message.
`Thepresent invention has many advantages, a few ofwhich
`are delineated hereafter as merely examples.
`One advantageofthe present invention1s that it provides to
`the use of a plurality of modem modulation methods on the
`same communication medium.
`Another advantageofthe present invention is that a master
`transceiver can communicate seamlessly with tributary trans-
`ceivers or modemsusing incompatible modulation methods.
`Other features and advantagesofthe presentinvention will
`become apparentto one with skill in the art upon examination
`of the following drawings and detailed description. It is
`intended that all such additional features and advantages be
`included herein within the scope of the present invention.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Thepresent invention can be better understood with refer-
`ence to the following drawings. The components andrepre-
`sentations in the drawingsare not necessarily to scale, empha-
`sis
`instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the
`principles of the present invention. Moreover, in the draw-
`ings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts
`throughout the several views.
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram ofa prior art multipoint commu-
`nication system including a mastertransceiver and a plurality
`of tributary transceivers;
`FIG.2 is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of the
`multipoint communication system of FIG. 1;
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a master transceiver and
`tributary transceiver for use in the multipoint communication
`system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the principles of the
`present invention;
`FIG.4 is a block diagram of a multipoint communication
`system including the master transceiver and a plurality of
`tributary transceivers of the type illustrated in FIG.3;
`FIG.5 is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of the
`multipoint communication system of FIG. 4;
`FIG.6 is a state diagram for a tributary transceiver of FIGS.
`3-5 using a secondary modulation method in accordance with
`the principles of the present invention;
`FIG.7 is a state diagram for a tributary transceiver of FIGS.
`3-5 using a primary modulation method in accordance with
`the principles of the present invention; and
`FIG.8 is a signal diagram for an exemplary transmission
`according to an embodiment.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`While the invention is susceptible to various modifications
`and alternative forms, a specific embodimentthereofis shown
`by way of example in the drawings and will herein be
`described in detail. It should be understood, however, that
`there is no intent to limit the invention to the particular form
`disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to coverall
`modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the
`spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
`With reference to FIG. 1, a prior art multipoint communi-
`cation system 22 is shown to comprise a master modem or
`transceiver 24, which communicates with a plurality of tribu-
`tary modems(tribs) or transceivers 26-26 over communica-
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`40
`
`45
`
`55
`
`60
`
`4
`tion medium 28. Notethat all tribs 26-26 are identical in that
`they share a common modulation method with the master
`transceiver 24. Thus, before any communication can begin in
`multipoint system 22, the master transceiver and the tribs
`26-26 must agree on a common modulation method. If a
`common modulation methodis found, the master transceiver
`24 and a single trib 26 will then exchange sequences of
`signals that are particular subsets of all signals that can be
`communicated via the agreed upon common modulation
`method. These sequences are commonly referred to as train-
`ing signals and can be used for the following purposes: 1) to
`confirm that the common modulation methodis available, 2)
`to establish received signal level compensation, 3) to estab-
`lish time recovery and/orcarrier recovery, 4) to permit chan-
`nel equalization and/or echo cancellation, 5) to exchange
`parameters for optimizing performance and/or to select
`optional features, and 6) to confirm agreement with regard to
`the foregoing purposesprior to entering into data communi-
`cation mode betweenthe users. In a multipoint system, the
`address of the trib with which the master is establishing
`communication is also transmitted during the training inter-
`val. At the end of a data session a communicating pair of
`modemswill typically exchange a sequenceof signals known
`as trailing signals for the purpose ofreliably stopping the
`session and confirmingthat the session has been stopped. Ina
`multipoint system, failure to detect the end of a session will
`delay or disrupt a subsequentsession.
`Referring now to FIG. 2, an exemplary multipoint commu-
`nicationsessionis illustrated through use of a ladder diagram.
`This system uses polled multipoint communication protocol.
`Thatis, a master controls the initiation ofits own transmission
`to the tribs and permits transmission from a trib only when
`that trib has been selected. At the beginningofthe session, the
`master transceiver 24 establishes a common modulation as
`indicated by sequ