USOO8457228B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`US 8,457,228 B2
`(10) Patent N0.:
`Bremer
`
`(45) Date of Patent: *Jun. 4, 2013
`
`(54) SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
`COMMUNICATION USING AT LEAST TWO
`MODULATION METHODS
`
`375/305, 308; 455/102, 110; 332/108, 119,
`332/ 120, 151
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(76)
`
`Inventor: Gordon F. Bremer, Clearwater, FL (US)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`claimer.
`
`(21) Appl.No.: 13/198,568
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Aug. 4, 2011
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2012/0106604 A1
`
`May 3, 2012
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 12/543,910, filed on
`Aug. 19, 2009, now Pat. No. 8,023,580, which is a
`continuation of application No. 11/774,803, filed on
`Jul. 9, 2007, now Pat. No. 7,675,965, which is a
`continuation of application No. 10/412,878, filed on
`Apr. 14, 2003, now Pat. No. 7,248,626, which is a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 09/205,205,
`filed on Dec. 4, 1998, now Pat. No. 6,614,838.
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/067,562, filed on Dec.
`5,1997.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04L 5/12
`(52) U.S.Cl.
`USPC ........... 375/261; 375/295; 455/102; 332/108;
`332/119; 332/151
`
`(2006.01)
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`USPC ................. 375/261, 269, 285, 222, 298, 302,
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,736,528 A
`3,761,840 A
`3,970,926 A
`4,091,422 A
`4,335,464 A
`4,381,546 A
`
`5/1973 Acker et a1.
`9/1973 Bremer
`7/1976 Rigby et a1.
`5/1978 Amster
`6/1982 Armstrong et a1.
`4/1983 Armstrong
`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`“Conelrad Emergency Radio Notification System Born in 1951”,
`www.modestoradiomuseum.0rg, Accessed on Dec. 5, 2010, 2 pages.
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner 7 Dac Ha
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm 7 Condo Roccia LLP
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A device may be capable of communicating using at least two
`type types of modulation methods. Methods and systems are
`provided for communication of data according to a commu-
`nications method in which a master transceiver communi-
`
`cates with one or more slave transceivers according to a
`master/slave relationship. A first data message may include
`first information and second information that are modulated
`
`according to a first modulation method. The second informa-
`tion may include lower data rate data. A second data message
`may include third information that may be modulated accord-
`ing to the first modulation method and that may indicate an
`impending change to a second modulation method. The sec-
`ond modulation method may be used for transmitting fourth
`information, and the fourth information may be included in
`the second message. The fourth information may include
`higher data rate data, for example lntemet access data.
`
`52 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`Qualcomm Incorporated
`Exhibit 1006
`
`Page 1 of 23
`
`Qualcomm Incorporated
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 1 of 23
`
`

`

`US 8,457,228 B2
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`Page2
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`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2’§8§’§2§ A
`4,509,171 A
`4,516,216 A
`4,525,846 A
`4525 847 A
`4,532,640 A
`4,630,286 A
`4,645,871 A
`4654 807 A
`4,663,766 A
`4,677,625 A
`4,782,498 A
`4811357 A
`4,862,464 A
`4,924,516 A
`4926448 A
`4,939,748 A
`5,008,903 A
`5,050,536 A
`5,070,536 A
`5,081,647 A
`5,099,478 A
`5,168,535 A
`5,206,854 A
`5,230,010 A
`5,239,306 A
`5,239,607 A
`5,251,236 A
`5251328 A
`5,257,396 A
`5,280,503 A
`5,311,557 A
`5311578 A
`5,345,332 A
`5,355,362 A
`5,373,149 A
`5392154 A
`5,412,651 A
`5,414,540 A
`5,436,930 A
`5,444,704 A
`5,448,555 A
`5450456 A
`5,473,675 A
`5,475,713 A
`5,506,866 A
`5513 212 A
`5,513,213 A
`5521942 A
`5,530,718 A
`5,537,398 A
`5537411 A
`5,537,436 A
`5,540,456 A
`5548 222 A
`5,550,881 A
`5,559,791 A
`5,559,792 A
`5559810 A
`5,563,883 A
`5,570,295 A
`5,577,087 A
`5,602,869 A
`5,629,992 A
`5642379 A
`,
`,
`2,2215%: A
`5,671,250 A
`5,684,825 A
`5’684’834 A
`5,711,012 A
`5:719:922 A
`5,719,923 A
`5,748,811 A
`5,764,699 A
`5,793,800 A
`5,805,669 A
`
`$33? ESE: et a1
`4/1985 Bremeretal.
`5/1985 Armmong
`6/1985 Bremeretal.
`6/1985 B
`1
`t
`7/1985 Bremer
`”/1986 B23126” 3'
`2/1987 Bremeretal.
`3/1987 B
`5/1987 Bremer
`6/1987 132321331
`11/1988 Copeland, III
`”989 B
`1
`8/1989 13:32:21
`5/1990 Bremeretal.
`5/1990 Kr
`1
`t
`1
`7/1990 B a“ e ‘11
`4991 Befisetar
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`1
`”/1991 Ma}?
`“1992 Bremaelzeta'
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`12/1992 Laor
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`7/1993 Bettsetal.
`8/1993 Siwiaketal.
`8/1993 daSilvaetal.
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`10/1993 Shaw
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`5/1994 Bettsetal.
`1
`5/1994 B
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`1
`”/1995 0:16 er
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`5/1996 Befisetal
`6/1996 Gradeleretal.
`7/1996 Siwiak .......................... 370/204
`7/1996 P1
`7/1996 ngomsetal
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`8/1996 Jensen etal
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`9/1996 Bremeretal.
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`t
`1
`10/1996 (1116
`e 3'
`10/1996 Iseiggr etal
`“/1996 F
`g
`2/1997 51013133
`5/1997 Amersfoort etal.
`6/1997 Bremer
`.
`$33; gawds‘mt’ J11
`9/1997 B12333;
`“/1997 K0
`'
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`2/1998 Bremeretal.
`2/1998 Bremeretal.
`5/1998 Amersfoort etal.
`6/1998 Needham et 31.
`8/1998 Jylha etal.
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`
`~
`
`~
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`9/1998 Amersfoofi et al.
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`9/1998 Bettsetal.
`5,812,537 A
`10/1998 Antoniadesetal.
`5,825,517 A
`1%333 Eff: et 31'
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`12/1998 Betts et a1
`5,844,944 A
`'
`’
`’
`1/1999 Bettsetal.
`5,859,877 A
`3/1999 Bremeretal.
`5,881,047 A
`3/1999 Frapkeletal.
`5,881,142 A
`5/1999 sm‘th etal'
`5’901’205 A
`6/1999 Bremeretal.
`5,915,003 A
`8/1999 Pasternaketal.
`5,936,949 A
`8/1999 Poonetal.
`5,940,438 A
`9/1999 Bremer
`5’960’400 A
`10/1999 Frankeletal.
`5,963,620 A
`12/1999 Polleyetal.
`5,999,563 A
`“2000 Martmez etal'
`6’011’814 A
`2/2000 Schurretal.
`6,021,158 A
`2/2000 Bremeretal.
`6,031,897 A
`5/2000 Bremeretal.
`6,061,392 A
`5/2000 Beach
`6,067,297 A
`6/2000 Tzannesetal.
`6,072,779 A
`6/2000 Pateletal.
`6,075,512 A
`$888 T221
`2’833’323 A
`8/2000 Lam
`6’101’299 A
`-
`8/2000 H1
`6’108’347 A
`8/2000 1323112131“
`6’111’936 A
`1
`9,2000 F d. h
`6’125’148 A
`10/2000 Sagan?”
`6’134’245 A
`’
`’
`11/2000 Bremer
`6,154,524 A
`@3888 3:351:31'
`2,160,738 A
`“2001 Jackel
`6’175’436 B1
`.
`’
`’
`2/2001 Mathleuetal.
`6,185,083 B1
`3/2001 Schrammetal.
`6,208,663 B1*
`$881 5:0? 31'
`2,236,481 31
`’
`’
`5/2001 Bremeretal.
`6,236,717 B1
`6/2001 Holmquist
`6,243,391 B1
`$881 gjlman
`2,272,108, 31
`8/2001 Balfetal
`6,272,154 B1
`9/2001 Balaet 31'
`6,292,281 B1
`'
`’
`’
`10/2001 Balaetal.
`6,307,653 B1
`10/2001 Bremeretal.
`6,307,893 B1
`10/2001 Bremeretal.
`6,307,923 B1
`“/2001 Bremer
`6’320’879 B1
`11/2001 Laor
`6,320,993 B1
`”/2001 Bremer
`6’330’275 B1
`1/2002 Balaetal.
`6,335,992 B1
`£883 gfifiglim
`g’gjg’ggg 3
`'
`’
`’
`6/2002 Bremeretal.
`6,408,056 B1
`9/2002 Zyranskietal.
`6,445,733 B1
`10/2002 L1“
`6’470’110 B1
`11/2002 Peale etal.
`6,480,645 B1
`221232;; E @388; {finer
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`’
`’
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`6,549,692 B1
`6,556,540 B1
`6,580,709 B1
`6,580,785 B2
`6’591’029 B1
`6,597,827 B1
`6,603,894 B1
`6,614,838 B1*
`6,628,857 B1
`6,631,119 B1
`6,633,693 B1
`6,647,058 B1
`6,658,096 B2
`6,671,328 B1
`6,690,644 B1
`6,690,849 B1
`6,715,124 B1
`6,744,883 B1
`
`'
`
`4/2003 Bremeretal.
`4/2003 Hareletal.
`4/2003 Mawhinneyetal.
`6/2003 Gorsheetal.
`6/2003 Bremeretal.
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`7/2003 Breneretal.
`8/2003 Pu
`9/2003 Bremer ......................... 375/220
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`11/2003 Bremeretal.
`12/2003 Bremeretal.
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`2/2004 Gorshe
`2/2004 Dadap, Jr. etal.
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`
`............. 370/465
`
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`US 8,457,228 B2
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`Page 3
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`6,771,740 B1
`6,775,355 B1
`6,782,094 B1
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`6,885,730 B1
`6,922,415 B1
`6,950,444 B1
`6,970,501 B1
`7,006,445 B1
`7,013,421 B2
`7,020,266 B2
`7,023,829 B1
`7,035,380 B1
`7,046,798 B2
`7,058,833 B1
`7,065,205 B1
`7,127,048 B2
`7,130,338 B2
`7,155,016 B1
`7,170,867 B2
`7,248,626 B2
`7,272,215 B2
`7,289,604 B2
`7,289,610 B2
`7,352,803 B2
`7,471,777 B2
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`7,707,446 B2
`7,711,109 B2
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`
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`4/2005 Bremer
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`US 8,457,228 B2
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`* cited by examiner
`
`Page 4 of 23
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`Page 4 of 23
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 4, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 8
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`US 8,457,228 B2
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`US 8,457,228 B2
`
`1
`SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
`COMMUNICATION USING AT LEAST TWO
`MODULATION METHODS
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`This application is a continuation of US. application Ser.
`No. 12/543,910 filed on Aug. 19, 2009, which is a continua-
`tion of US. application Ser. No. 11/774,803, filed on Jul. 9,
`2007, which is a continuation of US. application Ser. No.
`10/412,878, filed Apr. 14, 2003, which is a continuation-in-
`part of US. application Ser. No. 09/205,205, filed Dec. 4,
`1998, and which claims priority to and the benefit ofthe filing
`date of US. Provisional Application No. 60/067,562, filed
`Dec. 5, 1997, each of which is incorporated by reference
`herein.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The present invention relates generally to the fields of data
`communications and modulator/demodulators (modems),
`and, more particularly, to a data communications system in
`which a plurality ofmodulation methods are used to facilitate
`communication among a plurality of modem types.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`In existing data communications systems, a transmitter and
`receiver modem pair can successfully communicate only
`when the modems are compatible at the physical layer. That
`is, the modems must use compatible modulation methods.
`This requirement is generally true regardless of the network
`topology. For example, point- to-point, dial-up modems oper-
`ate in either the industry standard V.34 mode or the industry
`standard V.22 mode. Similarly, in a multipoint architecture,
`all modems operate, for example, in the industry standard
`V.27bis mode. While the modems may be capable of using
`several different modulation methods, a single common
`modulation is negotiated at the beginning of a data session to
`be used throughout the duration of the session. Should it
`become necessary to change modulation methods, the exist-
`ing data session is torn down, and a new session is negotiated
`using the new modulation method. Clearly, tearing down an
`existing data session causes a significant disruption in com-
`munication between the two modems.
`
`As discussed in the foregoing, communication between
`modems is generally unsuccessful unless a common modu-
`lation method is used. In a point-to-point network architec-
`ture, if a modem attempts to establish a communication ses-
`sion with an incompatible modem, one or both ofthe modems
`will make several attempts to establish the communication
`link until giving up after a timeout period has expired or the
`maximum number of retry attempts has been reached. Essen-
`tially, communication on the link is impossible without
`replacing one of the modems such that the resulting modem
`pair uses a common modulation method.
`In a multipoint architecture, a single central, or “master,”
`modem communicates with two or more tributary or “trib”
`modems using a single modulation method. If one or more of
`the trib modems are not compatible with the modulation
`method used by the master, those tribs will be unable to
`receive communications from the master. Moreover, repeated
`attempts by the master to communicate with the incompatible
`trib(s) will disturb communications with compatible trib(s)
`due to time wasted in making the futile communication
`attempts.
`
`10
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`Thus, communication systems comprised ofboth high per-
`formance and low or moderate performance applications can
`be very cost inefficient to construct. For example, some appli-
`cations (e.g.,
`internet access) require high performance
`modulation,
`such as quadrature amplitude modulation
`(QAM), carrier amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation, or
`discrete multitone (DMT) modulation, while other applica-
`tions (e.g., power monitoring and control) require only mod-
`est data rates and therefore a low performance modulation
`method. All users in the system will generally have to be
`equipped with a high performance modem to ensure modu-
`lation compatibility. These state of the art modems are then
`run at their lowest data rates for those applications that require
`relatively low data throughput performance. The replacement
`of inexpensive modems with much more expensive state of
`the art devices due to modulation compatibility imposes a
`substantial cost that is unnecessary in terms ofthe service and
`performance to be delivered to the end user.
`Accordingly, what is sought, and what is not believed to be
`provided by the prior art, is a system and method of commu-
`nication in which multiple modulation methods are used to
`facilitate communication among a plurality of modems in a
`network, which have heretofore been incompatible.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`The present invention disclosed herein includes methods
`and systems for communication of data according to a com-
`munications method in which a master transceiver commu-
`
`nicates with one or more slave transceivers according to a
`master/slave relationship. Communication from the one or
`more slave transceivers may be in response to a communica-
`tion from the master to at least one of the one or more slave
`
`transceivers. Example communication methods may include
`transmitting at least a first message, which may be low data
`rate message, of a plurality of data messages. The plurality of
`data messages may be transmitted over a communication
`medium from the master transceiver to the one or more slave
`
`transceivers. The first message may include first information,
`and the first information may be modulated according to a
`first modulation method. The first message may include sec-
`ond information. The second information may be modulated
`according to the first modulation method. The second infor-
`mation may comprise lower data rate data, for example low
`data rate application data. The first message may include first
`message address data that may be indicative of an identity of
`one of the one or more slave transceivers as an intended
`
`destination of the second information. Example communica-
`tion methods may include transmitting a second message,
`which may be a high data rate message, ofthe plurality of data
`messages. The second message may comprise third informa-
`tion (e.g., first information of the second message/high data
`rate message), and the third information may be modulated
`according to the first modulation method. The third informa-
`tion may be indicative of an impending change in modulation
`to a second modulation method for transmission of fourth
`
`information (e. g., second information ofthe second message/
`high data rate message). The second message may comprise
`the fourth information, and the fourth information may be
`transmitted after transitioning from the first modulation
`method to the second modulation method. The fourth infor-
`
`mation may be modulated according to the second modula-
`tion method. The second modulation method may be of a
`different type than the first modulation method. The fourth
`information may comprise higher data rate data, for example
`Internet access application data. The fourth information may
`be intended for a single slave transceiver of the one or more
`
`Page 13 of 23
`
`Page 13 of 23
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`

`

`US 8,457,228 B2
`
`3
`slave transceivers. The higher data rate data may be transmit-
`ted at a higher data rate than the low data rate application data.
`The second message may indicate an identity of the single
`slave transceiver as being an intended destination of the
`fourth information using second message address data
`included in the second message.
`The present invention has many advantages, a few ofwhich
`are delineated hereafter as merely examples.
`One advantage ofthe present invention is that it provides to
`the use of a plurality of modem modulation methods on the
`same communication medium.
`
`Another advantage of the present invention is that a master
`transceiver can communicate seamlessly with tributary trans-
`ceivers or modems using incompatible modulation methods.
`Other features and advantages ofthe present invention will
`become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination
`of the following drawings and detailed description. It is
`intended that all such additional features and advantages be
`included herein within the scope of the present invention.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The present invention can be better understood with refer-
`ence to the following drawings. The components and repre-
`sentations in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, empha-
`sis
`instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the
`principles of the present invention. Moreover, in the draw-
`ings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts
`throughout the several views.
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art multipoint commu-
`nication system including a master transceiver and a plurality
`of tributary transceivers;
`FIG. 2 is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of the
`multipoint communication system of FIG. 1;
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a master transceiver and
`tributary transceiver for use in the multipoint communication
`system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the principles of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a multipoint communication
`system including the master transceiver and a plurality of
`tributary transceivers of the type illustrated in FIG. 3;
`FIG. 5 is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of the
`multipoint communication system of FIG. 4;
`FIG. 6 is a state diagram for a tributary transceiver of FIGS.
`3-5 using a secondary modulation method in accordance with
`the principles of the present invention;
`FIG. 7 is a state diagram for a tributary transceiver of FIGS.
`3-5 using a primary modulation method in accordance with
`the principles of the present invention; and
`FIG. 8 is a signal diagram for an exemplary transmission
`according to an embodiment.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`While the invention is susceptible to various modifications
`and alternative forms, a specific embodiment thereofis shown
`by way of example in the drawings and will herein be
`described in detail. It should be understood, however, that
`there is no intent to limit the invention to the particular form
`disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all
`modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the
`spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
`With reference to FIG. 1, a prior art multipoint communi-
`cation system 22 is shown to comprise a master modem or
`transceiver 24, which communicates with a plurality of tribu-
`tary modems (tribs) or transceivers 26-26 over communica-
`
`10
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`tion medium 28. Note that all tribs 26-26 are identical in that
`
`they share a common modulation method with the master
`transceiver 24. Thus, before any communication can begin in
`multipoint system 22, the master transceiver and the tribs
`26-26 must agree on a common modulation method. If a
`common modulation method is found, the master transceiver
`24 and a single trib 26 will then exchange sequences of
`signals that are particular subsets of all signals that can be
`communicated via the agreed upon common modulation
`method. These sequences are commonly referred to as train-
`ing signals and can be used for the following purposes: 1) to
`confirm that the common modulation method is available, 2)
`to establish received signal level compensation, 3) to estab-
`lish time recovery and/or carrier recovery, 4) to permit chan-
`nel equalization and/or echo cancellation, 5) to exchange
`parameters for optimizing performance and/or to select
`optional features, and 6) to confirm agreement with regard to
`the foregoing purposes prior to entering into data communi-
`cation mode between the users. In a multipoint system, the
`address of the trib with which the master is establishing
`communication is also transmitted during the training inter-
`val. At the end of a data session a communicating pair of
`modems will typically exchange a sequence of signals known
`as trailing signals for the purpose of reliably stopping the
`session and confirming tha