USOO8374161B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Malladi
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,374,161 B2
`Feb. 12, 2013
`
`(54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SENDING
`DATA AND CONTROL INFORMATION INA
`WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`(75) Inventor: Durga Prasad Malladi, San Diego, CA
`(US)
`
`(73) Assignee: QUALCOMM Incorporated, San
`Diego, CA (US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1127 days.
`(21) Appl. No.: 11/773,943
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Jul. 5, 2007
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2008/0090528A1
`Apr. 17, 2008
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/819,268, filed on Jul. 7,
`2006.
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`H04 IAO)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ......................... 370/343; 370/465; 370/480
`(58) Field of Classification Search ........................ None
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
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`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Samsung: “Data and Control Multiplexing in DFT-S-OFDM 3GPP
`TSG RAN WG1 # 42BIS, Online Oct. 10, 2005, pp. 1-5,
`XP002451 166 San Diego, USA Retrieved from the Internet:
`URL:http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg ran/WG 1. RL1/TSGR1 42bis/
`Docs/R1-051039.zip> retrieved on Sep. 17, 2007).
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner — Kevin C Harper
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Peng Zhu
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`Techniques for sending control information in a communica
`tion system are described. In an aspect, control information
`may be sent in a first frequency location (e.g., a first set of
`Subcarriers) if data is not being sent and in a second frequency
`location (e.g., a second set of subcarriers) if data is being sent.
`In another aspect, control information may be processed in
`accordance with a first processing scheme if data is not being
`sent and with a second processing scheme if data is being sent.
`In one design of the first scheme, a CAZAC sequence may be
`modulated with each modulation symbol for control informa
`tion to obtain a corresponding modulated CAZAC sequence,
`which may be sent on the first set of Subcarriers. In one design
`of the second scheme, modulation symbols for control infor
`mation may be combined with modulation symbols for data,
`transformed to frequency domain, and mapped to the second
`set of subcarriers.
`
`43 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`1200
`
`Receive an assignment of
`subcarriers for downlink transmission
`
`Determine a first frequency
`location to use for sending control
`information based on the assignment
`
`Send control information in
`the first frequency location
`if data is not being sent
`
`Send control information and data
`in a second frequency location
`different from the first frequency
`location if data is being sent
`
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`US 8,374,161 B2
`Page 2
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`WO
`WO2O05117385
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`WO WO2006O15334 A1
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`200708.4482
`7/2007
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Huawei: “Further consideration on multiplexing method if Shared
`Control Channel in Uplink Single-Carrier FDMA” Internet Citation,
`Online Nov. 7, 2005, XP002451 165, Seoul, Korea, Retrieved from
`the Internet: URL:http//www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg ran/WG 1. RL1/
`TSGR1 43/Docs/R1-051430zip> retrieved on Sep. 17, 2007).
`Kawamura T. et al.: “Layer 1 f Layer 2 control channel structure in
`signal-carrier FDMA based evolved UTRA uplink” 2007 IEEE 65th
`Vehicular Technology Conference, Apr. 22, 2007, pp. 2941-2945,
`XP002483429, IEEE Piscataway, NJ, USA.
`Branislav M Popovic: "Spreading sequences for Multicarrier CDMA
`Systems' IEEE Transactions on Communications, IEEE Service
`Center, Piscataway, NJ. US, vol. 47, No. 6, Jun. 1, 1999,
`XPO11009440.
`Carni E et al: "Synchronous CDMA Based on the Cyclical Transla
`tions of a CAZAC Sequence” Wireless Communication Systems,
`2005. 2nd International Symposium on Siena, Italy Sep. 5-9, 2005,
`Piscataway, NJ,USA, IEEE, pp. 442-446, XPO1088.6290.
`Byoung-Jo Choi et al: “Crest-factor study of MC-CDMA and
`OFDM” Vehicular Technology Conference, 199. VTC 1999-Fall.
`IEEE VTS 50th Amsterdam, Netherlands Sep. 19-22, 1999,
`Piscataway, NJ,USA, IEEE, US, vol. 1, pp. 233-237, XPO 10352874.
`Qualcomm Europe: “Link Analysis of ACK Channel in Uplink”
`3GPP TSG RAN WG1#45. Online May 8, 2006, pp. 1-8,
`
`XP002483430, Shanghai, China, Retrieved from the Internet:
`URL:http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg ran/WG 1. RL1/TSGR1 45/
`Docs/R1-061517.zip> retrieved on Jun. 6, 2008).
`International Search Report PCT/US2007/072990, International
`Search Authority—European Patent Office—Jun. 23, 2008.
`Written Opinion PCT/US2007/072990, International Search
`Authority—European Patent Office—Jun. 23, 2008.
`3rd Generation Partnership Project: “Physical layer aspects for
`evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA). Release 7"
`(Online) Jun. 15, 2006, pp. 67-78, XP002474356.
`Motorola: “E-UTRAUplink Control Channel Design and TP” #GPP
`TSG RANWG1 #44. (Online) Feb. 13-17, 2006 XP002474357.
`Motorola: "Uplink Control Signaling Considerations for E-UTRA”
`3GPP TSG RAN WG1 #45. (Online) May 8-12, 2006,
`XPOO2474358.
`Kobayashi Hetal: “Proposal of single carrier OFDM technique with
`adaptive modulation method”. The 57th IEEE Semiannual Vehicular
`Technology Conference Held In Jeju, Korea, vol. 4, Apr. 22-25, 2003
`pp. 1915-1919, XPO 10862477 New York, NY, USA ISBN: 0-7803
`7757-5.
`Partial International Search Report PCT/US07/072990, Interna
`tional Search Authority—European Patent Office—Apr. 14, 2008.
`Popovic B.M., Spreading Sequence for Multi-Carrier CDMA Sys
`tems IEE colloquiums on CDMA techniques and Applications for
`Third Generation Mobile Systems (1997).
`Interdigital; "Scheduling and Multiplexing of CQI and ACKNACK
`Feedback for Single Carrier FDMA in Evolved UTRA Uplink',
`TSG-RAN WG1 WG1 LTE Ad Hoc Meeting, Document
`#R1-060 155, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 1-8, XP002446639, Jan. 23-25,
`2006.
`Ntt DoCoMo et. al., “Data-non-associated L1/L2 Control Channel
`Structure for E-UTRA Uplink”,3GPP TSG RAN WG1 LTE Ad Hoc
`R1-061675, Jun. 30, 2006, pp. 1-6.
`Taiwan Search Report TWO96125004 TIPO-Aug. 1, 2011.
`
`* cited by examiner
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`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 12, 2013
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`Sheet 2 of 15
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`US 8,374,161 B2
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`Sheet 3 of 15
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`Feb. 12, 2013
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`Sheet 4 of 15
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`US 8,374,161 B2
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`Fred
`
`Transmission of Control information on
`Subcarriers in assigned Control segment
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`Pilot
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`Pilot
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`:
`
`FIG. 4A
`
`Time
`
`
`
`Transmission of data and Control information
`Fred
`On Subcarriers in assigned data segment
`Other pa Other
`Other
`Other
`Other pa Other
`
`UE
`Data
`
`Pilot
`
`UE
`Data
`
`UE
`Data
`
`UE
`Data
`
`UE
`Data
`
`Pilot
`
`UE
`Data
`
`SSSSSSSSSS Š SSSS
`
`SSSSSSSSS
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`Pilot
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`SSSSSSSS SSS Š S
`S
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`Other
`UE
`Data
`
`Pilot
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`US 8,374,161 B2
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`JOSS0001)JOSS30OJ)
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`US 8,374,161 B2
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`t
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`(1)S
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`US 8,374,161 B2
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`US 8,374,161 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Feb. 12, 2013
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`Sheet 10 of 15
`
`US 8,374,161 B2
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`
`
`1300
`
`Receive an assignment of
`Subcarriers for downlink transmission
`
`Module to receive an assignment of
`Subcarriers for downlink transmission
`
`Determine a first frequency
`location to use for sending control
`information based on the assignment
`
`Module to determine a first frequency
`location to use for sending Control
`information based on the assignment
`
`Send Control information in
`the first frequency location
`if data is not being sent
`
`Module to Send Control
`information in the first frequency
`location if data is not being sent
`
`Send Control information and data
`in a second frequency location
`different from the first frequency
`location if data is being sent
`
`Module to Send Control information
`and data in a second frequency
`location different from the first
`frequency location if data is being sent
`
`FIG. 12
`
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`Feb. 12, 2013
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`Sheet 11 of 15
`
`US 8,374,161 B2
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`
`
`1500
`
`Send an assignment of subcarriers
`for downlink transmission to a UE
`
`Module to Send an
`assignment of subcarriers for
`downlink transmission to a UE
`
`Determine a first frequency location to
`be used by the UE for sending control
`information based on the assignment
`
`Receive Control information
`from the UE in the first frequency
`location if data is not sent by the UE
`
`Receive Control information
`and data from the UE in a
`Second frequency location
`different from the first frequency
`location if data is sent by the UE
`
`FIG. 14
`
`Module to determine a first
`frequency location to be used
`by the UE for sending control
`information based on the assignment
`
`Module to receive Control information
`from the UE in the first frequency
`location if data is not sent by the UE
`
`Module to receive Control
`information and data from the
`UE in a second frequency location
`different from the first frequency
`location if data is sent by the UE
`
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`Feb. 12, 2013
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`Sheet 12 of 15
`
`US 8,374,161 B2
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`1600
`1
`
`1610
`
`Process Control information in
`accordance with a first processing
`scheme if data is not being sent
`
`Process Control information
`to obtain modulation symbols
`
`1620
`
`1812
`
`1814
`
`Combine modulation symbols
`for Control information with
`modulation symbols for data, e.g.,
`by multiplexing the control and data
`modulation symbols or by puncturing
`some of the data modulation symbols
`with the control modulation symbols
`
`Transform the COmbined
`modulation symbols from the time
`domain to the frequency domain to
`obtain frequency-domain Symbols
`1818
`Map the frequency-domain symbols
`to a second set of Subcarriers
`
`FIG. 18
`
`Process Control information in
`accordance with a second processing
`scheme if data is being sent
`
`
`
`
`
`1610
`
`Process Control information
`to obtain modulation symbols
`
`Modulate a CAZAC sequence
`(e.g., a Chu Sequence) with
`each of the modulation symbols
`to obtain a corresponding
`modulated CAZAC sequence
`
`Map each modulated CAZAC
`sequence to a first set of Subcarriers
`
`FIG. 17
`
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`Feb. 12, 2013
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`Sheet 13 of 15
`
`US 8,374,161 B2
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`1900
`
`1920
`
`1910
`Module to process control information
`in accordance with a first processing
`scheme if data is not being sent
`
`
`
`2112
`Module to process control information
`to obtain modulation symbols
`
`Module to process control information
`in accordance with a second
`processing Scheme if data is being sent
`
`FIG. 19
`
`Module to Combine modulation
`symbols for control information with
`modulation symbols for data, e.g.,
`by multiplexing the control and data
`modulation symbols or by puncturing
`some of the data modulation symbols
`with the control modulation symbols
`
`Module to transform the Combined
`modulation symbols from the time
`domain to the frequency domain to
`obtain frequency-domain symbols
`
`1910
`
`Module to map the frequency-domain
`symbols to a second set of subcarriers
`
`2012
`Module to process control information
`to obtain modulation symbols
`
`FIG 21
`
`
`
`
`
`Module to modulate a CAZAC
`Sequence (e.g., a Chu Sequence)
`with each of the modulation
`symbols to obtain a corresponding
`modulated CAZAC sequence
`
`Module to map each
`modulated CAZAC sequence
`to a first set of Subcarriers
`
`FIG. 20
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`Sheet 14 of 15
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`US 8,374,161 B2
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`
`
`2300
`
`2200
`
`Obtain received symbols for a
`UE from a first Set of Subcarriers
`if data is not sent by the UE or
`from a Second Set of Subcarriers
`if data is sent by the UE
`
`Process the received symbols
`for the UE in accordance with a
`first processing scheme to obtain
`Control information for the UE if
`data is not sent by the UE
`
`Process the received symbols
`for the UE in acCordance with
`a second processing Scheme
`to obtain Control information for
`the UE if data is sent by the UE
`
`FIG. 22
`
`Module to obtain received
`symbols for a UE from a first set
`of Subcarriers if data is not sent
`by the UE or from a second set of
`subcarriers if data is sent by the UE
`
`Module to process the received
`symbols for the UE in accordance
`with a first processing scheme to
`obtain Control information for the
`UE if data is not sent by the UE
`
`Module to process the received
`symbols for the UE in accordance
`with a second processing scheme
`to obtain Control information for
`the UE if data is sent by the UE
`
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`Sheet 15 Of 15
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`US 8,374,161 B2
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`
`
`2500
`
`2400
`
`Determine a frequency
`location to use for sending control
`information based on an assignment
`for downlink transmission
`
`Module to determine a frequency
`location to use for sending control
`information based on an assignment
`for downlink transmission
`
`Process Control information
`(e.g., ACK and/or CQl information)
`based on a CAZAC sequence
`(e.g., a Chu Sequence)
`to obtain modulated symbols
`
`Module to process control information
`(e.g., ACK and/or CQ information)
`based on a CAZAC sequence
`(e.g., a Chu Sequence)
`to obtain modulated symbols
`
`Send the modulated
`symbols in the frequency location
`determined based on the assignment
`
`Module to send the modulated
`symbols in the frequency location
`determined based on the assignment
`
`FIG. 24
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`1.
`METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SENDING
`DATA AND CONTROL INFORMATION INA
`WRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`The present application claims priority to provisional U.S.
`Application Ser. No. 60/819,268, entitled “A METHOD
`AND APPARATUS FOR AN ACK CHANNEL FOR
`OFDMA SYSTEM filed Jul. 7, 2006, assigned to the
`assignee hereof and incorporated herein by reference.
`
`5
`
`10
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`15
`
`I. Field
`The present disclosure relates generally to communication,
`and more specifically to techniques for sending data and
`control information in a wireless communication system.
`II. Background
`Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to
`provide various communication services such as Voice, video,
`packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These wireless sys
`tems may be multiple-access systems capable of Supporting
`multiple users by sharing the available system resources.
`Examples of Such multiple-access systems include Code
`Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division
`Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Mul
`25
`tiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal FDMA
`(OFDMA) systems, and Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
`systems.
`In a wireless communication system, a Node B (or base
`station) may transmit data to a user equipment (UE) on the
`downlink and/or receive data from the UE on the uplink. The
`downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link
`from the Node B to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link)
`refers to the communication link from the UE to the Node B.
`The Node B may also transmit control information (e.g.,
`35
`assignments of system resources) to the UE. Similarly, the UE
`may transmit control information to the Node B to support
`data transmission on the downlink and/or for other purposes.
`It is desirable to send data and control information as effi
`ciently as possible in order to improve system performance.
`
`30
`
`40
`
`SUMMARY
`
`Techniques for sending data and control information in a
`wireless communication system are described herein. Con
`45
`trol information may comprise acknowledgement (ACK)
`information, channel quality indicator (COI) information,
`and/or other information. A UE may send only control infor
`mation, or only data, or both control information and data in
`a given time interval.
`In an aspect, control information may be sent in a first
`frequency location if data is not being sent and in a second
`frequency location if data is being sent. The first frequency
`location may correspond to a first set of Subcarriers assigned
`to the UE for sending control information and may be asso
`ciated with an assignment of Subcarriers for downlink trans
`mission. The second frequency location may correspond to a
`second set of Subcarriers assigned to the UE for sending data
`when there is data to send. The first and second sets may each
`include contiguous Subcarriers, which may improve peak-to
`average ratio (PAR) of a single-carrier frequency division
`multiplexing (SC-FDM) waveform carrying control informa
`tion and/or data.
`In another aspect, control information may be processed in
`accordance with a first processing scheme if data is not being
`sent and in accordance with a second processing scheme if
`data is being sent. For both schemes, control information may
`
`50
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`55
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`60
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`US 8,374,161 B2
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`2
`be processed (e.g., encoded and symbol mapped) to obtain
`modulation symbols. In one design of the first processing
`scheme, a CAZAC (constant amplitude Zero auto-correla
`tion) sequence may be modulated with each of the modula
`tion symbols to obtain a corresponding modulated CAZAC
`sequence, which may then be mapped to the first set of Sub
`carriers. In one design of the second processing scheme, the
`modulation symbols for control information may be com
`bined with modulation symbols for data, e.g., by multiplexing
`these modulation symbols or by puncturing some of the
`modulation symbols for data. The combined modulation
`symbols may be transformed from the time domain to the
`frequency domain and then mapped to the second set of
`subcarriers. For both schemes, SC-FDM symbols may be
`generated based on the symbols mapped to the first or second
`set of subcarriers.
`The modulation symbols for control information may be
`generated based on a first modulation scheme (e.g., a fixed
`modulation scheme such as QPSK) if data is not being sent.
`These modulation symbols may be generated based on a
`second modulation scheme (e.g., a modulation scheme used
`for data) if data is being sent. Control information may also be
`encoded based on a first coding scheme if data is not being
`sent and based on a second coding scheme if data is being
`Sent.
`Various aspects and features of the disclosure are described
`in further detail below.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system.
`FIG. 2 shows downlink transmission by a Node B and
`uplink transmission by a UE.
`FIG.3 shows a structure for transmitting data and control
`information.
`FIG. 4A shows transmission of control information on the
`uplink.
`FIG. 4B shows transmission of control information and
`data on the uplink.
`FIG. 5A shows transmission of control information with
`frequency hopping.
`FIG. 5B shows transmission of control information and
`data with frequency hopping.
`FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a Node B and a UE.
`FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a modulator for control
`information.
`FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a modulated CAZAC
`sequence unit.
`FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a modulator for data.
`FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of a modulator for control
`information and data.
`FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a demodulator.
`FIGS. 12 and 13 show a process and an apparatus, respec
`tively, for sending control information in different frequency
`locations.
`FIGS. 14 and 15 show a process and an apparatus, respec
`tively, for receiving control information from different fre
`quency locations.
`FIGS. 16 and 19 show a process and an apparatus, respec
`tively, for sending control information with different process
`ing schemes.
`FIGS. 17 and 20 show a process and an apparatus, respec
`tively, for sending control information based on a first pro
`cessing scheme when no data is being sent.
`FIGS. 18 and 21 show a process and an apparatus, respec
`tively, for sending control information based on a second
`processing scheme when data is being sent.
`
`Optis Cellular Ex 2035-p. 18
`Apple v Optis Cellular
`IPR2020-00465
`
`

`

`US 8,374,161 B2
`
`3
`FIGS. 22 and 23 show a process and an apparatus, respec
`tively, for receiving control information with different pro
`cessing schemes.
`FIGS. 24 and 25 show a process and an apparatus, respec
`tively, for sending control information.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`4
`control information may also be referred to as control, over
`head, signaling, etc. The control information may comprise
`ACK/NAK, CQI, other information, or any combination
`thereof. The type and amount of control information may be
`dependent on various factors such as the number of data
`streams being sent, whether multiple-input multiple-output
`(MIMO) is used for transmission, etc. For simplicity, much of
`the following description assumes that control information
`comprises ACK and CQI information. In the example shown
`in FIG. 2, the UE transmits data and control information in
`time intervals n and n+6, only control information in time
`intervals n+3 and n+12, only data in time interval n+9, and no
`data or control information in the remaining time intervals in
`FIG. 2. The UE may efficiently transmit data and/or control
`information as described below.
`In general, the transmission techniques described herein
`may be used for uplink transmission as well as downlink
`transmission. The techniques may also be used for various
`wireless communication systems such as CDMA, TDMA,
`FDMA, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA systems. The terms “sys
`tem’’ and “network” are often used interchangeably. A
`CDMA system may implement a radio technology Such as
`Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc.
`UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) and Low
`Chip Rate (LCR). cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and
`IS-856 standards. A TDMA system may implement a radio
`technology such as Global System for Mobile Communica
`tions (GSM). An OFDMA system may implement a radio
`technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11,
`IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM(R), etc. These vari
`ous radio technologies and standards are known in the art.
`UTRA, E-UTRA, and GSM are part of Universal Mobile
`Telecommunication System (UMTS). Long Term Evolution
`(LTE) is an upcoming release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA.
`UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in
`documents from an organization named "3rd Generation
`Partnership Project” (3GPP). cdma2000 is described in docu
`ments from an organization named "3rd Generation Partner
`ship Project 2 (3GPP2). For clarity, certain aspects of the
`techniques are described below for uplink transmission in
`LTE, and 3GPP terminology is used in much of the descrip
`tion below.
`LTE utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
`(OFDM) on the downlink and single-carrier frequency divi
`sion multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. OFDM and SC
`FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (N)
`orthogonal Subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to
`as tones, bins, etc. Each Subcarrier may be modulated with
`data. In general, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency
`domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM.
`For LTE, the spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be
`fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (N) may be depen
`dent on the system bandwidth. In one design, N=512 for a
`system bandwidth of 5 MHz, N=1024 for a system bandwidth
`of 10 MHz, and N=2048 for a system bandwidth of 20 MHz.
`In general, N may be any integer value.
`FIG.3 shows a design of a structure 300 that may be used
`for sending data and control information. The transmission
`time line may be partitioned into slots. A slot may have a fixed
`duration, e.g., 0.5 milliseconds (ms), or a configurable dura
`tion and may also be referred to as a transmission time inter
`val (TTI), etc. In the design shown in FIG. 3, a slot includes
`eight symbol periods—six long symbol periods used for data
`and control information and two short symbol periods used
`for pilot. Each short symbol period may be half the duration
`of a long symbol period. A short symbol period may corre
`spond to a short block (SB), and a long symbol period may
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`FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system 100 with
`multiple Node Bs 110 and multiple UEs 120. A Node B is
`generally a fixed station that communicates with the UEs and
`may also be referred to as an evolved Node B (eNode B), a
`base station, an access point, etc. Each Node B 110 provides
`communication coverage for a particular geographic area and
`supports communication for the UEs located within the cov
`erage area. The term “cell' can refer to a Node B and/or its
`coverage area depending on the context in which the term is
`used. A system controller 130 may couple to the Node Bs and
`provide coordination and control for these Node Bs. System
`controller 130 may be a single network entity or a collection
`of network entities, e.g., an Access Gateway (AGW), a Radio
`Network Controller (RNC), etc.
`UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the system, and each
`UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may also be referred to
`as a mobile station, a mobile equipment, a terminal, an access
`terminal, a Subscriber unit, a station, etc. A UE may be a
`cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless
`communication device, a handheld device, a wireless
`modem, a laptop computer, etc.
`A Node B may transmit data to one or more UEs on the
`downlink and/or receive data from one or more UEs on the
`uplink at any given moment. The Node B may also transmit
`control information to the UEs and/or receive control infor
`mation from the UEs. In FIG. 1, a solid line with double
`arrows (e.g., between Node B 110a and UE 120b) represents
`data transmission on the downlink and uplink, and transmis
`sion of control information on the uplink. A solid line with a
`single arrow pointing to a UE (e.g., UE 120e) represents data
`transmission on the downlink, and transmission of control
`information on the uplink. A solid line with a single arrow
`40
`pointing from a UE (e.g., UE 120c) represents transmission of
`data and control information on the uplink. A dashed line with
`a single arrow pointing from a UE (e.g., UE 110a) represents
`transmission of control information (but no data) on the
`uplink. Transmission of control information on the downlink
`is not shown in FIG. 1 for simplicity. A given UE may receive
`data on the downlink, transmit data on the uplink, and/or
`transmit control information on the uplink at any given
`moment.
`FIG. 2 shows example downlink transmission by a Node B
`and uplink transmission by a UE. The UE may periodically
`estimate the downlink channel quality for the Node B and
`may send CQI to the Node B. The Node B may use the CQI to
`select a Suitable rate (e.g., a code rate and a modulation
`scheme) to use for downlink data transmission to the UE. The
`Node B may process and transmit data to the UE whenever
`there is data to send and system resources are available. The
`UE may process a downlink data transmission from the Node
`B and may send an acknowledgement (ACK) if the data is
`decoded correctly or a negative acknowledgement (NAK) if 60
`the data is decoded in error. The Node B may retransmit the
`data if a NAK is received and may transmit new data if an
`ACK is received. The UE may also transmit data on the uplink
`to the Node B whenever there is data to send and the UE is
`assigned uplink resources.
`As shown in FIG. 2, the UE may transmit data and/or
`control information, or neither, in any given time interval. The
`
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`Optis Cellular Ex 2035-p. 19
`Apple v Optis Cellular
`IPR2020-00465
`
`

`

`US 8,374,161 B2
`
`10
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`15
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`5
`correspond to a long block (LB). In another design, a slot
`includes seven symbol periods of equal duration—six symbol
`periods used for data and control information and one symbol
`period (e.g., in the middle of the slot) used for pilot. In
`general, a slot may include any number of symbol periods,
`which may have equal or different durations. Each symbol
`period may be used for data, control information, pilot, or any
`combination thereof.
`In the design shown in FIG. 3, the N total subcarriers may
`be divided into a data section and a control section. The
`control section may beformed at the lower edge of the system
`bandwidth, as shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively or additionally,
`a control section may be formed at the upper edge of the
`system bandwidth. A control section may have a configurable
`size, which may be selected based on the amount of control
`information being sent on the uplink by the UEs. The data
`section may include all Subcarriers not included in the control
`section(s). The design in FIG. 3 results in the data section
`including contiguous Subcarriers, which allows a single UE to
`be assigned all of the contiguous Subcarriers in the data sec
`tion.
`A UE may be assigned a control segment of M contiguous
`subcarriers, where M may be a fixed or configurable value. A
`control segment may also be referred to as a physical uplink
`control channel (PUCCH). In one design, a control segment
`includes an integer multiple of 12 subcarriers. There may be
`a mapping between Subcarriers assigned to the UE for down
`link data transmission and Subcarriers in the control segment
`for the UE. The UE would then know which subcarriers to use
`for its control segment based on the assigned Subcarriers for
`the downlink. The UE may also be assigned a data segment of
`Q contiguous subcarriers, where Q may be a fixed or config
`urable value. A data segment may also be referred to as a
`physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In one design, a
`data segment includes an integer multiple of 12 Subcarriers.
`The UE may also be assigned no data segment or no control
`segment in a given slot.
`It may be desirable for a UE to transmit on contiguous
`subcarriers using SC-FDM, which is referred to as localized
`frequency division multiplexing (LFDM). Transmitting on
`contiguous Subcarriers (instead of non-contiguous Subcarri
`ers) may result in a lower peak-to-average ratio (PAR). PAR
`is the ratio of the peak power of a waveform to the average
`power of the waveform. A low PAR is desirable since it may
`allow a power amplifier (PA) to be operated at an average
`45
`output power closer to the peak output power. This, in turn,
`may improve throughput and/or link margin for the UE.
`The UE may be assigned a control segment located near an
`edge of the system bandwidth. The UE may also be assigned
`a data segment within the data section. The subcarriers for the
`control segment may not be adjacent to the Subcarriers for the
`data segment. The UE may send data in the data segment and
`may send control infor