USOO8467367B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Malladi et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8.467,367 B2
`Jun. 18, 2013
`
`(54) MULTIPLEXING ANDTRANSMISSION OF
`TRAFFC DATA AND CONTROL
`INFORMATION IN A WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`(75) Inventors: Durga Prasad Malladi, San Diego, CA
`(US); Juan Montojo, San Diego, CA
`(US)
`(73) Assignee: QUALCOMM Incorporated, San
`Diego, CA (US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 988 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 12/185.597
`(22) Filed:
`Aug. 4, 2008
`(65)
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2009/OO73922 A1
`Mar. 19, 2009
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/954.299, filed on Aug.
`6, 2007.
`
`51) Int. C.
`(51)
`H04 IAO)
`2006.O1
`(
`)
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`USPC ............................ 370/343; 370/480; 370/537
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`None
`See application file for complete search history
`References Cited
`
`(56)
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`6,101,168 A * 8/2000 Chen et al. .................... 370,228
`6,363,058 B1* 3/2002 Roobol et al. ................ 370,310
`6,735,180 B1* 5/2004 Malkamaki et al. .......... 370/343
`7,133,354 B2 * 1 1/2006 Laroia et al. .................. 370,343
`
`EP
`FR
`
`7,260,366 B2 * 8/2007 Lee et al. ...................... 370/480
`7,796.562 B2 * 9/2010 Sung ...........
`370,310
`7,881,247 B2* 2/2011 Panet al. ...
`370,319
`2002fO149496 A1* 10, 2002 Dabak et al. ...
`... 34.0/11.1
`2005/0197065 A1
`9, 2005 Tamaki et al. .................. 455/42
`2007/0014272 A1
`1/2007 Palanki et al. ................ 370,344
`2007/0171995 A1
`7/2007 Muharemovic et al.
`2007/0183386 A1* 8, 2007 Muharemovic et al. ...... 370,344
`(Continued)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`1806867 A2
`7/2007
`2867344
`9, 2005
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`International Search Report—PCT/US08/072254—International
`Search Authority—European Patent Office—Dec. 3, 2008.
`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner — Jeffrey M. Rutkowski
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Peng Zhu
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`Techniques for transmitting traffic data and control informa
`tion in a wireless communication system are described. In an
`aspect, traffic data and control information may be multi
`plexed at a coded data level. A user equipment (UE) may
`encode traffic data to obtain coded traffic data, encode control
`information to obtain coded control data, multiplex the coded
`p
`traffic data and the coded control data, modulate the multi
`plexed data, and generate SC-FDMA symbols. In another
`aspect, traffic data and control information may be multi
`plexed at a modulation symbol level. The UE may encode and
`modulate traffic data to obtain data modulation symbols,
`encode and modulate control information to obtain control
`modulation symbols, multiplex the data and control modula
`tion symbols, and generate SC-FDMA symbols. The UE may
`perform rate matching for traffic data to account for control
`information. The UE may also perform multiplexing and
`puncturing for different types of control information.
`
`88 Claims, 12 Drawing Sheets
`
`Traffic Data
`y n -610
`A.
`
`Encode
`
`59
`
`CF,
`
`-650
`-630
`ACKlrformation
`CQInformatiot
`?is?
`l, re2
`Encoder kH Encode
`regg
`Scrambler
`as
`Modulator
`a
`
`5.
`Scrambler
`656
`E
`Modulator
`sa odulation
`UL Graft
`Erics
`- Size)
`
`Cl
`5
`
`Rate Matching
`fro-...
`de Block
`cit.
`,
`is,
`
`5.
`
`
`
`U
`Grant-
`McS
`
`Gain
`
`-624
`Scrambler
`626
`H Gain
`Gain
`Modulator
`828 ?e so
`SC-FDMA
`SC-FDMA
`|Symbol Mapper
`symbol Mapper
`668
`Multiplexing for Traffic Data
`& Controllnformation
`
`AcKmay
`puncture
`
`MultiplexedData
`(data Modulation Symbols and Control Modulation Symbols)
`
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`US 8,467,367 B2
`Page 2
`
`
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2007/0211656 A1* 9, 2007 Kwak et al. ................... 370,319
`2008/0298477 A1* 12/2008 Classon ................
`375/260
`2008/0304467 A1* 12/2008 Papasakellariou et al. ... 370/344
`2009/0022135 A1* 1/2009 Papasakellariou et al. ... 370/344
`2009/0196.165 Al
`8, 2009 Morimoto et al. ............ 375/260
`ck
`2010/0172286 A1
`7/2010 Yoshii et al. .................. 370,343
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2867344 A1
`9, 2005
`FR
`2869 189
`10/2005
`FR
`2869.189 A1
`10, 2005
`FR
`2242089 C2 12/2004
`RU
`WO990.1994
`1, 1999
`WO
`2006O994.73
`9, 2006
`WO
`WO WO2006O994.73 A2
`9, 2006
`WO
`WO2006138206 A1 12/2006
`WO WO2007078146 A1
`7/2007
`WO WO20070876O2 A2
`8, 2007
`WO
`WO200811451.0 A1
`9, 2008
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Opinion PCT/US08/072254 International
`Written
`Authority—European Patent Office—Dec. 3, 2008.
`
`Search
`
`Dorot, V., et al., “An Explanatory Dictionary of Modern Computer
`Terms,” 2nd Edition, BHV-Petersburg Publishers, Saint Petersburg,
`2001, Program Product on p. 339.
`International Search Report and Written Opinion—PCT/US2008/
`072254. International Search Authority—European Patent Office—
`Dec. 3, 2008.
`Alcatel-Lucent, Status of stage 3 "Services provided by the physical
`layer” specification, 3GPP TSG RAN WG2#58, Document #R2
`072502, pp. 1-36, Jun. 25-29, 2007.
`NTT DoCoMo, et al., “Multiplexing Method of Shared Control
`Channel in Uplink Single-Carrier FDMA Radio Access.” TSG RAN
`WG1 #42bis, Document #R1-051143 (Original R1-050591), pp. 1-9,
`XPO02450609, Oct. 10-14, 2005.
`Samsung, "Data and Control Channel Multiplexing in SC-FDMA for
`EUTRA Uplink.” 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #43, Document
`iR1-051343, Seoul, Korea,
`XP002450962, Nov. 7-11, 2005.
`Taiwan Search Report TWO97129967 TIPO Jun. 12, 2012.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 18, 2013
`
`Sheet 1 of 12
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`US 8.467,367 B2
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`
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`U.S. Patent
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`US 8.467,367 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`TO
`
`e?eC]
`
`E ?pON
`
`|OO
`
`EITT
`
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`Jun. 18, 2013
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`Sheet 3 of 12
`
`US 8.467,367 B2
`
`PUCCH
`
`PUSCH
`
`PUCCH
`
`k 009
`
`
`
`6
`CO
`E
`O)
`Y
`
`CD
`E
`s
`O
`CfO
`CD
`C
`O
`
`CD
`E
`
`O
`(f)
`CD
`C
`O
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 18, 2013
`
`Sheet 5 of 12
`
`US 8.467,367 B2
`
`
`
`514
`
`516
`- CO
`Rate Matching
`SRS
`(ACK)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`534
`SC-FDMA
`Symbol Mapper
`
`554
`SC-FDMA
`Symbol Mapper
`
`5
`Multiplexing for Traffic Data
`& Control Information
`
`ACK may
`puncture
`
`Multiplexed Data
`(Coded Traffic Data and Coded Control Data)
`FIG. 5A
`
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`Jun. 18, 2013
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`Sheet 6 of 12
`
`US 8.467,367 B2
`
`Multiplexed Data
`from Multiplexer 568
`CA)
`
`572
`
`
`
`|
`
`574
`
`Modulator
`
`?389.
`582
`M-point DFT
`584
`Frequency
`Mapper
`
`586
`K-point IFFT
`588
`Cyclic Prefix
`Generator
`
`570
`
`-
`
`Multiplexed Data
`from Multiplexer 668
`
`670
`1
`
`686.
`K-point IFFT
`688,
`Cyclic Prefix
`Generator
`
`SC-FDMA Symbols
`FIG. 5B
`
`SC-FDMA Symbols
`FIG. 6B
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 18, 2013
`
`Sheet 7 of 12
`
`US 8.467,367 B2
`
`Traffic Data
`
`COce Block
`Segmentation
`
`to
`
`614
`
`616
`
`------------------------------
`
`Time
`Mapper:
`
`COdeBlock
`ConCatenation
`
`620
`
`Channel
`Interleaver
`
`600
`1
`
`CO Information
`632
`
`-650
`-630
`ACK Information
`652
`
`COCling
`
`634
`Scrambler
`
`654
`Scrambler
`
`636
`
`
`
`656
`
`658
`
`UL Grant
`
`Grant
`MCS
`
`Modulator
`
`628
`
`Gain
`
`- Size)
`“"“T“"“”
`640
`660
`
`
`
`SC-FDMA
`Symbol Mapper
`
`SC-FDMA
`Symbol Mapper
`
`668
`Multiplexing for Traffic Data
`& Control Information
`
`ACK may
`puncture
`
`Multiplexed Data
`(Data Modulation Symbols and Control Modulation Symbols)
`FIG. 6A
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 18, 2013
`
`Sheet 8 of 12
`
`US 8.467,367 B2
`
`700
`1
`
`712
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Determine a first coding
`Scheme for traffic databased on
`a modulation and Coding scheme
`(MCS) selected for the traffic data
`714
`
`Determine a second coding
`Scheme for Control information
`based on the modulation and
`coding scheme for the traffic data
`716
`
`EnCOde the traffic databased
`on the first coding scheme
`to obtain COded traffic data
`
`718
`
`EnCOde the Control information
`based on the Second COding Scheme
`to obtain COded Control data
`
`720
`
`Multiplex the traffic data and
`the Control information after
`encoding and prior to modulation
`to obtain multiplexed data
`
`722
`
`Modulate the multiplexed data
`based on a Common modulation
`scheme to obtain modulation symbols
`724
`Generate multiple SC-FDMA symbols
`based on the modulation symbols
`
`End
`
`FIG. 7
`
`800
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`812
`Module to determine a first coding
`Scheme for traffic databased on
`a modulation and Coding scheme
`(MCS) selected for the traffic data
`814
`
`Module to determine a
`second coding scheme for
`Control information based on
`the modulation and Coding
`Scheme for the traffic data
`
`816
`Module to encode the traffic data
`based on the first Coding scheme
`to obtain COded traffic data
`
`818
`
`MOdule to enCOde the
`Control information based on
`the second Coding scheme to
`Obtain COded Control data
`
`820
`Module to multiplex the traffic data
`and the Control information after
`encoding and prior to modulation
`to obtain multiplexed data
`
`822
`
`Module to modulate the
`multiplexed databased on a
`Common modulation Scheme
`to obtain modulation symbols
`824
`
`Module to generate multiple
`SC-FDMA symbols based on
`the modulation symbols
`
`FIG. 8
`
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jun. 18, 2013
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`Sheet 9 of 12
`
`US 8.467,367 B2
`
`900
`1
`
`1000
`1
`
`1012
`
`912
`EnCOde and modulate traffic data
`to obtain data modulation symbols
`914
`
`EnCOde and modulate
`Control information to obtain
`Control modulation symbols
`
`Scale the data modulation
`Symbols based on a first gain
`
`916
`
`918
`
`Scale the Control modulation
`symbols based on a second gain
`potentially different from the first gain
`
`920
`
`Multiplex the data modulation
`symbols and the control
`modulation symbols to obtain
`multiplexed modulation symbols
`
`922
`
`Generate multiple SC-FDMA
`symbols based on the
`multiplexed modulation symbols
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`End
`
`FIG. 9
`
`
`
`modulate traffic data to obtain
`data modulation symbols
`
`1014
`Module to encode and modulate
`Control information to obtain
`control modulation symbols
`1016
`
`Module to Scale the
`data modulation symbols
`based on a first gain
`
`101
`018
`
`Module to Scale the Control
`modulation symbols based
`on a second gain potentially
`different from the first gain
`
`1020
`Module to multiplex the data
`modulation symbols and the control
`modulation symbols to obtain
`multiplexed modulation symbols
`1022
`Module to generate multiple
`SC-FDMA symbols based on the
`multiplexed modulation symbols
`
`FIG. 10
`
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jun. 18, 2013
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`Sheet 10 of 12
`
`US 8.467,367 B2
`
`1100
`1
`
`1 112
`
`1200
`
`Module to encode traffic data
`to obtain COded traffic data
`
`Module to enCOce
`Control information to
`obtain COded Control data
`
`EnCOde traffic data to
`obtain COded traffic data
`
`EnCOce Control information
`to obtain COCled Control data
`
`Perform rate matching on
`the COded traffic data based
`On the COded Control data to
`obtain rate matched traffic data
`
`Module to perform rate matching
`On the COded traffic databased
`On the COded Control data to
`obtain rate matched traffic data
`
`Multiplex the rate matched
`traffic data and the COded Control
`data to obtain multiplexed data
`
`Module to multiplex the
`rate matched traffic data
`and the Coded Control data
`to obtain multiplexed data
`
`
`
`Multiplex traffic data and first control
`information to obtain multiplexed data
`
`
`
`Puncture the multiplexed data
`With Second Control information
`
`FIG. 13
`
`1400
`
`1412
`
`Module to multiplex traffic
`data and first Control information
`to obtain multiplexed data
`
`Module to puncture
`the multiplexed data with
`SeCond Control information
`
`FIG. 14
`
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`Sheet 11 of 12
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`US 8.467,367 B2
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`1500
`1
`
`1512
`
`
`
`EnCOde traffic data to
`obtain COded traffic data
`
`1600
`r1
`
`1612
`EnCOde and modulate traffic data
`to obtain data modulation symbols
`
`EnCOde first Control information
`to obtain first COced Control data
`
`EnCOde and modulate first
`Control information to obtain
`first control modulation symbols
`
`EnCOde Second Control information
`to obtain Second COced COntrol data
`
`Multiplex the coded traffic data
`and the first COded Control data
`to obtain multiplexed data
`
`Puncture the multiplexed data
`With the Second COced Control
`data to obtain output data
`
`EnCOde and modulate Second
`Control information to obtain
`second control modulation symbols
`
`Multiplex the data modulation
`symbols and the first control
`modulation symbols to obtain
`multiplexed modulation symbols
`
`Puncture the multiplexed
`modulation symbols with the
`second Control modulation symbols
`
`FIG, 16
`
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`US 8,467,367 B2
`
`1.
`MULTIPLEXING AND TRANSMISSION OF
`TRAFFC DATA AND CONTROL
`INFORMATION IN A WIRELESS
`COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`The present application claims priority to provisional U.S.
`Application Ser. No. 60/954.299, entitled “MULTIPLEX
`ING ANDTRANSMISSIONSTRATEGIES OF CONTROL
`AND DATA WHEN SIMULTANEOUSLY TRANSMIT
`TED IN THE UL OF E-UTRA filed Aug. 6, 2007, assigned
`to the assignee hereof and incorporated herein by reference.
`
`10
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`15
`
`25
`
`I. Field
`The present disclosure relates generally to communication,
`and more specifically to techniques for transmitting traffic
`data and control information in a wireless communication
`system.
`II. Background
`Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to
`provide various communication content Such as Voice, video,
`packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These wireless sys
`tems may be multiple-access systems capable of Supporting
`multiple users by sharing the available system resources.
`Examples of Such multiple-access systems include Code
`Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division
`Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Mul
`tiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal FDMA
`(OFDMA) systems, and Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
`30
`systems.
`In a wireless communication system, a Node B may trans
`mit traffic data on the downlink to a user equipment (UE). The
`UE may transmit traffic data and/or control information on
`the uplink to the Node B. The control information sent by the
`UE may support data transmission by the Node B and/or may
`be used for other purposes. It may be desirable to transmit
`traffic data and control information as efficiently as possible
`in order to improve system performance.
`
`35
`
`40
`
`SUMMARY
`
`Techniques for transmitting traffic data and control infor
`mation in a wireless communication system are described
`herein. In an aspect, traffic data and control information may
`45
`be multiplexed at a coded data level. In one design, a UE may
`encode traffic data (e.g., based on a first coding scheme) to
`obtain coded traffic data, which is coded data for traffic data.
`The UE may also encode control information (e.g., based on
`a second coding scheme) to obtain coded control data, which
`is coded data for control information. The first and second
`coding schemes may be selected to obtain the desire protec
`tion levels for the traffic data and the control information,
`respectively. The UE may multiplex the traffic data and the
`control information after encoding and prior to modulation to
`obtain multiplexed data. The UE may modulate the multi
`plexed databased on a common modulation scheme to obtain
`modulation symbols. The UE may then generate multiple
`SC-FDMA symbols based on the modulation symbols.
`In another aspect, traffic data and control information may
`be multiplexed at a modulation symbol level. In one design, a
`UE may encode and modulate traffic data (e.g., based on a
`variable modulation and coding scheme) to obtain data modu
`lation symbols, which are modulation symbols for traffic
`data. The UE may encode and modulate control information
`(e.g., based on a fixed modulation and coding scheme) to
`obtain control modulation symbols, which are modulation
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`symbols for control information. The UE may scale the data
`modulation symbols and the control modulation symbols
`based on first and second gains, respectively, which may be
`selected to achieve the desired protection levels for the traffic
`data and the control information. The UE may multiplex the
`data modulation symbols and the control modulation symbols
`to obtain multiplexed modulation symbols. The UE may then
`generate multiple SC-FDMA symbols based on the multi
`plexed modulation symbols.
`In yet another aspect, a UE may perform rate matching for
`traffic data to account for control information. The UE may
`encode traffic data to obtain coded traffic data and may
`encode control information to obtain coded control data. The
`UE may perform rate matching on the coded traffic databased
`on the coded control data and possibly other data (e.g., a
`Sounding reference signal) to obtain rate matched traffic data.
`The UE may then multiplex the rate matched traffic data and
`the coded control data to obtain multiplexed data. Alterna
`tively, UE may multiplex data modulation symbols obtained
`from the rate matched traffic data and control modulation
`symbols obtained from the coded control data.
`In yet another aspect, a UE may perform multiplexing and
`puncturing for different types of control information. The UE
`may multiplex traffic data and first control information to
`obtain multiplexed data. The UE may then puncture the mul
`tiplexed data with second control information. As used
`herein, puncturing is a process in which some data is replaced
`with some other data.
`Various aspects and features of the disclosure are described
`in further detail below.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system.
`FIG. 2 shows example transmissions on the downlink and
`uplink.
`FIG. 3 shows an example transmission structure for the
`uplink.
`FIG. 4 shows an example transmission on the uplink by a
`UE.
`FIGS.5A and 5B show a transmit processor and a transmit
`chain, respectively, for multiplexing at the coded data level.
`FIGS. 6A and 6B show a transmit processor and a transmit
`chain, respectively, for multiplexing at the modulation sym
`bol level.
`FIGS. 7 and 8 show a process and an apparatus, respec
`tively, for multiplexing traffic data and control information at
`the coded data level.
`FIGS. 9 and 10 show a process and an apparatus, respec
`tively, for multiplexing traffic data and control information at
`the modulation symbol level.
`FIGS. 11 and 12 show a process and an apparatus, respec
`tively, for performing rate matching for traffic databased on
`control information.
`FIGS. 13 and 14 show processes and an apparatus for
`multiplexing and puncturing traffic data with control infor
`mation.
`FIGS. 15 and 16 show processes for multiplexing and
`puncturing at the coded data level and the modulation symbol
`level, respectively.
`FIG. 17 shows a block diagram of a Node B and a UE.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`The techniques described herein may be used for various
`wireless communication systems such as CDMA, TDMA,
`FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and other systems. The terms
`
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`10
`
`15
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`3
`“system’’ and “network” are often used interchangeably. A
`CDMA system may implement a radio technology Such as
`Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc.
`UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other
`variants of CDMA. cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and
`IS-856 standards. A TDMA system may implement a radio
`technology such as Global System for Mobile Communica
`tions (GSM). An OFDMA system may implement a radio
`technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile
`Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16
`(WiMAX), IEEE-802.20, Flash-OFDMR, etc. UTRA and
`E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication
`System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an
`upcoming release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA, which
`employs OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the
`uplink. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE and GSM are
`described in documents from an organization named "3rd
`Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). cdma2000 and
`UMB are described in documents from an organization
`named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2). For
`clarity, certain aspects of the techniques are described below
`for LTE, and LTE terminology is used in much of the descrip
`tion below.
`FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system 100, which
`may be an LTE system. System 100 may include a number of
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`Node Bs 110 and other network entities. A Node B may be a
`fixed station that communicates with the UEs and may also be
`referred to as an evolved Node B (eNB), a base station, an
`access point, etc. UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the
`system, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may
`also be referred to as a mobile station, a terminal, an access
`terminal, a subscriber unit, a station, etc. A UE may be a
`cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless
`modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld
`device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, etc. A UE may
`communicate with a Node B via the downlink and uplink. The
`downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link
`from the Node B to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link)
`refers to the communication link from the UE to the Node B.
`The system may support hybrid automatic retransmission
`(HARQ). For HARQ on the downlink, a Node B may send a
`transmission for traffic data and may send one or more
`retransmissions until the traffic data is decoded correctly by a
`recipient UE, or the maximum number of retransmissions has
`been sent, or some other termination condition is encoun
`tered. HARQ may improve reliability of data transmission.
`FIG.2 shows downlink (DL) transmission by a Node Band
`uplink (UL) transmission by a UE. The LTE may periodically
`estimate the downlink channel quality for the Node B and
`may send channel quality indicator (CQI) information to the
`Node B. The Node B may use the CQI information and/or
`other information to select the UE for downlink transmission
`and to select a suitable modulation and coding scheme (MCS)
`for data transmission to the UE. The Node B may process and
`transmit traffic data to the UE when there is traffic data to send
`and system resources are available. The UE may process a
`downlink data transmission from the Node B and may sendan
`acknowledgement (ACK) if the traffic data is decoded cor
`rectly or a negative acknowledgement (NAK) if the traffic
`data is decoded in error. The Node B may retransmit the traffic
`data if a NAK is received and may transmit new traffic data if
`an ACK is received. The UE may also transmit traffic data on
`the uplink to the Node B when there is traffic data to send and
`the UE is assigned uplink resources.
`As shown in FIG. 2, the UE may transmit traffic data and/or
`control information, or neither, in any given Subframe. The
`control information may comprise CQI, ACK, and/or other
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`information. The UE may be configured by the Node B to
`send CQI information periodically at a regular reporting
`interval. The UE may also be configured to send CQI infor
`mation in a particular format. Different COI report formats
`may be Supported, and each COI report format may convey
`different CQI information. In any case, the Node B may know
`when to expect CQI information from the UE based on the
`CQI reporting configuration for the UE.
`The Node B may send a downlink assignmentona Physical
`Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) to the UE and may
`send traffic data on a Physical Downlink Shared Channel
`(PDSCH) to the UE. The UE may process the PDCCH to
`detect a downlink assignment for the UE and may process the
`PDSCH for traffic data if a downlink assignment is received.
`The UE may send no ACK information, i.e., discontinuous
`transmission (DTX), if a downlink assignment is not
`detected, e.g., not sent by the Node B, or sent by the Node B
`but missed by the UE. If a downlink assignment is detected,
`then the UE may send either ACK or NAK based on decoding
`results for the PDSCH. Alternatively, the UE may have a
`persistent assignment for PDCCH-less operation. In this case,
`the UE may skip monitoring the PDCCH and may simply
`process the PDSCH for traffic data in accordance with the
`persistent assignment.
`The UE may also send other control information besides
`CQI and ACK information. In general, the particular control
`information to send by the UE may be dependent on various
`factors such as whether the UE is configured to send CQI
`information, whether downlink assignment and traffic data
`are sent on the downlink, whether traffic data is sent on the
`downlink with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), etc.
`As an example, for MIMO, the control information sent by
`the UE may include a rank indicator (RI) that conveys the
`number of layers or spatial streams to send on the downlink,
`preceding matrix indicator (PMI) information that conveys a
`precoding matrix to use for preceding for downlink data
`transmission, etc.
`LTE utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
`(OFDM) on the downlink and single-carrier frequency divi
`sion multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. OFDM and SC
`FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K)
`orthogonal Subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to
`as tones, bins, etc. Each Subcarrier may be modulated with
`data. In general, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency
`domain with OFDM and in the time-domain with SC-FDM.
`The spacing between adjacent Subcarriers may be fixed, and
`the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the
`system bandwidth. For example, K may be equal to 128, 256,
`512, 1024 or 2048 for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 or
`20 MHz, respectively.
`FIG.3 shows a design of a transmission structure 300 that
`may be used for the uplink. The transmission timeline may be
`partitioned into units of subframes. A subframe may have a
`predetermined duration, e.g., one millisecond (ms), and may
`be partitioned into two slots. Each slot may include a fixed or
`configurable number of symbol periods, e.g., six symbol peri
`ods for an extended cyclic prefix or seven symbol periods for
`a normal cyclic prefix.
`For the uplink, K total subcarriers may be available and
`may be grouped into resource blocks. Each resource block
`may include N subcarriers (e.g., N=12 subcarriers) in one
`slot. The available resource blocks may be partitioned into a
`Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) region and a
`Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) region. The
`PUCCH region may include resource blocks near the two
`edges of the system bandwidth, as shown in FIG. 3. The
`PUSCH region may include all resource blocks not assigned
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`Optis Cellular Ex 2034-p. 16
`Apple v Optis Cellular
`IPR2020-00465
`
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`US 8,467,367 B2
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`to the PUCCH region. A given UE may be assigned resource
`blocks from the PUCCH region to transmit control informa
`tion to a Node B. The UE may also be assigned resource
`blocks from the PUSCH region to transmit traffic data to the
`Node B. The resource blocks may be paired, and an uplink
`transmission may span both slots in a subframe. For a given
`PUCCH transmission, one resource block near one band edge
`may be used in the first slot of a subframe, and another
`resource block near the opposite band edge may be used in the
`second slot of the subframe, as shown in FIG. 3.
`FIG. 4 shows an example transmission on the PUSCH. For
`normal cyclic prefix, each subframe includes two slots, the
`left slot includes seven symbol periods 0 through 6, and the
`right slot includes seven symbol periods 7 through 13, as
`shown in FIG. 4. In this example, the UE is assigned two
`resource blocks for the PUSCH. The two resource blocks may
`occupy different sets of Subcarriers when frequency hopping
`is enabled, as shown in FIG. 4. Each resource block includes
`12x7=84 resource elements. Each resource element covers
`one Subcarrier in one symbol period and may be used to send
`one modulation symbol.
`The UE may transmit a demodulation reference signal
`(DRS) in the middle symbol period of each slot, as shown in
`FIG. 4. The UE may also transmit a Sounding reference signal
`(SRS) in the last symbol period of a subframe, as shown in
`FIG. 4. The Sounding reference signal may be sent at a pre
`determined rate and may or may not be present in a given
`subframe. The UE may transmit modulation symbols for
`traffic data and/or control information in resource elements
`not used for the demodulation and Sounding reference sig
`nals. The demodulation reference signal may be used by the
`Node B for coherent detection of the modulation symbols.
`The sounding reference signal may be used by the Node B to
`estimate the received signal quality of the uplink for the UE.
`It may be desirable for a UE to transmit using localized
`frequency division multiplexing (LFDM) regardless of
`whether the UE is transmitting only traffic data, or only con
`trol information, or both traffic data and control information
`in a given subframe. LFDM is a special case of SC-FDM in
`which a transmission is sent on contiguous Subcarriers.
`LFDM may result in a lower peak-to-average power ratio
`(PAPR), which may allow a power amplifier to operate at
`higher output power and may thus improve throughput and/or
`link margin for the UE. To transmit using LFDM, the UE may
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`send control information in assigned resource blocks from the
`PUCCH region (e.g., resource blocks 310a and 310b in FIG.
`3) when there is no traffic data to send. The UE may send only
`traffic data or both traffic data and control information in
`assigned resource blocks from the PUSCH region (e.g.,
`resource blocks 320a and 320b in FIG.3) when there is traffic
`data to send. The PUCCH region may overlap the PUSCH
`region, and resource blocks in PUCCH region may be used
`for PUSCH transmission if a scheduler knows that these
`resource blocks will not be used for PUCCH transmission. In
`any case, the SC-FDMA property of a waveform may always
`be maintained for the UE.
`The UE may multiplex and transmit traffic data and control
`information in various manners. In an aspect, two multiplex
`ing schemes may be used to transmit traffic data and control
`information and may be summarized as follows.
`Multiplexing scheme 1 may have the following character
`istics:
`Multiplex traffic data and control information at the coded
`data level,
`Encoding of control information depends on the MCS of
`traffic data,
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`Multiplexed traffic data and control information are
`Scrambled and modulated, and
`Common modulation and power level for both traffic data
`and control information.
`Multiplexing scheme 2 may have the following character
`istics:
`Multiplex traffic data and control information at the modu
`lation symbol level,
`Fixed coding and modulation scheme for control informa
`tion,
`Power level of control information may be varied indepen
`dently of power level of traffic data to obtain the desired
`protection levels for both.
`FIG. 5A shows a block diagram of a design of a transmit
`processor 500 that implements multiplexing scheme 1. In this
`design, transmit processor 500 includes a first path 510 for
`traffic data, a second path 530 for CQI information, and a third
`path 550 for ACK information.
`In first path 510, a segmentation unit 512 may partition
`incoming traffic data into code blocks. Each code block may
`include a particular number of data bits and may be appended
`with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). A channel encoder
`514 may encode each code block in accordance with a Turbo
`code and provide a corresponding Turbo coded block. Each
`Turbo coded block may include coded bits comprising (i)
`systematic bits that correspond to the data bits in the code
`block and (ii) parity bits generated by passing the data bits
`through one or more constit