as) United States
`a2) Patent Application Publication co) Pub. No.: US 2008/0158167 Al
` Hotellinget al. (43) Pub.Date: Jul. 3, 2008
`
`
`
`US 20080158167A1
`
`(54) SIMULTANEOUS SENSING ARRANGEMENT
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors:
`
`Steven P. Hotelling, San Jose, CA
`(US); John Greer Elias, Townsend,
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`GO06F 3/041
`(52) U.S. C1. cc ceeeseseeesersereeceeceeceeceeceeeneenes 345/173
`
`Sunnyvale, CA (US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`APPLE C/O MORRISON AND FOERSTER,LLP
`LOS ANGELES
`555 WESTFIFTH STREET SUITE 3500
`LOS ANGELES, CA 90013-1024
`
`.
`(73) Assignee:
`
`APPLE COMPUTER,INC.,
`CUPERTINO,CA (US)
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`11/619,433
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jan. 3, 2007
`
`are
`and methods
`Multi-touch touch-sensing devices
`described herein. The touch sensing devices can include mul-
`tiple sense points, each located at a crossing ofa drive line and
`a sense line. In some embodiments, multiple drive lines may
`be simultaneously or nearly simultaneously stimulated with
`drive signals having unique characteristics, such as phase or
`frequency. A sense signal can occur on each senseline that
`can be related to the drive signals by an amount of touch
`present at sense points correspondingto the stimulated drive
`lines and the sense line. By using processing techniques based
`on the unique drive signals, an amountof touch correspond-
`ing to each sense point can be extracted from the sensesignal.
`The touch sensing methods and devices can be incorporated
`into interfaces for a variety of electronic devices such as a
`desktop, tablet, notebook, and handheld computers, personal
`digital assistants, media players, and mobile telephones.
`
`
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`PETITIONERS
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`Exhibit 1008, Page 1
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`PETITIONERS
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`

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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jul. 3, 2008 Sheet 1 of 7
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`PETITIONERS
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jul. 3, 2008 Sheet 2 of 7
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`US 2008/0158167 Al
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`PETITIONERS
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`Exhibit 1008, Page 3
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jul. 3, 2008 Sheet 3 of 7
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jul. 3, 2008 Sheet 4 of 7
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jul. 3, 2008 Sheet 6 of 7
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`US 2008/0158167 Al
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jul. 3, 2008 Sheet 7 of 7
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`Fig. 11
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`PETITIONERS
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`US 2008/0158167 Al
`
`Jul. 3, 2008
`
`SIMULTANEOUS SENSING ARRANGEMENT
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`[0001] This is related to the following U.S. patents and
`patent applications, each of which is hereby incorporated by
`reference in its entirety:
`[0002] U-S. Pat. No. 6,323,846,titled “Method and Appa-
`ratus for Integrating ManualInput,” issued Nov. 27, 2001;
`[0003] U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, titled
`“Multipoint Touchscreen,”filed May 6, 2004;
`[0004] U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, titled
`“Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,”filed May 2, 2006.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`[0005] Recently, interest has developed in touch and/or
`proximity-based input systems for electronic devices and
`computer systems that are capable of recognizing multiple
`touch and/or hover events simultaneously. Many of these
`systems, for example those based on mutual capacitance or
`certain optical sensing arrangements, involve applying peri-
`odic stimulus waveformsto a plurality of sense points and
`detecting sense waveformsthat can berelated to the periodic
`stimulus waveform by the amount of touch and/or proximity
`present at the sense point. In some embodiments, these sys-
`tems apply periodic stimulus waveformsto drivelines that are
`coupledto senselinesat the sense points. Typically, stimulus
`waveforms have been applied to these drive lines one at a
`time. Because devices typically include a plurality of these
`drive lines, each drive line has been driven sequentially.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`[0010] The aforementioned andother aspects of the inven-
`tion may best be understood by reference to the following
`description taken in conjunction with the accompanying
`drawings in which:
`[0011]
`FIG. 1 illustrates a multi-touch sensing device used
`as an input device to a computer system in accordance with an
`embodimentof the present invention.
`[0012]
`FIG.2 illustrates a plurality of contact patch areas
`corresponding to an objectin proximity to a plurality of sense
`[0006] According to one embodiment of the invention, a
`points ofa multi-touch surface in accordance with an embodi-
`methodof deriving touch information from a touch sensitive
`mentof the present invention.
`surface is provided. The touch sensitive device can include a
`[0013]
`FIG. 3 illustrates a simplified schematic diagram of
`plurality of sensing points. Each sensing point can be located
`a mutual capacitance sensing circuit that may be used in an
`at or near a crossing of a drive line and a sense line. For
`embodimentof the present invention.
`example, the method can include simultaneously (or substan-
`[0014]
`FIG. 4 illustrates a process for operating a multi-
`tially simultaneously) stimulating a plurality ofthe drive lines
`touch sensing device in accordance with an embodiment of
`with one or more unique drive signals. For example, the
`the present invention.
`signals may have predetermined phase and/or frequencyrela-
`[0015]
`FIG. 5 illustrates a multi-touch sensing device in
`tionships. The method can further include sensing a sense
`accordance with an embodimentof the present invention.
`signal on at least one of the sense lines. The sense signal can
`[0016]
`FIG. 6 illustrates a process for performing multi-
`relate to the drive signals by touch or proximity ofone or more
`line stimulation in accordance with an embodiment of the
`objects to one or more sensing points located at or near the
`present invention.
`crossing of the plurality of drive lines and the at least one
`[0017]
`FIG. 7 illustrates a single-line stimulation arrange-
`sense line. The method can also include, for example, deriv-
`ment according to thepriorart.
`ing touch information from the sense signal. Touch may be
`[0018]
`FIG. 8 illustrates a two-line simultaneous stimula-
`derived from the sense signal by deriving a plurality of values
`tion arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of the
`from the sense signal, e.g., by integrating the sense signal
`present invention.
`over one or moretime periods and deriving touch information
`[0019]
`FIG.9 illustrates a four-line simultaneous stimula-
`from a mathematical combination of the plurality of values.
`tion arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of the
`[0007]
`Inanother embodiment, the invention canrelate to a
`present invention.
`multi-touch sensing device. The touch sensing device can
`[0020]
`FIG. 10 illustratesa variety of electronic device and
`include, for example, a touch sensitive surface withaplurality
`computer system form factors that may be used in accordance
`of sensing points located at a crossings of drive lines and
`with an embodimentof the present invention.
`sense lines. The touch sensing device can also include drive
`[0021]
`FIG. 11 illustrates a frequency-based four-line
`circuitry configured to simultaneously apply unique drive
`simultaneous stimulation arrangementin accordance with an
`signals to a plurality of the drive lines. For example, the
`embodimentof the present invention.
`signals may have predetermined phase and/or frequencyrela-
`tionships. The touch sensing device can also include sense
`[0022]
`FIG. 12 illustrates generally variousalternatives for
`stimulus windowsin accordance with an embodimentof the
`circuitry that is configured to detect a sense signal in at least
`one sense line and derive touch information from this sense
`
`signal for one or more of the sense points. Such a touch
`sensing device may be based, for example, on self or mutual
`capacitance.
`[0008]
`In yet another embodiment, the invention can relate
`to an electronic device or computer system incorporating a
`touch sensing arrangement or implementing a touch sensing
`method, as discussed above. The electronic device can take a
`variety of forms, including, for example, a desktop computer,
`a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a handheld com-
`puter, a personaldigital assistant, a media player, or a mobile
`telephone. Other form factors are also possible.
`[0009]
`In still another embodiment, the present invention
`can relate to a method of deriving touch information from a
`touch sensitive surface. The method can include performing a
`coarse scan of a region of the touch sensitive surface to
`determine whethera touch is present within thefirst region.If
`a touch is present, fine scanning of the region may beper-
`formed to determine more exact data about the touch or
`touches that are present within the region. If a touch is not
`present, fine scanning any be omitted, and a coarse scan of
`another region may begin. By eliminating unnecessary fine
`scans, time and power savings can result.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`present invention.
`
`PETITIONERS
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`Exhibit 1008, Page 9
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`PETITIONERS
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`

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`US 2008/0158167 Al
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`Jul. 3, 2008
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`the “mutual”
`In mutual capacitance systems,
`[0028]
`capacitance betweena first electrode and a second electrode
`can be measured. In mutual capacitance sensing arrange-
`ments, the sensing points may be formed by the crossings of
`patterned conductors forming spatially separated lines. For
`example, driving lines 105a@ may be formed ona first layer
`and sensing lines 1055 may be formed on a second layer 1055
`such that the drive and sense lines cross or “intersect” one
`
`[0023] Recognizing multiple simultaneous or near-simul-
`taneous touch events may be accomplished with a multi-
`touch sensing arrangement as illustrated in FIG. 1. Mulit-
`touch sensing arrangement 100 can detect and monitor
`multiple touch attributes (including, for example, identifica-
`tion, position, velocity, size, shape, and magnitude) across
`touch sensitive surface 101, at the same time, nearly the same
`time, at different times, or over a period of time. Touch sen-
`sitive surface 101 can provide a plurality of sensor points,
`another at sensing points 102. The different layers may be
`coordinates, or nodes 102 that function substantially indepen-
`different substrates, different sides of the same substrate, or
`dently of one another andthat represent different points on a
`the sameside of a substrate with somedielectric separation.
`touch sensitive surface. Sensing points 102 maybe positioned
`Because the drive and sense lines are separated, there is a
`in a grid or a pixel array, with each sensing point capable of
`capacitive coupling node at each “intersection.”
`generating a signal at the same time. Sensing points 102 may
`be considered as mapping touch sensitive surface 101 into a
`[0029] The manner in which the drive and sense lines are
`coordinate system, for example, a Cartesian or polar coordi-
`arranged may vary. For example, in a Cartesian coordinate
`nate system.
`system (as illustrated), the drive lines may be formed as
`[0024] Atouch sensitive surface may, for example, be in the
`horizontal rows, while the sense lines may be formed as
`form ofatablet or a touch screen. To produce a touch screen,
`vertical columns(or vice versa), thus forming a plurality of
`the capacitance sensing points and other associatedelectrical
`nodes that may be considered as having distinct x and y
`structures can be formed with a substantially transparent con-
`coordinates. Alternatively, in a polar coordinate system, the
`ductive medium, such as indium tin oxide (ITO). The number
`and configuration of sensing points 102 may be varied. The
`sense lines may be a plurality of concentric circles with the
`number of sensing points 102 generally depends on the
`drive lines being radially extending lines (or vice versa), thus
`desired resolution and sensitivity. In touch-screen applica-
`forming a plurality ofnodes that may be considered as having
`tions, the numberof sensing points 102 may also depend on
`distinct r and angle coordinates. In either case, drive lines
`the desired transparency of the touch screen.
`105a may be connectedto drive circuit 104, and sensing lines
`[0025] Using a multi-touch sensing arrangement, like that
`105 may be connected to sensing circuit 103.
`described in greater detail below, signals generated at nodes
`[0030] During operation, a drive signal (e.g., a periodic
`102 of multi-touch sensor 101 may be used to produce an
`voltage) is applied to each drive line 105a. When driven, the
`image of the touches at a particular point
`in time. For
`charge impressed on drive line 105a can capacitively couple
`example, each object(e.g., finger, stylus, etc.) in contact with
`to the intersecting sense lines 105 through nodes 102. This
`or in proximity to touch sensitive surface 101 can produce
`can cause a detectable, measurable current and/or voltage in
`contact patch area 201, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Each of
`sense lines 1055. The relationship between the drive signal
`contact patch area 201 may coverseveral nodes 102. Covered
`nodes 202 maydetect the object, while remaining nodes 102
`and the signal appearing on sense lines 1056 is a function of
`do not. As a result, a pixilated image of the touch surface
`the capacitance coupling the drive and sense lines, which, as
`plane (which maybereferred to as a touch image, a multi-
`noted above, may be affected by an object in proximity to
`touch image, or a proximity image) can be formed. Thesig-
`node 102. Capacitance sensing circuit (or circuits) 103 may
`nals for each contact patch area 201 may be groupedtogether.
`sense sensing lines 1055 and may determine the capacitance
`Each contact patch area 201 mayinclude high and low points
`at each node as described in greater detail below.
`based on the amount of touch at each point. The shape of
`[0031] As discussed above, conventional drive lines 105a
`contact patch area 201, as well as the high and low points
`were driven one at a time, while the other drive lines were
`within the image, maybe usedto differentiate contact patch
`grounded. This process was repeated for each driveline 105a
`areas 201 that are in close proximity to one another. Further-
`until all the drive lines had been driven, and a touch image
`more, the current image can be comparedto previous images
`(based on capacitance) was built from the sensed results.
`to determine how the objects may be moving overtime, and
`Onceall the lines 105a had been driven, the sequence would
`what corresponding action should be performed in a host
`device as a result thereof.
`repeat to build a series of touch images. However, in some
`embodiments of the present invention, multiple drive lines
`[0026] Many different sensing technologies can be used in
`maybe driven simultaneously or nearly simultaneously, as
`conjunction with these sensing arrangements,
`including
`resistive, capacitive, optical, etc. In capacitance-based sens-
`described, for example, below. As used herein, “simulta-
`ing arrangements, as an object approaches touch-sensitive
`neously” encompasses precisely simultaneous as well as
`surface 101, a small capacitance forms between the object
`nearly simultaneous events. For example,
`simultaneous
`and sensing points 102 in proximity to the object. By detect-
`events may begin at about the same time, end at about the
`ing changes in capacitance at each of the sensing points 102
`same time, and/or take place overat least partially overlap-
`caused by this small capacitance, and by noting the position
`ping time periods.
`of the sensing points, a sensing circuit 103 can detect and
`[0032]
`FIG. 3 illustrates a simplified schematic diagram of
`monitor multiple touches. The capacitive sensing nodes may
`mutual capacitance circuit 300 corresponding to the arrange-
`be based on self capacitance or mutual capacitance.
`ment described above. Mutual capacitance circuit 300 may
`[0027]
`In self capacitance systems, the “self” capacitance
`include drive line 105a andsense line 105, which are spa-
`ofa sensing point is measuredrelative to somereference, e.g.,
`tially separated thereby forming capacitive coupling node
`ground. Sensing points 102 maybespatially separated elec-
`102. Drive line 105a may beelectrically (i.e., conductively)
`trodes. These electrodes are coupled to driving circuitry 104
`coupled to drive circuit 104 represented by voltage source
`and sensing circuitry 103 by conductive traces 105a (drive
`301. Sense line 1054 maybeelectrically coupled to capacitive
`lines) and 1055 (sense lines).
`In some self-capacitance
`sensing circuit 103. Both drive line 105a and sense line 1055
`embodiments, a single conductive trace to each electrode may
`be used as both a drive andsenseline.
`may, in some cases, include someparasitic capacitance 302.
`PETITIONERS
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`Exhibit 1008, Page 10
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`PETITIONERS
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`US 2008/0158167 Al
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`Jul. 3, 2008
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`[0033] As noted above, in the absence of a conductive
`object proximatethe intersection ofdrive line 105a and sense
`line 1054, the capacitive coupling at node 102 stays fairly
`constant. However, if an electrically conductive object (for
`example, a user’s finger, stylus, etc.) comes in proximity to
`node 102, the capacitive coupling(i.e., the capacitance of the
`local system) changes. The change in capacitive coupling
`changes the current (and/or voltage) carried by sense line
`1054. Capacitance sensing circuit 103 may note the capaci-
`tance change and the position of node 102 and report this
`information in some form to processor 106 (FIG.1).
`[0034] With reference to FIG. 1, sensing circuit 103 may
`acquire data from touch surface 101 and supply the acquired
`data to processor 106. In some embodiments, sensing circuit
`103 may be configured to send raw data (e.g., an array of
`capacitance values corresponding to each sense point 102) to
`processor 106. In other embodiments, sensing circuit 103
`may be configured to process the raw data itself and deliver
`processed touch data to processor 106. In either case, the
`processor maythen usethe data it receives to control opera-
`tion of computer system 107 and/or one or more applications
`running thereon. Various implementations along these lines
`are described in the applications referenced above, and
`include a variety of computer systems having touch pads and
`touch screens.
`
`In some embodiments, sensing circuit 103 may
`[0035]
`include one or more microcontrollers, each of which may
`monitor one or more sensing points 102. The microcontrol-
`lers may be application specific integrated circuits (ASICs),
`that work with firmware to monitor the signals from touch
`sensitive surface 101, process the monitored signals, and
`report this information to processor 106. The microcontrol-
`lers may also be digital signal processors (DSPs). In some
`embodiments, sensing circuit 103 may include one or more
`sensor ICs that measure the capacitance in each sensing line
`105and report measured values to processor 106 or to a host
`controller (not shown) in computer system 107. Any number
`of sensor ICs may be used. For example, a sensor IC may be
`used for all lines, or multiple sensor ICs may be used for a
`single line or group oflines.
`[0036]
`FIG. 4 illustrates at a high level process 400 for
`operating a multi-touch sensing arrangement,
`like that
`described above. The process may begin at block 401 where
`plurality of sensing points 102 are driven. Following block
`401, the process flow can proceed to block 402, where the
`outputs from sensing points 102 are read. For example, a
`capacitance value for each sensing point 102 can be obtained.
`Following block 402, the process can proceed to block 403
`where an imageor other form ofdata (signal or signals) of the
`touch at one momentin time can be produced andthereafter
`analyzed to determine where objects touching or in proximity
`to the touch sensor maybe located. Following block 403, the
`process can proceedto block 404, where the current image or
`signal may be comparedto one or more past imagesorsignals
`to determine a change in one or more of the shape, size,
`location, direction, speed, acceleration, pressure, etc. for each
`object. This information can be subsequently used (in step
`405) to perform an action in computer system 107, ranging
`from moving a pointer or cursor to complex gesture-based
`interactions.
`
`[0037] As noted above, enhanced operation of multi-touch
`sensing arrangements may be achieved by driving multiple
`rowssimultaneously. An example multi-touch sensing device
`500 with which multi-row stimulation may be employed is
`
`illustrated in FIG. 5 and has reference numerals generally
`corresponding to sensing arrangement 101 illustrated in FIG.
`1. In the given example, touch sensitive surface 501 has
`sixteen drive rows 505a, although any numberof drive rows
`could be used. The drive rows may be divided, for example,
`into four groups, e.g., Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group
`4, each including four drive rows 505a. Other numbers of
`groups and numbers ofrowsper group mayalso be employed.
`[0038]
`Scanning of multi-touch sensorarrays is described
`in various references, including U.S. patent application Ser.
`No. 11/381,313, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
`The process maybebriefly summarized by reference to FIG.
`7. In general, a periodic waveform (e.g., a series of square
`wave pulses) is applied sequentially to drive rows 505a. For
`example,a first group ofpulses 701 may be applied to Row A,
`followed by a second group of pulses 702 applied to row B,
`followed by a third group of pulses 703 applied to Row C,
`followed by a fourth group of pulses 704 applied to Row D.
`These periodic waveforms are capacitively coupled into
`sense lines 505d, generally resulting in sensed waveform 705
`on each sense line. Sensed waveform 705 can be input inte-
`grated over a predetermined time period to measure the
`capacitive coupling between drive lines 505a and sense lines
`5055 at each node 502. Other processing, such asfiltering,
`demodulation, etc., may also occur.
`[0039]
`In sensed waveform 705, the time period from t, to
`t, corresponds to the stimulus of Row A. Integrating the
`sensed waveform overthis time period results in a numerical
`value X1, which can correspondto the capacitance of a node
`at the intersection of Row A and the column being sensed.
`Similarly, the time period from t, to t, corresponds to Row B,
`the time period from t, to t, corresponds to Row C, and the
`time period from t, to t, corresponds to Row D. Integrating
`the sensed waveform overeach ofthese time periods can give
`numerical values X2, X3, and X4 corresponding to the
`capacitance ofnodesat the intersection of the RowsB, C, and
`D andthe column being sensed.
`[0040]
`FIG. 8 illustrates a multi-line stimulation arrange-
`ment in which two lines may be stimulated simultaneously.
`Specifically, Row A and Row B maybe simultaneously (or
`nearly simultaneously) stimulated with waveforms 801 and
`802. As can be seen, the phase of waveform 801 may be
`adjusted, e.g., after the fourth pulse. Asa result, the remaining
`pulses of waveforms 801 and 802 may be 180° out of phase.
`Sunilarly, Row C and Row D may be simultaneously (or
`nearly simultaneously) stimulated with waveforms 806 and
`807. Again, the phase ofwaveform 806 maybe adjusted, e.g.,
`after the fourth pulse. As a result, the remaining pulses of
`waveforms 806 and 807 may be 180° out of phase. The phase
`relationships between the waveforms may beeasily under-
`stood with reference to the + and - signs above.
`[0041] Unlike the example described above with reference
`to FIG.7, the timeperiods t, to t,, t, to t,, t, to t,, and t, to t,
`may no longer uniquely correspond to Rows A-D. Likewise,
`the measured values X1, X2, X3, and X4 resulting from
`integrating the sensed waveform (not shown) overthese time
`periods no longer uniquely correspondto the capacitance of a
`nodeat the intersection of a particular row and the column
`being sensed. In the example of FIG.8, time periodst, to t,
`and t, to t,, along with their corresponding measured values
`X1 and X2, correspond together to both Row A and Row B.
`Sunilarly, time periods t, to t, and t, to t,, along with their
`corresponding measured values X3 and X4, correspond
`together to both Row C and Row D. However, because of the
`PETITIONERS
`
`Exhibit 1008, Page 11
`
`PETITIONERS
`Exhibit 1008, Page 11
`
`

`

`US 2008/0158167 Al
`
`Jul. 3, 2008
`
`phase difference between the stimulus waveforms 801 and
`802, the effects of stimulating Row A only and Row B only
`can be isolated from each other. Similarly, because of the
`phase difference between the stimulus waveforms 806 and
`807, the effects of stimulating Row C only and Row D only
`can be isolated from each other.
`
`Specifically, because stimulus waveforms 801 and
`[0042]
`802 are in phase overtime period t, to t, and out ofphase over
`time period t, to t,, the integration result X1 plus the integra-
`tion result X2 (1.e., X1+X2) can yield a value corresponding
`to the capacitance of a nodeat the intersection of Row A and
`the line being sensed, i.e., only the effect of the stimulus of
`Row A.Similarly, the integration result X1 minus the inte-
`gration result X2 (1.e., X1-X2) can yield a value correspond-
`ing to the capacitance of a nodeat the intersection of Row B
`and the line being sensed, i.e., only the effect of the stimulus
`of Row B.
`
`[0043] The same applies to Rows C and D. Because stimu-
`lus waveforms 806 and 807are in phase overtimeperiod t, to
`t, and out of phase over time periodt, to t,, the integration
`result X3 plus the integration result X4 (1.e., X3+X4) can
`yield a value correspondingto the capacitance of a node atthe
`intersection of Row C andtheline being sensed, i.e., only the
`effect of the stimulus of Row C. Similarly, the integration
`result X3 minus the demodulation result X4 (1.e., X3-X4) can
`yield a value correspondingto the capacitance of a node atthe
`intersection of Row D andthe line being sensed,i.e., only the
`effect of the stimulus of Row D.
`
`be similarly scanned. This may be implemented, for example,
`by implementing counter 603. If at decision block 602, it is
`determinedthat there is touch within a given group/region as
`indicated by the DC content of the group, a fine scan of the
`group is performedin block 604. The results of the fine scan
`may be combinedto extract the signals corresponding to each
`row as described above. Onceall groups have been scanned,
`the process repeats.
`[0047] Turning back to FIGS. 5 and 6, each group of rows
`maybe scanned according to the principles described in the
`foregoing paragraphs. A multi-touch sensing arrangement
`may comprise any number ofrows and any numberof groups.
`In some embodiments, a multi-touch sensing arrangement
`can employ multi-line stimulation on a single group,i.e., all
`lines of the device may be stimulated simultaneously or
`nearly simultaneously. Additionally, although described in
`terms of rows and columns, the drive and sense lines may be
`arranged in any geometric arrangement.
`[0048] Multi-line stimulation as described above maypro-
`vide a number of advantages. For example, when multiple
`rowsare stimulated simultaneously, the stimulus voltage can
`be reduced. Specifically, the additive effect of multiple-row
`stimulus can result in the same sensed waveform amplitude
`for a lower“per row”stimulusvoltage. For example, a single-
`line scanning arrangement using an 18 Vpp (volts peak-to-
`peak) stimulus voltage could use a 9 Vpp stimulus voltage
`with two lines being simultaneously stimulated or with a 4.5
`Vpp stimulus voltage with four lines being simultaneously
`stimulated, etc., to obtain similar sensed waveform ampli-
`tude.
`
`Stimulus Voltage Phase Comparison
`Multi-Row Stimulation
`Differential Multi-Row Stimulation
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG.9 illustrates an exemplary multi-line stimula-
`[0044]
`tion arrangementin which four lines are stimulated simulta-
`[0049] Reducing the stimulus voltage can allow drive sig-
`neously. Duringafirst period from t, to t,, the periodic wave-
`nals to be supplied directly from a driver chip without requir-
`forms 901-904 applied to Rows A-D arein phase. At timet,,
`ing a high voltage booster. The reduced voltage can also help
`e.g., after the fourth pulse, the phase of waveforms 901 and
`to avoid fringe field and transistor breakdown issues. The
`902 can be adjusted so that waveforms 901 and 902 are 1800
`reduced voltage can also result in reduced power consump-
`out of phase with respect to waveforms 903 and 904. Simi-
`tion. Because powerscales as square of voltage, cutting volt-
`larly at timet,, e.g., after the next four pulses, the phases of
`age by a factor offour (for four row simultaneousstimulation)
`waveforms901 and 903 are adjusted. This can result in wave-
`cuts the powerper row bya factor of 16. However, because
`forms 901 and 904 being 180° out of phase with respect to
`there are four rows being driven, the actual power savings
`waveforms 902 and 903. Finally, at time t;, e.g., after four
`mayonly be a factor of 4. However, additional power may
`more pulses, the phase of waveforms 901 and 902 can again
`also be saved by not doing a fine-scan whenthere is no touch
`be adjusted. This can result in waveforms 901 and 903 being
`detected during a DC scan ofthe region, as described above.
`180° out ofphase with respect to waveforms 902 and 904. The
`[0050] A variation on the multi-row stimulation techniques
`phase relationships between the various waveforms can be
`described above maybereferred to as differential multi-row
`understood with reference to the + and — signs in the figure.
`stimulation. Differential multi-row stimulation may be
`[0045] Asinthe preceding example, the phaserelationships
`understood with referenceto the table below, which showsthe
`between waveforms 901-904allow the effects ofthe stimulus
`polarities of the stimulating waveforms for the multi-row
`on each individual row to be isolated as mathematical com-
`stimulation example of FIG. 9 above (Multi-Row Stimula-
`binationsofthe measuredintegration results. Specifically, the
`tion) comparedto thepolarities ofthe stimulating waveforms
`effects of the stimulus of Row A can be determined by the
`for a differential multi-row stimulation example (Differential
`expression X1+X2+X3+X4. The effects of the stimulus of
`Multi-Row Stimulation). Differential multi-row stimulation
`Row B can be determined by summing X14+X2-X3-X4. The
`may generally correspond to the multi-row stimulation
`effects of the stimulus of Row C can be determined by
`X1-X2-X3+X4. The effects of the stimulus of row D can be
`examples discussed above, except that the polarities of the
`determined by X1-X2+X3-X4.
`stimulating waveforms maybe rearrangedasindicated below.
`[0046] The process of operation 600 of the multi-touch
`sensing arrangement 500 with multi-row stimulation may be
`further understood with reference to the flow chart of FIG.6.
`First, the DC contentfor a group ofrows can be obtained 601.
`In the example of FIG. 8, the DC content ofthe group ofrows
`including Rows A and B can be obtainedby integrating the
`Row
`Row
`sensed waveform overtimeperiod t, to t,. This DC content
`
`Row Xl X2 X3 X3 X4=Sum X4 Sum Row Xl X2
`can indicate (somewhat coarsely) whether there is any touch
`present within a given group, e.g., Rows A and B, correspond-
`ing to a particular region of touch surface 501. If at decision
`block 602, it is determined that there is no touch within a
`given group/region the next group (e.