DECLARATION OF ACCURACY
`
`I, David Baldwin, declare the following:
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`I am over 18 years of age and competent to make this declaration.
`
`I am a qualified Japanese to English translator.
`
`I have translated the attached document identified as JPH10-197277.
`
`I affirm that the translated text has been translated and edited to the best of my ability and
`knowledge to accurately reflect the content, meaning, and style of the original text and constitutes
`in every respect a correct and true translation of the original document.
`
`I declare that all statements made herein of my knowledge are true, and that all statements made
`on information and belief are believed to be true, and that these statements were made with the
`knowledge that willful false statements and the like so made are punishable by fine or
`imprisonment, or both, under Section 1001 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
`
`I hereby certify under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of America that the foregoing
`is true and correct. Dated and signed on August 8, 2019.
`
`_____________________________
` (Translator’s Signature)
`
`David Baldwin
`_____________________________
`
` (Translator’s Printed Name)
`
`IPR2020-00409
`Apple EX1026 Page 1
`
`

`

`(19) Japan Patent Office (JP)
`
`
`
`(12) JAPANESE UNEXAMINED PATENT (11) Patent Application
`APPLICATION PUBLICATION (A)
`Disclosure No.
` JP H10-197277
`(43) Publication Date July 31, 1998 (Heisei 10)
`
`Ident. Code
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FI
`G01C 21/00
`G08G 1/005
`G09B 29/10
`
`
`
`
`
` Z
`
`A
`
`
`
` (51) Int. Cl.6
`
`
`G01C 21/00
`
`
`G08G 1/005
`
`
`G09B 29/10
`
`
`
`(21) Application No.
`
`(22) Date of Filing
`
`
`
`
`
`(54) [Title of Invention] DIRECTION INDICATION
`DEVICE, DIRECTION
`INDICATION METHOD,
`ROAD GUIDANCE
`SYSTEM, AND ROAD
`GUIDANCE METHOD
`
`(57) [Abstract]
` [Problem] Implementing a miniature and low-cost
`terminal suitable for navigation for guiding a user to a
`destination.
` [Resolution Means] Providing a radio wave positioning
`unit 16 for obtaining a first position information showing
`a current location using GPS; providing a setting unit 51
`capable of setting a second position information showing
`a destination using a service server function via a data
`communication unit 17; deriving a lead direction showing
`a direction to the destination from the first and second
`position information in a lead direction derivation unit 52;
`and moreover, using a bearing detection unit 18 to detect
`a direction the LCD 13 is facing. Furthermore, using an
`indication direction derivation unit 53
`to find an
`indication direction
`indicating
`the direction
`to
`the
`destination with respect to the orientation of the user with
`a relative direction and conveying the direction to the user
`with an arrow or audio from the indication direction
`output unit 54. Showing the direction to the destination in
`this manner without using a large volume of map
`information enables the construction of a navigation
`system using a miniature and low-cost user terminal.
`
`
`
`
`
`JP H9-1588
`
`January 8, 1997
`(Heisei 9)
`
`Examination Request: Not Yet Total No. of Claims: 9 OL (Total 10 pages)
`
`(71) Applicant
`
`
`
`(72) Inventor
`
`
`
`(72) Inventor
`
`
`
`(74) Agent
`
`
`
`000002369
`Seiko Epson Corp.
`2-4-1 Nishishinjuku,
`Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo-to
`Satoshi Maruyama
`c/o Seiko Epson Corp.
`3-3-5 Owa,
`Suwa-shi, Nagano-ken
`Takahiro Kobayashi
`c/o Seiko Epson Corp.
`3-3-5 Owa,
`Suwa-shi, Nagano-ken
`Saburo Suzuki
`Patent Attorney (and 2 others)
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2020-00409
`Apple EX1026 Page 2
`
`

`

`1
`
` [Scope of Patent Claims]
` [Claim 1] A direction indication device, comprising:
`positioning means capable of obtaining a
`first position
`information showing a current location using radio wave
`positioning;
`setting means capable of setting a second position information
`showing a destination;
`bearing detection means capable of grasping a reference bearing
`of a user;
`means for deriving a lead direction showing a direction to the
`destination from the current location using the first and second
`position information; and
`conveyance means for conveying, to the user, an indication
`direction showing the lead direction with respect to the reference
`bearing.
` [Claim 2] The direction indication device according to claim 1,
`wherein the conveyance means is display means capable of
`displaying the indication direction, and the bearing detection
`means is capable of grasping an orientation of the display means
`as the reference bearing.
` [Claim 3] The direction indication device according to claim 1,
`wherein the conveyance means is means for conveying the
`indication direction using audio, and the bearing detection means
`is capable of grasping an orientation of a body of the user as the
`reference bearing.
` [Claim 4] The direction indication device according to claim 1,
`further comprising communication means capable of transmitting
`and receiving data, wherein the setting means is capable of
`obtaining the second position information via the communication
`means.
` [Claim 5] The direction indication device according to claim 4,
`wherein the communication means is capable of exchanging the
`first and second position information with a specific information
`processing device via a public communication network.
` [Claim 6] A direction indication method, comprising:
`a first step for obtaining a first position information showing a
`current location using radio wave positioning;
`a second step for grasping a reference bearing of a user;
`a third step for deriving a lead direction showing a direction to a
`destination from the current location using the first position
`information and a second position information showing the
`destination; and
`a fourth step for conveying, to the user, an indication direction
`showing the lead direction with respect to the reference
`orientation.
` [Claim 7] The direction indication method according to claim 6,
`further comprising a fifth step for obtaining the second position
`information via a public communication network capable of
`transmitting and receiving data.
` [Claim 8] A road guidance system for performing road
`guidance to a user terminal capable of grasping a current location
`using radio wave positioning and showing a direction to a
`destination with respect to the current location, the road guidance
`system comprising:
`means for setting a final destination of a user;
`means for grasping the current location of the user using a first
`position information obtained using the radio wave positioning of
`the user terminal;
`means for deriving a guidance route from the current location to
`the final destination;
`
`
`
`2
`means for deriving a second position information showing a first
`destination closest to the current location along the guidance
`route;
`means for conveying the second position information to the user
`terminal; and
`means for conveying, to the user terminal, the second position
`information showing a second destination closest to the first
`destination when the first position information matches the
`second position information.
`[Claim 9] A road guidance method for performing road guidance
`to a user terminal capable of grasping a current location using
`radio wave positioning and showing a direction to a destination
`with respect to the current location, the road guidance method
`comprising:
`a step for setting a final destination of a user;
`a step for grasping the current location of the user using a first
`position information obtained using the radio wave positioning of
`the user terminal;
`a step for deriving a guidance route from the current location to
`the final destination;
`a step for deriving a second position information showing a first
`destination closest to the current location along the guidance
`route;
`a step for conveying the second position information to the user
`terminal; and
`a step for conveying, to the user terminal, the second position
`information showing a second destination closest to the first
`destination when the first position information matches the
`second position information.
` [Detailed Description of the Invention]
` [0001]
` [Technical Field of the Invention]
`The present invention relates to a direction indication device and
`indication method for indicating a movement direction or the like,
`a road guidance system using the direction indication device, and
`a road guidance method.
` [0002]
` [Conventional Art] Several products have been developed to
`which systems have been applied that are capable of receiving
`radio waves from a plurality of satellites to detect its own position,
`and for example, car navigation using a global positioning system
`(GPS) is used by many users. Using GPS or differential GPS
`(DGPS), which is corrected using differential information,
`enables position information such as the latitude, longitude, and
`altitude expressing a current location to be easily obtained, and a
`car navigation system matches this position information with road
`information on a map loaded in a system to be able to indicate a
`route to a driver.
` [0003]
` [Problem to be Solved by the Invention]
`In recent years, personal navigation systems using GPS other than
`those loaded in vehicles have been developed, and road guidance
`using GPS has become possible in fields other than driving.
`However, personal navigation systems require a display large
`enough to display a map, and moreover, an external storage
`medium having a large storage volume such as a CD-ROM must
`be loaded to accumulate map information in advance. Therefore,
`it is difficult to miniaturize a personal navigation system, and
`moreover, they are expensive. Thus, as of yet it has not been
`possible to provide a navigation system that can be easily used by
`anyone for personal use.
`
`
`
`
`IPR2020-00409
`Apple EX1026 Page 3
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`3
` [0004] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to
`provide a portable terminal whereon a navigation system can be
`configured that can be miniaturized, made lightweight, and can be
`easily carried by anyone. Furthermore, an object of the present
`invention is to provide a road guidance system capable of
`performing navigation using a portable terminal that can be
`provided at a low price.
` [0005]
` [Means for Solving the Problem] Thus, the present invention
`does not use a map to lead a user to a destination, but provides a
`direction indication device that can indicate a direction to a
`destination to lead a user, and using this direction indication
`device as a terminal enables a personal navigation system to be
`constructed. Furthermore, when using an arrow display, forward,
`back, left, and right or the like to show the direction to a
`destination, bearing detection means such as a gyroscope or
`electronic compass are used to detect a bearing that will be a
`reference for the user, namely the orientation of the user or the
`orientation of the display device, and can be conveyed to the user
`with relative indication directions that enable a destination to be
`intuitively understood with visual and auditory senses.
` [0006] That is, the direction indication device of the present
`invention has positioning means capable of obtaining a first
`position information showing a current location using radio wave
`positioning; setting means capable of setting a second position
`information showing a destination; bearing detection means
`capable of grasping a reference bearing of a user; means for
`deriving a lead direction showing a direction to the destination
`from the current location using the first and second position
`information; and conveyance means for conveying, to the user, an
`indication direction showing the lead direction with respect to the
`reference bearing. Furthermore, the direction indication method
`of the present invention has a first step for obtaining a first
`position information showing a current location using radio wave
`positioning; a second step for grasping a reference bearing of a
`user; a third step for deriving a lead direction showing a direction
`to a destination from the current location using the first position
`information and a second position information showing the
`destination; and a fourth step for conveying, to the user, an
`indication direction showing the lead direction with respect to the
`reference orientation.
` [0007] It is possible to use display means capable of displaying
`the indication direction as the conveyance means, and the bearing
`detection means can grasp the orientation of the display means as
`the reference bearing, and a display such as an arrow or forward,
`back, left, and right may be used to show a relative indication
`direction. Furthermore, it is possible to adopt means for
`conveying the indication direction using audio as the conveyance
`means, and in such a case, it is preferable for the bearing
`detection means to grasp the orientation of the body of the user as
`the reference bearing. Configuring such that the indication
`direction can be conveyed using audio enables a movement
`direction to be suggested to users with visual impairments as well,
`and furthermore, the movement direction is determined without
`seeing a display, and thus a safe navigation system can be
`constructed.
`indication device and direction
`the direction
` [0008] In
`indication method of the present invention, it is possible to lead a
`user to a destination without using map information, and thus the
`display device can be miniaturized, and furthermore, it is also
`possible to lead the user with audio. Moreover, there is no need to
`keep map information, and thus a high capacity storage device is
`
`4
`unnecessary, enabling terminals to be provided for navigation
`systems for personal use that can actually be low-cost and mobile.
`Furthermore, in a conventional navigation system wherein a
`destination is displayed in map information, the destination is
`indicated as shown from an aerial view, and thus the user must
`mentally think of the direction in which to move or must
`determine the direction in which to move with respect to
`landmarks such as stores. In contrast, using the direction
`indication device and direction indication method of the present
`invention enables a movement direction to be indicated that can
`be intuitively understood by the user, and thus it is possible to
`more safely and reliably guide a user to a destination.
` [0009] Furthermore, using the direction indication device and
`the direction indication method of the present invention allows a
`suitable destination to be set and the direction to the destination to
`be constantly understood. Thus, it is possible to use as a compass
`showing specific places other than north and south, and it is
`possible to use as a device for amusement such as hide and seek
`or searching games.
`indication device and direction
` [0010] In
`the direction
`indication method of the present invention, it is of course possible
`to manually set the second position information of the destination,
`but it is also possible to provide communication means capable of
`transmitting and receiving data and be able to obtain the second
`position information via the communication means with the
`setting means. Providing communication means enables, for
`example, a car navigation system or a home-use desktop
`computer capable of displaying a map to be used to determine a
`destination in advance, and the position information thereof can
`be set in the direction indication device of the present invention in
`advance. Furthermore, communication means enabling the first
`and second position information to be exchanged with a specific
`information processing device via a public communication
`network, namely a computer communication network such as
`phone, radio, or internet, enables the second position information
`showing the destination to be obtained before moving or during
`moving. For example, it is possible to use a menu display for
`restaurants or souvenir shops to select a specific shop stored in an
`information processing device as the destination to obtain the
`position information of that shop using communication means. In
`the direction indication device and the direction indication
`method of the present invention, when the position information of
`the destination can be obtained, the direction thereof can be
`constantly indicated, and thus the user can be unerringly lead to
`the destination. Furthermore,
`the data exchanged via
`the
`communication means is position information such as latitude,
`longitude, and altitude, and thus the volume of different
`information such as map information may be small. Therefore,
`the communication
`time and expenses for obtaining
`the
`destination can also be small.
` [0011] Furthermore, the destination can sometimes be obtained
`from the information processing device, and thus suitable
`destinations along the route to the final destination can be
`obtained, and when arriving at these destinations the user is
`guided to the next destination, and this process enables the user to
`be guided to a final destination along a predetermined path
`
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`5
`without showing map information. That is, it is possible to use
`the user terminal of the present invention capable of grasping
`a current location using radio wave positioning and showing a
`direction to a destination with respect to the current location,
`and to provide a road guidance system and a road guidance
`method for performing road guidance to this user terminal.
`Thus, the road guidance system of the present invention has
`means for setting a final destination of a user; means for grasping
`the current location of the user using a first position information
`obtained using the radio wave positioning of the user terminal;
`means for deriving a guidance route from the current location to
`the final destination; means for deriving a second position
`information showing a first destination closest to the current
`location along the guidance route; means for conveying the
`second position information to the user terminal; and means for
`conveying, to the user terminal, the second position information
`showing a second destination closest to the first destination when
`the first position information matches the second position
`information. Furthermore, the road guidance method of the
`present invention has a step for setting a final destination of a
`user; a step for grasping the current location of the user using a
`first position
`information obtained using
`the radio wave
`positioning of the user terminal; a step for deriving a guidance
`route from the current location to the final destination; a step for
`deriving a second position information showing a first destination
`closest to the current location along the guidance route; a step for
`conveying the second position information to the user terminal;
`and a step for conveying, to the user terminal, the second position
`information showing a second destination closest to the first
`destination when the first position information matches the
`second position information.
` [0012] In the road guidance system and method of the
`present invention, the primary information communicated with
`the user terminal may be position information only. Therefore,
`there is no need for the road guidance system to be constantly
`connected
`to
`the user
`terminal, and moreover,
`the
`communication time may be short. Furthermore, it is possible
`to remove all complex operations such as setting a route from
`the user terminal and perform them on the road guidance
`system side, and thus the processing time for the user terminal
`may be short. Also, an appropriate indication direction is
`conveyed to the user in real time, and thus the user can
`reliably arrive at the destination in a short amount of time.
` [0013] It is possible for the direction indication method and
`road guidance method of the present invention to be provided
`as software. It is possible for software provided with the steps
`of the direction indication method to be an add-on for a mobile
`information processing terminal and to be supplemented with
`functions as the direction indication device according to the
`present
`invention. Furthermore, operating a
`software
`application provided with the steps of the road guidance
`method of the present invention on a computer with a high
`processing performance such as a work station enables the
`road guidance system of the present invention to be provided.
`Such software can be provided stored on a computer or CPU
`readable storage medium such as a magnetic disc or ROM,
`and can be stored on a fixed type hard disc or ROM and
`loaded as necessary to exhibit the functions thereof.
` [0014]
`
`
`6
` [Embodiments of the Invention] Embodiments of the present
`invention will be described below with reference to drawings.
`FIG. 1 illustrates an example configuring a navigation system
`1 using a user terminal provided with a direction indication
`function according to the present invention. This will be
`described in detail below, but the user terminal provided with
`the direction indication function according to the present
`invention can be implemented as a wrist-watch type 10, a
`wallet type 20, or an earphone type 30, and is configured to
`receive radio waves from a GPS satellite 2 to obtain position
`information (first position information), namely, the latitude,
`longitude, and altitude of its current location. Furthermore,
`these user terminals 10, 20, and 30 are configured to use a
`method such as a dialup IP connection to connect to a
`computer network (internet 3), and to connect to a navigation
`server (service server) 40 for providing position information
`(second position information) for the destination via the
`internet 3.
` [0015] FIG. 2 illustrates an outline of a wrist-watch type
`user terminal 10. The user terminal 10 in the present example
`is provided with a disk shaped main body 11 and a belt 12 for
`wearing the main body 11 on an arm 9 of the user, and the
`main body 11 is provided with a liquid crystal display (LCD)
`13 as the display means. The user terminal 10 in the present
`example is provided with functionality as a wrist-watch, a
`communication function, or the like in addition to a direction
`indication function, and is configured to switch between these
`functions to be used. FIG. 2 illustrates one example of the
`display on the LCD 13 when the direction indication function
`is selected, wherein the coordinates (latitude and longitude) of
`the current location calculated using a GPS function are
`displayed in an upper portion 13a and the altitude and distance
`to the destination are displayed in a lower portion 13b.
`Furthermore, an arrow 5 showing the direction to the
`destination is displayed in the center 13c of the LCD 13.
` [0016] FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 illustrate an outline of the wallet
`type user terminal 20. The user terminal 20 in the present
`example is provided with a substantially rectangular housing
`21, and an LCD 13 is installed in the center thereof. The user
`terminal 20 in the present example is a user terminal loaded
`with various functions such as a communication function or a
`schedule management function in addition to the direction
`indication function, and it is configured to switch between
`these functions or to be operated using multitasking. FIG. 3
`and FIG. 4 illustrate a screen for the direction indication
`function being displayed on the LCD 13, and similar to the
`wrist-watch type user terminal 10, it displays an arrow 5
`showing the direction to the destination in addition to the
`position information 22 of the current location obtained using
`the GPS function.
` [0017] FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 illustrate a user 8 facing the LCD
`13 up and the arrow 5 displayed thereon (FIG. 3) and the user
`8 facing the LCD 13 down above his head and the arrow 5
`displayed thereon (FIG. 4) at the same position. In the present
`example, the direction to the destination is diagonally forward
`and right of the user 8, and the arrow 5 shown in FIG. 3 is in
`the upper right direction of the housing 21, and the arrow 5
`shown in FIG. 4 is in the lower right direction of
`
`
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`7
`the housing 21. To show the intent of this arrow 5 in further detail
`with reference to FIG. 5, when a point A represents the current
`location of the user and a point B represents the destination, when
`the user holds the user terminal 20 in their hands at the point A
`and spins 360 degrees, the arrow 5 will constantly face the
`direction of the point B regardless of the orientation of the user
`terminal 20. Note that the display on the LCD 13 shown in FIG. 5
`also displays a mark 6 showing north in addition to the arrow 5,
`and this mark 6 also constantly points to north.
` [0018] Accordingly, the user terminal 10 and 20 in the present
`example are configured such that the user terminals 10 and 20
`automatically grasp the orientation (bearing) of the LCD 13, and
`even when the LCD 13 is facing up or down or spun 360 degrees
`the arrow 5 accurately shows the direction to the destination.
`Therefore, regardless of which direction the user points the user
`terminal 10 and 20, the direction to the destination (indication
`direction) with respect the direction the user terminal 10 is facing,
`or in other words, to the reference bearing that is the reference to
`which the user is facing, can be made known with the orientation
`of the arrow. Thus, the user can intuitively understand the
`direction to the destination and quickly and reliably move toward
`the destination without performing any laborious tasks such as
`mentally converting and comprehending a position on a map and
`a movement direction or matching up landmarks on the map with
`actual landmarks to determine a movement direction.
` [0019] FIG. 6 shows an outline of a hardware configuration for
`the direction indicating function of the user terminal 10, 20, and
`30 in the present example. The configurations for the direction
`indication function of the user terminal 10, 20, and 30 in the
`present example are substantially the same, and thus will be
`described centered on the wrist-watch type user terminal 10. The
`user terminal 10 in the present example is provided with a radio
`wave positioning unit 16 for receiving radio waves from a GPS
`satellite to find the coordinates of the current location (first
`position information), a data communication unit 17 capable of
`using a wireless telephone function to connect to the internet, a
`liquid crystal display panel 13 as the display device, a bearing
`detection means 18 that can grasp the orientation of the liquid
`crystal display panel 13, and a CPU 14 connected to these
`processing units through a bus 14a for performing general control
`and data processing. Moreover, the user terminal 10 in the present
`example is provided with an input device 15 that enables
`operations such as selecting a function or manually inputting
`coordinate data for a destination and an internal storage device
`(memory) 19 for temporarily storing coordinate data of the
`destination, coordinate data of the current location, or the like,
`whereon a program is stored for performing direction indication,
`and these are also connected to the bus 14a.
` [0020] The radio wave positioning unit 16 is provided with an
`antenna unit 16a for receiving radio waves from a GPS satellite, a
`GPS reception unit 16b, and furthermore, a GPS calculation unit
`16c for calculating the coordinates of the current location from
`received data. Of course it is also possible to use the function of
`the CPU14 as the GPS calculation unit 16. Moreover, the data
`communication unit 17 is provided with an antenna unit 17a for
`communication, and a
`
`8
`data communication device 17b provided with a function to
`convert, transmit, and receive data such as position information
`for communication. The data communication unit 17 in the
`present example is configured to be able to access the internet,
`which is a computer network using means such as wireless
`telephone or PHS to spread substantially over the globe, and can
`exchange data with a specific service server 40 from most places
`around the world.
` [0021] Furthermore, the bearing detection unit 18 in the present
`example is configured to use an electronic compass 18a and a
`horizontal sensor 18b to find the bearing and angle the LCD 13 is
`facing. The configuration of the bearing detection unit 18 is not
`limited to the present example, and may, for example, use a
`gyroscope to find the bearing and angle the LCD 13 is facing.
` [0022] The wallet type user terminal 20, which has a housing
`21 with a large capacity compared to the wrist-watch type user
`terminal 10, can have an external storage device 25 such as a
`hard-disc unit or a floppy disc unit added thereto in addition.
`Moreover, software (a program) for implementing the direction
`indicating function may be loaded in the external storage device
`25, or the position information (coordinates) of the destination
`may be stored beforehand. Furthermore, an LCD 13 having a
`larger size compared to the wrist-watch type user terminal 10 can
`be utilized, and thus a transcription such as left, right, forward, or
`back can show the direction to the destination instead of or in
`addition to the arrow 5, and furthermore, map display using
`simple diagrams is possible.
` [0023] Moreover, the earphone type user terminal 30 is
`provided with an audio transmission device (speaker) 35 for
`indicating
`the direction
`to
`the destination using audio.
`Furthermore, the bearing detection unit 18 is configured to be
`worn on the body of the user to detect not the orientation of an
`LCD, but the orientation of the body, for example, the head, and
`to derive the indication direction with the orientation of the body
`of the user as the reference bearing.
` [0024] FIG. 7 uses a block diagram to show the functional
`configuration of the user terminal 10, 20, and 30 in the present
`example. The functional configuration is substantially the same
`for the user terminal 10, 20, and 30, and thus will be described
`centered on the wrist-watch type user terminal 10. The user
`terminal 10 in the present example is provided with a setting unit
`51 for obtaining position data for the destination from the service
`server 40 via the data communication unit 15 and setting the
`position data (second position information) to the position storage
`region 19a in the memory 19, a lead direction derivation unit 52
`for deriving a lead direction showing the destination from
`position data (first position information) for the current location
`measured by the radio wave positioning unit 16 and the second
`position information stored on the position storage region 19a,
`and an indication direction derivation unit 53 for comparing the
`bearing of the LCD 13 detected by the bearing detection unit 18
`to the lead direction to find the indication direction to display on
`the LCD 13, wherein an indication direction output unit 54
`converts this indication direction into an arrow shape and displays
`it on the LCD 13. Furthermore, in the user terminal 10 in the
`present example, the CPU 14 operates while a predetermined
`program is loaded to implement the functions of these processing
`units 51, 52, 53, and 54.
`
`
`
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`9
` [0025] Note that in the earphone type user terminal 30, the
`indication direction output unit 54, which is a conveyance
`means, converts the indication direction to audio, and the user
`can hear the audio via a speaker 35.
` [0026] Accordingly, the user terminal 10, 20, and 30 in the
`present example is configured to be able to receive a radio
`wave from a GPS satellite to obtain the first position
`information showing the current location, find the direction to
`the destination from the first position information and the
`second position information showing the destination, and use
`the arrow 5, audio, or the like to indicate (convey) that
`direction to the user. Furthermore, when conveying the
`direction to the destination to the user, the user terminal 10, 20,
`and 30 in the present example is configured to detect the
`orientation of the LCD 13 or the orientation of the body of the
`user (reference bearing) and indicate the direction to the
`destination with respect to the standard bearing. Accordingly,
`the user terminal 10, 20, and 30 in th