Toward Realization of VICS - Vehicle
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`Information and Communications System
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`Kaoru Tamura, Makoto Hirayama
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`VICS Promotion Council
`2nd FL., Bansui Bldg.
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`Tokyo Japan5-16, Toranomon 1-chome, Minato-ku,
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`Phone: +81-3-3592-5492 FAX: +81-3-3592-5494
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`Abstract
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`increase, making road traffic more difficult and unpleasant.
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`The practical application of the Vehicle Information and Com­
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`The VICS (Vehicle Information & Communication System)
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`munication System (hereafter referred to as VICS) contributes
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`Promotion Council is participated in by over 200 companies
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`significantly towards solving these problems by Q.ffering a new
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`and organizations. Since its establishment in October, 1991,
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`form of road traffic information to drivers.
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`the Council has been conducting research on an information
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`distribution system for drivers with the support of three major
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`ministries: the National Police Agency, the Ministry of Posts
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`and Telecommunications, and the Ministry of Construction. It
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`also continuously reviews the system. As a result, the basic
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`Objectives of VICS
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`form of the traffic information distribution system is made
`Objectives: Demand for traffic information has not only
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`clear for drivers in Japan.
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`greatly increased, but has become more and more sophisticated.
`To make the results of its reviews up to now widely understood
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`By providing any information in any format drivers want
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`by the public, the VICS Promotion Council is currently preparing
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`"anytime, anywhere" in response to various drivers' needs,
`demonstration.
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`VICS makes it easier to make intelligent driving decisions. By
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`knowing the roads where traffic tends to be jammed, drivers
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`This paper describes the demonstration, introduces VICS'
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`can select optimal routes. In addition, by precisely understanding
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`objectives and the reasons for its establishment, and describes
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`traffic condition, driver's mental stability can be maintained.
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`the current status of the its activities.
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`It is VICS' objective to "contribute to safe and smooth road use
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`• Outline of VICS
`•VICS demonstration
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`and to improving environmental protection".
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`Outline of VICS
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`The more drivers utilize the information VICS provides, the
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`The public demonstration is scheduled to be held on November
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`smoother and safer driving will become as a whole. Each
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`9 and I 0, 1993 in the Tokyo Metropolitan area with the
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`of the National Police Agency, the Ministry of
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`individual who utilizes this information benefits many other
`cooperation
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`. drivers who do not directly make use of it, thus VICS will
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`Posts and Telecommunications, and the Ministry of Construction.
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`benefit and contribute to society significantly.
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`Introduction
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`Road traffic is a problem throughout
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`Ground/or realization:
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`the world. To cope with this, Japan has been laying a solid
`The automobile is used by people for the sake of convenience,
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`foundation
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`for a new approach utilizing information commu­
`demand is on the increase.
`and road traffic
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`nications systems like VICS.
`Traffic jam and an increase in traffic accidents have been the
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`First, a road traffic information collection system has already
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`result, and the original objective of automobile
`transportation
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`for the new been built by the public sector. The information
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`-- "reaching one's destination with safety, comfort, confi­
`information communications
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`dence and speed" -- has become more and more difficult to
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`systems is already in existence
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`utilization. and waiting for effective
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`achieve. This problem is widely recognized.
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`Nevertheless, traffic control is becoming more sophisticated
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`Second, on-board intelligence of vehicles is improved and
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`thanks to new roads, road improvement, traffic signals and
`popularized
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`so that it can use the new information technologies.
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`traffic control systems, and traffic safety education as administrative
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`measure. The fact remains, however, that traffic continues to
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`Already, approximately 400,000 vehicles have navigation systems
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`IEEE -IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference, Ottawa -VNIS '93 0-7803-1235-X/93/$3.00 © 1993 IEEE
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`systems which have been developed by various organizations
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`installed, and this is a major factor in the successful building
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`should be harmonized and that radio frequencies should be
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`of a nation-wide digital road map database.
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`effectively used, based on contribution to traffic safety and
`smoothness.
`Third, development of a mobile communications system which
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`provides information for such vehicle equipment is near com­
`In December I 990, the establishment of VICS Promotion
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`pletion. Tests of the Advanced Mobile Traffic Information and
`Communication system (AMTICS),
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`Council was planned by the three ministries mentioned above
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`the Road and Automobile
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`as a preparatory body for the establishment and smooth management
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`Communication System (RACS), and of FM multiplex broad­
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`of VICS operation body. The VICS Promotion Council was
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`casting by the Telecommunications Technology Council indi­
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`inaugurated in October 1991 with over 200 corporations and
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`cate a promising future for these technologies.
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`organizations participating
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`including most members of the
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`AMTICS Practical Promotion Council and the RACS Practical
`Compared to foreign countries, Japan has a highly-developed
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`Promotion Council, which had previously been disbanded to
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`basis for the creation of a road traffic information and commu­
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`make way for VICS.
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`nication system. What remains to be done is to conduct
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`practical application of this basis.
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`The VICS
`VICS Promotion Council Review Organization:
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`Promotion Council is an organization, which currently has 207
`The VICS Promotion Council is working to making this sys­
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`members from the private sector (including eight members
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`tem a reality at the earliest possible date.
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`from the US and Europe origin) and receives support from the
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`government sector and academic sector.
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`The VICS Organization
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`VICS Promotion Council contains a review body that evalu­
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`In introduc­
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`Establishment of the VICS Promotion Council:
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`ates its activities through committee meetings.
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`ing the new road traffic information system, the National
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`Police Agency, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunica­
`The review body consists of3 committees whose subcommittees
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`tions, and the Ministry of Construction started work to sys­
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`review different aspects of VICS' activities to improve its
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`tematize each system developed by each organization involved
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`progress and efficiency. (See Fig. I.)
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`as a VICS, and inaugurated the "VICS Contact Office" in
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`March 1990 to achieve this, in the recognition that the various
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`General Meeting
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`Board of Directors
`Meeting
`Chairman
`Auditors
`Advisory Staff
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`Vice Chairman
`Board of Directors
`Se cretariat
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`steering Committee
`Managers Meeting
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`Commerce Committee
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`Research Committee
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`Ex erlmental Committee
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`System
`Subcommittee
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`Datebase
`Radio Beacon
`Subcommittee
`Subcommittee
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`...
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`___
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`...................................
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`-----,
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`Teleterminal
`: General : : Kansai :
`: Experiment :: Experiment : Demonstration
`Subcommittee
`: Subcommit
`tee:: Subcommittee: Subcommittee
`.Jt<undecided) .J
`t<undecided)
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`Experiment
`Secretaria
`t
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`In-Vehicle
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`Equipment WG
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`FIG. 1 Organization of VICS Promotion Council
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`Utilization of VICS information:
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`System Outline
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`Distribution information:
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`System configuration:
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`The Commerce Committee is composed of three subcommit­
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`(2)Road traffic related information
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`tees: the System Subcommittee, which reviews VICS' features
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`•Parking information (location, availability)
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`for practical application, and income and expenditures of
`•Others
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`VICS operation body; the Safety Subcommittee, which re­
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`views product performance and whether the utilization of
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`VICS information is pro­
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`vided as realtime information,
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`VICS information adversely affects safety, and· the Database
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`and the most effective method
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`Subcommittee, which carefully investigates what information
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`available is to utilize the navigation system road map screen.
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`The more drivers utilize VICS information, the more benefi­
`users want in VICS.
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`cial the effects on road traffic in general will be. For this
`Committee includes the Radio Beacon Subcom­
`The Research
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`reason, the Council is considering such type of information
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`distribution that more people can easily utilize VICS informa­
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`mittee, the Optical Beacon Subcommittee, the FM Multiplex
`tion.
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`Subcommittee, and the Teleterminal Subcommittee, and is
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`utilization actual the harmony between currently reviewing
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`methods and VICS in general.
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`The following three types of display are under consideration.
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`In the Experimental Committee, the Demonstration Subcom­
`( 1)Map display
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`mittee was set up in Autumn of last year to carry out demon­
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`•To display traffic jams, accidents, etc. on the in-vehicle
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`stration to announce the efficiency and usefulness of VICS.
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`road map and help drivers get information on the entire
`traffic.
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`(2)Simplified graphic display
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`•Text and simplified graphics presented via an in-vehicle
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`VICS works to increase sophisti­
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`TV-type display that shows VICS information.
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`cation of navigation by providing information and promoting
`(3)Text display
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`the effective utilization of road networks. The information
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`crystal•VICS information displayed in text on the liquid
`includes the following.
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`display of an in-vehicle radio set and audio set.
`(I)Road traffic information
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`•Traffic jam information
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`(section, degree)
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`The VICS system is illustrated in Fig.
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`information (location, causes)
`•Accident
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`2.This figure shows the total VICS concept in accordance with
`the flow ofVICS information.
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`•Traffic restriction information (location, contents)
`•Others
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`Information
`Information Information
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`Information
`n F:> Editing/ Collectio
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`Ft> Distribution Is> Utilizati
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`on
`Processing
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`Authorities
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`� JARTIC �
`(''''" Rood )
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`Others �
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`Traffic
`Information
`Center
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`Vehicle
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`H VICS --')
`Subsystem
`of
`*Improvement
`*Radio Beacon
`safety driving
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`*Optical Beacon
`VICS
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`*FM Multiplex*Smoothing traffic
`Center
`broadcast
`flow
`*Teleterminal*Environmental
`on
`protecti
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`*Improvement of
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`economic efficiency
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`FIG. 2 General Concept of VICS
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`The VICS structure includes four functions: information
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`other organizations.
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`collection, editing/processing, distribution, and utilization.
`For information editing/processing, VICS center receives in­
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`formation and data sent from multiple
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`Information on traffic jams and accidents is already collected
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`information sources and
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`sends it to the proper media for transmission
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`by public safety commissions and road administrators.
`The
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`in a unified and
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`VICS center edits and processes the information it receives. In
`centralized manner.
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`addition, parking lot and other information is received from
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`Beacon, FM multiplex broadcast, and teleterminals are under
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`study by VICS Promotion Council as information distribution
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`Basic requirements/or demonstration: It is possible to obtain
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`media. Methods of utilization and the advantages and special
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`a correct understanding and evaluation on the part of users by
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`features of each media are also being studied.
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`similar g the demonstration according to specifications
`conductin
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`to those that will be used in practical application. By so doing,
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`To enable people to take appropriate action in driving such as
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`user's suggestions can be reflected in the system's specifica­
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`choosfng a less congested road by utilizing VICS information,
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`tions. The demonstration should utilize the system that will be
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`equipment manufacturing companies are develop­
`in-vehicle
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`adopted for actual use.
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`ing their own in-vehicle equipment in line with the safety
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`guideline plan drawn up by the Safety Subcommittee. The
`For infrastructure, information, and in-vehicle equipment,
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`VICS Promotion Council would like to see healthy competi­
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`practical application can be considered as shown below.
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`tion leading to improved equipment and better information
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`utilization.
`(I)Implementation with the same infrastructure as used in
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`practical application: Information processing and distribution
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`process by same· procedure used in practical application.
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`At VICS, these four functions must be fused. If even one is
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`missing, the goals of traffic safety and smoothness cannot be
`achieved.
`(2)Implementation using the same information used at the
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`time of practical application: Realtime data on traffic
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`jams, restrictions, accidents, travel time, parking information,
`etc.
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`VICS Demonstration
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`Purpose
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`(3)Implementation with the same in-vehicle equipment as
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`As a result of its review up to this time, the VICS Promotion
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`that used in practical application: Free design based on
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`Council has been able to clarify the basic form of a traffic
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`the originality of in-vehicle equipment manufacturing
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`information distribution system for drivers in Japan, and clarify
`companies
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`its social, economic, and safety-improvement effects and im­
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`pact on society and industry. To inaugurate this system as soon
`Conditions matching those at the time of practical applica­
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`tion: For practical application of VICS, marketability and
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`as possible, the Council has decided that a public promotion
`and
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`effort is essential.
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`social acceptability must be ensured. In the demonstration
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`system verification, basic function evaluation and VICS social
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`To this end, the VICS Promotion Council is conducting not
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`only a review, but is also performing experiments in the field
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`acceptability and marketability will need to be evaluated. The
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`contents of these are described below in detail.
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`and preparing experiment sites for users. Through this, expe­
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`rience is being obtained, and demonstration is planned to make
`In the plan of the present demonstration, the most important
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`the effects of the system clearer.
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`feature is that the system's marketability be confirmed. This
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`will divided into information and media aspects, and condi­
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`tions will be set as described below. From an early stage of the
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`A concrete review of the current demonstration is now being
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`Demonstration Subcommittee's review, these conditions have
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`been requirements for decision of value of implementation of
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`made by the Experimental Committee and the Demonstration
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`Subcommittee, which were organized in October I 992.
`the demonstration.
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`Review Organization
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`(I)Multiple information sources ( unified information processing)
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`Fifty-five corporations and organizations are participating in
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`The information obtained independently by public safety
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`the Experimental Committee, and fifty-three of these corporations
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`commissions and road administrators could until now
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`and organizations in the Demonstration Subcommittee.
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`only be obtained separately via many kinds of media and
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`at different places. By unifying this and related informa­
`The Demonstration Subcommittee includes the following working
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`tion in digital form, VICS can systematically provide
`information of various
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`types matched to user needs.
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`groups:
`•The Public Relations & Planning Working Group, which
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`carry out a plan to effectively gain acceptance and un­
`when necessary)information (2)Realtime information (required
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`derstanding of VICS.
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`In Japan, a number of different vehicle navigation sys­
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`•The Center System Working Group, which review infra­
`structures.
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`tems are already on the market. Among these, a route
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`guide function to show the user the route to a desired
`•The In-Vehicle Equipment Working Group, which review
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`and manufacture equipment for use in vehicles.
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`destination is available. However, this guide does not
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`show traffic conditions at that time. By providing road
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`These working groups are making extensive reviews, while
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`of the Commerce with the subcommittees closely communicating
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`traffic information in realtime, the user can select routes
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`Committee and the Research Committee.
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`more intelligently. Some manufacturers' equipment in­
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`cludes a vacant route guide that is automatically dis­
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`played. This reduces travel time and alleviates road jam.
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`The travel time reduction is the most important factor in
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`Demonstration Plan
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`Verification of VICS social acceptability and marketability:
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`compatibility with existing information distribution me­
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`VICS marketability.
`dia will be taken into consideration.
`(3)Multiple media (background of various products respond­
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`ing to needs)
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`The most important part of the VICS demonstration is the
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`These media include a beacon, which (from the user
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`preliminary evaluation of social acceptability and marketabil­
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`viewpoint) provides location-specific information inter­
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`a public question­ity. This evaluation will be made through
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`mittently in micro zones, and FM multiplex broadcast,
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`naire survey after finishing the above function verification.
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`which provides wide-range information everywhere and
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`at all times. Healthy development will require a user­
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`(I)The social acceptability evaluation will be conducted to
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`oriented system. The demonstration will therefore need
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`see if the participants agree that the system is beneficial in
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`to include many types of in-vehicle equipment and be
`the demonstration.
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`conducted under actual road conditions.
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`(2)It is presumed that companies will freely design and
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`In the demonstration, two basic
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`manufacture in-vehicle equipment
`in a soundly competi­
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`functions will be evaluated: operational reliability in relation
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`tive way. To establish a market that many users can utilize
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`to the demonstration specifications, and the efficiency of the
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`as soon as possible, a wide range of prices and services are
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`information distribution function.
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`needed. Proper evaluation can be made by providing
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`multiple types of equipment for vehicles used in the
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`( 1)Verification of operational reliability
`demonstration.
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`It is necessary to confirm the reliability of information
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`processing and communications lines and the display
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`operation of this rapidly-changing dynamic information
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`distribution system.
`A total view of the demonstration system is
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`(2)Verification of efficiency
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`shown in Fig. 3. In the demonstration, beacons (radio and
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`optical) and FM multiplex broadcasting media will be used.
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`To verify efficiency, the usefulness, accuracy of informa­
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`tion distribution location, display visibility, ease of un­
`media: The review was made in
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`conformance with the seven layers of OSI to match media.
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`derstanding, etc. will be confirmed. In verifying these,
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`Verification of VICS system:
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`Description of Demonstration
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`Total system:
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`Information distribution
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`I Information Source I
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`I
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`• •
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`I Information Source I
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`I
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`I
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`Experimental VICS
`Center System
`I
`Optical Beacon
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`FM Multiplex Radio Beacon
`Center System
`Center System Center System
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`I
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`I
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`Broadcasting I Beacons I
`Station
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`I
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`--�
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`I
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`Beacons
`I
`I
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`I
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`I
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`• • •• • •
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`�
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`FIG. 3 Vehicle and On-board Equipment Outline of the Experimental System
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`kbps, and 288 bits are transmitted as one packet. A single
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`Layers 5 to 7 of each media are currently reviewed in VICS
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`roughly with that of an FM radio service zone coincides
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`Promotion Council.
`station.
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`( 1)FM multiplex broadcast ( wide-range information distri­
`bution)
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`(2)Radio beacon (intermittent micro-zone information dis­
`tribution)
`Data communications are made by utilizing the subchannel
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`The beacon reviewed concretely up to now is a comm uni-
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`of FM multiplex broadcast. The transmission rate is 16
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`cations media using radio waves in the 2.5 GHz band. The
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`In the public demonstration to be conducted on November 9
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`transmission rate is 64 kbps, and one data frame consists
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`and IO of 1993, invited passengers will participate in a demon­
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`of 128 bytes. The service range is set at approximately 70
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`stration run, and their opinions will be gathered. A symposium
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`meters along the road where the beacon is installed.
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`will be held at this time to stage VICS education and �nlight­
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`enment activities through an in-vehicle equipment exhibition
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`(3)Optical beacon (intermittent micro-zone information dis­
`and lectures.
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`tribution)
`The optical beacon is a communications media that uti­
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`Demonstration area: The demonstration will be conducted
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`lizes a near-infrared ray LED with a transmission rate of
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`within a 20 square km area in central Tokyo. Three courses has
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`been selected for test runs of 30 -40 minutes.
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`1 Mbps and service range of about 3.5 meters, enabling a
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`data transmission volume of IO Kbytes. This is nearly
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`identical to the radio beacon.
`Demonstration scale: Fifty-five members ofVICS Promotion
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`Council will participate in this demonstration, and about forty­
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`In-vehicle equipment: As a rule, in-vehicle equipment speci­
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`five experimental cars, ordinary cars and trucks will be used.
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`fications must be reviewed by each company, but the three
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`basic forms of display have been decided.
`Approximately 300 million yen
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`Estimated costs and budget:
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`• Type 1: In addition to the navigation system with map
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`has been estimated in the establishment of the VICS experi­
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`database, realtime traffic information can be displayed
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`mental center and the sub-system center for FM multiplex
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`broadcasts and their operations. The costs will be borne by the
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`and dynamic route guidance given.
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`• Type 2: Simplified route graphics and realtime traffic
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`fifty-five participants who have the intentions to participate in
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`the demonstration. Other costs such as manufacture and
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`information can be displayed.
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`installation of the in-vehicle units and beacons are not included
`text.
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`in the above 300 million yen and they will be borne by the in­
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`vehicle equipment manufacturing companies and government
`Demonstration duration: As a result of the review up to now,
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`authorities.
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`the demonstration has been scheduled as shown in Fig. 4. The
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`total demonstration duration will be 6 months from June to
`Conclusion
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`November of 1993. During this period, function evaluation of
`To introduce VICS as a social system, a VICS operation body
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`system operability, verification of operational reliability by
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`
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`must be established for building and managing VICS. Ideally,
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`realtime traffic information, and for the final phase, a public
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`beneficiaries should bear a fair burden of the building and
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`demonstration, are scheduled.
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`management costs. However, it is extremely difficult to
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`determine what a "fair charge" is for users. The business form
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`to be pursued is as yet undecided.
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`• Type 3: Realtime traffic information can be displayed in
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`Schedule: June-November 1993 (6 Months)
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`
`: Public Experiment November 9 and 1 O
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`93/4 5
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`6
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`7 8
`9 10 11
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`12
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`Taking advantage of the automobiles' good freedom and free
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`movability, and allowing each driver to freely select routes in
`Concl-
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`a natural way, VICS will contribute to traffic safety and
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`smoothness. This will lead to more-effective utilization of
`road assets.
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`Preparation
`Experiment
`
`Through the VICS public demonstration scheduled for this
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`
`
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`*: Public Demonstration
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`
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`autumn, the understanding of the people of the world is sought
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`to help study and solve the various problems that remain.
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`FIG. 4 Schedule of Experiment
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`Reference
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`(1)VICS Promotion Council, VICS Ground Seminar Report,
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`Tokyo: May 31, 1993
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`IEEE -IEE Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference, Ottawa -VNIS '93
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`n
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