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`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
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`11. “HomeRF: Wireless Networking for the Connected Home”by K.J. Neguset al. was
`published in IEEE Personal Communications, Volume: 7, Issue: 1. IEEE Personal
`Communications, Volume: 7, Issue: 1 was published in February 2000. Copies of
`this publication were madeavailable no later than the last day of the publication
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`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
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`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
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`EXHIBIT A
`EXHIBIT A
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`Journals & Magazines > IEEE Personal Communications > Volume: 7 Issue: 1
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`HomeRF: wireless networking for the connected home
`Publisher: IEEE
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` << Results
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`3 Author(s)
`
`K.J. Negus ; A.P. Stephens ; J. Lansford View All Authors
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`Abstract: The SWAP specification for wireless voice and data networking within the
`home will enable a new class of mobile consumer devices that draw from the power and
`content of t... View more
`
` Metadata
`Abstract:
`The SWAP specification for wireless voice and data networking within the home will
`enable a new class of mobile consumer devices that draw from the power and content
`of the Internet and the home PC. If cable modems and xDSL represent the "last mile"
`access to the home, then HomeRF/sup TM/'s mission with SWAP could be called the
`"very last 150 feet" within and around the home. HomeRF has the broad backing of the
`major corporate stakeholders for networking within the home and is optimized
`specifically for the cost/performance point needed for consumers. The technology
`leverages the existing PC-industry infrastructure around the Internet, TCP/IP, and
`Ethernet, and adds a standard way to connect to the PSTN for voice telephony. First
`products should appear in late 1999, and future versions with enhanced features and/or
`higher data rates should follow in one to two years.
`
`Published in: IEEE Personal Communications ( Volume: 7 , Issue: 1 , Feb 2000 )
`
`Page(s): 20 - 27
`
`INSPEC Accession Number: 6523364
`
`Date of Publication: Feb 2000
`
`DOI: 10.1109/98.824568
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`https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/824568
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`
`
`
`
`Abstract
`The SWAPspecification for wireless yoice and data networking wilhin the heme will enable a new class of mobile consumer devices that draw
`from the powerand content of the Internet and the home PC. If cable modems and xDSL. represent the “last mile” access to the home, then
`HomeRE™’s mission with SWAPcould be callod the “very Jast 150 feet” within and around the home. HomeRl has the broad backing of the
`major corporate stakeholders for networking within the home andis optimized specifically for the cosl/performanee point necded for consumers.
`‘The technology leverages the existing PC-industey infrastructure around the Internet, TCP/IP, and Ethernet, and adds a standard way to connect
`lo the PSTN for voice telephony. First products should appearin late 1999, and future versions with enhancedfeatures and/or higher data rates
`should follow in one to two years,
`
`HomeRF: Wireless Networking for the
`Connected Home
`
`
`
`KEVIN J. NEGUS, PROXIM, INC.
`
`ADRIAN P. STEPHENS, SYMBIONICS, LTD.
`
`Jim LANSFORD, INTEL CORPORATION
`
`
`
`This is proceeding very quickly due to the native support with-
`in SWAPfor ‘TCP/IP networking and Internet access, and for
`voice telephony via the public switched telephone network
`(PSTN), or voice over TP. SWAPachieved support for these
`important nctwork stacks casily by reusing majorsections of
`proven RYprotocols and then simplifying them where appro-
`priate for home usage.
`Today the TomeRIorganization consists of approximately
`100 members representing the bulk of the PC, telecommuni-
`cations, and consumerelectronics industrics. Gencral infor-
`mation on the organization is available at http://www.
`homert.org. The specification describedin this article started
`al Revision 0.1 from a proposal made in late 1997, and was
`approved and published as Revision 1.0 in January 1999, As
`of this writing, the Revision |.2 specification is available,
`which includes methods of bridging between a HomeRF net-
`work and wired networks such as Home Phoncline Network-
`ing Alliance (LlomePNA) and Ethernet.
`
`wo major factors are prescnt-
`
`for data networking within the
`home. The first is the explosive prowth and usage of the Inter-
`net. The Internet clearly has the potential to revolutionize the
`delivery of information and entertainment to the home. ‘The
`secondfactor is the emergence of sub-$1000 powerful home
`PCs. With these low-cost devices the barrier to getting on the
`Internet and discovering the utility of the PC is low cnough to
`reach the vast majority of middle-income households.
`[Towever, consumers soon find that the PC/Internet com-
`bination, although very compelling,
`lacks some key
`attributes in terms of mobility and convenicnec oflocation
`compared with many of their traditional information and
`entertainment options such as newspapers, magazines, TV,
`videos, FM radio, CD/sterco, and so on. The powerful home
`PCs (andthe printers and peripherals attached to them)
`olten end up turned off 20-22 hours a day while tucked into
`a bedroom oc den cornee where access is possible only with-
`ina 2-3 ft “bubble.” The major opportunity far networking
`in the homeis thus to extend the reach of the PCand Inter-
`Vision and Applications
`net throughout the home and yard, and connect the
`resources of the PC and Internet with legacy home applica-
`HomeRIsecs SWAP as one ofseveral connectivity options for
`tions such as telephony, audio entertainment, and home
`the homeofthe future. The relationship of SWAP with other
`control systems. Another opportunity is the sharing of
`connection options is shown in Vig, 1, In this scenario, the main
`resources (such as an Internet gateway or high-quality print-
`home PC is linked somehow to an Internet gateway that might
`cr) among PCs in multi-PC homes,
`be a 56K,digital subscriber line (xDSL), or cable modem. This
`With these issues in mind, several major stakeholders in
`link may be a simpic cable, a wired network connection, or
`even a SWAP network connection. ‘This main home PC would
`the home PC industry farmed the Home RF Working Group
`likely have a vatiely of built-in or peripheral resourees suchas a
`(or “LlomeRP”) in carly 1997, The key goal of the group was
`and remains to cnable intcroperable wireless voice and data
`printer, a scanner, a CD drive, a DVD drive, and so forth. Por
`most home PCs today and looking forward, USB would be the
`networking within the home at consumerprice points. Home-
`RF started by pooling market research from the member
`bus af choice for many peripherals that do not need ta be
`companics to produce a Market Requirements Document.
`mobile or remote fram the home PC. For video applications
`This document guidedthe technical proposals within the
`such as connecting camcorders, IEEL1394 is the expected
`choice, and there are no viable RF alternatives at consumer
`etoup, and with tremendous cooperation from major slake-
`holders in the RE communications industry and the nascent
`price poinis at this time (although VEIR at 16 Mb/s is a reason-
`wircless LAN community, the Shared Wireless Access Proto-
`able “no-cable” choice), HomeRFalso expects that other net-
`col (SWAP) was created. LlomcRE is now in the process of
`working choices will also be viable for sharing resources among
`bringing the SWAPspecification toits final released form.
`multiple PCs, as shownin Fig, 1. These options include conven-
`
`20
`
`1070-9916/00/$10,00 © 2000 TREE
`
`IEER Personal Communications « Pebruary 2000
`
`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
`EXHIBIT 1007 / Page 6 of 13
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`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
`EXHIBIT 1007 / Page 6 of 13
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`I
`
`tiiimil 10/100UascT Mhcrncl, lioinc phniic liiic Ethernet, iiiid
`AC power line nclwnrking. Tlic kist oplioii is p;irliciil:irly well
`suited lor inaiiv lioinc iiiiloiiialinii scciiarins wlicrc vcrv IOW
`h t ; i nilcs ;ire ;icccpL;ihlc.
`..
`'I'lic SWAP iictwvrkine vision is also aiiiiiirciil in I'ic. I. 7'Iic
`I-IomcRI' tcchnology supporls bolh isochroiinus cliciils that arc
`slaves tn tlic iniiiii hniiic F(: arid iiii ;isyiicliruninls iiclwork 01
`pccr dcviccs which is cflcclivcly ii wireless Etlicriicl. 111 m o s l
`ciiscs tlic systciii st;irls with ;I ctrnlrol point, ost~;illy C ~ I I I I I C C ~ C ~
`io the main hoinc I'C via USH. 'l'liis control p i l i t is not abso-
`lutely iicccss;iry tor dcviccs iii the asynchronoiis network of I'ig.
`I, Iiiil cvcii i n tliat case it otlcrs sonic interesting Iinwcr saving
`optinns fur ullra-pvrt;ihlc dcviccs, iis will hc ilcsciilicd i n llic
`mccliiiin iicccss cniitrol (MAC:) ovc~vicw later. The isncliroiiirus
`clients, siicli as cordlcss lclcphoiics, wireless Iic;iilscls, n r
`rcinvtc IiO dcviccs lo the home I'C ( a cnnsLiiiicr pcrsiinal
`infvrmiition iii;iniigcr, I'IM), arc a1w;iys houiid i o the cniitrol
`point, wliich ;issigns l h c m gii;ireiitcccl 1h;indwidth for Iiniiiidcd
`lalcricy conimuiiiciithiii. The asyiicIiri,nous ym" can iilsv ~ ( I I I I -
`muiiicatc to [lie miin home IT iis with any otlicr peer dcvicc.
`Nolc t h l dala transfer mi tlic ;isynclironnus iiclwnrk hclwccii
`any two pccrs i s dircclly tv each oilier ;is ~ippnscd lo rniitcd
`tlimiigh tlic c m t r n l pnint. (~:oiisidcr iinw thrcc imiijnr applica-
`tions lor tlic I l o m c l l l ' technology.
`The firs1 cxamplc i s PC-cnli;inccil cvrdlcss lclcpliony.
`'loday thcrc arc no slaiidards-lianciI digilal cvrcllcss l c l c -
`phones for cniisiiiiicr use in the l i i i i t c d Sttiles whcrc i n l c r q -
`criihilily nf mulliplc vendors i s cn;iblctl. Hoinclll' defines ;I
`new st;iiid;ird fnr iiitcrnpcsablc digital cordlcss lclcphoncs
`h r i l l i in the U n i t c d St;itcs and glohally. I:iirthcrinorc, the
`SWAP spccilication iiicludcs ;I ~ l a i i d a r d iiictliod fvr cnnncct-
`iiig the cordlcss tclcplionc t o the Iinmc I,(: snftwarc iipplicii-
`tinns. Thus, m i n y iiew cn1i;inccd Features arc pvssil>lc. I'nr
`cx;implc, c ~ I I c r 11) infiirm;ition cnuld be sent in ii I'C applic;i-
`tion to lnok tip llic callcr's iiiinic a n c l tlicii rnntc the call 10 iiii
`individual Iiiiiidscl (rather 1li;in iiiiiiilicr) iiiid disp1;iy tlic
`
`Nelwork Iopolugy
`'I'lic SWAI' arcliitccliirc is a iiiiiqiic cniiibiiiiilioii nf ii man-
`aged iiclwnrk th;it prrividcs isneliroiiniis services siicli :IS iiilcr-
`;iclivc voicc, iiiiil ;in ad hoc pccr-to-pccr iictwork Iliiit priwidcs
`traditinnal t l i i l ~ networking. The ~ i ~ o l o c o l
`liiis liccii crplimizcd
`lo prnviilc the hinds 01 scrviccs I I I ~ I S I iiccdcd Iroiii iinlcilicrcd
`dcviccs i n llic home. TI11
`kinds (11 dcviccs c i i i i lie i n a
`SWAP nclworl;:
`point (CY), which ;icts as tlic p;ilcw;iy hclwccn
`A c ~ i i ~ i c c t i ~ i i
`llic 1icrsoii;il cninpiilcr, PSTN, iind SWAI'-ciimpiitihIc
`dcviccs
`* Vnicc dcviccs (isochronous data ilcviccs, alsii callctl 1-
`Ilndcs)
`* Asynchl-onow tliitii dcviccs, iilso ciillcd A-iiirdcs
`'llic cniitriil p r i i i i l i s usu;illy comcclcd t v the imiiiii ionic
`
`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
`EXHIBIT 1007 / Page 7 of 13
`
`

`

`I'C, 1ypic;illy via USU. I1 m;iy also liavc a coniicclion Lo tlic
`PSTN. It is c;iptiblc of pcrforming data transfers to and lroiii
`othcr dala devices using an tisynchronous contention-bascd
`prolocvl. 'l'hc cniitrol point manages llic network to prnvidc
`priority access lo the radii) medium Siir isocliroiious devices.
`Thus, llic SWAP p t n c i i l is ii hyhrid ill scvcral ways; it is
`client-scrvcr hciwccii the coiilrol point iiiid voice devices, but
`peer-tn-pccr hclwecii clala clcviccs. The in1cr;ictivc voice
`ilaiisactioiis arc circuit-switched, limc-divisiiin multiplc iicccss
`('I'IIMA), 11ut Ihc asynchronous t r u i s x t i o n s arc packet-
`cnsc mnltiplc iicccss (CSMA). It is precisely
`1 gives SWAP the capability to bc broadly
`uscd i n tlic hoiiic; it is iiot designed to siippvrt hundrcds oC
`users doing similar ihings in an cnlcrprisc, hot rathcr the vari-
`ety of applicalions tlial occiir i n a rcsidcntial setting. Tlicrc
`arc scvcr;il usxgc sccnnrios thc SWAP prolocel was designcd
`lo supporl: llicsc focus on thc cxc1i;ingc ofvoicc and data by
`portable devices wilhin ilic homc ciivironmcnt. 'Typical uscs
`ihc iiclwork was dcsigncd lo support iiicludc:
`-Three childrcii play inlcraclivc I'C gainca wilh each othcr
`Srom their rooms. l h e y can bilk to cacli olhcr through thcir
`PCS.
`-Mom is in tlic kitchcu listening 10 lies phoiic mcssagcs
`rcmrdcd hy the PC aiiswcriiig inachiiic application.
`-Dad is in lhc g;ir;tgc completing ;in vi1 changc. He ciilers
`llic dala inlo (he car mziintcnancc log hc maintains on his
`1'C into ilic display pad.
`A inontirge of voice upplicutions
`-Mom is using her personal lianclsct io record a m
`tlic kids to lislcii l o when llicy rcl~~rii
`from school.
`-Dad is asking lor slock qiiotcs Srom the Intcri
`ting a vocalized response through a lcxt to sp
`cugiim.
`
`. A /JU,Sylbmi/y
`
`~~~~
`
`~~
`
`~
`
`L V o i c e traffic can also be active
`
`.-
`
`~
`
`-1)ail chccks the icinpcralure in lhc giragc and turns mi a
`sincc hctitcr via vvicc commands.
`-Uncle Ed listens to ii socccr inatcli broadcast via audio
`over tlic Web to his wireless hcadsct on tlic Sront porch.
`* A rnontuge of di,splay op~dicrrtions
`-Mom pills up a rccipc from tlic PC atid adds orcgano to
`the shopping list.
`-IIad updates the family fiiiaiickil portlolio.
`-Junior plays Tctris.
`-Daughter rc;ids llic kitcst iiiiliiic issue ol Teen m;ig;izinc.
`Figure 2 shows 811 cxamplc of a typical SWAP iictwork
`consisling of two A-nodcs, oiic I-node, and a CP. Onc of tlic
`A-nodes is a powcr niaiiagcd display pad whosc communica-
`lions trafSic is m;inagcd hy tlic PC so lhat it c m maximix bat-
`tery life. Allhough iiot shown in this figure, lhe laptop A-nodc
`could ;ilso bc powcr managed. As this figure shows, SWAP
`h a s ii uiiiquc ability among networking protocols to mix
`intciisc, high-detnand picket traffic with inlrequcnt command
`and control traffic ;ind with high-qiiality voice traffic. 'llhc pcr-
`soiial computer is iin integral pari of i h e SWAP systcm,
`although pccr-to-pccr data networking is availahlc even when
`lhc PC is inoperativc.
`Software Architecture for the PC
`SWAP asynchronous dala devices will hc supportcd in
`Microsoft Windows via thc NDIS drivcr library. l h c NDIS
`library pcrIorms many nf tlic funclioiis cominiin to a11 net-
`working device drivers, such as syiichronization, and also pro-
`vidcs a standard intcrIacc for liiglicr-lcvcl applications to
`:icccss. Manidac~urcrs oI network adaptcrs arc oiily rcquircd
`lo produce a miniport drivcr that provides functionality spccif-
`ic to llicir 1i;irdwarc. Miniports nf a givcii incdia type cui bc
`uscd with higlicr-lcvcl iwotocols knowlcdeeahlc iilinut that
`medii type wit11 110 furtKer moclifications,
`as shown in Fig. 3, whcrc the shadcd blocks
`arc provided hy the operating systcm.
`Ilardwarc manufaclurcrs prodiicing A-
`node dcviccs should write a coiiiicctioiilcss
`miniport that dcclarcs itself a memhcr of the
`Ellimnel nmclia type. 'To higher-level proto-
`cols, SWAP A-nodes will bc iiidistingi~ishable
`Crnm regular Elhcrnct adaptcrs, alliwing
`Etlicrnct-kni)wlcdgeal~lc applications to
`immcdiatcly fuiictiim with SWAP devices.
`Hardw;irc manufactiirers producing
`isochronous Ci' clevi
`dcvicc drivcr thal provides ii 'TAl'i intcr-
`f a x . 1'APi is a simple, gciicric s
`objccts, iiitcrfaccs, and methods for
`lishing connections bctwccn devices; TAPI
`commimicalcs with thc CP via a TAPI ser-
`vice provider. TAPI applicatinns will bc
`;hlc to sct up, coiilrol, and take down c;ills
`011 SWAP dcviccs via the TAPI intcrfacc
`(Table I).
`Some dcvicc dcsigncrs may wish io
`sircam voice conversations between the
`SWAP adapter wid anoihcr adapter within
`thc PC in real time. An cxamplc scciiario
`would bc that or a voice convcrszition
`hctwccn the SWAP adapter (i.e., ii user
`will1 a SWAP 1i;indsct commimicating with
`the SWAP tidxptcr) and aiiolhcr adapter in
`the PC (e.g., a modem attachcd to ii phiiiic
`linc or ii sound card a t t d i c d to spcakcrs
`t i n d ii microphiinc). In Windows 2000 u i d
`
`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
`EXHIBIT 1007 / Page 8 of 13
`
`

`

`OR, voice daia can lie strcamcd Iiclwccii adaptcrs
`via tlic DirectSliow slrcaming arcliitccliirc. A
`DirectSIiow Siller graph i s plumbed froiii tlic data
`~ ( i i i r c c (in t h i s casc, tlic S W A P adapter) to tlic
`data sink (thc modcm o r sound card). Thc Media
`Scrvicc Frovidcr (MSF) intcrfacc providcd by
`TAP1 3.0 c n d ~ l c s thc ;ipplicatir,n
`t o control and
`access the Uirccl Show voicc data strcaiii.
`The MAC Overview
`'I'lic S W A P MAC h a s bccri (intiinizcd f o r t h e
`lioinc ciivironniciit ;ind i s ilcsigiicd to carry I w t h
`voice iiiid data irziffic mil intcropcratc with ihc
`PSl'N using t i subscl of tlic I)igit;il Enhanced Cordlcss
`Tclecomtniiiiicatioiis (DECT) stiintlnrtl, ii digital cortllcss iclc-
`plioiic standard iiscd in residcniinl applicnlioiis ihrougli~iut
`Europe. The MAC i s dcsigiied l o r usc with a rrcquciicy-liop-
`ping radio and includes a T D M A service io support ilie dcliv-
`cry (if isiicIiro~ions data (c.g. iiilcractivc voicc), and a CSMA
`w i t h c ~ i l l i s i o n aviiidancc (CSMAICA) scrvicc dcrivcd froin
`wirclcss I A N standards such as Ilil(l(X02.I I and OpcnAir t u
`support the ilclivcry of asynchriinous tliitii. 'The SWAI' M A C
`providcs tlic fulluwing fcatiircs:
`iiid &ita by using both 1'DMA ancl
`CSMAICA iicccss mcckiiiisnis
`
`- Good support for voi
`
`Nul5
`___ .. -. ...
`
`....................
`
`Connectionless miniport driver
`
`..
`
`I
`
`(a)
`
`SWAP CA-aware
`TAP1 3.0 application
`4
`TAP1 3.0
`
`TAP1
`
`+
`
`TAP1 3.0
`MSPI
`
`4
`TAP1 3.0
`TSPl
`
`- 1
`
`-
`
`7
`
`I
`
`7
`
`CP ar w r
`.......................
`
`W Table 1. SWAP drivcr architectra.es~iio,. lrceiif Mionsol) opernlhq ,s).steni.r.
`
`~
`
`- Dnla scciirily
`
`* Support S i x Sbur higli-qiuility voice coiiiicclims with 82 k b l s
`adaplivc iliflcmilitil piilsc ciiclc inoiliil>itiiiii (ADP(:M)
`I ligh dnla iliroughpiil 01 I .6 Mbls
`Noiiclbasiclrohust lcvcls of ciicrypticin
`Powcr iiianagciiicnl lor Iioih isochron~iiis a i d ;~synchr~inous
`I l O d C S
`* 24-hit network Ill
`'l'lic MAC: protoail 11.
`I snpcrrrl.amc a s il1ustr;itcd in Fig.
`ntcntioii-frcc pcriods ((:TI'S) and
`4, which incorpofiitcs tw(
`a contcnti(in pcriud. 'L'lic start (if tlic supcrlr;imc i s tlic point
`;it whicli a stxtioii bcgins t o Iioli t o a iicw cliiinncl and cnds
`iinmcdi;itcly I>cfoIc tlic st;ition s t x t s io hoii io ihc ncxi chan-
`nel. The duration of tlic supcrfwmc i s fixed and is tlic s ~ m e
`as thc dwcll iir hop period. The ~ C C C S S niccliiiiiisni used dur-
`iiig each CFP i s TIIMA, while i h c access inccliiinism iiscd
`during tlic conlcntioii period i s CSMAICA.
`Ilacli CFP i s dividcd into ii numbcr i i S pairs i i C Sixcd-length
`slols, two pcr voice conncciion. Thc firs1 sloi in ciicli pair i s
`uscd io iraiismit voicc data from the Cl' to ii node (downlink),
`and the second i s uscd io iransinii voice data [ruin a nodc io
`ihc CP (uplink). In a miinaged network ii heacori i s twnsmii-
`i c d inimcdiaicly a f c r the Iiop. This I i c a c m i s nsctl tu main-
`t a i n network synchrtrniz;iti~in, c o n t r u l tlic l o m i a t of thc
`supcrfrainc, and inanagc wlicn c;icli iiodc slioukl irwismit and
`rcccivc data.
`Cb'1'2 zit tlic ciid of the supcrSrainc i s uscd lor ilic initial
`lraiisinission of ilic voice tliitii, while C l N at tlic start (if ihc
`supcrfrainc i s uscd lor ilic optional rclr;insinissioii ol any
`data which wiis nut rcccivcd o r iiicorrccily rcccivcd i n the
`previous dwcll. TIic clwcll pcriod i s fixed at 20 nis t(i p r w i d c
`acccptablc lpchrniancc with rcspcci to lalciicy. Tlic Iciigth o f
`i l i c dwcll period also incans ihat each vuicc c1;it;i mcss;igc
`contains 20 i n s (if A U P C M tlatii (h4n hits), cqoivalcnl io ini
`cxtcndcd DECT U-ficld, and 56 h i i s cif cuntrol data, cquiv;i-
`lent t o the DECT A-Sicld plus soiiic additional addrcssiiig
`inforiliation. With a 211 i n s sopcrlreinc llic M A C cim provide
`rour voicc conncciions with a large ciiough CI'P at the star1
`or tlic lrniiic l o enable up to four rctr;insinissi(iiis to I)c
`accomm~idaicd,
`CIT2, iii wliicli iiiiiial iraiisinissioii occurs, i i w l (;FI'l,
`i n
`which rctr;insmission ~CCIISS, arc s c p r a l c d Iiy a Crcqiiciicy
`Iiop, giving frcqucncy iiiid tiiiic clivcrsiiy, wliicli is particularly
`inipurtaiii givcii ilic puicniially noisy cnvironmcni i n wliicli
`the protiicol iipcratcs. At the ciid i i c W P I in lllc supcrfraiiic
`ihcrc i s a S~JZICC rcscrvcd tor ii service s l o t wliicli i s u s c d hy
`voice i ~ i d c s to rcqiicst coiinccii(iiis lr(iin the CI'. Iiacli voice
`data packet transniitlcd hy ii n(idc iiicluilcs i n tlic packcl
`y b x k ;icknowlcilgmcnt of i h c last voice c l a l i i
`ivcd hy tlic iiodc. 'That is, i n ilic uplink p c k c t ,
`ihc voice n(irlc ackiiowlcdgcs llic downliiilk paclkct x i i t by llic
`CP. 'l'liis system zillows the CI' i o clctcIniiiic p r i o r to a hop
`which voice d;it;i transmissions w c i c lost, dctcriiiiiic t h c
`rctraiisinissiniis rcquircd, and advcriisc Lhcsc rctniiisinissimis
`
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`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
`EXHIBIT 1007 / Page 9 of 13
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`

`

`Uplink
`
`Superframe
`-~
`tc
`Retransmission 1
`
`- ._
`
`- +
`d - ~ ---t
`Connection 1
`
`B: Beacon
`Dn: Downlink slot
`Un: Uplink slot
`CFPI: Contains two slots per connection for data that requires retransmission
`CFPZ: Contains two slots per connection, one for downlink data and the other for uplink data
`
`~~
`
`iii the bciicoii at tlic star1 o l tlic next supcr~samc; ciicli voice
`data packcl c u i nnly hc rclrens~nillcd OIICC.
`1.'or tliila traffic ii CSMAICA iicccss mcclianism is iiscd
`during l l i c contenlion pcriud 01 Llic supcrfranic. With this
`schcnic, tlic prolircol pruviilcs clliciciit dala bandwidth cvcii
`witli c111icurrcnl active voice calls imd microwavc ovcii inter-
`Ccrcncc. Pc;ili cl'fcctivc user tliriiughpiits 0 1 n\'cs 1 Mbls arc
`pussililc iiiitlcr liglitly Ioadcd ciinililions in the I .h Mbls 4-fsc-
`qiiciicy shift keying (IX) niodc. Purtlicrmorc. tlaln triinsfcr
`ralcs cif Iiunilrcds 01 kiliihits per sccoiid ciiii i i c c i ~ r cvcn witli
`loour voice ciills active simull;tiicoiisly.
`'llic CSRIIAI(:A mccliiini~iii is similar to ELlicrnct (802.3),
`cnabliiig c;isy intcgration with iiii existing ~ ~ C I ' I I I ' priitiicol
`stack within ii h i i s l plalform; lhc main iliiYcr:lcncc with 17tlicr-
`iici is tlic slirttcd conlcntion iiicclianism m d lhc iiddition of
`MA(:-lcvcl ackniiwlcdgmciil of unicasl packets. Figure 5 illus-
`triitcs how llic imcdiiim is ~ C C C S S C ~ during tlic conlciitiun pcri-
`U d
`proccdiirc is ilcsigiicd lo provide
`lo iill ~nodcs by using ii cirntcnlioo
`window atid hticlioSS emititer, as sliow~i in Fig. 4. Uckirc any
`a picket il sclccts ii b;ick<rll co~mlcs (a IiiimIicr
`node tr"iils
`of conlcnlioii slots) iind lhcii sliirls listening. When the mcdi-
`urn lias liccn clcm lor a 1lI1'S period il dccrcmciits its Iiackiifl
`cnontcr for cacli frcc conlciilion sliit. Wlicn tlic h;ickotf
`ciiuiilcr expires tlic node lransmits tlic message. Wlicncvcr
`tlic mcdiiim is busy Llic couiilduwn is suspcnilcd iiiid only
`rcsumcs wlicn l l i c mcdium lias Iiccii ficc fnr ii I)lPS. This
`hackoll mechanism reduces tlic pro1)ahilily [if cullision, and
`pcrrorming ii Iinckoll bcfusc triiiisnii
`011 >IlSil clIsIIrcs that
`rcsp~niscs from multiplc ~iiidcs rcsponc g lo a bro;idcast mcs-
`sage 011 iiii otherwise idle network do not all collide. If ii
`rcirai~s~iiissio~i is required I m x t s c of ii collisiiiii or tmnsmis-
`
`
`skin f:iilurc, llic size of the collision window is increased from
`an initial viiluc of 8 cxponcntially iip lo a iiiaximiini 64 lo
`;ivoid co:igcstint~.
`If tlicsc is no CP present, the tlala riodcs can crcale an ad
`hoc network in wliicli ciintrol of l l i c nctwiirk is distriliutcd
`liclwccn all llic nodes. Thc primary fuiictioii OS llic licacon is
`tu cnahlc all nodes to synchronize to the hopping pattern OS
`tlic network. 'l'lic licacon transmitted hy the CP is iilso nscd to
`matiagc the network during tlic CPl's. 'l'lic CP hcacoii (CPU)
`can incliiilc ii lis1 of active vuicc c o ~ i i ~ c c t i ~ i i ~
`(and tlicrcforc
`slot assigii~nciits). rctrmsmission slot iissignmcnts lor tlic CUI-
`rent supcrlramc, ciinocction slalus infiirmation. and piiging
`infi~rmation. Tlic CI'IJ ciui also providc pnwcr maiiiigcmcnl
`fnr isochsnnous atid asynchronous nodes tii niiixiinizc llic bat-
`Icry life o E portable dcvi
`T l i c priiccdnrc lor 1
`er m;in;igcmcnl of isochronous
`nwlcs is slraiglitfiirward. In illis p m c c s s , during a11 active
`con~~cctiiiii (c.6.. a voice call) the isocliroiions nodes power
`on, initially only Cor tlic duriilion of tlic CI'H, to rcccivc slot
`assignmciil inforination. They llicn pnwcr down until thcir
`assigned sluts a r c due. When niit i n an active cnnncction
`s t a t e , isoclironous iiodcs n c c d o n l y power-up cvcry N
`dwells, wlicrc N is cliuscn by Llic system clcsigncr according
`lo tlic app1ic;ition hcing snppostcd, zind as a compromisc
`bctwccn power-saving iind speed o l rcsponsc to ti new coii-
`ncctiiin.
`'Ihc CP alsii psnvidcs power m;inagcmciit scrviccs for
`;isyiicIironiins tiodcs. 1:igiirc 6 illustrates l l i c proccss l o r
`sending I x m i d c ~ i s t incssagcs tii piiwcr-sitving asynchronous
`iiodcs (PS-nudcs), wliicli is dcscribcd as lolli~ws. 'Ihc (:P
`m;iintains x ciiuntdown lo the next dwell wlicii PS-nodes
`should wake up, wliicli is hriiadciist i n the C P U . 111 slcp 1,
`PS-node 3 powcrs iip and r
`ivcs llic "dwclls-to-liroadc;Ist"
`
`* Sender selects a slut (backoff counter) and then decrements the counter while the medium is clear.
`* Medium must be frcc for a DlFS period bafnre the backoff counter is decremented.
`
`- This example shows transmission of a packet in slot 5.
`
`-~
`-
`Figure 5. 7he CSMA medium ncces,vpmcerlure.
`
`~
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`24
`
`l W l i Pcrsoni (:i,mmuniciilioi,s * Fchruery 2000
`
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`
`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
`EXHIBIT 1007 / Page 10 of 13
`
`

`

`step 1
`PS-node wakes up to check
`
`'"dwells-to-wakeup" d:;i
`
`(1
`
`,,*
`
`Connection
`point
`
`--__-._-A'
`
`,:""CP
`
`buffers broadcast +,,
`
`Dwells to
`broadcart -C 3
`wdkeup
`
`_
`
`C
`
`~ . . .
`
`2
`
`-
`
`~
`
`Step 2
`
`'~~
`
`L--~---'
`
`stcp 4
`PS-node wakes up
`to receive broadcast
`
`n
`
`,
`',
`,
`,
`,
`
`.
`',
`,
`,
`,
`
`
`" - 1
`
`
`
`
`Power-saving node 3
`receiva node 1 and 2
`
`The m;iximum viiluc ,if Lhc ~lwclls-1ii-hriia~Ic;lst
`
`I ~ ~ .
`I
`I
`I
`~ ~ I
`cnuiilcr i s syslcm-design-clcpcndcnl, ;illowing tlic designer
`10 ~ r i i d c OIL lalciicy, CP buElcr size, ;ind hriradc;isl rcliahility
`against Iiallcry lire. Node I triitisiiiits ii hro;idciisl iii
`which is rcccivcd aiid stcrictl by tlic CI'. Node 2 lriiiisiiiils ;I
`broadcast mcssngc, wliicli i s rcccivcd and slorctl IJY Lhc (:l',
`l'hc IJS-nodc w;ikcs ,111 wlicii its dwell coiiiitcr d c c r c ~ n c ~ i I s
`IO 0 (stcp 4). Thc (:I' tr;insmits tlic lnilfcrcd bioi
`c dwcll (stcp 5). l'hc PS-nodc I
`igcs (stcp 6 ) ;ind Lhcn goes hack t o st