`
`NEWTON’S
`TELECOM
`DICTIONARY
`
`o reproduce this
`
`The Oiiiicial Dictionary of
`Telecommunications & the Internet
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`15in Updated, Expanded and Much
`Improved Edition
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`LG 1017
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`NEWTON'S 'fElECOM DICTlONARY
`
`copyright © 1999 Harry Newton
`email: HarryflNewton@HarryNewton.com
`personal web site: www.harrynewton.com
`
`All rights reserved under international and Pan-American Copyright conventions. including the right to reproduce this
`book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.
`
`Published in the United States by
`Miller Freeman, Inc.
`Tenth floor
`12 West 21 Street
`
`New York, NY 10010
`212—691—8215 Fax 212-691—1191
`143099990345 and 1—800—LIBHARY
`
`ISBN Number 1—57820—031-8
`
`February, 1999
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`~
`
`Fifteenth Expanded and Updated Edition
`Cover Design by Saul Roldan and Regula Hoffman
`Matt Kelsey, Publisher
`Christine Kern, Manager
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`Printed at Command Web, Seoauous, New Jersey
`www.commandWeb.oom
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`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
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`mt lesitde mare micropaymerls freely. While still rhetorical.
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`1'
`Inicrqrwmerts we to apply to sudr services as custom
`Iression-
`
`newsteeds. processing applets and daa meries
`no A transdmer that clanges the air pressure of
`between
`sound waves irio ar eledriml signal that Ian be recorded.
`
`i-percent
`an ified aid/or tansmitted to mother location
`an aver—
`itacom-
`lemme An electrmic circuit. usually on a single
`
`gorithm
`chip. Mrbh perform aittlnaic. logic ard corlrol operaions.
`IIcodes.
`wihtherssstmm of 'ntemd
`.Ttembroprocessoris
`
`* hefabled 'comprleron achip.‘the'brains' behindalldesk—
`gr. MNP
`on the
`no personal computers Typically. ttre microprocessor corr-
`is sup-
`tains real only memory — ROM — (permanently shred
`'ngructions). read and write memory — RAM. and a control
`rtfiver”-
`(header for bIedring down tfre instructions stored in ROM
`
`iIto detailed stars for action by the aitllnetic logic unit —
`ALI] -—which amnlly (miss out Its numerwnl nlmlaions
`flees aka a cloclr cicuitry which connects the chip h an
`exterior quartz crystal whose vibraions coordimte the ship's
`operatims. keeping everyttr'lrg 'n step. And firally.
`the
`imIflouthl section dirmts communintions with devices on
`heouside of he chip. such as the keyboard. the screen aid
`he various disk drives.
`[he Forhne Nhgazine issue of May 6. 1991 conta‘ned a very
`pod explanation of ch‘ps and miaoprocemrs (usually used
`rahrclangmbly). Here is the article. slightly condensed:
`chips today can store and rarieve data. perform a simple
`mattenatinl calculaion. or corroare two numbers or words
`InaIewbIIlronhsofa second And hey cancaryouttens of
`‘
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`ltorsmds of suclr tasksIn the blirlr of an we. Todays ch'ps
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`oorrta'li millions of harsistors. cmacitors. diodes. aid otter
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`elmtlbnic co
`rents. all comwted by metallic tfleais a
`
`Iranian oftlre meter ofahrmar hair. Asinglechip the size
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`III a fingernail an store dozens of pages of text or comb‘ne
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`ireulsthatcan perlonn scores of mks simultaneously.
`flostch'ps fall illo one oftwo categories - memory chips and
`
`tour: chips. Memory drips love the easier job: They merely
`.
`
`, store infonnatim tint will be manipulated by the logic clips.
`are ones wih the smarts. Today's biuest-selhng menory
`ghip (mid-1991)Is the onemegalit dynamic random access
`
`guncry. or DRAM. Emh DRAMIs a slim of silicon emlnd-
`bd with a Imim oft .ooo vat'cal and 1.000 horizorlal alu-
`flirrln wires flat circumscribe one million data cells. The
`dsrsest DMM designed so ta' has 64 million cells
`
`firinlr of those wiesasstreasand those cellsas blocks Each
`
`‘
`flock contains a trmsistor rm can be turned on or off —to
`
`, gouty 1 or 0 — and tlnt can be iderrtilied by its urrirpe
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`harass” in the wire grid. ouch like a house'In a smuhan
`
`“division. Eadr digit. letter. or punctuation mark isrqr
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`by Is or O's stored in eight—cell strings (See ASCI.)
`
`'0 word 'chip' takes In 32 cells in a menory chip. Most
`
`, Rae sokl today lave at has eigtl one-megabit DRAMs.
`ah the job of he logic drips to him those tmsisbrs in he
`
`BEAMS on or 0!. and to retrieve aid nm'pulae tha irlom'a-
`’ {in once is stored The most inputart ard coupler logic
`#315 are micropmcessors lite Intel‘s RIBOGDX. the bmins d
`more powerfulWBMmabh PCs sold today.
`If the
`, Unsure of a memay chip'Is asmtlban srbdivision. he lay-
`. ml of a microprormsor is more like ar entire mdropolian
`.iea, wih d'stind midbuhoods denied to different adivi—
`lies. A typ'n'l nicmprccesor coriains among other things
`e A lilting system that synchronizes the flow of inbnnaion
`infill! from nernoryand tfloumout the rest If the ebb.
`s 1th arfriess diredory hat keeps track of where rhta and
`progm instmctiorrs are stored in the DRAMs.
`
`0 An aritt'metic logic unit with all tfre cieuits needed h)
`enIndI nImbers
`- On-board instnrdions that cortrol the semence of micm—
`pmcessor operations.
`Other logic chips in a connuter tare heir cues from he micro-
`processor millions of tines each second to drawImages on
`the serum. to heed instnntims from a sprearbhaet pramrog
`say. out of the disk drives irllo mAMs. or to dim data b
`a modan or a primer. Pertnps most anazing of all. memory
`and logic ch'ps In moplish all this wih first atrickle of
`eledricity - far less than ittalIes b lim a tlaslrliglt tub.
`Ted Hot at trial invented the microprocessor in 1971. See
`also 1971 in the beg'nn‘ng of this dictiona'y.
`Iluopeoem Control: A cortrol system ha uses
`compiler logic to mom and monitor at air conditioning
`systen. Miamrocessor controls in conInonIy used on
`modem precision air condiioning system b naiIIa'n pre-
`cise control of temperature and humidiy and to monitor tfe
`Inl's operaion.
`W One miliorlh of a second. A microsecond '5
`ten to the mims six (he microsecmd — a millbrlh of a
`second — is the drration ot the light Iran a camera's elec—
`tmnic flash. Light tha short freezes motion. mm a pitched
`ball or a bullet aspea staiomry. See A1T0.NAN(BECOMJ.
`FEMTO and PIC
`limo-Full; The process of continuing Ethemet
`and other IANs with a single workstation per segment. The
`objaztive is to remove corlerlion from Ethane segments.
`IMh eazh segment
`laying acces to a lull 1O Mms of
`Bhernet bandwidth. users can do things involving similirml
`bardwidh. arch as inmirg. video and nIIltimeria.
`Iinoognnhlion Division 0‘ a network inh snnlbr
`segnents. usually will the 'ntmtion d increas'ng aggregate
`bandwidth to devices.
`"would The time between two consecutive lursyfIdle
`flags (60 bits. or 3.125 milliseconds at 19.2 kbps). l is used
`in CDPD only. A cellular ratio term
`Item chded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Part Allen.
`Microsol is (or vm at the time of writing this erition of this
`diaionary) one of the lamest sdtwale conmnies in the
`world. h is the originator of At Work. MICMSOFT AT WORK.
`MS—DOS. Wimbws. Wrndows NT and Vflndows Telephony.
`See AT WORK. MS—DOS. WINDOWS. WINDOWS NT ard
`WItDOWS TELEPHGIY.
`Ilene” It loll A new ardrihctue arnomced by
`Miaosol on .lme 9. 1993 mid then put imo retirement a cou-
`ple of years laer. Many of its Mums and ideas sufared in
`Wndows 95. It consisted d a set of softwe building blodrs
`thawill sit in botfr office nadr'ns ard PC promote. includ'ng
`0 Desktop and network-connected pr'lrtas.
`- Digital monodrrune and color wpiers.
`0 Telerhones md voice messaging systems
`0 Fax nrachines and Pc fax products
`0 Handheld systems.
`0 Hybrid conhinations of the drove.
`Acmrding to‘ Microsoft. the Microsoft At Work architectrre
`focuses on creating digial comectiorrs between nmhines
`(ie. the ores above) to allow Number: to flow freely
`hroughorn the workrlaoe. The Microsoft It Work sohwae
`achitecture corsists of severd tertrnology components tint
`serve as builrfing bkicks to mimic thae connections. Only
`one of the oompomnts. Ibsktqr software. will reside on PCs.
`The rest will be incorporaed imo other types of cff'me detrims
`(the m5 move). malring hese prodmts msier to use. corn—
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