United States Patent (19)
`Miyake
`
`USOO5732334A
`[11] Patent Number:
`45 Date of Patent:
`
`5,732,334
`Mar. 24, 1998
`
`54 RADIO TRANSMITTER AND METHOD OF
`CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION BY RADO
`TRANSMITTER
`75 Inventor: Atsushi Miyake, Tokyo, Japan
`73 Assignee: Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha,
`Tokyo, Japan
`
`21 Appl. No.:759,685
`22 Filed:
`Dec. 6, 1996
`30
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`Jul. 4, 1996
`(JP
`Japan .................................... 8-174554
`(51) Int. Cl. ... H04B 1/04
`52 U.S. C. .......................... 455/126; 455/127; 330/129;
`330/279
`58) Field of Search ..................................... 455/126, 127,
`455/115, 117, 116, 232.1, 234.1, 234, 2.
`236.1, 237.1, 239.1, 240.1-250.1, 251.1;
`330/129, 141, 281, 285, 279; 375/345
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,546,326 10/1985 Van Uffelen et al. .................. 330/279
`
`56
`
`1/1993 Miyake ................................... 330/279
`5,179,353
`5,193,223 3/1993 Walczak et al. .
`5,323,329 6/1994 Keane ..................................... 455/126
`5,656,972
`8/1997 Norimatsu ............................... 330/279
`Primary Examiner-Reinhard J. Eisenzopf
`Assistant Examiner-Doris To
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Rothwell, Figg, Ernst & Kurz
`57
`ABSTRACT
`APC circuitry used for a radio transmitter comprises a
`detector (7) which detects a radio frequency (RF) output
`signal (5) to output a detection signal (8), an integrator (15)
`which integrates the detection signal (8) to output a power
`signal (16) representing the average power level of the RF
`output signal (5), a control unit (18) for calculating an error
`level from the difference between the average power level
`and a reference power level which corresponds to a prede
`termined power of the RF output signal (5), and for multi
`plying the error level by a correction coefficient so as to
`calculate a control signal correction value for correcting the
`value of a control signal (14) and then generate control data
`the digital value of which is corrected according to the
`control signal correction value and a reference control value
`that is predetermined so as to generate the RF output signal
`(5) having the predetermined power.
`
`15 Claims, 17 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(CONTROL
`DATA)
`
`
`
`1. O 1.
`- -
`
`(POWER
`DATA)
`
`18
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 24, 1998
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`Sheet 1 of 17
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`5,732,334
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`Mar. 24, 1998
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 24, 1998
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`Sheet 3 of 17
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`5,732,334
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`FIG. 3
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 24, 1998
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`Sheet 4 of 17
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`5,732,334
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 24, 1998
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`Sheet 5 of 17
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`5,732,334
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`Mar. 24, 1998
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`Sheet 6 of 17
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`5,732,334
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`FIG. 9
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`STAR
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 24, 1998
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`Sheet 7 of 17
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`Mar. 24, 1998
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`IPR2020-00203
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`IPR2020-00203
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 24, 1998
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`Sheet 11 of 17
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`5,732,334
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`Apple v. Maxell
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sheet 12 of 17
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`5,732,334
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`NYQUIST
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`Sheet 13 of 17
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sheet 14 of 17
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`5,732,334
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`IPR2020-00203
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 24, 1998
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`Sheet 15 of 17
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`5,732,334
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`Apple v. Maxell
`IPR2020-00203
`Maxell Ex. No. 2013
`
`Page 16 of 29
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`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 1998
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`Sheet 16 of 17
`
`5,732,334
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`Apple v. Maxell
`IPR2020-00203
`
`Maxell Ex. No. 2013
`
`Page 17 of 29
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`Apple v. Maxell
`IPR2020-00203
`Maxell Ex. No. 2013
`
`Page 17 of 29
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`U.S. Patent
`
`5,732,334
`
`
`
`
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`( LHV HOIH?) I Z * 5)I, H
`
`Apple v. Maxell
`IPR2020-00203
`Maxell Ex. No. 2013
`
`Page 18 of 29
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`

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`5,732,334
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`1.
`RADIO TRANSMITTER AND METHOD OF
`CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION BY RADIO
`TRANSMITTER
`
`2
`voltage 12 corresponding to the desired magnitude of the RF
`output signal output by the radio transmitter, and then
`furnishing a differential signal, and 13 denotes a filter for
`eliminating variations due to noise or the like from the
`differential signal so as to generate a control signal 14 used
`for controlling the gain of the variable gain element 2. As
`previously explained, this conventional APC circuitry is a
`negative feedback circuit, which operates in such a manner
`as to decrease the gain of the variable gain element 2 as the
`average power of the RF output signal 5 is increased, and
`increase the gain of the variable gain element 2 as the
`average power of the RF output signal 5 is decreased.
`Accordingly, the radio transmitter can provide the RF output
`signal 5 with a certain average power.
`It is necessary for the prior art radio transmitter that needs
`such linear amplification to prevent modulated components
`which must be originally included in the RF output signal to
`be transmitted as a radio wave from being suppressed by the
`magnitude control provided by the APC circuitry (that is,
`disappearance of modulation information must be
`prevented). To this end, when generating the control signal
`14, a control unit (not shown in FIG. 2) obtains the
`envelope signal 9 having a value related to the magnitude of
`the modulation signal by calculating a square root of (I+Q)
`from the baseband signals which are the modulation signal,
`i.e., I and Q signals. Furthermore, the variation eliminating
`circuit 10 subtracts the envelope signal 9 from the detection
`signal 8 so as to eliminate variations included in the detec
`tion signal 8 due to the modulation. After that, the radio
`transmitter controls the gain of the variable gain element 2
`by generating the control signal 14 from the differential
`signal having a value related to the difference between the
`detection signal without variations and the reference voltage
`12. Since the prior art APC circuitry of the radio transmitter
`thus eliminates variations included in the detection signal 8
`when generating the control signal 14, it can carry out the
`magnitude control for the RF output signal without any
`influence upon modulated components included in the RF
`output signal.
`The magnitudes of the modulated components included in
`the detection signal 8 can be varied according to the absolute
`magnitude of the RF output signal 5. Therefore, in order for
`the variation eliminating circuit 10 to eliminate variations
`included in the detection signal, it is necessary to obtain the
`agreement between the levels of variations included in the
`detection signal 8 and the envelope signal 9 in advance. The
`level adjusting for the agreement can be carried out, mainly
`through a hardware processing, by correcting the level or
`magnitude of the envelope signal 9 on the basis of the
`magnitude of variations in the RF output signal which is
`estimated according to the magnitude of the RF output
`signal. Alternatively, the APC circuitry can correct the
`magnitude of the detection signal 8.
`Such the prior art radio transmitter having the structure
`mentioned above needs hardware for correcting the level of
`the envelope signal 9 which corresponds to modulated
`varying components included in the detection signal 8 in
`addition to a software processing carried out in the control
`unit, in order to obtain the envelope signal 9 with high
`accuracy. Therefore, a problem is that the structure of the
`radio transmitter is complicated. Furthermore, a main part of
`the APC circuitry to generate the control signal 14 is
`constructed of circuitry in which analog and digital circuits
`such as the variation eliminating circuit 10 for eliminating
`variations included in the detection signal 8, differential
`amplifier 11 for generating the differential signal, and filter
`13 for eliminating a noise are mixed. Thus, another problem
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`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`1. Field of the Invention
`The present invention relates to a radio transmitter pro
`vided with automatic power control (APC) circuitry for
`setting the level or magnitude of a radio frequency (RF)
`output signal to a predetermined value, and a method of
`controlling the magnitude of an RF output signal to be
`furnished by a radio transmitter.
`2. Description of the Prior Art
`Generally, the transmission output power of mobile com
`munication equipment such as a motor-vehicle-mounted
`radio transmitter or a movable radio transmitter can be
`varied due to variations in the system gain or the like caused
`by changes in environmental conditions such as an ambient
`temperature, a change in the voltage of a power supply
`disposed in the radio transmitter, and variations in the
`performance capabilities of components of the transmitter,
`so that the magnitude of the RF output signal can be varied.
`The magnitude of the RF output signal must fall within a
`prescribed range, which is defined by a standard to which a
`communications system including such radio transmitters
`conforms. Therefore, such radio transmitters need to moni
`tor the magnitude of the RF output signal at all times and
`carry out a negative feedback to prevent variations in the RF
`30
`output signal; that is, they need to carry out APC.
`Referring now to FIG. 21, there is illustrated a block
`diagram of a prior art radio transmitter which needs linear
`amplification using for example TL4-shift quadrature phase
`shift keying (QPSK) modulation method. In the figure,
`reference numeral 1 denotes an RF signal modulated accord
`ing to a modulation method such as the TL4-shift QPSK
`modulation method, and 2 denotes a variable gain element
`provided with a gain adjusting terminal, for controlling and
`changing the magnitude of the RF signal 1 in response to a
`control signal applied to the gain adjusting terminal, which
`will be mentioned below. The variable gain element can be
`constructed by for example an AGC amplifier, an attenuator,
`or the like. Furthermore, reference numeral 3 denotes a
`band-pass filter for eliminating unnecessary waves outside
`the transmission band, which are included in the RF signal
`1 from the variable gain element 2,4 denotes a linear power
`amplifier for amplifying the RF signal 1 so as to output an
`RF output signal 5 having a predetermined transmission
`power, 6 denotes a couplerfor extracting a major part of the
`power of the RF output signal 5 and outputting it at its first
`output, and for extracting the remaining minor part of the
`power of the RF output signal 5 and outputting it at its
`second output, 7 denotes a detector for detecting the RF
`output signal furnished via the second output of the coupler
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`6 so as to obtain a detection signal 8 representing the
`magnitude of the RF output signal, and 9 denotes an
`envelope signal obtained from a baseband signal, which is a
`modulation signal, by calculations. In this case, the envelope
`signal represents the magnitude of the modulation signal for
`modulating according to the TL/4-shift QPSK modulation
`method. Furthermore, reference numeral 10 denotes a varia
`tion eliminating circuit for comparing the detection signal 8
`with the envelope signal 9 and for eliminating variations
`included in the detection signal 8 due to the modulation, 11
`denotes a differential amplifier for comparing a signal deliv
`ered by the variation eliminating circuit 10 with a reference
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`Apple v. Maxell
`IPR2020-00203
`Maxell Ex. No. 2013
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`Page 19 of 29
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`3
`is that the hardware of the APC circuitry is complicated and
`therefore the number of components which construct the
`hardware is increased.
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`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`The object of the present invention is to overcome the
`above problems. More precisely, it is an object of the present
`invention to provide a radio transmitter including automatic
`power control (APC) circuitry wherein arithmetic software
`processing and hardware for eliminating variations caused
`by modulation and included in a detection signal obtained
`from a radio frequency (RF) output signal can be reduced,
`and the function of generating a control signal for control
`ling the gain of the APC circuitry can be implemented via
`digital processing by software which results in reduction in
`hardware, thereby reducing the cost of the radio transmitter
`and improving the accuracy of automatic power control.
`In accordance with one aspect of the present invention,
`there is provided a radio transmitter comprising: a transmis
`sion power control unit for controlling again thereof accord
`ing to a control signal applied thereto and for amplifying a
`radio frequency (RF) signal input thereto to generate an RF
`output signal having a predetermined power; a power moni
`toring unit for monitoring the RF output signal so as to
`obtain an average power level of the RF output signal; an
`error calculating unit for calculating an error level from the
`difference between the average power level and a reference
`power level which corresponds to the predetermined power;
`and a control signal generating unit for multiplying the error
`level by a correction coefficient so as to obtain a control
`signal correction value for correcting the value of the control
`signal, and adjusting the value of the control signal to be
`delivered to the transmission power control unit on the basis
`of the control signal correction value and a reference control
`value that is predetermined so as to generate an RF output
`signal having the predetermined power.
`In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
`invention, the transmission power control unit includes a
`variable gain element for adjusting the power of the RF
`signal by means of gain control, and a linear amplifier for
`linearly amplifying the RF signal adjusted by the variable
`gain element to furnish the RF output signal having the
`predetermined power, and wherein the power monitoring
`unit includes a detector for detecting an envelope from the
`RF output signal to furnish a detection signal, and an
`integrator for eliminating variations in the amplitude of the
`detection signal to furnish the average power level of the RF
`output signal. The power monitoring unit can include a
`sample and hold circuit for sampling the detection signal at
`predetermined intervals to furnish the average power level
`of the RF output signal, instead of the integrator.
`Preferably, the variable gain element varies again thereof
`according to the value of the control signal applied thereto.
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the
`present invention, the linear amplifier varies an operating
`point thereof according to the value of the control signal
`applied thereto, and wherein the radio transmitter further
`comprises a switching unit for setting the destination of the
`control signal to the variable gain element in digital mode
`and setting the destination of the control signal to the linear
`amplifier in analog mode. Preferably, the radio transmitter
`further comprises a bias control unit for applying a bias
`voltage to the linear amplifier. Furthermore, the control
`signal generating unit delivers a bias control signal having a
`value related to the value of the bias voltage to the bias
`control unit.
`
`4
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the
`present invention, the error calculating unit includes a power
`data recording unit for recording power data representing a
`current average power level of the RF output signal applied
`thereto so as to use the power data as the reference power
`level in a later calculation of the error level, and the control
`signal generating unit includes a control data recording unit
`for recording data representing a current value of the control
`signal so as to adjust the value of the control signal accord
`ing to the data recorded if necessary in a later generation of
`the control signal.
`In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the
`present invention, the error calculating unit includes a unit
`for correcting the average power level of the RF output
`signal obtained by the powermonitoring unit. Preferably, the
`correcting unit makes a temperature correction to the aver
`age power level in consideration of an ambient temperature,
`and the correcting unit makes a channel correction to the
`average power level in consideration of the frequency of the
`RF output signal, i.e. a channel number used for transmitting
`the RF output signal.
`In accordance with another aspect of the present
`invention, there is provided a method of controlling trans
`mission of a radio transmitter, comprising steps of: gener
`ating a radio frequency (RF) output signal having a prede
`termined power from a radio frequency (RF) signal
`according to the value of a control signal by means of again
`control; monitoring the RF output signal so as to obtain an
`average power level of the RF output signal; calculating an
`error level from the difference between the average power
`level and reference power data which corresponds to the
`predetermined power of the RF output signal; calculating
`error data by multiplying the error level by coefficient data
`so as to correct the value of the control signal; and adjusting
`the value of the control signal on the basis of the error data
`and reference control data that is predetermined so as to
`generate an RF output signal having the predetermined
`power.
`In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
`invention, a table is provided for storing a plurality of data
`sets each including reference power data, coefficient data,
`and reference control data which are predetermined with
`respect to a plurality of parameters defining transmission
`conditions of the radio transmitter. Preferably, the param
`eters include a system mode parameter, a channel band
`parameter, and a transmit power level parameter.
`Further objects and advantages of the present invention
`will be apparent from the following description of the
`preferred embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the
`accompanying drawings.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio transmitter according
`to a first embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control unit according to
`the first embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 3 is a view showing TDMA frame structure in-the
`radio transmitter according to the first embodiment of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 4 is a timing diagram showing the transmission
`operation of the radio transmitter according to the first
`embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 5 is a view showing the waveform of a detection
`signal in the first embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 6 is a view showing the waveform of a power signal
`in the first embodiment of the present invention;
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`Apple v. Maxell
`IPR2020-00203
`Maxell Ex. No. 2013
`
`Page 20 of 29
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`FIG. 7 is a timing diagram showing a relationship
`between A/D conversion timing and control signal update
`timing in the first embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 8 is a view showing the internal structure of a shared
`data memory table in the first embodiment of the present
`invention;
`FIG. 9 is a flow diagram showing the operation of the
`control unit in the radio transmitter according to the first
`embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a control unit in a radio
`transmitter according to a second embodiment of the present
`invention;
`FIG. 11 is a flow diagram showing the operation of the
`control unit in the radio transmitter according to the second
`embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a control unit in a radio
`transmitter according to a third embodiment of the present
`invention;
`FIG. 13 is a flow diagram showing the operation of the
`control unit in the radio transmitter according to the third
`embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a radio transmitter accord
`ing to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 15a is a view showing sample and hold timing for a
`detection signal when all roll-off filtering is carried out in the
`radio transmitter according to the fourth embodiment of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 15b is a view showing sample and hold timing for a
`detection signal when only 50% of roll-off filtering is carried
`out in the radio transmitter according to the fourth embodi
`ment of the present invention;
`FIG. 16 is a view showing sample and hold timing for
`sampling a detection signal at irregular intervals in the
`fourth embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a radio transmitter accord
`ing to a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a radio transmitter accord
`ing to a sixth embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a radio transmitter accord
`ing to a seventh embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a radio transmitter accord
`ing to an eighth embodiment of the present invention; and
`FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a prior artradio transmitter.
`DETALED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`Assume that the radio transmitter according to the present
`invention utilizes time-division multiple-access (TDMA) as
`an access method for use in mobile communications such as
`digital mobile telephones.
`Referring now to FIG. 1, it illustrates a block diagram of
`a radio transmitter according to a first embodiment of the
`present invention. In the figure, reference numerals 1 to 8
`denote the same components as those of the prior art radio
`transmitter shown in FIG. 21. Therefore, the description
`about the same components will be omitted hereinafter.
`Reference numeral 15 denotes an integrator which integrates
`a detection signal 8 so as to eliminate variations in the
`amplitude of the detection signal due to modulation, and 16
`denotes a power signal having a value related to an average
`power level of an RF output signal 5 which is delivered by
`the integrator 15. Furthermore, reference numeral 17
`denotes an analog-to-digital (AWD) converter which converts
`the analog power signal into a digital signal representing
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`power data, 18 denotes a control unit which generates
`control data to control a variable gain element 2 by using the
`power data (i.e., a digitized power signal), 19 denotes a
`digital-to-analog (D/A) converter which converts a digital
`signal representing the control data (i.e., a digitized control
`signal) into an analog signal, and 14 denotes the analog
`signal, i.e., the control signal which is furnished by the D/A
`converter. Reference numeral 100 denotes a transmission
`power control unit which is comprised of the variable gain
`element 2, a band-pass filter 3, a linear power amplifier 4,
`and a coupler 6, and 101 denotes a power monitoring unit
`which is comprised of a detector 7 and the integrator 15.
`Furthermore, reference numeral 20 denotes an interme
`diate frequency (IF) signal which is delivered by an oscil
`lating circuit including for example a voltage-controlled
`oscillator. 21 denotes a modulating unit which modulates the
`IF signal according to for example the T/4-shift quadrature
`phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation method, 22 denotes
`the modulated IF signal which is furnished by the modulat
`ing unit 21, 23 denotes a local oscillating signal which is
`furnished by an oscillating circuit using for example a
`synthesizer system and will be mixed with the modulated IF
`signal so as to obtain a desired transmission frequency, and
`24 denotes a mixer which mixes the local oscillating signal
`23 and the modulated IF signal 22 to generate an RF signal
`1 of the desired transmission frequency.
`Referring now to FIG. 2, it illustrates a block diagram
`showing the functional structure of the control unit 18. The
`control unit is functionally comprised of an error calculating
`unit 181 for generating error data as an error level from the
`power signal 16 and a control signal generating unit 185 for
`generating control data from the error data so as to adjust the
`value of the control signal 14. Reference numeral 1810
`denotes a reference power data memory table in which a
`plurality of reference power data, which are predetermined
`with respect to table parameters that will be mentioned
`below and which corresponds to a reference level defined as
`an initial value of the power of the RF output signal 5, are
`stored, 1811 denotes a subtracter which obtains error data
`defined as the difference between the power which is
`obtained from the power signal 16 by the A/D converter 17
`and the reference power data, 1850 denotes a coefficient data
`memory table in which a plurality of coefficient data which
`are predetermined with respect to the above table parameters
`are stored for converting the error data into correction data
`for correcting reference control data