THE INSIDER'S GUIDE TO AN OPEN SPECIFICATION
`FOR GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
`BRENT A. MILLER • (HATSCHIK BISDIKIAN
`
`.(
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`|PR2020-00202
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`references and index.
`
`Librru")' of Congress Cataloging-Publication Data
`:r..1iller, Brent A.
`Bluetooth
`revealed / Brent A. Miller, Chatschik Bisdikian.
`p. cm .
`Includes bibliographical
`ISBN 0-13-090294-2
`and supplies .
`1. Bluetooth
`technology . 2. Telecommunication-Equipment
`3. Computer Nehvork protocols . I. Bisdikian, Chatschik. II. Title.
`TK5103 .3 .l\155 2000
`004 .6'20 - dc2I
`supervision : Kathleen Iv!. Caren
`Editorial/production
`Acqusition Editor : Mary' Fran?.
`Editorial Assistant: Noreen Regina
`:r..1arketing r..if anager : Bryan Gambrel
`Manufacturing Manager : Iv/aura Zald£var
`Cover Design : Nina Scuderi
`Cover Illustration ; Tom Post
`Cover Design Director : Jeny Votta
`Series Design : Gail Cocker-Bogusz
`
`© 2001 Prentice Hall PTR
`Prentice -Hall , Inc.
`Upper Saddle Ri\rer, NJ 07458
`All rights reserved . No part pf this book ma}' be
`in any form or b)' any mean s, \vithout
`reproduced,
`permis sion in \vriting from the publisher
`
`The publisher offers discounts on this book \vhen ordered in bulk quantities .
`For more information , contact
`Corporate Sales Department, Prentice Hall PTR
`One I ake Street
`Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
`Phone : 800-382-3419; FAX: 201-236-7141
`Email (Internet ): corpsales @prenhall .com
`
`in this book are the trademarks or service marks of their respective
`
`All products or services mentioned
`companies or organizations.
`Printed in the United States of America
`10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
`ISBN 0-13-090294-2
`Prentice -Hall International (UK) Limited, London
`Prentice -Hall of Australia Pty. Limited , Sydney
`Prentice- Hall Canada Inc., Toronto
`Prentice-H .all Hispanoamericana, S.A., Mexico
`Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi
`Prentice-Hall of Japan, Inc., Tokyo
`Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.
`Editora Prentice -Hall do Brasil, Ltda., Rio dejaneiro
`
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`
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`

`

`To Laurje, Benjamjn and Andrew;
`Teresa, Eugene and Theodore:
`and Kjng 1-farald Bluetooth
`
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`

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`Contents
`
`•
`
`Foreword
`xz
`Preface
`• • • xzzz
`Acknowledgements
`Trademark List
`xvi
`
`xv
`
`Part 1
`INTRODUCTION TO BLUETOOTH
`WIRELESS COMMUNICATION 1
`Chapter 1
`What Is Bluetooth? 3
`The Bluetooth Special Interest Group 5
`The Bluetooth Name and History 9
`Reader's Guide to This Book 10
`Chapter 2
`Technology Basics 1 5
`Wired and Wireless Communications 1 5
`Radio Frequency Wireless Communications 1 6
`
`V
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`• VI
`
`(ON TENTS
`
`Infrared Wireless Communication 1 9
`The Bluetooth RF Communications Solution 20
`Chapter 3
`Bluetooth Usage Models 29
`The Cordless Computer 3 0
`The Ultimate Headset 32
`The Three-in-One Phone 3 4
`The Interactive Conference (File Transfer) 3 5
`The Internet Bridge 3 7
`The Speaking Laptop 40
`The Automatic Synchronizer 41
`The Instant Postcard 43
`Ad Hoc Networking 44
`Hidden Computing 44
`Chapter 4
`Introduction to the Bl uetooth Specification 4 7
`Purpose of the Specification 48
`Scope 49
`The Specification's Structure 50
`Relationships 52
`Guide to Understanding the Specification 5 3
`
`Part 2
`THE BLUEToo TH SPECIFICATION EXAMINED 57
`Chapter 5
`The Bluetooth p
`rotocol Stack 59
`Th
`e Proto I
`Th
`co Stack C
`ornponents 5 9
`e Transport P
`rotoc I o Group 61
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`CONTENTS
`
`•• V 11
`
`The Middleware Protocol Group 66
`The Application Group 7 2
`Chapter 6
`The Lower Protocols of the Transport Group 77
`The Bluetooth Radio 79
`The Link Controller and Baseband 83
`The Link Manager and Link Manager Protocol 1 08
`Summary 121
`Chapter 7
`The Upper Protocols of the Transport Group 123
`The L2CAP Layer 125
`The Host Controller Interface {HCI) 140
`Summary 153
`Chapter 8
`The RFCOMM and SOP Middl eware Protocols 155
`The RFCOMM Protocol 1 56
`The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) 1 64
`Chapter 9
`lrDA Interoperability Middleware Protocols 177
`lrDA and Bluetooth Wireless Communication Compared 179
`The lrDA Interoperability Protocols 1 82
`Chapter 10
`Audio and Telephony Control 189
`Audio and Telephony Control Operation 190
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`• VI
`
`CONTENTS
`
`Infrared Wireless Communication 19
`The Bluetooth RF Communications Solution 20
`Chapter 3
`Bluetooth Usage Models 29
`The Cordless Computer 30
`The Ultimate Headset 32
`The Three-in-One Phone 34
`The Interactive Conference (File Transfer} 3 5
`The Internet Bridge 37
`The Speaking Laptop 40
`The Automatic Synchronizer 41
`The Instant Postcard 43
`Ad Hoc Networking 44
`Hidden Computing 44
`Chapter 4
`Introduction to the Bluetooth Specification 4 7
`Purpose of the Specification 48
`Scope 49
`The Specification's Structure 50
`Relationships 52
`Guide to Understanding
`
`the Specification 53
`
`Part 2
`THE BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION EXAMINED 57
`Chapter 5
`The Bluetooth Protocol Stack 59
`The Protocol Stack Components 59
`The Transport Protocol Group 61
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`CONTENTS
`
`•• VI I
`
`The Middleware Protocol Group 66
`The Application Group 7 2
`Chapter 6
`The Lower Protocols of the Transport Group 77
`The Bluetooth Radio 79
`The Link Controller and Baseband 83
`The Linl< Manager and Link Manager Protocol 108
`Summary 121
`Chapter 7
`The Upper Protocols of the Transport Group 123
`The L2 CAP Layer 1 2 5
`The Host Controller Interface (HCI) 140
`Summary 153
`Chapter 8
`The RFCOMM and SDP Middleware Protocols 155
`The RFCOMM Protocol 156
`The Service Discovery Protocol (SOP) 164
`Chapter 9
`lrDA Interoperability Middleware Protocols 177
`lrDA and Bluetooth Wireless Communication Compared 179
`The lrDA Interoperability Protocols 1 82
`Chapter 10
`Audio and Telephony Control 189
`Audio and Telephony Control Operation 1 90
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`. ' . VIII
`
`CONTENTS
`
`Part 3
`THE BLUETOOTH PROFILES EXAMINED 201
`Chapter 11
`The Bluetooth Profiles 203
`The Version 1 .0 Profiles 203
`Chapter 12
`The Generic Profiles 209
`Relationships 21 0
`The Generic Access Profile 211
`The Service Discovery Application Profile 21 7
`Summary 222
`Chapter 13
`The Telephony Profiles 223
`Relationships 224
`The Cordless Telephony Profile 225
`The Intercom Profile 2 31
`The Headset Profile 234
`Chapter 14
`The Serial and Object Exchange Profiles 2 39
`Relationships 2 40
`The Serial Port Profile 240
`The Generic Object Exchange Profile 243
`The Object Push Profile 245
`The File Transfer Profile 2 50
`The Synchronization Profile 2 53
`
`•
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`CONTENTS
`
`• IX
`
`Chapter 15
`The Networking Profiles 2 59
`Relationships 2 60
`The Dial-Up Networking Profile 261
`The LAN Access Profile 265
`OUNP and LAP Compared 271
`The Fax Profile 2 7 3
`
`Part 4
`THE FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY 277
`Chapter 16
`Beyond the Version 1.0 Specification 279
`The SIG Reconstituted 280
`Bluetooth Products 285
`Chapter 17
`Concluding Thoughts 291
`Interoperability 2 91
`Opportunities 292
`Bibliography
`Cited References 2 9 5
`Index 297
`
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`

`Forewor
`
`1
`
`~
`
`M y work with the Bluetooth wireless technology , which began long
`before it became Bluetooth, has been a privilege and an extremely
`rewarding expe1-ience . In 1997, when a few major players in the tele-
`communications and portable computing
`industries engaged in some
`initial discussions, no one could even dream of the unprecedented
`suc-
`cess the program was to enjoy a few years down the road. We all knew
`that there was a great need for a low-power, low-cost, short-range cable
`replacem ent, but from there to tl1e overwhelmingly favorable industr y
`and media response was a quantum leap.
`The Bluetooth SIG managed from the beginning to focus on con-
`sumer requirements rather than just designing the technicall y best possi-
`ble radio. A zero -cost license , good marketing (of course ) and a bit of
`luck with the timing are al\vays useful, too, when you want to establish a
`worldwide de facto standard.
`Prediction s from many independent sow·ces, such as Frost & Sulli-
`van, Cahners In-Stat, Merrill Lynch and man y other research institute s,
`indicate that indeed the Bluetooth wireless technology will become a
`smashing succe ss, with as many as 1.5 billion or more devices being
`equipped with Bluetooth wirele ss technology in the year 2005.
`With tens of tl1ousands of engineers around the world working on
`implementations and perhaps even hundred s of thousand s of other peo-
`ple such as students and professionals becoming interested in this tech-
`nology , it is easy to understand
`the need for the publication you have in
`your hand s.
`
`• XI
`
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`• • XI I
`
`FORE\YJORD
`
`in key rol es to
`Written by people involved fi·om the beginning
`develop
`the Bluetooth specification, you will find the bo ok to b e most
`authoritative. Perhaps eve11 more importantly , it is written in an eas y-to-
`understand way, explaining a lot of the thinking behind
`the de velop -
`ment of many chapters in the specification.
`In short, Blztetooth Revealed: Tlze Insider's Guide to an Open Specifica-
`tion fo1· Global Wireless Co1n11iunications pro vides an imp ortant sour ce of
`easy-to-access info1·111ation about this new and excitin g techn ology .
`I look forward to seeing you in my ''piconet'' soo n !
`
`Anders Edlund
`Marketing Director , Bluetoot h Product Unit
`Ericsson Mobile Communicati
`on
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`Pre ace
`
`T he convergence of computing and communications has been pre-
`dicted for many years. Today's explosion of a myriad of new types of
`per sonal computing and communications devices-notebook computers,
`personal digital assistants, ''smart'' phones, two-way pagers, digital cam-
`eras and so on- has resulted in new ways for people to communicate and
`gain access to data . The advent of this pervasive computing, especially
`via wireless communications, enables these devices to be used in new
`settings: not only can people make voice calls from their automobile
`using a mobile phone, but also they can access the World Wide Web
`from a wireless notebook or handheld computer while at the airport or a
`shopping mall. We are rapidly moving· toward a world where computing
`and communications become ubiquitous - not only at work but also in
`the home, in public places and in personal surroundings.
`Unti l recently, enabling all of these devices to communicate with
`each other has been cumbersome, often involving the use of special
`cables to connect the devices together along with device-specific soft-
`wa1·e that might use proprietary protocols. To exchange
`information
`among all of her personal devices, a person might need to carry as
`many cables as devices and still lack assurance that all the devices could
`interconnect. The inability to share information among devices or the
`difficulty in doing so limits their usefulness.
`The Blztetooth™ technology enables devices to communicate seam-
`lessly without wires. While Bluetooth wireless communication
`is fi1·st
`and foremost a means for cable replacement,
`it also enables many new
`applications-the
`use of a single mobile telephone as a cellular phone,
`
`••• XI 11
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`• XIV
`
`PREFACE
`
`cordless phone or intercom and the use of a notebook computer as a
`speakerphone,
`ju st to name h, 10. The Bluetoo!h Spe cial In ter!s t Group
`(SIG ) ,,,as fo1-111ed in earl;' 1998 by Ericsson :&, Intel .&, IBM ii , Nokia .&
`and Toshiba :& to de,,elop an open specification for globail .1 a\1ailabl e
`short -range
`,vireless racuo frequenc y communi cations. Th e SIG h as
`publi shed a specilication for the Bluetooth radio and base band al o ng
`,,rith a set of communication prot ocols compri sing a sofh\'are stack u sed
`\vith the Bluetooth radio hard\, ;are. The Bluetooth radi o module de sign
`is optimized for ''ef)' lo\,, po\ ver consumpti on, lo\,, cost, small foot print
`and use an) 1\\'here in the \\'Orld. In additi on to the cor e specificat ion
`th e
`SIG has also published Bluetootb profiles that describe ho,,, to use th e
`sofu, ,are protocols such that interoperabili !:)1 among all kind s of de,,ices
`can be ach.ie,·ed, regardle ss of \,'ho manufa ctures these device s. Version
`1.0 of the specification ,vas publi shed in July 1999. Today the Blue to o th
`Special Int erest Group consists of nine promo ter compani es Qoinin g th e
`fi,,e founding companies noted above in the SIG s core group ar e
`3Co m%, Lucen ti, ~1icrosoft :R and Mot orola :&) and
`,,,ell o,1er l 800
`adopt er companie s from around the ,,:orld , repr esentin g a di,·erse set of
`indu stries.
`The specification and profile s continu e to evo lve as th e SIG de" ~el-
`ops ne,, · \\'a)·s to use the Bluetooth technology . The first pr odu cts \vith
`\vireless communication s arriv ed in 2000 led b)' de,rel o p -
`Bluetooth
`men t tools, mobile
`telephone s, auclio head sets, noteb ook comput er s
`hand.held com pu ters and net\vork access points .
`A great deal of intere st, talent and energy ha s mar shal ed around
`thi.s exciting ne\,, technology. Until no\, , most of the infor1r1ation avail -
`able about Bluetooth \vireless communications has been from the SIG s
`official \\'eb site (http:// \VvV\,,.bJueto oth.com ) or from bri ef pr ess arti cle s
`or ne\v sJetter s. This book aims to be at once authoritati ve and access i-
`ble. Beside s discussing ba ckground, history and potential
`futu_re dev e l-
`opments , Bluetooth Revealed: The lnsider)s Guide to an Open Specification for
`Global Wireless Communications delivers pra ctical explanati ons of the
`specification by people
`\\'ho helped to develop it. It is a broad discus -
`sion of the topic, containing
`info1111ation tha t should be of value
`to
`industry practitioner
`s, profe ssional s, students and any other s who are
`intere st is, Blu e-
`in this topi c. No matter what your particular
`interested
`tooth Revealed is intended
`to give you the infor1nation you need
`to
`become a "Bluetooth Insider .''
`
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`PREFACE
`
`XV
`
`ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
`We already knew that developing the Bluetooth technology was a tre-
`mendou s und ertaking , and we now have discovered that writing a book
`is a lot of work. Tl1e fun part is being able to include a short list of people
`who support ed, encouraged or otherwise aided in the developm ent of
`this book or of the Bluetooth technology that makes this book relevant.
`At the risk of omitting those who deserve menti on, both authors
`acknowledge all of the member s of the Blueto oth SIG who worked pas-
`sionately and. tirelessly as a team to mak e the technology possible, espe-
`cially our Air and Software Working Group colleagues who made a
`majo1· difference: Jon Inouye of Intel ; Thoma s Muller , Stephane Bouet
`and Riku Mettala of Nokia; Johanne s Elg, J aap Haart sen and Tobias
`Melin of Ericsson; Dale Farnsworth of Motorola; Shaun Astarabadi of
`1oshiba ; Paul Moran and Ned Plasson of 3Com; and most of all our
`IBM colleague s around the globe who worked to advance the Blue-
`tooth technology, 1nost notabl y our teammates Peter Lee, Mahmoud
`Naghshineh, Nathan Lee, Parviz Kerrnani, Brian Gauch er and Toru
`Aihara and fo1·1T1er IBM colleague Pravin Bhagwat. We are also
`indebted to Bouet , Elg and Aihara -san, along with Gabriel Montenegro
`of Sun Microsyste ms, for their exemplary and valuable technical review
`of the book. We also acknowledg e Mary Franz and her team at Prentice
`Hall PTR, whose suppor t, experti se and respon sivene ss made it possi-
`ble to carry out this proj ect.
`Brent Mille1· thanks Sandeep Sing·hal for his experienced author
`advice ; his co-author Chat schik Bisdikian, who wrote all the hard parts ;
`his wife Laurie and sons Benjamin and And1·ew for thei1· encourage -
`ment and support ; and God who make s this and all things possible.
`Dr. Chat schik Bisdikian thanks co-author Brent for inviting him to
`contribute to this project and patiently rewriting in plain English what
`he wrote; his manager Mahmoud Naghshineh
`for encouraging him
`(rather strongly and per sistently) to get involved with the Bluetooth
`wireless technolo gy from the outset; and last but not least his ,vife Ter-
`esa and sons Eugene and Theodore for their unconditional encourage -
`ment and support through long nights and weekends of working on this
`proj ect.
`
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`

`Trademarlz List
`
`• B1uetoot11 is a trade1nark owned by Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson,
`S\\,eden and licensed to pron1oters and adopters of tl1e BltLetooth Special
`Interest Group.
`• Ericsso11 is the traden1ark or registered n·ade1na1·k of Telefo11aktieb0Iaget
`L~1 Ericsson.
`• Intel is a registered trademark of I11tel Corpo1·atio11.
`• IB~1 is a registered trademark of I11ten1ational Busi11ess Machines Corpo-
`ration in the United States, otl1er countries, or botl1.
`• Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.
`• Toshiba is a registered trademark of Toshiba Corporatio11.
`• 3Com is a registered trademark of 3Co1n Corporation .
`• Lucent and Lucent Teclmologies are registered trademarks of Lucent
`Technologies Incorporated.
`• Microsoft, Windows and Universal Plug and Play are trademarks or regis-
`tered traden1arks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and,or
`other countries.
`• Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola I11corporated.
`• lrDA is a registered trademark of the Infrared Data. Association.
`• Linux is a registered trademark of Li11us Torvalds.
`• Symbian is a trademark of Symbian, Ltd.
`• Jini is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems Incorporated in the
`United States, other countries, or both.
`• Salutation is a registered tradema.rk of the Salutation Co11so1iium, Incor-
`porated.
`• PUMATECH is a trademark or registered trademark of Puma Techn ology.
`Incorporated, also dba PUMATECH, Inc.
`• Extended Systems is a trademark of Extended Systems I11corporated.
`• HomeRF is a trademark of the HomeRF Worki11g Group
`• Hewlett-Packard is a trademark or registered trade1na1·k of I-Iewlett-Pack·
`ard Company in the United States and/or other countries.
`• Philips is a trademark or registered tradema·rk of Koninklijke Pl1ilip5
`Electronics N.V.
`• Sony is a trademark or registered trade1nark o·f Sony Electronics Inc .
`
`• XVI
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`

`TO
`INTRODUCTION
`BLUETOOTH
`IRELESS
`COMMUNICATION
`
`L ... •
`
`, !-~~. his book begi11s with backgTound informa~ion about Blue-
`tooth wireless communication. The technology is described
`at the highest level and its 01·igins and history are explored,
`j •
`.__ __ __. including
`the story of how this technology came
`to be
`named Bluetooth . The Bluetootl1 Special Interest Group is described
`from the authors' own perspective as pa1·ticipaling members . Chapter 1
`contains a reader 's guide fo1· the 1·emainder of the book. In Chapter 2
`the basics of wireless communications are covered, including spread
`spectrum radio frequency co·mn1unications in the 2.4 gigahertz spec-
`trum and infrared com1nunications, both of wl1icl1 influence the Blue-
`tooth
`specification. The
`fundamental
`principles
`of Bluetooth
`communication,
`including maste1· and slave roles, baseband modes and
`communication
`topology are presented. Chapter 3 describes most of
`tl1e well-known t1sage models in which Bluetooth wi1·eless communica -
`tio11 can be employed. In tl1ese usage scenarios the end user's viewpoint
`and derived benefits a1·e emphasized. Finally Chapter 4 provides an
`introduction
`to the Bluetooth core specification and profiles that are
`explored in detail in Parts 2 and 3 of the book, respectively.
`Part 1 is designed to aid readers who are not already familia1· with Blue-
`tooth wireless communication
`in understanding
`the fundamentals o·f the
`technology and how that technology came to be. At the same time,
`readers al1·eady familiar· with Bluetootl1 wireless communication may
`discover new information or pe1·spectives that will further· their under-
`standing of this important new technology.
`
`1
`
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`

`

`Trademarl< List
`
`• BluetootI1 is a traden1ark owned by Telefo11aktiebolaget L M Ericsson,
`S\veden and licensed to pro111oters and adopters of the Bluetooth Special
`Interest Group.
`• Ericsson is t11e trademark or registered trade111ark of TelefonaktieboJaget
`LM Ericsso11.
`• Intel is a registered ti·aden1ark of Intel Corporation.
`• IBM is a registered trademark of I11temational Business Machi11es Corpo-
`ration in the United States, other countries, or both.
`• Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.
`• Toshiba is a registered tradeznark of Toshiba Co1-poratio11.
`• 3Com is a registered trademark of 3Com Corporation.
`• Lucent and Lucent Technologies are registe1·ed trade1narks of Luce11t
`Technologies Incorporated.
`• Microsoft, Wi11dows and Universal Plug and Play are trademarks or regis-
`tered trademark s of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or
`other countries .
`• Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola Incorporated.
`• lrDA is a registered trademark of the Infrared Data Association .
`• Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.
`• Symbian is a trademark of Symbian, Ltd.
`• Jini is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems Incorporated in the
`United States, other countries, or both.
`• Salutation is a registered trademark of the Salutation Consortiu1n, Incor-
`porated.
`• PUMATECH is a trademark or registered trademark of Pu1na Technology,
`Incorporated , also dba PUMATECH, Inc.
`• Extended Systems is a trademark of Extended Syste1ns I11corporated.
`• HomeRF is a trademark of the HomeRF Working Group
`• Hewlett-Packard is a trademark or registered trademark of Hewlett-Pack-
`ard Company in the Unjted States and/or other countries.
`• Philips is a trademark or registered trademark of Koninklijke Philips
`Electronics N. V.
`• Sony is a trademark or registered trademark of Sony Electronics Inc .
`
`• XVI
`
`IPR2020-00202
`Apple Inc. EX1057 Page 22
`
`

`

`TO
`INTRODUCTION
`BLUETOOTH
`IRELESS
`COMMUNICATION
`
`'
`
`r
`
`his book begins witl1 backgi·ound inf or rnation about Blue-
`tooth wireless communi cation. Th e technol ogy is described
`;,
`at the high est level and its origins and history are explor ed,
`.......... ___ ____, includin g the story of how this technol ogy came to be
`named BJuetoot h. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group is desc1ibed
`from the authors' own perspective as par ticipating memb ers. Chap ter l
`contain s a reader's guide for the rema ind er of the book. In Ch apter 2
`the basics of wireless communicati ons are cover ed, including sp1·ead
`spectrum radio frequency com mun ications in the 2.4 gigahertz spec-
`trum and infrar ed communi catio11s, both of which influence the Blue-
`tooth
`specification. The
`funda1nental
`prin ciples of Bluetooth
`communi cation, including master and slave roles, baseband mod es and
`communi cation topology are pre sente d. Chapter 3 describes most of
`the well-knowi1 usage models in which Bluetooth wireless communica-
`tion can be empl oyed . In tl1ese usage scenarios the end use1·'s viewpoint
`and derive d benefits are emph asized. Finally Chapte1· 4 provide s an
`i11h·oduction to the Blueto oth core specification and profile s that are
`explored in detail in Pa1·ts 2 and 3 of the book , r·espectively.
`Pa1·t 1 is designed to aid read ers who are not already familiar with Blue-
`tooth wireless communic ation in und e1·standing the fundamental s of the
`technol ogy and l1ow that technology came to be. At the same time ,
`1·eader s ah·eady familiar with Bluetooth wi1·eless communication may
`discover new infor·mation 01· perspectives that will furthe1· their under -
`standing of this important new tecl1nology.
`
`1
`
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`

`|PR2020-00202
`
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`

`at
`
`Is B uetoot
`
`-U-he term Bluetoothr"' 1 refers to an open specification for a technology
`to enable short-range wirele ss voice and data communications
`any-
`where in the world. This simple and straightforward description of the
`Bluetooth technology 2 includes several points that are key to its under -
`standing:
`Open specification: The Bluetooth Special Inte1·est G1·oup (SIG )
`has produced a specification for Bluetooth wireless communication
`that is publicly available and royalty free. To help foster widespread
`acceptance of the technology, a truly open specification has been a
`fundamental objective of the SIG since its formation.
`Short-range wireless: The1·e are many instances of short-range
`digital communication
`among
`computing
`and communications
`devices; today much of that communication
`takes place over cables.
`These cables connect to a multitude of devices using a wide variety of
`connectors with many combinations of shapes, sizes and number of
`pins; this plethora of cables can become quite burdensome
`to users .
`With Bluetooth tecl1nology, these devices can communicate without
`wires over a single air-interface, using radio waves to transmit and
`receive data. Bluetooth wireless technology
`is specifically desigr1ed
`for short -range (nominally 10 ft)_eters) communications; one result of
`
`l. Bluetootl1 is a trade mark owned by fel~ronaktiebolaget L M Ericsson, S\veden and licensed to
`promoters and adopters of tl1e Blueto 0 ~ Special Interest Group .
`2. Tlze BL11etootlz Brand Book contains gv-id~li11es for tl1e use of the term Bluetooth. To be consis tent
`witl1 t11ose guidelines , ,ve \vill he11cefort~ 11se the term as an adjective, not as a standalone noun .
`
`3
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`

`4
`
`Chapter
`
`l
`
`WHAT IS BLUETOOTH?
`
`this design is very lo\v powe1· consumptio11, 1naking tl1e technology
`well suited for use with small, portabl e pe1·sonal devices that typically
`a.re powered by batt e1ies.
`Voice and data: T1·aditional lines bet:vveen computing and commu-
`nications environments are continually becoming less distinct. Voice is
`now commonly transmitted and stored in digital fo1·1nats. Voice appli -
`ances such as mobile telephones a1·e also used for data app lications
`such as info11r1ation access or browsing. Through voice recognition ,
`computers can be cont1·olled by voice, and through voice synth esis,
`computers can produce audio output in addition to visual output.
`Some wireless communication
`technologie s ai·e designed to can·y only
`voice while others handle only data traffic. Bluetooth wireless commu -
`nication make s provi sions for both voice and data, and thus .it is an
`ideal technology for unif)ring these worlds by enabling all sorts of
`de,rices to communicat e using either 01· both of these content type s.
`in the world: The
`Anywhere
`telecommunication s indu stry is
`highly regulated in man y part s of the world. Telephon e system s, for
`example, must comply "vith man y gove rnm ental 1·estriction s, and
`telephony standards vary by country. Man y forn1s of wireless com -
`munications are also regulated ; radio frequenc y spectrum usage often
`requires a license with strict tran smission power obligations. How-
`ever, some portions of the available radio frequency spectrum may
`be used without
`license , and Blueto oth wireless comm uni cations
`operate within a chosen
`frequency spectrum
`tl1at is unlicen sed
`throughout
`the world (with certain limitation s and restri ctions tha.t
`are discussed later in the book ). Thu s devices that employ Bluet oot h
`wireless communication can be used unmodified , no mat ter whe1·e a
`person might be.
`
`The Bluetooth short-range wirele ss technology is ideall y suited for
`replacing
`the many cables that are associated with today 's pervasive
`devices. The Bluetooth specification ([BTSIG99] , hereafter referred
`to
`as the specification ) explicitly defines a mean s for wireless transports
`to
`replace serial cables, such as those used with modems, digital cameras
`and personal digital assistants; the technology could also be used to
`replace other cables, such as those associated with computer peripherals
`(including printers, scanners, keyboards, mice and others ). Moreover ,
`wireless connectivity among a plethora of fixed and mobile devices can
`enable many other new and exciting usage scenarios beyond simple
`
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`

`The Bl uetooth Special Interest Group
`
`5
`
`cable replac ement . In this book we exp lore various applications of the
`technology.
`Important characteristics and app lications of Bluetooth wireless
`communications are examined
`in detail in this book. The Bluetooth
`specification is explained in easy-to-understand
`terms with the benefit
`of tl1e authors' experiences gained while parti cipating in its develop-
`ment . If Bluetoot h wireless tecl1nology succeed s in the marketpla ce to
`the extent predicted by many anal ysts, it I1as the potential to change
`people's lives and the way that peopl e think about and inte1·act with
`comp uting and communication devices . Understanding
`this emerging
`techno logy can benefit not only industry professionals but also consum-
`ers who can use and obtain value from it.
`
`The Bluetooth Special Interest Group
`is embodied as
`As described above, Bluetoot h wireless communication
`a technology specification . This specificat ion is a result of the coopera-
`tion of many companies within an organization called the Bluetooth Spe-
`cial Interest Group, or SIG. There is no ''Bluetooth headquarters'' nor is
`there any ''Bluetoo th corpo1·ation '' nor any sort of legally incorporated
`entity. The SIG is governed by lega l agr·eements among the member·
`parties but it is not a company unto
`itself. The SIG should not be con-
`strued as a fo1·mal standard s bod y; rather it is an organizatio11 chartered
`to define and promote the technology.
`In fulfilling this charter the SIG
`is dependent upon the contribu tion s a.nd participation of its member
`companies. Clear·ly a major task of the SIG has been to develop
`the
`specification, but other SIG activities include joint wo1·k with other con-
`sortia and standard s and regulatory bodie s, educational and promo -
`tional events such as dev eloper·s conferences
`and the definition of a
`testing and certification pr ocess.
`Technology and SIG Origins
`Bluetooth wireless technology was conceived by engineers at Swedish
`telecommunications ma11ufacturer Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson
`(hereafter, Ericsson) who realized
`the potential of globa l short-range
`In 1994 Er·icsson had begun a p1·oject t