CERTIFICATION OF TRANSLATION ACCURACY
`
`I, Michael Fletcher, declare:
`
`1. I am well versed in both the Japanese and English languages and have over 13 years of experience
`translating Japanese technical documents into English.
`
`2. The following translation of this Japanese patent document to English is accurate and complete to the best
`of my knowledge.
`
`I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of America that the foregoing is true
`and accurate.
`
`Executed this 31st day of October 2017, at Parowan, UT
`
`Michael Fletcher
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`PCT
`
`
`
`World Intellectual Property Organization
`International Office
`International Application based on Patent Cooperation Treaty
`(11) International Application No.
`A1
`(51) International Patent Classification 6
`H05B 33/00
`
`
`WO96/25020
`(43) International Publication Date
`August 15, 1996
`(81) Designated Countries
` CN, US, European Patent (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES,
`FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE).
`
`Attached Publication
`
`International Search Report
`
`PCT/JP96/00233
`February 5, 1996
`
`(21) International Application No.
`(22) International Application Date
`
`(30) Priority Rights Data
`Application No. 7/41267 February 6, 1995 JP
`Application No. 7/49089 February 14, 1995 JP
`Application No. 7/299111 October 24, 1995 JP
`
`(71) Applicant (all designated countries except the US)
`IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD. [JP/JP]
`3-1-1 Marunoushi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo (JP)
`(72) Inventor; Same
`(75) Inventor/Applicant (Only for US)
`EIDA, Mitsuru [JP/JP]
`MATSUURA, Masahide [JP/JP]
`TOKAILIN, Hiroshi [JP/JP]
`c/o Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. #1280 Kamiizumi Sodegaura
`City, Chiba (JP)
`(74) Agent
`Patent Attorney WATANABE, Kihei et al.
`c/o Diamont Bldg. 8F 1-5 Kanda Sudacho Chiyoda-ku,
`Tokyo (JP)
`(54) Title: MULTI-COLOR LIGHT EMISSION APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF
`
`
`
`
`
`(57) Abstract:
`
`This invention provides a multi-color light emission apparatus wherein a transparant glass substrate (4) is
`disposed between an organic EL device (1) and a fluorescent layer (3) in such a manner as to arrange the
`fluorescent layer (3) with a gap with the organic EL device (1), and the organic EL device (1) is sealed by seal
`means (5) between the transparent glass substrate (4) and a support substrate (2). The invention provides also a
`multi-color light emission apparatus wherein a transparent insulating inorganic oxide layer (12) having a thickness
`of 0.01 to 200 μm is interposed between the fluorescent layer (3) and the organic EL device (1). In this way, light
`emission life and angle-of-field characteristics can be improved.
`
`(57) Abstract:
`(57) Abstract
`
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`The present invention provides a multi-color light emission apparatus wherein a transparent
`glass substrate 4 is disposed between an organic EL element 1 and a fluorescent layer 3 in
`such a manner as to arrange the fluorescent layer 3 with a gap with the organic EL element 1
`and the organic EL element 1 is sealed by sealing means 5 between the transparent glass
`substrate 4 and a support substrate 2.The invention provides also a multi-color light emission
`apparatus wherein a transparent insulating inorganic oxide layer 12 having a thickness of
`0.01 to 200 µm is disposed between the fluorescent layer 3 and the organic EL element 1.
`
`For information purposes only
`Codes used to stipulate PCT member nations on the first page of the pamphlet for international
`publicatoins released based on PCT
`AL
`Albania
`DE
`Germany
`AM
`Armenia
`DK
`Denmark
`AT
`Austria
`EE
`Estonia
`AU
`Australia
`ES
`Spain
`AZ
`Azerbaijan
`FI
`Finland
`BA
`Bosnia and
`FR
`France
`Herzegovina
`Barbados
`Belgium
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`LI
`LC
`LK
`LR
`LS
`LT
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`LU
`LV
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`Liechtenstein
`Saint Lucia
`Sri Lanka
`Liberia
`Lesotho
`Lithuania
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`Luxemburg
`Latvia
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`PL
`PT
`RO
`RU
`SD
`SE
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`SG
`SI
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`Poland
`Portugal
`Romania
`Russia
`Sudan
`Sweden
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`Singapore
`Slovenia
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`Gabon
`The United Kingdom
`of Great Britain and
`Northern Ireland
`Georgia
`Guinea
`Greece
`Hungary
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`Ireland
`Israel
`Iceland
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`Italy
`Japan
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`BB
`BE
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`GA
`GB
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`BF
`BG
`BJ
`BR
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`BY
`CA
`CF
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`CG
`CH
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`CI
`CM
`CN
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`CU
`CZ
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`Burkina Faso
`Bulgaria
`Benin
`Brazil
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`Belarus
`Canada
`Central African
`Republic
`Congo
`Switzerland
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`Cote d’lvoire
`Cameroon
`China
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`Cuba
`Czech Republic
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`GE
`GN
`GR
`HU
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`IE
`IL
`IS
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`IT
`JP
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`KE
`KG
`KP
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`KR
`KZ
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`MC Monaco
`MD
`Republic of Moldova
`MG Madagascar
`MK
`North Macedonia
`(former Yugoslavia)
`ML Mali
`MN Mongolia
`MR Mauritania
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`MW Malawi
`MX Mexico
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`SK
`SN
`SZ
`TD
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`TG
`TJ
`TM
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`TR
`TT
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`UA
`UG
`US
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`UZ
`VN
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`Slovakia
`Senegal
`Swaziland
`Chad
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`Togo
`Tajikistan
`Turkmenistan
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`Turkey
`Trinidad and
`Tobago
`Ukraine
`Uganda
`United States of
`America
`Uzbekistan
`Vietnam
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`Kenya
`Kyrgyzstan
`Democratic People’s
`Republic of Korea
`South Korea
`Kazakhstan
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`NE
`NL
`NO
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`NZ
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`Niger
`Netherlands
`Norway
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`New Zealand
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`SPECIFICATION
`Multi-color light emission apparatus and a method for producing thereof.
`
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`This invention relates to a multi-color light emission apparatus and a method for producing
`thereof. More specifically, this invention relates to a multi-color light emission apparatus
`suitable for use in multi-color or full-color thin-type displays and a method for producing the
`multi-color light emission apparatus.
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`BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY
`An electroluminescence element (hereinafter called "EL element") is characterized in
`exhibiting high visibility due to self-emission and in having excellent impact resistance
`because of being completely solid. At present, various EL elements using an inorganic or an
`organic compound as the emitting layer have been proposed and attempts have been made
`to put them to practical use. One of the EL elements that has been put to practical use is
`applied as a multi-color light emission apparatus.
`
`Such a multi-color light emission apparatus includes an apparatus produced by arranging a
`color filter of three primary colors (red, green, and blue) with a white-light emitting inorganic
`EL element and an apparatus produced by patterning inorganic EL elements of three primary
`colors in order to position the EL elements of three primary colors separately on the same
`plane and thereby emit light (Semicond. Sci. Technol. 6 (1991) 305-323). However, there is
`the problem that the light emission efficiency for each color is limited to 33% of the white light
`at most if the white color is decomposed by the color filter of three primary colors. Further,
`elements that can efficiently emit white light have still not been attained at present.
`
`
`On the other hand, a photolithography process is used for patterning EL elements.
`However, it is known that the efficiency and stability of EL elements are greatly reduced in
`this type of wet process.
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`It is common knowledge that of EL elements, organic EL elements are promising as high
`luminance and efficient light emitting devices. In particular, because the light emitting layer is
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`an organic layer, it is highly probable that various color emissions are produced by the
`molecular design of organic compounds. Such an organic EL element is expected to be one
`device which can be used in practice in a multi-color light emission apparatus.
`
`However, these organic EL elements have the drawback that chemical factors such as
`external water vapor, oxygen, organic compound gas, and the like cause deterioration such
`as reduction in luminance accompanied by the occurrence of dark spots and the like and
`these devices are damaged relatively readily from physical (mechanical) factors such as
`heat, impact, or the like since the element structure is composed of a laminate of low
`molecular organic compounds.
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`Therefore, the method for separately disposing each of the organic EL elements, which
`emit light in three primary colors (RGB), on the same plane was difficult to use in a wet
`process or a process including heat treatment such as a photolithography process.
`
`In order to solve such a problem, disclosed is a color EL display apparatus (see Japanese
`Patent Application S65-40888). This apparatus is, as shown in FIG. 8, characterized in that
`an EL emitting layer 1b sandwiched between a lower electrode 1c and a light transmitting
`upper electrode is provided on a substrate 2, the EL light which is output via the light
`transmitting electrode 1a is externally output from a transmitting substrate 8 via a color filter 9
`provided on the transmitting substrate 8 with the color filter 9 facing the transmitting electrode
`1a (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application S64-40888).
`
`This apparatus has, however, the disadvantage that the luminance of the light of each color
`is reduced to one third of the EL light by the color filter. Also, because the EL element faces
`the color filter, the light emission life span of the EL element is invariably reduced by water
`vapor, oxygen, gas from organic monomers, low molecular components, and the like
`generated by the color filter.
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`To solve these problems, recently disclosed is a technique in which a fluorescent layer that
`absorbs light emitted from an organic EL element and emits visible fluorescent light is
`installed in the position (laminated or in parallel) corresponding to the emitting part of an
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`organic EL element (see Japanese Laid-open Patent Application H03-152897). This
`technique ensures that the light of a blue or blue-green color emitted from the organic EL
`element is converted into a fluorescent light which is visible light of a longer wave length. This
`technique is utilized in a multi-color (three primary colors) light emission apparatus in which
`fluorescent layers capable of converting this into a green or red color are separately arranged
`on a flat plane (see Japanese Laid-open Patent Application H05-258860).
`
`The installation of the fluorescent layer has the advantage that multi-color light emission
`which is higher in efficiency than in the case of installing a color filter can be anticipated.
`Specifically, if the fluorescent layer especially for converting into a green color is expected to
`absorb 80% or more of the blue color light emitted from the organic EL device, a variety of
`fluorescent materials capable of emitting fluorescent light at an efficiency of 80% or more are
`known. Therefore, if 80% absorption efficiency and 80% fluorescence efficiency are
`assumed, this calculates to 64% of the organic EL element blue light being converted to long
`wavelength visible light.
`
`A multi-color light emission apparatus can be achieved using an organic EL element and a
`fluorescent layer in the manner described above. Japanese Laid-open Patent Application
`H05-258860 proposes the following structure for the multi-color light emission apparatus.
`
`As shown in FIG. 15, fluorescent layers 3R, 3G absorbing the light emitted from an organic
`EL element 1 and emitting a green color and red color respectively are separately arranged
`on a transparent substrate 11 on the same plane. A polymer and/or cross-linking compound
`of an organic monomer or oligomer and a transparent insulating rigid plane layer (protective
`layer) 7 produced by a sol-gel glass method are laminated by spin casting on the transparent
`substrate 11 including the fluorescent layers 3R, 3G. A transparent electrode 1a of the
`organic EL element 1 is arranged on the planar layer 7.
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`Disclosed as other structures are a structure in which the transparent and insulating flat
`rigid elements is simply arranged on the surface of the fluorescent layer instead of being
`laminated on the fluorescent layer by spin casting and a structure in which the fluorescent
`layer is affixed to the back surface of the hard element exhibiting the functions of a flat plane
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`layer instead of affixing the fluorescent layer to the surface of the substrate. However, it is
`noted that the structure shown in FIG. 15 is preferable.
`
`The structure shown in FIG. 15, however, has the problem that the light emission life span
`of the organic EL element is reduced by water vapor, oxygen, gas from monomers and the
`like which are adsorbed onto or included in the organic compound of the flat plane layer in a
`slight amount causing the emission to be non-uniform, because the transparent electrode of
`the organic EL element is only arranged on the same planar layer composed of the polymer
`and/or cross-linking compound of an organic monomer or oligomer.
`
`Also, high temperature treatment at 400 °C or higher is generally required for the
`production of the planar layer in the sol-gel glass technique. This causes the deterioration of
`the organic fluorescent layer. If the sol-gel glass flat plane is produced by heat treatment (up
`to the maximum temperature of around 250 °C) which does not cause the fluorescent
`member to deteriorate, there is the problem that the light emission life span of the organic EL
`element is greatly reduced for the same reason as above because water or organic
`compounds remain.
`
`Also, clear description about hard elements of other configurations is not necessarily
`sufficient. On the other hand, disclosed is a method in which a glass plate with a color filter
`formed by printing is disposed on the back surface of a glass substrate of an inorganic EL
`element (see Japanese Laid-open Patent Application S57-119494).
`
`However, a reduction in the emission efficiency caused by the color filter is easily
`anticipated in this method. Also, since the inorganic EL element is produced independently of
`the color filter, camber and distortion of the substrate occur so that the EL element cannot be
`manufactured in a stable manner, if, for example, the thickness of the substrate of the organic
`EL element is not increased (around 700 µm or more). However, as a result of the increase in
`the thickness of the substrate, the gap between the color filter and the EL element widens,
`whereby emitted light of a color other than the desired emitted colors leaks to dramatically
`narrow the angle of view when multi-color light is emitted.
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`This invention has been achieved in view of this situation and an objective thereof is to
`provide a multi-color light emission apparatus using an organic EL element having superior
`light emission life span and excellent angle of view characteristics as well as a method for
`manufacturing the multi-color light emission apparatus in a stable and efficient manner.
`
`DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
`The objective described above can be attained in a first invention by the provision of a
`multi-color light emission apparatus comprising a support substrate, an organic
`electroluminescence (EL) device disposed on the support substrate, and a fluorescent layer
`disposed corresponding to a transparent electrode or electrode of the organic EL element to
`absorb the light emitted from the organic EL element and to emit visible fluorescent light,
`wherein a transparent inorganic oxide substrate on which a fluorescent layer is placed is
`disposed between the organic EL element and the fluorescent layer in such a manner as to
`provide a gap between the fluorescent layer and the organic EL element, and the organic EL
`element is sealed by sealing means between the transparent inorganic oxide substrate and
`the support substrate.
`
`In preferred embodiments, a multi-color light emission apparatus is provided as fluorescent
`layers that are separately arranged on a transparent inorganic oxide substrate on the same
`plane;
`In addition, a multi-color light emission apparatus is further provided with a protective layer
`on the fluorescent layers and/or a transparent substrate on the fluorescent layer;
`In preferred embodiments, a multi-color light emission apparatus is provided where the
`plate thickness of the transparent inorganic oxide substrate is in a range of from 1 to 200 µm.
`In addition, in more preferable embodiments, the multi-color light emission apparatus is
`provided with an inorganic oxide substrate that is a transparent glass plate.
`
`The objective described above can be attained in a second invention by the provision of a
`multi-color light emission apparatus comprising a transparent support substrate, fluorescent
`layers separately arranged on the transparent support substrate on the same plane, and an
`organic electroluminescence (EL) element arranged on or above the fluorescent layers, the
`fluorescent layers being disposed corresponding to a transparent electrode or electrode of
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`the organic EL element so that each of the fluorescent layers absorbs the light emitted from
`the organic EL element and emits different types of visible fluorescent light, wherein a
`transparent and insulating inorganic oxide layer with a thickness of from 0.01 to 200 µm is
`disposed between the fluorescent layer and the organic EL element.
`
`In addition, in preferred embodiments, the multi-color light emission apparatus is provided
`with a transparent protective layer of the fluorescent layers and/or a transparent adhesive
`layer disposed between the fluorescent layer and the transparent and insulating inorganic
`oxide layer;
`In addition, in the preferred embodiments, the multi-color light emission apparatus is
`provided with a transparent and insulating inorganic oxide that is a transparent and insulating
`glass plate.
`
`In addition, in the preferred embodiments, the multi-color light emission apparatus is
`provided with a transparent and insulating inorganic oxide that is one or more compounds
`selected from a group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium oxide; and
`In addition, in the preferred embodiments, the multi-color light emission apparatus is
`provided with a transparent and insulating inorganic oxide layer that is produced by forming a
`film of one or more compounds selected from a group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum
`oxide, and titanium oxide on at least one of the top surface or bottom surface of a transparent
`and insulating glass plate.
`
`Furthermore, the objective described above can be attained in a third invention by the
`provision of a method for manufacturing a multi-color light emission apparatus by separately
`disposing, on a transparent support substrate, fluorescent layers absorbing the light emitted
`from an organic EL element and emitting different visible fluorescent light on the same plane
`and by disposing the organic EL element on or above the fluorescent layer so that a
`transparent electrode or electrode of the organic EL element faces the fluorescent layer,
`comprising:
`(A) a step of separately arranging the fluorescent layers on the transparent support substrate
`on the same plane;
`(B) a step of disposing a transparent protective layer of the fluorescent layers and/or a
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`transparent adhesive layer on the fluorescent layers and on the transparent support substrate
`on which the fluorescent layers are separately disposed;
`(C) a step of bonding a transparent and insulating glass plate with a thickness of from 1 to
`200 µm, in which a transparent electrode is formed or is to be formed, or bonding a member
`produced by forming a film made of one or more compounds selected from a group
`consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium oxide on at least one of the top
`surface or back surface of a transparent and insulating glass plate, to the transparent
`protective layer of the fluorescent layers or to a transparent adhesive layer; and
`(D) a step of laminating an organic compound layer and electrodes of the organic EL element
`in order on the glass plate on which the transparent electrode is formed.
`
`The first to third inventions can provide a multi-color light emission apparatus using an
`organic EL element having superior light emission life span and excellent characteristics for
`the angle of view and a method for manufacturing the multi-color light emission apparatus in
`a stable and efficient manner.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows an embodiment of the multi-
`color light emission apparatus (first invention) of the present invention.
`
`FIG. 2 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows the multi-color light emission
`apparatus (first invention) of the present invention of another embodiment that uses a
`protective layer for the fluorescent layer.
`
`FIG. 3 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows the multi-color light emission
`apparatus (first invention) of the present invention of an example that uses a transparent
`substrate.
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`FIG. 4 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows the multi-color light emission
`apparatus (first invention) of the present invention for another embodiment that uses a
`fluorescent layer separately arranged.
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`FIG. 5 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows the multi-color light emission
`apparatus (first invention) of the present invention with an example using a color filter and a
`black matrix.
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`FIG. 6 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows the multi-color light emission
`apparatus (first invention) of the present invention showing another embodiment that uses a
`fluorescent layer protective layer and a transparent substrate.
`
`FIG. 7 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows a comparative example, relative
`to the first invention, wherein a fluorescent layer is provided on the same side as an organic
`EL element on a transparent glass substrate.
`
`FIG. 8 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows an example of a conventional
`multi-color light emission apparatus.
`
`FIG. 9 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows an embodiment of the multi-
`color light emission apparatus (second invention) of the present invention.
`
`FIG. 10 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows the multi-color light emission
`apparatus (second invention) of the present invention showing another embodiment using a
`transparent adhesive layer.
`
`FIG. 11 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows the multi-color light emission
`apparatus (second invention) of the present invention showing another embodiment using a
`transparent adhesive layer and a transparent protective layer for the fluorescent layer.
`
`FIG. 12 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows the multi-color light emission
`apparatus (second invention) of the present invention for another embodiment that uses a
`transparent protective layer for the fluorescent layer.
`
`FIG. 13 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows the multi-color light emission
`apparatus (second invention) of the present invention showing another embodiment that uses
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` a
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` transparent adhesive, transparent fluorescent layer protective layer, color filter, and a black
`matrix.
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`FIG. 14 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows the multi-color light emission
`apparatus (second invention) of the present invention for another embodiment that uses a
`transparent adhesive layer, a protective layer for the fluorescent layer, and two transparent
`and insulating inorganic oxide layers.
`
`FIG. 15 is a schematic cross section that schematically shows an example of a conventional
`multi-color light emission apparatus.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`
`The multi-color light emission apparatus of the invention and a method for manufacturing
`thereof will now be explained in more detail.
`
`The organic EL multi-color light emission apparatus of the present invention must have a
`
`structure in which the light (especially a blue color or blue-green color) emitted from an
`organic EL element is efficiently absorbed by a fluorescent layer, without light reduction or
`scattering, and in which a fluorescent light emitted from the fluorescent layer is externally
`output without light reduction or scattering.
`
`I. Multi-color Light Emission Apparatus (First invention)
`
`From that described above, the first invention is specifically exemplified by the following
`structures (1)-(3), these structures (1) to (3) are respectively shown in FIGS. 1-3. Note, a
`fluorescent layer should convert the light emitted from an organic EL element into light of a
`wave length longer than that of the light emitted from the organic EL element.
`
`(1) Support substrate 2/organic EL element 1 (electrode 1c/organic compound layer
`1b/transparent electrode 1a)/gap 6/transparent inorganic oxide substrate 4/fluorescent layer 3
`
`(2) Support substrate 2/organic EL element 1 (electrode 1c/organic compound layer
`1b/transparent electrode 1a/gap 6/transparent inorganic oxide substrate 4/fluorescent layer
`
`1
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`3/protective film 7 of the fluorescent layer)
`
`(3) Support substrate 2/organic EL element 1 (electrode 1c/organic compound layer
`1b/transparent electrode 1a/gap 6/transparent inorganic oxide substrate 4/fluorescent layer
`3/transparent substrate 8)
`
` Note, in the apparatus of the present invention, the organic EL element 1 is sealed by a
`sealing means 5 formed by bonding the transparent inorganic oxide substrate 4 to the
`support substrate 2, for example, using an adhesive.
`
`Also, in the structures (1) to (3) described above, as shown in FIG. 4, the fluorescent
`
`layers 3 which emit rays of fluorescent light of different colors are separately arranged on the
`same plane to obtain emitted light of the three primary colors (RGB). In this case, the plate
`thickness of the transparent inorganic oxide substrate 4 is preferably in a range of from 1 µm
`to 200 µm. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a color filter 9a may be arranged on each of the
`fluorescent layers 3 to control the fluorescent colors and thereby to promote the color purity.
`Also, a black matrix 9b may be arranged between the fluorescent layers or color filters to
`prevent light leakage and thereby promote the visibility of multi-color emitted light.
`
`
`Next, the multi-color light emission apparatus of the first invention will be illustrated in more
`detail in terms of each structural element. Note, materials used for these structural elements
`are not limited to the materials described hereinafter which correspond to the lowest
`demands of these elements.
`
`1. Organic EL element
`As the organic EL element of the present invention, it is preferable to use organic EL
`elements that emit light ranging from near ultraviolet light to light of a green color, more
`preferably a blue-green color. The following structures are examples of the organic EL
`element of the present invention to obtain such light emission.
`
`These structures comprise fundamentally an emitting layer composed of an organic
`compound which is sandwiched between two electrodes (transparent electrode (anode) and
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`electrode (cathode) and other layers may be interposed between them as required. Typical
`structures for the organic EL element used in the present invention are as follows:
`
`(1) Transparent electrode (anode)/emitting layer/electrode (cathode)
`(2) Transparent electrode (anode)/positive hole injection layer/emitting layer/electrode
`(cathode)
`(3) Transparent electrode (anode)/emitting layer/electron injection layer/electrode (cathode)
`(4) Transparent electrode (anode)/positive hole injection layer/emitting layer/electron injection
`layer/electrode (cathode) and the like.
`
`(1) Transparent electrode (anode)
`
`As an electrode material, metals, alloys, electro conductive compounds, and mixtures of
`these which have a high work function (more than 4 ev) are preferably used. Given as
`examples of such an electrode material are metals such as Au and electrical conductive
`materials such as CuI, ITO, SnO2, and ZnO. A thin film of one of the materials described
`above is formed by means of vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like to produce the anode.
`Here, in a multi-color light emission apparatus with an organic EL element as a light emission
`layer, an electrode pattern line is formed perpendicular to, for example, the transparent
`electrode (anode) pattern line. When forming a transparent electrode such as a light emission
`layer on an organic layer, use of a photolithography method with wet etching causes dramatic
`deterioration of the organic layer and is not stable. Therefore, the pattern for a transparent
`(anode) is formed via a mask of a prescribed shape during vapor deposition or sputtering of a
`material described above.
`
`
`If the electrode is not formed on a thin film of the organic compound layer for example on a
`glass plate, the pattern of the transparent electrode pattern may be formed using the
`photolithography method.
`
`If the light emitted from the emitting layer is captured from the anode in this manner, the
`transmittance by the anode of the emitted light is preferably higher than 10%. Also, the sheet
`
`resistance of the anode is preferably less than several hundred Ω/口. The thickness of the
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`anode is usually from 10 nm to 1 µm, preferably from 10 nm to 200 nm, although this
`depends on the material used.
`
`(2) Emitting layer
`Primary emitting materials for the organic EL element are organic compounds. As specific
`examples of the organic compounds used for the emitting layer, the following compounds are
`given, depending on the desired color.
`
`First, emitted light of ultraviolet to the violet color region can be prepared using the organic
`compounds represented by the following general formula.
`
`
`
` In this formula X represents the following compound.
`
`
`
`
`
` or
`
`Here, n denotes 2, 3, 4, or 5, and Y represents the following compound.
`
`
`
`In the compounds described above, a phenyl group, phenylene group, and naphthyl group
`may be substituted with one or more alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy
`groups, hydroxyl groups, sulphonyl groups, carbonyl groups, amino groups, dimethylamino
`groups, and diphenylamino groups. Also, these groups may be combined to form a saturated
`five-membered ring or a saturated six-membered ring. Further, it is preferable that the phenyl
`group, phenylene group, and naphthyl group be substituted at a para position so as to be
`easily substituted and to form a smooth deposition film. Specifically the compounds described
`below. Among these compounds, p-quarterphenyl derivatives and p-quinquephenyl
`derivatives are preferable.
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`SAMSUNG Ex. 1005 - 18/84
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