10/9/2019
`
`Understanding MARC Bibliographic: Parts 7 to 10
`
` Library of Congress >> MARC >> Understanding MARC
`MARC 21 Reference Materials
`Part VII: A Summary of Commonly Used MARC 21 Fields
`Part VIII: A List of Other Fields Often Seen in MARC Records
`Part IX: The Leader
`Part X: Field 008 for Books
`
`Part VII:
`A Summary of
`Commonly Used MARC 21 Fields
`
`This is a summary of the MARC 21 tags used most frequently by libraries in
`entering their own bibliographic records. For full listings of all MARC 21 tags,
`indicators, and subfield codes, see MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data.
`
`In the explanations on these pages:
`
`Tags -- The tags (3-digit numbers) are followed by the names of the fields they
`represent. In this summary, and in the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data, if
`a tag can appear more than once in one bibliographic record, it is labeled repeatable
`(R). If it can only be used once, it is labeled non-repeatable (NR). For example, a
`catalog record can have several subjects, so the tags for subject added entries
`(6XX) are labeled repeatable (R).
`
`Indicators -- The use of indicators is explained in fields where they are used.
`Indicators are one-digit numbers. Beginning with the 010 field, in every field --
`following the tag -- are two character positions, one for Indicator 1 and one for
`Indicator 2. The indicators are not actually defined in all fields, however. And it is
`possible that a 2nd indicator will be used, while the 1st indicator remains undefined
`(or vice versa). When an indicator is undefined, the character position will be
`represented by the character # (for blank space).
`
`Subfield codes -- All the data in each field (beginning with the 010 field) is
`divided into subfields, each of which is preceded by a delimiter-subfield code
`combination. The most common subfield codes used with each tag are shown. Each
`subfield code is preceded by the character $, signifying a delimiter. The name of
`the subfield follows the code.
`
`In general, every field MUST have a subfield 'a' ($a). One exception that is often
`seen is in Field 020 (ISBN), when the ISBN information (subfield $a) is
`unavailable but the price (subfield $c) is known. Some subfields are repeatable. In
`this summary, repeatability is noted for only the more common repeatable
`subfields.
`
`Examples: Examples follow the explanation for each field. For clarity, one space
`has been placed between the tag and the first indicator, one space has been placed
`between the second indicator and the first delimiter- subfield code, and one space
`has been inserted between the delimiter-subfield code and the subfield data.
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`010 Library of Congress Control Number -- (LCCN)
`(NR, or Not Repeatable
`
`Indicators undefined.
`Subfield used most often:
`$a -- Library of Congress control number
`
` Example: 010 ## $a ###86000988#
`
`020 International Standard Book Number -- (ISBN)
`(R, or Repeatable)
`
`Indicators undefined.
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- International Standard Book Number
`$c -- Terms of availability (often a price)
`$z -- Cancelled/invalid ISBN (R)
`
` Example: 020 ## $a 0877547637
`
`040 Cataloging source -- (NR)
`
`Indicators undefined.
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Original cataloging agency
`$c -- Transcribing agency
`$d -- Modifying agency (R)
`
` Example: 040 ## $a DLC
` $c DLC
` $d gwhs
`
`100 Main entry -- Personal name -- (primary author)
`(NR; there can be only one main entry)
`
`Indicator 1: Type of personal name entry element
`0 -- Forename
`1 -- Surname (this is the most common form)
`3 -- Family name
`Indicator 2 undefined.
`Indicator 2 became obsolete in 1990. Older records may display 0 or 1
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Personal name
`$b -- Numeration
`$c -- Titles and other words associated with a name (R)
`
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`$q -- Fuller form of name
`$d -- Dates associated with a name (generally, year of birth)
`
` Example: 100 1# $a Gregory, Ruth W.
` $q (Ruth Wilhelme),
` $d 1910-
`
`130 Main entry -- Uniform title -- (NR)
`
`Indicator 1: Nonfiling characters
`0-9 -- Number of nonfiling characters present (for initial articles,
`including spaces)
`Indicator 2 undefined.
`Indicator 2 became obsolete in 1990. (See 100 above.)
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Uniform title
`$p -- Name of part/section of a work (R)
`$l -- Language of a work
`$s -- Version
`$f -- Date of a work
`
` Example: 130 0# $a Bible.
` $p O.T.
` $p Psalms.
`
`240 Uniform title (NR)
`
`Indicator 1: Uniform title printed or displayed
`0 -- Not printed or displayed
`1 -- Printed or displayed (most common)
`Indicator 2: Nonfiling characters
`0-9 -- Number of nonfiling characters present (for initial articles,
`including spaces)
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Uniform title
`$l -- Language of a work
`$f -- Date of a work
`
` Example: 240 10 $a Ile mystérieuse.
` $l English.
` $f 1978
`
`245 Title Statement (NR)
` Indicator 1: Title added entry
`
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`(Should the title be indexed as a title added entry?)
`
`
`0 -- No title added entry
`
`
`
`(indicates a title main entry; i.e. no author is given)
`
`
`1 -- Title added entry
`
`
`(the proper indicator when an author given in 1XX; the most
`
`
`
`common situation)
` Indicator 2: Nonfiling characters
`0-9 -- Number of nonfiling characters present, including spaces; usually
`set at zero, except when the title begins with an article; e.g., for
`The robe, the second indicator would be set to 4. The letters T, h, e,
`and the space following them are then ignored in alphabetizing
`titles. The record will be automatically filed under "r" -- for Robe.
` Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Title proper
`
`
`$h -- Medium (often used for non-book media)
`
`
`$p -- Name of part/section of a work (R)
`
`
`$b -- Reminder of title (subtitles, etc.)
`
`
`$c -- Remainder of title page transcription/Statement of responsibility
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` Example: 245 14 $a The DNA story :
` $b a documentary history of gene
` cloning /
` $c James D. Watson, John Tooze.
`
`246 Varying form of title (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Note/title added entry controller
`1 -- Note, title added entry
`3 -- No note, title added entry
`Indicator 2: Type of title
`# -- No information provided
`0 -- Portion of title
`1 -- Parallel title
`4 -- Cover title
`8 -- Spine title
`Subfield used most often:
`$a -- Title proper
`
` Example: 246 3# $a Four corners power review
`
`250 Edition statement (NR)
`
`Indicators undefined.
`Subfield used most often:
`$a -- Edition statement
`
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`Understanding MARC Bibliographic: Parts 7 to 10
`
` Example: 250 ## $a 6th ed.
`
`260 Publication, distribution, etc. (Imprint) (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Sequence of publishing statements
`# -- No information provided
`Indicator 2: Undefined
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Place of publication, distribution, etc. (R)
`$b -- Name of publisher, distributor, etc. (R)
`$c -- Date of publication, distribution, etc. (R)
`
` Example: 260 ## $a New York :
` $b Chelsea House,
` $c 1986.
`
`300 Physical description (R)
`
`Indicators undefined.
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Extent (number of pages) (R)
`$b -- Other physical details (usually illustration information)
`$c -- Dimensions (cm.) (R)
`$e -- Accompanying material (for example, "teacher's guide" or
`"manual")
`
` Example: 300 ## $a 139 p. :
` $b ill. ;
` $c 24 cm.
`
`440 Series statement / Added entry--Title
`This field was made obsolete in 2008 to simplify the series statement. See
`490 and 830.
`
`490 Series statement (No added entry is traced from field) (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Specifies whether series is traced (whether an 8XX tag is also
`present)
`0 -- Series not traced
`1 -- Series traced (8XX is in record)
`Indicator 2 undefined.
`Subfield used most often:
`$a -- Series statement (R)
`$v -- Volume number (R)
`
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`Understanding MARC Bibliographic: Parts 7 to 10
`
` Example: 490 1# $a Colonial American craftsmen
`
`500 General note (R)
`
`Indicators undefined.
`Subfield used most often:
`$a -- General note (Used when no specialized note field has been
`defined for the information. Examples: Notes regarding the index; the
`source of the title; variations in title; descriptions of the nature, form,
`or scope of the item.)
`
` Example: 500 ## $a Includes index.
`
`504 Bibliography, etc. note (R)
`
`Indicators undefined.
`Subfield used most often:
`$a -- Bibliography, etc. note
`
` Example: 504 ## $a Includes bibliographical
` references.
`
`505 Formatted contents note (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Type of contents note
`0 -- Complete contents
`1 -- Incomplete contents (used with multivolume set when some
`volumes are not yet published)
`2 -- Partial contents
`Indicator 2: Level of content designation
`# -- Basic
`Subfield used most often:
`$a -- Formatted contents note
`
` Example: 505 0# $a Pride and prejudice -- Emma
` -- Northanger Abbey.
`
`520 Summary, etc. note (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Display constant controller
`# -- Summary
`1 -- Review
`
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`2 -- Scope and content
`3 -- Abstract
`Indicator 2 undefined
`Subfields used most often
`$a -- Summary, abstract, or annotation
`$b -- Expansion of summary note
`
` Example: 520 ## $a This basic guide to parliamentary
` procedure tells how to conduct
` and participate in a meeting
` properly.
`
`600 Subject added entry -- Personal name (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Type of personal name entry element
`0 -- Forename
`1 -- Surname (this is the most common form)
`3 -- Family name
`Indicator 2: Subject heading system/thesaurus (identifies the specific list or
`file which was used)
`0 -- Library of Congress Subject Headings
`1 -- LC subject headings for children's literature
`2 -- Medical Subject Headings
`3 -- National Agricultural Library subject authority file
`4 -- Source not specified
`5 -- Canadian Subject Headings
`6 -- Répertoire de vedettes-matière
`7 -- Source specified in subfield $2
`
`(Note regarding Sears subject headings: The MARC 21 format does not provide an
`assigned indicator for Sears subject headings. Therefore, an indicator of 7 is used,
`and the MARC defined code "sears" is placed in subfield $2.)
`
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Personal name (surname and forename)
`$b -- Numeration
`$c -- Titles and other words associated with a name (R)
`$q -- Fuller form of name
`$d -- Dates associated with a name (generally, year of birth)
`$t -- Title of a work
`$v -- Form subdivision (R)
`$x -- General subdivision (R)
`$y -- Chronological subdivision (R)
`$z -- Geographic subdivision (R)
`$2 -- Source of heading or term (used with 2nd indicator of 7)
`
` Example: 600 10 $a Shakespeare, William,
` $d 1564-1616
`
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` $x Comedies
` $x Stage history.
`
` Example: 600 10 $a Shakespeare, William,
` $d 1564-1616
` $x Knowledge
` $z Rome
` $v Congresses.
`
`Notice that subfields $v, $x, and $z in the 600 field are repeatable. Subfields $v, $x,
`$y, and $z do not have to be in alphabetical order. They will be in the order
`prescribed by the instructions given by the subject heading system.
`
`610 Subject added entry -- Corporate name (R)
`
`Indicator 1:Type of corporate name entry element
`0 -- Inverted name (not used with AACR2)
`1 -- Jurisdiction name
`2 -- Name in direct order
`Indicator 2: Subject heading system/thesaurus.
`See indicator 2 under 600
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element
`$b -- Subordinate unit (R)
`$v -- Form subdivision (R)
`$x -- General subdivision (R)
`$y -- Chronological subdivision (R)
`$z -- Geographic subdivision (R)
`$2 -- Source of heading or term (used with 2nd indicator of 7)
`
` Example: 610 10 $a United States.
` $b Army Air Forces
` $v Biography.
`
`650 Subject added entry -- Topical term (Most subject headings fit here.) (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Level of subject
`# -- No information provided
`Indicator 2: Subject heading system/thesaurus
`(identifies the specific list or file which was used)
`0 -- Library of Congress Subject Headings
`1 -- LC subject headings for children's literature
`2 -- Medical Subject Headings
`3 -- National Agricultural Library subject authority file
`4 -- Source not specified
`5 -- Canadian Subject Headings
`
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`6 -- Répertoire de vedettes-matière
`7 -- Source specified in subfield $2
`
`Note regarding Sears subject headings: The MARC 21 format does not provide an
`assigned indicator for Sears subject headings. Therefore, an indicator of 7 is used,
`and the MARC defined code "sears" is placed in subfield $2.)
`
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Topical term
`$v -- Form subdivision (R)
`$x -- General subdivision (R)
`$y -- Chronological subdivision (R)
`$z -- Geographic subdivision (R)
`$2 -- Source of heading or term used with 2nd indicator of 7)
`
` Example: 650 #0 $a Theater
` $z United States
` $v Biography
` $v Dictionaries.
`
`Notice that subfields $v, $x, and $z in the 650 field are repeatable. Subfields $v, $x,
`$y, and $z do not have to be in alphabetical order. They will be in the order
`prescribed by the instructions given by the subject heading system.
`
`651 Subject added entry -- Geographic name (R)
`
`Indicator 1: undefined.
`Indicator 2: Subject heading system/thesaurus.
`See indicator 2 under 600
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Geographic name
`$v -- Form subdivision (R)
`$x -- General subdivision (R)
`$y -- Chronological subdivision (R)
`$z -- Geographic subdivision (R)
`$2 -- Source of heading or term (used with 2nd indicator of 7)
`
` Example: 651 #0 $a United States
` $x History
` $v Chronology.
`
`Notice that subfields $v, $x, and $z in the 651 field are repeatable. Subfields $v, $x,
`$y, and $z do not have to be in alphabetical order. They will be in the order
`prescribed by the instructions given by the subject heading system.
`
`700 Added entry -- Personal name (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Type of personal name entry element
`
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`0 -- Forename
`1 -- Surname (this is the most common form)
`3 -- Family name
`Indicator 2: Type of added entry
`# -- No information provided (most common; co-authors, editors, etc.)
`2 -- Analytical entry (The values for Indicator 2 changed in 1994 with
`Format Integration, and older records may display additional values.
`An analytical entry involves an author/title of an item contained in a
`work.)
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Personal name
`$b -- Numeration
`$c -- Titles and other words associated with a name (R)
`$q -- Fuller form of name
`$d -- Dates associated with a name (generally, year of birth)
`$e -- Relator term (such as ill.) (R)
`$4 -- Relator code (R)
`
` Example: 700 1# $a Baldridge, Letitia.
`
`710 Added entry -- Corporate name (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Type of corporate name entry element
`0 -- Inverted name (not used with AACR2)
`1 -- Jurisdiction name
`2 -- Name in direct order
`Indicator 2: Type of added entry.
`See Indicator 2 under 700
`# -- No information provided
`2 -- Analytical entry
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element
`$b -- Subordinate unit (R)
`
` Example: 710 2# $a Sunburst Communications (Firm)
`
`740 Added entry -- Uncontrolled related/analytical title (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Nonfiling characters
`0-9 -- Number of nonfiling characters present (for initial articles,
`including spaces)
`Indicator 2:Type of added entry. See Indicator 2 under 700
`# -- No information provided
`2 -- Analytical entry
`(This field was redefined in 1994 with Format Integration. Prior to
`1994, the field was also used for variant titles, such as a different
`wording on a spine title. In records created since Format Integration,
`those variant tiles appear in a 246 field.)
`
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`Subfield used most often:
`$a -- Title
`
` Example: 740 02 $a Uncle Vanya.
`
`800 Series added entry -- Personal name (R)
`
`Indicator 1: Type of personal name entry element
`0 -- Forename
`1 -- Surname
`3 -- Family name
`Indicator 2 undefined.
`Subfields used most often:
`$a -- Personal name
`$b -- Numeration
`$c -- Titles and other words associated with a name (R)
`$q -- Fuller form of name
`$d -- Dates associated with a name (generally, year of birth)
`$t -- Title of a work (the series)
`$v -- Volume number
`
` Example: 800 1# $a Fisher, Leonard Everett.
` $t Colonial American craftsmen.
`
`830 Series added entry -- Uniform title (R)
`
`Indicator 1 undefined.
`Indicator 2: Nonfiling characters
`0-9 -- Number of nonfiling characters present (for initial articles,
`including spaces)
`Subfield used most often:
`$a -- Uniform title
`$v -- Volume number
`
`
` Example: 830 #0 $a Railroads of America (Macmillan)
`
`[ Back to Top of Page ]
`
`Part VIII:
`A List of Other Fields
`Often Seen in MARC Records
`
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`Understanding MARC Bibliographic: Parts 7 to 10
`
`001
`003
`005
`006
`007
`008
`022
`037
`041
`043
`050
`060
`082
`
`Control number
`Control number identifier
`Date and time of latest transaction
`Fixed-length data elements -- additional material characteristics
`Physical description fixed field
`Fixed length data elements (See Part X)
`International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
`Source of acquisition
`Language code
`Geographic area code
`Library of Congress call number
`National Library of Medicine call number
`Dewey Decimal classification number (the one recommended by the
`Library of Congress; locally-assigned call numbers may appear elsewhere)
`Main entry -- Corporate name (less frequent under AACR2 rules)
`Computer file characteristics
`Projected publication date
`(indicates a CIP -- Cataloging in Publication -- record)
`Playing time
`Creation/production credits note
`Citation/references note (review sources)
`Participant or performer note
`Target audience note (first indicator: 0 = reading grade level, 1 = interest
`age level, 2 = interest grade level, 3 = special audience characteristics, 4 =
`motivation interest level)
`Additional physical form available note
`530
`System details note
`538
`Awards note
`586
`Index term -- Occupation
`656
`Added entry -- Uniform title
`730
`Location
`852
`Electronic location and access
`856
`9XX Reserved for local use. (They are used by vendors, systems, or individual
`libraries to exchange additional data)
`
`110
`256
`263
`
`306
`508
`510
`511
`521
`
`[ Back to Top of Page ]
`
`Part IX:
`The Leader
`
`There are 24 positions in the Leader, numbered from 00 to 23. For fuller
`explanation, see the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data.
`
`00-04
`05
`
`Record length (calculated by the computer for each record)
`Record status
`a = increase in encoding level
`c = corrected or revised
`d = deleted
`n = new
`p = increase in encoding from prepublication (previous CIP)
`Type of record
`a = language material
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`c = printed music
`d = manuscript music
`e = cartographic material
`f = manuscript cartographic material
`g = projected medium
`i = nonmusical sound recording
`j = musical sound recording
`k = 2-dimensional nonprojectable graphic
`m = computer file
`o = kit
`p = mixed materials
`r = 3-dimensional artifact or naturally occurring object
`t = manuscript language material
`Bibliographic level
`a = monographic component part
`b = serial component part
`c = collection
`d = subunit
`i = integrating resource
`m = monograph/item
`s = serial
`Type of control
`# = no specified type
`a = archival
`Character coding scheme
`# = MARC-8
`a = UCS/Unicode
`Indicator count (always "2")
`Subfield code count (always "2")
`Base address of data (calculated by the computer for each record)
`Encoding level
`# = full level
`1 = full level, material not examined
`2 = less-than-full level, material not examined
`3 = abbreviated level
`4 = core level
`5 = partial (preliminary) level
`7 = minimal level
`8 = prepublication level (CIP)
`u = unknown
`z = not applicable
`Descriptive cataloging form
`# = non-ISBD
`a = AACR2
`i = ISBD
`u = unknown
`Multipart resource record level
`# = Not specified or not applicable
`a = Set
`b = Part with independent title
`c = Part with dependent title
`Length of the length-of-field portion (always "4")
`Length of the starting-character-position portion (always "5")
`Length of the implementation-defined portion (always "0")
`
`07
`
`08
`
`09
`
`10
`11
`12-16
`17
`
`18
`
`19
`
`
`20
`21
`22
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`23
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`Understanding MARC Bibliographic: Parts 7 to 10
`Undefined (always "0")
`
`[ Back to Top of Page ]
`
`Part X:
`Field 008 for Books
`
`Field 008 is used for Fixed Length Data Elements ("Fixed Field Codes"). There are
`40 character positions in field 008, numbered from 00-39. Undefined positions
`must contain either a blank (#) or a fill character ( | ). Positions 00-17 and 35-39 are
`defined the same way for all media.
`
`The information shown here for positions 18-34 applies only to books. For
`explanation of all the positions below and for positions 18-34 for other media, see
`the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data.
`
`Note that field 008 has no indicators or subfield codes.
`
`06
`
`00-05 Date entered on file (YYMMDD),
`where Y=year, M=month, and D=day
`Type of date/publication status:
`b = no dates given; B.C. date involved
`e = detailed date
`s = single known date/probable date
`m = multiple dates
`r = reprint/reissue date (Date 1) and original date (Date 2)
`n = dates unknown
`q = questionable date
`t = publication date and copyright date
`| = no attempt to code
`07-10 Date 1/beginning date of publication
`11-14
`Date 2/ending date of publication
`
`Date fields contain the year(s) of publication. The type of date(s) in these elements
`are specified in fixed field element 06: Type of date/publication status. (For further
`details, see the field 008 description in the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic
`Data.)
`
`15-17
`
`Place of publication, production, or execution
`For example:
`pk# = Pakistan
`cau = California (US)
`
`(For a full list of codes used in these positions, see the MARC Code List for
`Countries.)
`
`18-21
`
`Illustrations (up to 4 codes):
`# = no illustrations
`a = illustrations
`b = maps
`c = portraits
`d = charts
`
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`Understanding MARC Bibliographic: Parts 7 to 10
`
`23
`
`22
`
`e = plans
`f = plates
`g = music
`h = facsimiles
`i = coats of arms
`j = genealogical tables
`k = forms
`l = samples
`m = phonodisc, phonowire, etc.
`o = photographs
`p = illuminations
`| = no attempt to code
`Target audience:
`# = unknown or not specified
`a = preschool
`b = primary
`c = pre-adolescent
`d = adolescent
`e = adult
`f = specialized
`g = general
`j = juvenile
`| = no attempt to code
`Form of item:
`# = none of the following
`a = microfilm
`b = microfiche
`c = microopaque
`d = large print
`f = braille
`r = regular print reproduction
`s = electronic
`| = no attempt to code
`24-27 Nature of contents (up to 4):
`# = no specified nature of contents
`a = abstracts/summaries
`b = bibliographies (is one or contains one)
`c = catalogs
`d = dictionaries
`e = encyclopedias
`f = handbooks
`g = legal articles
`i = indexes
`j = patent document
`k = discographies
`l = legislation
`m = theses
`n = surveys of literature
`o = reviews
`p = programmed texts
`q = filmographies
`r = directories
`s = statistics
`t = technical reports
`
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`28
`
`29
`
`30
`
`31
`
`32
`
`33
`
`34
`
`Understanding MARC Bibliographic: Parts 7 to 10
`u = standards/specifications
`v = legal cases and notes
`w = law reports and digests
`z = treaties
`| = no attempt to code
`Government publication:
`# = not a government publication
`i = international intergovernmental
`f = federal/national
`a = autonomous or semi-autonomous component
`s = state, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
`m = multistate
`c = multilocal
`l = local
`z = other type of government publication
`o = government publication -- level undetermined
`u = unknown if item is government publication
`| = no attempt to code
`Conference publication:
`0 = not a conference publication
`1 = conference publication
`| = no attempt to code
`Festschrift:
`0 = not a festschrift
`1 = festschrift
`| = no attempt to code
`Index:
`0 = no index
`1 = index present
`| = no attempt to code
`Undefined (since 1990) (Earlier records may contain the values 0 or 1)
`# = Undefined
`| = no attempt to code
`Literary form:
`0 = not fiction (not further specified)
`1 = fiction (not further specified)
`c = comic strips
`d = dramas
`e = essays
`f = novels
`h = humor, satires, etc.
`i = letters
`j = short stories
`m = mixed forms
`p = poetry
`s = speeches
`u = unknown
`| = no attempt to code
`Biography:
`# = no biographical material
`a = autobiography
`b = individual biography
`c = collective biography
`d = contains biographical information
`
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`35-37
`
`Understanding MARC Bibliographic: Parts 7 to 10
`| = no attempt to code
`Language:
`A three-letter code. For example: eng fre ger spa rus ita
`
`(For a full list of codes used in these positions, see the MARC Code List for
`Languages.)
`
`38
`
`39
`
`Modified record:
`# = not modified
`x = missing characters (because of characters unavailable in MARC
`character set)
`s = shortened
`d = "dashed-on" information omitted
`r = completely romanized/printed cards in script
`o = completely romanized/printed cards romanized
`| = no attempt to code
`Cataloging source:
`# = national bibliographic agency
`c = cooperative cataloging program
`d = other sources
`u = unknown
`| = no attempt to code
`
`[ Back to Top of Page ]
`
`[ Back to Table of Contents ] -- [ Continue to Part 11 ]
`
`
`
` Library of Congress
`Library of Congress Help Desk ( 10/27/2009 )
`
`https://www.loc.gov/marc/umb/um07to10.html
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