I
`/
`\1
`
`IN TIIE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION COVER SHEET
`This is a request for filing a PROVISIONAL APPLICATION under 37 CFR l.53(b)(2).
`
`~ 6!605-8730
`
`Type(+)
`inside box [ + ]
`
`LAST NAME
`
`tsremer
`
`uorcton
`
`INVENTOR(S)/APPLICANT(S)
`FIRSTNAME
`MI
`
`RESIDENCE
`(City and Either State or Foreign County)
`c1earwater, .r1onaa .,., 10'+, u.~.A.
`
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION (280 Characters)
`Embedded Modulations
`CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
`
`Scott Horstemew
`THOMAS, KAYDEN, HORSTEME R & RISLEY, L.L.P.
`100 Galleria Parkway
`Suite 1500
`Atlan~ Geor~a 30339
`(7 0) 933-9500
`
`ENCLOSED APPLICATION PARTS (check all that apply)
`[x] Specification Number of Pages [5]
`[ ] Small Entity
`[x] Drawings
`Number of Sheets [l]
`[ ] Other (specify):
`
`METHOD OF PAYMENT (check one)
`[ x] The Commissioner is authorized to charge
`Paradyne Corporation's Deposit Account
`No.16-0255
`[ x] The Commissioner is authorized to charge any
`additional fees and credit over payment to Deposit
`Account No. 16-0255
`
`PROVISIONAL
`FILING FEE
`AMOUNT($)
`
`$150.00
`
`The invention was made by an agency of the United States Government or under a contract with an agency of the United States Government.
`
`[x] No.
`[] Yes, the name of the U.S. Government agency and the Government contract number are:
`
`_ /p /2 ,--__,,.-//"~
`Respectfully submitted,
`SIGNATURE: V~~ /' .,,,,,,,.-..-1fa' ~ -
`TYPE or PRINTED NAME: Daniel R. McClure
`
`-
`
`[ J Additional inventors are being named on separately numbered sheets attached hereto.
`
`DATE: Yee S:: /???
`REGISTRATION NO.: ~3=-..c8=9-=-6=-2 __ _
`
`forms.hor\prm.isio.ncw
`
`Apple Exhibit 1114
`Apple Inc. v. Rembrandt Wireless
`IPR2020-00034
`Page 00001
`
`

`

`1
`
`Abstract:
`Wrrte here a concise description of the mvention. Attempt to identify unique aspects. Convey essential details. Do not defer to any attachment.
`
`A new method is introduced that permits concurrent use of different types of modems ... with drastically different
`levels of complexity and cost (10: 1) ... in a simultaneous multiple access communication system (such as that
`provided to date by Pinnacle). With this method, two or more premise modem types ... each with its own
`price/performance point ... can communicate to a single central telco point. Such capability is important to achieve
`the ability to offer both moderately-priced equipment/service such as Internet access and extremely low-cost
`equipment/service such as electrical power monitoring/control. Embedded modulation permits a secondary
`modulation to replace the usual primary modulation user data segment normally located after the primary training
`sequence and the primary trailing sequence. This is done in such a way that a master multipoint modem can
`seamlessly communicate with both primary and secondary type tributary modems without data session disruption.
`
`I
`
`IPR2020-00034 Page 00002
`
`

`

`Background, Present State-of-the-Art and Similar Designs:
`Bnefly descnbe the present state-of-the-art of the technology field to which the inventwn applzes. List and describe similar or related designs o
`H h1ch you are awa,e. Do not defer to any attachmenL It is NOT necessary for the inventor(s) to do patent searches to answer this question.
`
`In data communications to date, a given data transmitter/receiver (modem) always successfully communicates only
`with a modem that is compatible at the modulation or physical layer. This is true whether the data network
`architecture is point-to-point, multipoint, broadcast, star or other. For example, in (point-to-point) dial modems both
`communicating modems must operate, for example, in the V.34 mode or in the V.22 mode. As another example, in
`a multipoint architecture all modems must operate, for example, in V.27bis mode. Although the modem equipments
`may contain several selectable modulations, a single common operating modulation must be negotiated at the
`beginning of an attempted data session and any necessity to change modulation requires data disruption and a new
`negotiation session.
`
`In a point-to-point communications architecture, if a modem attempts to establish a communication session with an
`incompatible modem, one or both of the modems will typically attempt several times to communicate and then cease
`further attempts. Communication on the link is impossible. The solution demands replacing at least one of the
`modems so that both have a common operating modulation.
`
`In a multipomt architecture, wherein a single "central site" (master) modem communicates to two or more
`"tributary" (trib) modems, the master communicates to all tribs with a single modulation method. If one or more of
`the tribs 1s not compatible, the master can not communicate with that trib. Moreover, repeated attempts by the
`master to communicate with that incompatible trib will disturb communication to any compatible tribs due to wasted
`communication attempt time. It is seen that no attempt is made in the prior art to mix incompatible trib modulations
`in a multipoint architecture.
`
`In the prior art, modems attempting to negotiate communication eventually seek to find a common modulation
`method (for example, after call establishment and network device disabling signaling in dial modems). If a common
`modulation method is found, the modems will then exchange sequences of signals that are particular subsets of all
`signals that can be communicated in the common modulation method. These sequences are commonly referred to as
`·'training signals" and may be used to (1) confirm the common modulation method is available, (2) establish
`received signal level compensation, (3) establish time recovery and perhaps carrier recovery, (4) permit channel
`equalization and perhaps echo-cancellation, (5) exchange parameters needed to optimize performance and select
`certain optional features and (6) confirm successful achievement of all above prior to user data communication. In a
`multipoint architecture, the training also may include (7) the address of the communicating trib. Furthermore, at the
`end of a data session the modems may exchange other signals ("trailing signals") for the purpose of reliably
`stoppmg the session and confirming that it has been stopped. This 1s crucial for multipoint where failure to detect
`end of a session will delay or disrupt the next session .
`
`In Pinnacle, the trammg signal
`.Kote that not all aspects of the training and trailing signals need be included.
`consists of a Start-of-Frame (SOF) Symbol followed by SOF information encoded into modulation. The trailing
`signal consists of end-of-frame (EOF) information followed by an EOF symbol.
`
`Continuing with the prior art, successful multipoint communication involves the following:
`
`1. Establishing a single common modulation method between all modems, both master and all tribs,
`2. Communicating training sequences of the common modulation between the master and one trib followed
`by:
`3. Communicating data by the common modulation between the master and one trib,
`4. Communicating trailing sequences of the common modulation between the master and one trib,
`5.
`after ,:vhich 2-3 are repeated between the master and another trib.
`Such multipoint communication signaling is depicted in Figure 1. Here the master transmits first to all tribs and
`that transmission includes information that requests Trib #1, and only Trib #1, to return a transmission. Upon
`successfully receiving the Trib #I transmission, the master transmits to all tribs and that transmission includes
`information that requests Trib #2, and only Trib #2, to return a transmission. (Note that Figure 1 implies a two-wire
`half-duplex multipoint system, but the concept is often replied to four-wire systems as well.)
`
`IPR2020-00034 Page 00003
`
`

`

`Background, Present State-of-the-Art and Similar Designs (CONTINUED):
`
`Failure to successfully complete all above signalings causes the data sessions to fail and a disruptive recovery
`mechanism must ensue that attempts to restart.
`
`In a simultaneous multiple access (SMA) DSL system, such as that provided by Pinnacle and disclosed via various
`Paradyne patent disclosures, a master communicates with one or more tribs over a single wire pair. Communication
`that is, the master controls the initiation of its own transmission {outbound) and allows the
`is polled multipoint:
`transmission of each tnbs (inbound). This polled communication may involve either half-duplex or full-duplex
`outbound and inbound. According to the prior art, all tribs must have a common modulation.
`
`Yet, there is desire for one (moderately-priced) trib to be able to communicate at the highest reliable data rate for
`some applications such as Internet access while another (lowest-cost) trib is communicating at a lower data rate for
`other applications such as power monitoring/control. These communications must occur nearly concurrently without
`disruption to one another. That is, an attempt to control power must be successful at all times, whether or not the
`Internet is being accessed. And such an attempt must not significantly degrade or disrupt the Internet access.
`
`These needs can not be properly met by a single modulation. A high performance modulation, such as QAM, CAP
`or DMT, that is m1tially optimized for high performance and will continue to be improved, will demand state-of-the
`art implementat10n devices that are relatively costly. This is true even if such a high performance modulation is
`"degraded" to operate at its lowest data rate and with its poorest acceptable performance. A low performance
`modulation, such as FSK, PAM or DSB, may implemented in much, much less expensive devices. It is acceptable
`for a master modern to have the cost/performance demanded by the high performance modulation.
`
`As can be seen with reference to Figure 2, if two tribs have different transmit and receive modulations the multipoint
`data session can not reliably operate. Assume the master and trib #1 have modulation type A and trib #2 has
`modulation type B. As the master transmits, this immediately causes disruptive reception in trib #2. Thus trib #2 is
`unaware of any communication attempt by the master and certainly cannot receive any information. This usually
`causes disruption m the overall communications due to the master waiting excessively for a response from Trib #2.
`Note also that any attempt by Trib #2 to unilaterally attempt transmission to the master will similarly disrupt
`communications
`
`3
`
`IPR2020-00034 Page 00004
`
`

`

`Summary Description:
`Describe the mventwn in the general tenns of the technology to which the mvention pertains. If necessary, refer to included or attached diagrams
`and figures. Thcs description should not exceed perhaps JO pages
`
`Embedded modulation permits a secondary modulation to replace the usual primary modulation user data segment
`normally located after the primary training sequence and the primary trailing sequence. This is done in such a way
`that a master multipoint modem can seamlessly communicate with both primary and secondary type tributary
`modems.
`
`In embedded modulations, the Type A and Type B master modem conveys information to Type A & Type B tribs.
`Reference Figure 3.
`
`For communication with Type A tribs, the normal Pinnacle or prior art sequence is followed (refer to Figure 4a). As
`seen below, the Type B tribs (conditioned to ignore Type A signals) ignore Type A communications. For
`communication with Type B tribs, the master (refer to Figure 4b):
`
`3.
`
`1. begins transmission of modulation Type A,
`2. notifies, via the training sequence, tribs Type A of an impending change to Type B (perhaps for a stipulated
`amount of time or bits),
`changes to modulation Type B and conveys user information (perhaps a stipulated amount) and likely a trib
`address,
`reverts to Type A and transmits a trailing sequence at the conclusion of its transmission poll,
`conditions itself to receive either Type A or Type B according to the trib modulation it requested in response to
`the above transmission sequence.
`
`4.
`5.
`
`Type A tribs ignore the above communication to Type B without disruption or passing incorrect user data:
`
`1.
`2.
`
`3.
`4.
`
`correctly receive the master Type A modulation and training sequence and notification of impending Type B,
`condition themselves to ignore type B signals, locking normal receiver algorithms to avoid disruptive signals
`and incorrect data,
`condition themselves to correctly receive only a Type A trailing sequence,
`remain silent and await a Type A modulation addressed to the trib in question.
`
`Type B tribs receive the Type B mformation:
`
`1.
`2.
`3.
`4.
`
`5.
`
`condition themselves to ignore Type A modulations and to receive Type B modulations,
`receive the Type B user information which will usually contams addressing for a particular trib,
`conclude recepcion of Type B (perhaps at the end of a stipulated amount of time),
`if the address requested so, transmit Type B information to the master per the poll request (otherwise remain
`silent),
`revert to ignoring non-type B signals.
`
`Note that the above can be extended to additional types of modulations and can be extended to other multi-modem
`network topologies.
`
`Extensions:
`
`It should be understood that the above description can be improved. As noted above, the concepts can be extended to
`more than two types of modulations and other communication topologies. Also, information can be added to the
`Type A training and trailing sequences that bolster performance or assure better error performance or improve
`reliability. Likewise, information can be added to the Type B data signal to achieve similar benefits. Furthermore,
`the physical layer attributes of Type B can be altered.
`
`IPR2020-00034 Page 00005
`
`

`

`Summary Advancement and Uniqueness:
`Identify here the umque advancement(s) achieved, perhaps by reference to a problem solved. Thrs descnplion should seek ro clearly identify what
`may be claimed as umque in a patent Do not defer to any attachment.
`
`The advancements include:
`
`1. The concurrent utilization of two or more types of modem modulations on a communication channel.
`
`2. The above \Vith such modulations occupying substantially equivalent spectra at substantially concurrent time
`periods.
`
`3. The seamless communication from a master multipoint modem to two or more different tributary modem types.
`
`4. The inclusion of a secondary modulation to replace the usual primary modulation user data segment normally
`located after the primary training sequence and the primary trailing sequence.
`
`Embedded Modulation Example:
`
`A practical example is the two-wire polled multipoint DSL embodied in Pinnacle.
`
`Without embedded modulations, all tribs must possess substantially all the transceiver features and cost of a full
`performance Pinnacle. That is, with the usual 64 kbaud (640 kbps), IP/PPP/PMAP/P-CAP protocol Pinnacle, all
`tribs must be capable of transmitting and receiving 64 kbaud. Only minor cost reductions can be achieved by
`restricting a lower cost trib to fewer bits per symbol ... saving some cost in the AFE and the DSP. An example cost
`reduction may be from $50 to $40.
`With embedded modulation, Type B tribs can be, say, 16 kbps FSK rnodems 1 without need for any protocol such as
`above. It is estimated that such a modem core can be implemented for a cost of perhaps $5.
`
`The above extremely low cost and respectable data rates allow a mix of both top-performance Pinnacles for Internet
`access applicat1ons and extremely-low cost products such as power meter control/monitors.
`
`1 For example, Fl = 32 kHz, F2 = 64 kHz.
`
`5
`
`IPR2020-00034 Page 00006
`
`

`

`Master
`Transceiver
`
`Trammg
`Signal
`
`Data Trmlmg
`Signal Signal
`
`Trainmg Data Trailing
`Signal Signal Signal
`
`Trib #1
`Transceiver
`
`Tnb#2
`Transceiver
`
`Traming
`Signal
`
`Data Trmlmg
`Signal Signal
`
`>>>>>time>>>>>
`
`Training
`Signal
`
`Data Trailing
`Signal Signal
`
`FIGURE 1: Prior Art Multipoint Signals (single modulation type for master and tribs)
`
`Master
`Transceiver
`Type A
`
`Tnb#I
`Transceiver
`vneA
`
`Traming
`Signal
`
`Data Trailmg
`Signal Signal
`
`Train1ng
`Signal
`
`Data Trailmg
`Signal Signal
`
`Trammg
`Signal
`
`Data Trailmg
`Signal Signal
`
`Tnb#2
`Transceiver
`Tv eB
`FIGURE 2: Prior Art Multipoint Signals (different modulation types)
`
`>>>>> time >>>>>
`
`Training
`Signal
`
`Data Trailing
`Signal Signal
`
`Tnb#3
`Tnb#2
`Trib#4
`Tnb#l
`Transceiver
`Transceiver
`Transcdver
`Transceiver
`Tv eA
`Tv eB
`Master
`Tv eB
`Tv A
`Transceiver 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - -~ - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - -
`Type A+B
`
`FIGURE 3: Embedded Modulation Multipoint Network
`
`Type A Modulation
`Trammg S1gna!
`(with Type A Address)
`
`Type A Modulation
`Training Signal
`( with notification of
`change to Type BJ
`
`Type A Modula:10n
`Data S1gnal to Type A Tnb
`
`Type B Modulation
`Data Signal to Type B Trib with Type B address
`
`Type A Modulation
`Trailing Signal
`
`Type A Modulation
`Trailing Signal
`
`FIGURES 4a & 4B: Embedded Modulation Master Transmissions
`
`IPR2020-00034 Page 00007
`
`