Rembrandt Wireless
`Ex. 2021
`Apple Inc. v. Rembrandt Wireless Technologies, LP, IPR2020-00034
`Page 1 of 9
`
`

`

`First edition published in 1989 as Data and Computer Communications
`Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1998 byJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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`0 471 97517 6 (pbk)
`
`
`
`British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
`
`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
`
`ISBN 0 471# 97516 8;
`
`

`

`lock was correctly received and that thereceiver
`eeady©accept
`toaccept thenext block.Also used as
`aready reply in other.communications proto-
`cols, such as Hewlett-Packard’s ENQ/ACKpro-
`tocol(see following diagram)and the ETX/ACK
`method of flow control.
`
`ACF/NCP
`
`ACF/NCP In IBM’s VTAM, Advanced Com-
`munications Function for the Network Control
`Program.
`
`In IBM’s VTAM, Advanced Com-
`ACEF/SSP
`munications Function for the System Support
`Programs. Synonym for SSP.
`
`ACR/TAP In IBM’s VTAM, Advanced,.Com-
`munications Function for the Trace Analysis
`Program. Synonym for TAP.
`
`ACF/TCAM In IBM’s VTAM, Advanced Com-
`munications Function for the Telecommunica-
`tions Access Method.
`
`ACF/VTAM In IBM’s VTAM, Advanced Com-
`munications Function for the Virtual Telecom-
`munications Access Method.
`
`IBM’s
`ACF/VTAM application program In
`VTAM,a program that has opened an ACB to
`identify itself to ACF/VTAM and can now issue
`ACF/VTAM macroinstructions.
`
`ACE/VTAM definition In IBM’s VTAM,the
`process of defining the user application network
`to ACF/VTAM and modifying IBM-defined
`characteristics to suit the needs of the user.
`
`ACF/VTAMdefinition library In IBM’s VTAM,
`the operating system files or data sets that contain
`the definition statements and start options filed
`during ACF/VTAM definition.
`
`ACF/VTAM operator A person or program
`authorized to issue ACF/VTAM operator com-
`mands.
`
`ACE/VTAM operator command A command
`used to monitor or control an ACF/VTAM
`domain.
`
`ACE/VTAME InIBM’s VTAM, Advanced Com-
`munications Function for the Virtual Telecom-
`munications Access Method Entry.
`
`ACI Access Control Information.
`
`
`
`
`
` HP3000\_- - S—¥. ACK--------- =--- Lrermminal
`
`|
`
`ENQ/ACKprotocol diagram
`
`ACM Association for Computing Machinery.
`
`ACOC Area Communications Operations Center.
`
`ACOnet Akademisches COmputer NEtz, a re-
`search network in Austria.
`
`ACONSOLE The name of a Novell NetWare 3.x
`utility program that allows a network supervisor
`to access a server via a modem connection and
`manage that server as if the user was at
`the
`server’s console.
`
`Acorn A trademark of AT&T for a network
`control system.
`acoustic coupler A device that converts electrical
`signals into audio signals, enabling data to be
`transmitted over the public telephone network
`via a conventional
`telephone handset;
`it also
`converts the audio signals back into electrical
`signals at the receiving end. A kind of modem.
`
`ACP Advanced Communications Package.
`
`ACP Allied Communication Publication.
`
`the operation in
`1.In IBM’s VTAM,
`acquire
`which an authorized ACF/VTAM application
`program initiates and establishes a session with
`anotherlogical unit; the application program acts
`as the primary end of the session. Note. The
`acquire process causes an Initiate request to be
`sent
`to the SSCP which causes the SSCP to
`return a CINIT request to the application pro-
`gram (the PLU); this in turn causes the PLU to
`send a BIND request to the SLU. Contrast with
`Accept. 2. In relation to ACF/VTAM resource
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`marker
`
`condition. 2. In data communications, a mark
`represents a binary 1; the steady-state, no-traffic
`state for asynchronous transmission. 3. The idle
`condition. 4. In the context of the virtual termi-
`nal, a mark is a signal inserted into an output
`data stream by the virtual terminal, to acknowl-
`edge that an attention or interrupt input signal
`has been received.
`
`marker The common control device for a cross-
`bar switch.
`
`marker tape A tapelaid parallel to a conductor
`under the jacket in a cable. The tape is printed
`with the name of the manufacturer and specifi-
`cations about the cable.
`
`mark-hold The normal no-traffic line condition
`whereby a steady mark is transmitted.
`
`Markov constraint A constraint on the routing
`method according to which the future route of a
`packetis independentofits past history, such as
`its source or its route so far. This constraint is
`implied by directory routing.
`mark-to-space transition Thetransition, or swit-
`ching from a marking impulse to a spacing
`impulse.
`MarkVision The nameof a software productbuilt
`into some IBM laser printers which enables
`remote NetWare users to configure and monitor
`the status of the printer.
`
`MARS Military Affiliate Radio System.
`Marquis The name of a PC Card from Motorola
`of Schaumberg, IL that provides 28.8 kbps of
`data and fax communications, and functionsas a
`10Mbps Ethernet adaptor.
`MASER(Microwave Amplification by Simulated
`Emission of Radiation) A device that gener-
`ates signals in the microwave range, with low-
`noise characteristics.
`
`Pattern of bits (1s or Os) specified by the
`mask
`user that can be used with the trap mode of a
`communicationstest set.
`
`326
`
`masking A method of transforming one set of
`data into another while blocking or excluding
`some data from this process on the basis of code
`patterns or position.
`master antenna system A coaxialcable distribu-
`tion system which provides television to apart-
`ments, hotel rooms, hospitals and schools.
`
`master boot infector A virus that overwrites or
`replaces the master boot record of a physical
`drive.
`
`master clock The source of timing signals, or the
`signals themselves, which all network stations
`use for synchronization.
`In IBM’s SNA,a cryp-
`master cryptography key
`tographic key used to encipher operational keys
`that will be used at a node.
`
`master group In Frequency Division Multiplex-
`ing (FDM), an assembly of 10 supergroups
`occupying adjacent bands in the transmission
`spectrum for purposes of simultaneous modula-
`tion and demodulation.
`
`the
`system,
`master modem In a multipoint
`modem that transmits constantly in the outbound
`direction. Usually the modem at the central site.
`In a multitier system,
`the term represents
`remote master, or a master modem that is no
`located at the centralsite.
`master station
`1. In multipoint circuits, the uni
`which controls/polls the nodes. 2. In point-t
`point circuits, the unit which controls the slav
`station. 3.
`In LAN technology,
`the unit on
`token-passing ring that allows recovery fro
`error conditions, such as lost, busy, or duplica'
`tokens; a monitor station.
`MATE An asynchronous communications soft
`ware program from Concept Automation
`operates on Data General MV computers.
`mathematical model A mathematical descriptio
`or approximation of somerealevent.
`matrix In switch technology, that portion of
`switch architecture where any input leads
`any output leads meet.
`
`Rembrandt Wireless
`
`

`

` percent break
`
`
`Amplitude(dB)howdoS8SOo|
`
`
`ao
`
`ABCDEFGHIJKLMOP
`Frequency (Hz)
`
`A= 140.625 Hz
`B = 390.625
`C = 640.625
`D = 890.625
`
`E = 1140,625 Hz
`F = 1390.625
`G = 1640.625
`H = 1890.625
`
`| = 2140.625 Hz
`J = 2390.625
`K = 2640.625
`L = 2890,625
`P/AR test measurement
`
`peaklimiter
`
`Time (ms)
`
`M = 3140.625 Hz
`N = 3390.625
`O =3640.625
`P = 3890.625
`
`——SS
`—SS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`normal steady interferences or impairments on
`In IBM’s VTAM,thestate
`pending active session
`a channel such as non-linear distortion, noise,
`of an LU-LUsession recorded by the SSCP when
`and phase jitter. The measurement
`technique
`it finds both LUs available and has sent a CINIT
`employs the signal
`transmission of a complex
`request to the primary logical unit (PLU) of the
`frequency spectrum. The receiver of the analog
`requested session.
`test set performs a calculation based on the
`local area net-
`penetration tap In an Ethernet
`charges to the original signal and generates a
`work, a penetration tap is a device used to con-
`value of measurement called P/AR units. A
`
`nect a transceiver to the bus without requiring
`P/AR value of 100 would indicate a channel
`that
`the bus transmission be interrupted for the
`with excellent fidelity; however, 75 is more of a
`installation of fittings. This is accomplished by
`practical reading to expect onafairly good line.
`
`the use of a needle-like device which penetrates
`pedestal A device, usually mounted on a floor,
`
`the insulation of the coaxial cable bus to reach
`used to house voice or data jacks, or power
`
`the center of the coax conductor,
`outlets at the point of use.
`
`PentaScanner A trademark of Microtest, Inc. of
`
`PEEKAtrademark of Computronics of Addison,
`Phoenix, AZ, as well as the name ofa cable
`IL, as well as a terminal monitor program from
`tester from that vendor.
`that vendor which operates on Prime computers.
`peer
`In a communications environment, a device
`that
`is considered to be equal
`to another
`device with respect
`to their communications
`Capabilities,
`peer-to-peer A network in which two or moresta-
`tons can communicate with each other without
`first routing data to a server.
`Peg count The numberofcalls made or received
`MM a specific time period.
`Privacy Enhanced Mail.
`
`
`
`Pentium The name of an Intel microprocessor
`that operates on data internally, 64 bits at a time.
`Pentium Pro The nameof the Intel micropro-
`cessor designed as a successor to the vendor’s
`Pentium microprocessor.
`PEP 1. Packetized Ensemble Protocol. 2. Partitio-
`ned Emulation Program.
`3. Peak Envelope
`Power.
`
`percent break Theratio ofthe opencircuit time
`to the sum of the open andclosedcircuit times
`
`401
`
`
`
`
`

`

`polarity
`
`is represented by direct current flowing in one
`direction and the spacing signal
`is represented
`by an equalcurrentflowing in the opposite direc-
`tion. By extensionto tone signaling, polar trans-
`mission is a method of transmission employing
`three distinct states, two to represent a mark and
`a space and one to represent the absence of a
`signal. Also called bipolar.
`
`polarity Any condition in which. there are two
`opposing voltage levels or charges, such as
`positive and negative.
`
`1.A characteristic of electromag-
`polarization
`netic radiation that occurs whenthe electric-field
`vector of the energy wave is perpendicular to
`the main direction of the electromagnetic beam.
`2. The directional aspects of a signal. A signal
`can have a circular or planar polarization.
`
`acetate,
`polarizer Material made of polymer
`incorporating iodide molecules, which allows
`scattered light
`to enter one pane on a liquid-
`crystal display.
`
`in turn saying, “Terminal A: have you anyth
`to send?”If not, “Terminal B: have you anyth
`to send?” and so on. Each such messageis ca
`a poll.
`
`polling delay The elapsed time between sucd
`sive polls to a given station which becomes |
`maximum delay after an operatoris ready to s
`before transmission actually takes place.
`polling list The order in whichstations are po
`and maintained in a list associated with e
`channel. A line polling list can also be use
`provide priority in line service.
`
`polyethylene A family of insulating materi
`derived from polymerization of ethylene gas,
`provide good dielectric properties.
`polymorphic virus A virus that completely ma
`fies its appearance each timeit infects acomp
`program.
`
`
`
`
`
`Poly-STAR Terminal emulation software fr
`Polygon, Inc., of St Louis, MO, which ena
`an IBM PC or compatible personal comp
`Policy ManagementArchitecture (PMA)Anet-
`to communicate with any Digital Equipm
`working architecture developed by NetManage
`Co. VAX or other ASCII host computers.
`of Cupertino, CA, which enables mission-critical
`applications and multimedia tools to run on exist-
`Poly-STAR/240 Terminal emulation softwaref
`ing IP-based intranets.
`Polygon,
`Inc., which make a personal
`cc
`puter operate as a Digital Equipment Corporat
`Policy Management Architecture (PMA)Atool
`(DEC) VT240terminal.
`from NetManage Corporation of Cupertino, CA,
`which enables network managersand third-party
`PolyVinyl Chloride (PYC) A_flame-retard
`developers to create modules that control
`the
`thermoplastic insulation material
`that
`is co
`manner by which desktops use TCP/IP-based
`monly used in the jackets of building cables.
`applications. A PMA capability is included in the
`POP 1. Point Of Presence. 2. Post Office Pro’
`vendor’s Chameleon TCP/IP application suite.
`col.
`aoc whichacomp terasks a
`terminal associatSaitfettheentdnalhas
`anydata forthecomputer.
`poll character A unique character or sequence
`sent by the main computerto a device to check
`for availability for sending and receiving data.
`polling A means of controlling terminals on a
`multipoint
`line. The computer, acting as
`the
`masterstation, sends a message to each terminal
`
`PopNet A trademark of LAN shark Systems,I
`of Reynoldsburg, OH, as well as the name
`a memory-tesident program loader from
`vendor which operates on a VINESserver.
`port A computer interface capable ofattachi
`to a modem for communicating with a rem
`terminal;
`the logical entrance and exit throu
`which data traffic flows
`into and out of
`network,
`
`412
`
`
`
`

`

`skywave
`
`Theportion of a wavethat travels to the
`skywave
`ionosphere andis reflected or refracted back to
`the earth.
`
`slab on grade A concrete floor installed directly
`on the earth, without a basement or crawl space.
`
`slamming Theprocess of unauthorized switching
`of a subscriber from one long distance carrier to
`another.
`
`SLAR Side-Looking Airborne Radar.
`slave A called unit under the control of commands
`and signals from a master (calling) unit.
`
`In point-to-point circuits,
`slave station
`controlled by the master station.
`SLC Submarine Laser Communications.
`
`the unit
`
`SLCSAT Submarine
`SATellites.
`
`Laser
`
`Communications
`
`SLIC
`
`Subscriber Line Interface Card.
`
`slicing level A voltage or currentlevel ofa digital
`signal where a one or zero bit can be determined
`or not. Also threshold.
`
`slip A defect in timing that caused a single bit or
`a sequence of bits to be omitted or read twice.
`Slips are primarily caused by improper synchro-
`nization resulting from wander and improperdis-
`tribution of the network reference frequency.
`
`SLIP Serial Line IP.
`
`SLM
`
`System Logic Module.
`1, A unit of time in a TDM frame where a
`slot
`sub-channel bit or character is carried. 2. Basic
`information unit (an 18-bit pattern) sent on an
`IBM 3600 System Loop. Specifies a command,
`data, or a sync pattern. 3. A numbered division
`of an equipment rack or shelf into which an
`electronic card is inserted.
`
`slot sharing A procedure by which more than one
`terminal may contend for the same slot thereby
`increasing the numberof terminals that may be
`attached an IBM System 3600 Loop.
`slot
`time A local network parameter that des-
`cribes the contention behavior of a media access
`
`500
`
`control. Nominally equal to twice the propaga
`tion delay.
`
`slotted ALOHA A packet broadcast system li
`ALOHAin which packets are timed to arrive ¢
`the center in regular time slots, synchronized fe
`all stations.
`
`slotted frame A frame of information which
`shared by two or morestations by dividingtt
`frame into equal parts. This technologyis use
`by many TDMsand on some LANs with rir
`topologies.
`
`slotted ring A ring-based network that uses slo
`as the method for gaining access to the media;
`
`SLS Signaling Link Selection.
`
`SLU Secondary Logical Unit.
`
`SL/1
`
`A PBX manufactured by Northern Teleco:
`
`SM 1. Statistical Multiplexer. 2. Switching Mog
`ule. 3, System Management. 4. Service Modu
`SMA
`
`Search Mode Acquisition.
`
`SMAE Systems Management Application Entit
`Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
`A
`industry standard interface for connecting perij
`heral devices and their controllers to a micr¥
`processor. The SCSI interface defines both harg
`ware and software standards for communicati@
`between a host computer and a peripheral.
`Small-Scale Integration (SSI) A term used
`describe a multifunction semiconductor devig
`with a sparse density (10 circuits or less)
`§
`electronic circuitry contained on a single slice
`chip.
`SMAPSystems Management Application Proces}
`smart terminal A smart terminal has semicon
`uctor-based memory.
`Its
`features include @
`ability to be polled, to store data in blocks, af
`to perform error checking. Functions such §
`editing can be performed on a smart termina
`but specific capabilities are built into the termiml
`and cannot be changed. A smart terminal is
`user-programmable.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`the fiber so that its movementis limited. Tight
`buffers are commonly used in patch cords and
`other locations where a cable is likely to be
`moved or shaken.
`tightly coupled A term used to describe the
`interrelationship of processing units that share
`rea] storage and are controlled by the same
`control program.
`tilt The difference betweeninsertion losses. Sig-
`nals at higher frequencies weaken more dramat-
`ically than signals at lower frequencies.
`TIM Test Interface Module.
`timbre of sound A term used to express the
`quality of a particular sound which helps to
`identify the object, instrument, or personthat is
`its source,
`Time Assignment Speech Interpolation (TASI)
`A technique for making trunk circuits more
`efficient by combiningportions of conversations
`on the same circuit. This technique makes use
`of the fact that typical conversations have quiet
`periods during which the circuit can be used for
`other conversations.
`time bomb A destructive program that remains
`until a predefined event or time triggers its
`operation.
`
`time division multiplexers (TDMs)
`
`time call A call between two subscribers, where
`the called subscriber is within the caller’s area
`code butoutside the caller’s free calling area,
`Time Compression Multiplexing (TCM) A dig-
`ital
`transmission technique that permits full-
`duplex data transmission by sending compressed
`bursts of data in an alternating or “ping-pong”
`fashion.
`Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Refers
`to a form of multiple access where a single car-
`rier is time shared by many users. Signals from
`earth stations reaching the satellite consecutively
`are processedin time segments without overlap-
`ping.
`100 percent
`time division multiplexers (TDMs)
`digital, dividing high-speed digital channels,
`such as a modem RS-232C output,
`into digi-
`tal subchannels. TDMseither bit-interleave or
`character-interleave data.
`Bit-interleaving is used primarily for syn-
`chronous multiplexing of protocols
`(Bisync,
`HDLC, X.25, SDLC,ete.) Bit-interleaving main-
`tains the order and numberofbits from input at
`one end ofthe channelto outputat the other end.
`Synchronous protocols require maintaining the
`numberandorderofbits in each clock to ensure
`
`Time division
`multiplexer
`
`Low
`speed
`
`channels
`
`Time division
`multiplexer
`
`Low
`speed
`channels
`
`inal
`nals
`aph
`nals
`the
`
`qu-
`
`inel
`
`rice
`
`‘ion
`lers
`
`ons
`
`ch-
`be
`Dri-
`nch
`1et-
`tie
`an-
`
`wo
`
`Bes Channel 3
`=i,
`Channel1
`
`Channel 2 ~ [Cs|C2C11 G2 [Co] Ca |Cs/ Cx] Cs] C2 [Cg ese Channel 4
`
`
`
`
`Cc Cz|etc,c C3}
`
`
`
`Channel3
`Channel 4
`
`Channel 1
`Channel 2
`
`Bits or characters are inter leaved:
`
`time division multiplexers (TDMs)
`
`543
`
`
`
`

`

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`SUaSeesa
`
`dictionary of
`
`communications
`technology
`
`Petr MC MOVECELCuterdd POeu ad PeeCUELe rereht
`and engineers. Wider ranging than a conventional dictionary,it enables you
`to check exact specifications, definitions, characteristics, options,relay
`diagrams, paths, allgnments, sources, codes, events, tables, sequences,
`tradenames, methods, and numerous PyTSMoh spell
`disasterif misinterpreted or incorrectly specified.
`In an area of technology where so many things can go wrong (and usually do)this ferets}1-1
`reference encourages maximum accuracy. WRCMSeUlecieLeehmelie ts esaOle
`
`BN 978-0-471-97516-8
`
`9 "780471°9
`
`and over 20 major
`international corporations
`(from AT&T to DEC) have
`contributed to the accuracy
`of this authoritative dictionary.
`
`————
`
`