Exhibit A
`
`I 1111111111111111 11111 1111111111 1111111111 111111111111111 111111111111111111
`US008023580B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Bremer
`
`(IO) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`Sep.20,2011
`
`(54) SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
`COMMUNICATION USING AT LEAST TWO
`MODULATION METHODS
`
`(76)
`
`Inventor: Gordon F. Bremer, Clearwater, FL (US)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by O days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 12/543,910
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Aug. 19, 2009
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2010/0183055 Al
`
`Jul. 22, 2010
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 11/774,803, filed on
`Jul. 9, 2007, now Pat. No. 7,675,965, which is a
`continuation of application No. 10/412,878, filed on
`Apr. 14, 2003, now Pat. No. 7,248,626, which is a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 09/205,205,
`filed on Dec. 4, 1998, now Pat. No. 6,614,838.
`
`4,091,422 A
`4,335,464 A
`4,381,546 A
`4,464,767 A
`4,503,545 A
`4,509,171 A
`4,516,216 A
`4,525,846 A
`4,525,847 A
`4,532,640 A
`4,630,286 A
`4,645,871 A
`4,654,807 A
`4,663,766 A
`4,677,625 A
`4,782,498 A
`
`5/1978 Amster
`6/1982 Armstrong et al.
`4/1983 Armstrong
`8/1984 Bremer
`3/1985 Bremer et al.
`4/1985 Bremer et al.
`5/1985 Armstrong
`6/1985 Bremer et al.
`6/1985 Bremer
`7/1985 Bremer et al.
`12/1986 Betts
`2/1987 Bremer et al.
`3/1987 Bremer
`5/1987 Bremer
`6/1987 Betts et al.
`11/1988 Copeland, III
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`"Conelrad Emergency Radio Notification System Born in 1951",
`www.modestoradiomuseum.org, Accessed on Dec. 5, 2010, 2 pages.
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner - Dae Ha
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm - Condo Roccia LLP
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/067,562, filed on Dec.
`5, 1997.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04L 5112
`(2006.01)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ........ 375/261; 455/102; 332/108; 332/119;
`332/151
`( 58) Field of Classification Search . ... ... ... ... .. ... 3 7 5/261,
`375/269, 285, 222, 298, 302, 305, 308; 455/102,
`455/110; 332/108, 119,120,151
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
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`
`A device may be capable of communicating using at least two
`type types of modulation methods. The device may include a
`transceiver capable of acting as a master according to a mas(cid:173)
`ter/slave relationship in which communication from a slave to
`a master occurs in response to communication from the mas(cid:173)
`ter to the slave. The master transceiver may send transmis(cid:173)
`sions discrete transmissions structured with a first portion and
`a payload portion. Information in the first portion may be
`modulated according to a first modulation method and indi(cid:173)
`cate an impending change to a second modulation method,
`which is used for transmitting the payload portion. The dis(cid:173)
`crete transmissions may be addressed for an intended desti(cid:173)
`nation of the payload portion.
`
`79 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`Apple Exhibit 1010
`Apple Inc. v. Rembrandt Wireless
`IPR2020-00033
`Page 00001
`
`

`

`US 8,023,580 B2
`Page 2
`
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`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00002
`
`

`

`US 8,023,580 B2
`Page 3
`
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`IPR2020-00033 Page 00003
`
`

`

`US 8,023,580 B2
`Page 4
`
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`
`* cited by examiner
`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00004
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 1 of 8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`
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`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00005
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 2 of 8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
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`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00006
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 3 of 8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`~; ..
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`66
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`j
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`1-
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`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 4 of 8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`100
`'<, ,,
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`64
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`
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`Transceiver
`TypaB
`66b
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`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00008
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 5 of 8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`Trib 2
`T·ype B
`66:b
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`M:aster
`Typ,e,A, + B
`
`64
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`Trib 1
`Typ,e.A
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`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00009
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 6 of 8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`Poll. Request/
`Tramng
`
`FIG~ 6
`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00010
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`
`Sheet 7 of 8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`Receive
`Type A
`Data
`12:fJ
`
`Pon Request!
`TraJfing
`
`FIG. 7
`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00011
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`US. Patent
`
`Sep.20,2011
`Sep. 20, 2011
`
`Sheet 8 of 8
`Sheet 8 0f 8
`
`US 8,023,580 B2
`US 8,023,580 B2
`
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`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00012
`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00012
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`
`

`

`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`1
`SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
`COMMUNICATION USING AT LEAST TWO
`MODULATION METHODS
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
`No. 11/774,803, filed on Jul. 9, 2007, which is a continuation
`of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/412,878, filed Apr. 14, 2003,
`which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No.
`09/205,205, filed Dec. 4, 1998, and which claims priority to
`and the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Applica(cid:173)
`tion No. 60/067,562, filed Dec. 5, 1997, each of which is
`incorporated by reference herein.
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD
`
`The present invention relates generally to the fields of data
`communications and modulator/ demodulators (modems),
`and, more particularly, to a data communications system in
`which a plurality of modulation methods are used to facilitate
`communication among a plurality of modem types.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`2
`be very cost inefficient to construct. For example, some appli(cid:173)
`cations ( e.g., internet access) require high performance
`modulation, such as quadrature amplitude modulation
`(QAM), carrier amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation, or
`5 discrete multitone (DMT) modulation, while other applica(cid:173)
`tions ( e.g., power monitoring and control) require only mod(cid:173)
`est data rates and therefore a low performance modulation
`method. All users in the system will generally have to be
`equipped with a high performance modem to ensure modu(cid:173)
`lation compatibility. These state of the art modems are then
`10 run at their lowest data rates for those applications that require
`relatively low data throughput performance. The replacement
`of inexpensive modems with much more expensive state of
`the art devices due to modulation compatibility imposes a
`substantial cost that is unnecessary in terms of the service and
`15 performance to be delivered to the end user.
`Accordingly, what is sought, and what is not believed to be
`provided by the prior art, is a system and method of commu(cid:173)
`nication in which multiple modulation methods are used to
`facilitate communication among a plurality of modems in a
`20 network, which have heretofore been incompatible.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`The present invention disclosed herein includes communi-
`25 cation systems, devices, and methods. For example, a device
`may be capable of communicating according to a master/
`slave relationship in which a communication from a slave to
`a master occurs in response to a communication from the
`master to the slave. The device may include a transceiver in
`the role of the master for sending transmissions modulated
`30 using at least two types of modulation methods, for example
`a first modulation method and a second modulation method.
`The first modulation method may be of a different type than
`the second modulation method. The transmissions may be
`groups of transmission sequences. A group may be structured
`35 with a first portion and a payload portion. First information in
`the first portion may indicate which of the first modulation
`method or the second modulation method is used for modu(cid:173)
`lating second information in the payload portion. The trans(cid:173)
`missions may be addressed for an intended destination of the
`40 payload portion. First information in a transmission that
`includes an address for an intended destination may include a
`first sequence in the first portion that is modulated according
`to the first modulation method and that indicates an impend(cid:173)
`ing change from the first modulation method to the second
`45 modulation method. Second information in a transmission
`that includes an address for an intended destination may
`include a second sequence in the payload portion that is
`modulated according to the second modulation method. The
`second sequence may be transmitted after the first sequence.
`The present invention has many advantages, a few of which
`are delineated hereafter as merely examples.
`One advantage of the present invention is that it provides to
`the use of a plurality of modem modulation methods on the
`same communication medium.
`Another advantage of the present invention is that a master
`transceiver can communicate seamlessly with tributary trans(cid:173)
`ceivers or modems using incompatible modulation methods.
`Other features and advantages of the present invention will
`become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination
`60 of the following drawings and detailed description. It is
`intended that all such additional features and advantages be
`included herein within the scope of the present invention.
`
`55
`
`In existing data communications systems, a transmitter and
`receiver modem pair can successfully communicate only
`when the modems are compatible at the physical layer. That
`is, the modems must use compatible modulation methods.
`This requirement is generally true regardless of the network
`topology. For example, point-to-point, dial-up modems oper-
`ate in either the industry standard V.34 mode or the industry
`standard V.22 mode. Similarly, in a multipoint architecture,
`all modems operate, for example, in the industry standard
`V.27bis mode. While the modems may be capable of using
`several different modulation methods, a single common
`modulation is negotiated at the beginning of a data session to
`be used throughout the duration of the session. Should it
`become necessary to change modulation methods, the exist(cid:173)
`ing data session is torn down, and a new session is negotiated
`using the new modulation method. Clearly, tearing down an
`existing data session causes a significant disruption in com(cid:173)
`munication between the two modems.
`As discussed in the foregoing, communication between
`modems is generally unsuccessful unless a common modu(cid:173)
`lation method is used. In a point-to-point network architec(cid:173)
`ture, if a modem attempts to establish a communication ses(cid:173)
`sion with an incompatible modem, one or both of the modems
`will make several attempts to establish the communication 50
`link until giving up after a timeout period has expired or the
`maximum number of retry attempts has been reached. Essen(cid:173)
`tially, communication on the link is impossible without
`replacing one of the modems such that the resulting modem
`pair uses a common modulation method.
`In a multipoint architecture, a single central, or "master,"
`modem communicates with two or more tributary or "trib"
`modems using a single modulation method. If one or more of
`the trib modems are not compatible with the modulation
`method used by the master, those tribs will be unable to
`receive communications from the master. Moreover, repeated
`attempts by the master to communicate with the incompatible
`trib(s) will disturb communications with compatible trib(s)
`due to time wasted in making the futile communication
`attempts.
`Thus, communication systems comprised of both high per(cid:173)
`formance and low or moderate performance applications can
`
`65
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The present invention can be better understood with refer(cid:173)
`ence to the following drawings. The components and repre-
`
`IPR2020-00033 Page 00013
`
`

`

`US 8,023,580 B2
`
`3
`sentations in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, empha(cid:173)
`sis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the
`principles of the present invention. Moreover, in the draw(cid:173)
`ings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts
`throughout the several views.
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art multipoint commu(cid:173)
`nication system including a master transceiver and a plurality
`of tributary transceivers;
`FIG. 2 is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of the
`multipoint communication system of FIG. 1;
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a master transceiver and
`tributary transceiver for use in the multipoint communication
`system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the principles of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a multipoint communication
`system including the master transceiver and a plurality of
`tributary transceivers of the type illustrated in FIG. 3;
`FIG. 5 is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of the
`multipoint communication system of FIG. 4;
`FIG. 6 is a state diagram for a tributary transceiver of FIGS.
`3-5 using a secondary modulation method in accordance with
`the principles of the present invention;
`FIG. 7 is a state diagram for a tributary transceiver of FIGS.
`3-5 using a primary modulation method in accordance with
`the principles of the present invention; and
`FIG. 8 is a signal diagram for an exemplary transmission
`according to an embodiment.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`While the invention is susceptible to various modifications
`and alternative forms, a specific embodiment thereofis shown
`by way of example in the drawings and will herein be
`described in detail. It should be understood, however, that 35
`there is no intent to limit the invention to the particular form
`disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all
`modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the
`spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
`With reference to FIG. 1, a prior art multipoint communi- 40
`cation system 22 is shown to comprise a master modem or
`transceiver 24, which communicates with a plurality of tribu(cid:173)
`tary modems (tribs) or transceivers 26-26 over communica(cid:173)
`tion medium 28. Note that all tribs 26-26 are identical in that
`they share a common modulation method with the master
`transceiver 24. Thus, before any communication can begin in
`multipoint system 22, the master transceiver and the tribs
`26-26 must agree on a common modulation method. If a
`common modulation method is found, the master transceiver
`24 and a single trib 26 will then exchange sequences of
`signals that are particular subsets of all signals that can be
`communicated via the agreed upon common modulation
`method. These sequences are commonly referred to as train(cid:173)
`ing signals and can be used for the following purposes: 1) to
`confirm that the common modulation method is available, 2) 55
`to establish received signal level compensation, 3) to estab(cid:173)
`lish time recovery and/or carrier recovery, 4) to permit chan(cid:173)
`nel equalization and/or echo cancellation, 5) to exchange
`parameters for optimizing performance and/or to select
`optional features, and 6) to confirm agreement with regard to 60
`the foregoing purposes prior to entering into data communi(cid:173)
`cation mode between the users. In a multipoint system, the
`address of the trib with which the master is establishing
`communication is also transmitted during the training inter(cid:173)
`val. At the end of a data session a communicating pair of 65
`modems will typically exchange a sequence of signals known
`as trailing signals for the purpose of reliably stopping the
`
`4
`session and confirming that the session has been stopped. In a
`multipoint system, failure to detect the end of a session will
`delay or disrupt a subsequent session.
`Referring now to FIG. 2, an exemplary multipoint commu-
`5 nication session is illustrated through use of a ladder diagram.
`This system uses polled multipoint communication protocol.
`That is, a master controls the initiation ofits own transmission
`to the tribs and permits transmission from a trib only w