INTERNATI O NAL
`
`STANDARD
`
`SO/IEC
`
`mm
`
`First edition
`mm
`
`,p.
`
`Identi ication cards — ontactless
`
`Integrate. Circmt s carcs — 'rOXImIty
`
`,.
`
`t'
`
`.
`
`.
`
`Partie 4: Protocole de transmission
`
`0 IE
`
`14443-42001 E
`
`Apple Ex.
`
`I
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`PDF disclaimer
`This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
`be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
`file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
`area.
`Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
`Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
`were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
`that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001
`All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
`or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
`in the country of the requester.
`ISO copyright office
`Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
`Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
`Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
`E-mail copyright@iso.ch
`Web www.iso.ch
`Printed in Switzerland
`
`ii
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 2
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`Contents
`
`Scope...............................................................................................................................................................1
`1
`Normative references ....................................................................................................................................1
`2
`Terms and definitions....................................................................................................................................1
`3
`Symbols and abbreviated terms...................................................................................................................2
`4
`Protocol activation of PICC Type A..............................................................................................................4
`5
`Request for answer to select ........................................................................................................................6
`5.1
`Answer to select.............................................................................................................................................6
`5.2
`Structure of the bytes....................................................................................................................................7
`5.2.1
`Length byte.....................................................................................................................................................7
`5.2.2
`Format byte.....................................................................................................................................................7
`5.2.3
`Interface byte TA(1)........................................................................................................................................8
`5.2.4
`Interface byte TB(1)........................................................................................................................................8
`5.2.5
`Interface byte TC(1)........................................................................................................................................9
`5.2.6
`5.2.7 Historical bytes ..............................................................................................................................................9
`5.3
`Protocol and parameter selection request................................................................................................10
`5.3.1
`Start byte.......................................................................................................................................................10
`5.3.2
`Parameter 0...................................................................................................................................................11
`5.3.3
`Parameter 1...................................................................................................................................................11
`5.4
`Protocol and parameter selection response.............................................................................................12
`5.5
`Activation frame waiting time.....................................................................................................................12
`5.6
`Error detection and recovery......................................................................................................................12
`5.6.1 Handling of RATS and ATS.........................................................................................................................12
`5.6.2 Handling of PPS request and PPS response ............................................................................................13
`5.6.3 Handling of the CID during activation........................................................................................................13
`6
`Protocol activation of PICC Type B............................................................................................................14
`7
`Half-duplex block transmission protocol ..................................................................................................14
`7.1
`Block format .................................................................................................................................................15
`7.1.1
`Prologue field ...............................................................................................................................................15
`7.1.2
`Information field...........................................................................................................................................17
`7.1.3
`Epilogue field................................................................................................................................................18
`7.2
`Frame waiting time.......................................................................................................................................18
`7.3
`Frame waiting time extension.....................................................................................................................18
`7.4
`Power level indication .................................................................................................................................19
`7.5
`Protocol operation .......................................................................................................................................20
`7.5.1 Multi-Activation ............................................................................................................................................20
`7.5.2 Chaining........................................................................................................................................................20
`7.5.3 Block numbering rules ................................................................................................................................21
`7.5.4 Block handling rules....................................................................................................................................21
`7.5.5
`Error detection and recovery......................................................................................................................22
`8
`Protocol deactivation of PICC Type A and Type B...................................................................................23
`8.1
`Deactivation frame waiting time.................................................................................................................23
`8.2
`Error detection and recovery......................................................................................................................23
`Annex A (informative) Multi-Activation example....................................................................................................24
`Annex B (informative) Protocol scenarios..............................................................................................................25
`B.1
`Notation.........................................................................................................................................................25
`B.2
`Error-free operation .....................................................................................................................................25
`B.2.1 Exchange of I-blocks ...................................................................................................................................25
`B.2.2 Request for waiting time extension ...........................................................................................................26
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`iii
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 3
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`B.2.3 DESELECT ................................................................................................................................................... 26
`B.2.4 Chaining....................................................................................................................................................... 26
`B.3
`Error handling.............................................................................................................................................. 27
`B.3.1 Exchange of I-blocks .................................................................................................................................. 27
`B.3.2 Request for waiting time extension........................................................................................................... 28
`B.3.3 DESELECT ................................................................................................................................................... 30
`B.3.4 Chaining....................................................................................................................................................... 30
`Annex C (informative) Block and frame coding overview .................................................................................... 33
`
`iv
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 4
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`Foreword
`
`ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
`form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
`participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
`respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
`collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
`liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
`
`International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
`
`In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
`Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
`Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
`
`International Standard ISO/IEC 14443-4 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
`technology, Subcommittee SC 17, Identification cards and related devices.
`
`ISO/IEC 14443 consists of the following parts, under the general title Identification cards — Contactless integrated
`circuit(s) cards — Proximity cards:
`
`œ Part 1: Physical characteristics
`
`œ Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface
`
`œ Part 3: Initialization and anticollision
`
`œ Part 4: Transmission protocol
`
`Annexes A, B and C of this part of ISO/IEC 14443 are for information only.
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`v
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 5
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`Introduction
`
`ISO/IEC 14443 is one of a series of International Standards describing the parameters for identification cards as
`defined in ISO/IEC 7810, and the use of such cards for international interchange.
`
`The protocol as defined in this part of ISO/IEC 14443 is capable of transferring the application protocol data units
`as defined in ISO/IEC 7816-4. Thus application protocol data units may be mapped as defined in ISO/IEC 7816-4
`and application selection may be used as defined ISO/IEC 7816-5.
`
`ISO/IEC 14443 is intended to allow operation of proximity cards in the presence of other contactless cards
`conforming to ISO/IEC 10536 and ISO/IEC 15693.
`
`The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) draw
`attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this part of ISO/IEC 14443 may involve the use of
`patents.
`
`ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right.
`
`The holders of these patent rights have assured ISO and IEC that they are willing to negotiate licences under
`reasonable and non discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect, the
`statements of the holders of patent rights are registered with ISO and IEC. Information may be obtained from:
`
`US Patent US5359323
`
`FRANCE TELECOM
`Centre National d’Etudes des Télécommunications
`38-40 rue de Général Leclerc
`92794 Issy-les-Molineaux
`Cedex 9
`France
`
`MOTOROLA
`Motorola ESG
`207 route de Ferney
`P O Box 15
`1218 Grand-Saconnex
`Geneva
`Switzerland
`
`OMRON
`Intellectual Property Department
`Law & Intellectual Property H.Q.
`20, Igadera Shimokaiinji
`Nagaokakyo City
`Kyoto 617-8510
`Japan
`
`ON-TRACK INNOVATIONS
`Z.H.R. Industrial Zone
`P O Box 32
`Rosh-Pina 12000
`Israel
`
`JP 2129209, JP 2561051, JP 2981517
`
`Contactless Responding Unit
`
`Patent EP 0 492 569 B1
`
`A system and method for the non-contact
`transmission of data.
`
`vi
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 6
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`The following companies may hold patents relating to this part of ISO/IEC 14443 but have not provided details of
`the patents or agreed to provide licences.
`
`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`US 4 650 981
`
`US Patent No. 4, 661,691
`
`WO 89 05549 A
`
`WAYNE S FOLETTA
`CA 95129, USA
`4760 Castlewood Drive
`San Jose, California CA 9512
`USA
`
`JOHN W HALPERN
`C/O Vincent M DeLuca
`Rothwell, Figg, Ernst & Kurz, p.c.
`555 Thirteenth Street, N.W.
`Suite 701 East Tower
`Washington, D.C. 20004
`
`MAGELLAN CORPORATION
`8717 Research Drive
`Irvine
`CA 92618
`USA
`
`Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/IEC 14443 may be the subject of
`patent rights other than those identified above. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
`such patent rights.
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`vii
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 7
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 8
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 8
` Apple v. Fintiv
`Apple v. Fintiv
`|PR2020-00019
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
`
`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards —
`Proximity cards — Part 4: Transmission protocol
`
`1 Scope
`
`This part of ISO/IEC 14443 specifies a half-duplex block transmission protocol featuring the special needs of a
`contactless environment and defines the activation and deactivation sequence of the protocol.
`
`This part of ISO/IEC 14443 is intended to be used in conjunction with other parts of ISO/IEC 14443 and is
`applicable to proximity cards of Type A and Type B.
`
`2 Normative references
`
`The following normative documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions
`of this part of ISO/IEC 14443. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
`publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC 14443 are encouraged to
`investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
`undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
`maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
`
`ISO/IEC 7816-3, Information technology – Identification cards – Integrated circuit(s) cards with contacts – Part 3:
`Electronic signals and transmission protocols.
`
`ISO/IEC 7816-4, Information technology – Identification cards – Integrated circuit(s) cards with contacts – Part 4:
`Interindustry commands for interchange.
`
`ISO/IEC 7816-5, Identification cards – Integrated circuit(s) cards with contacts – Part 5: Numbering system and
`registration procedure for application identifiers.
`
`ISO/IEC 14443-2, Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards – Proximity cards – Part 2: Radio
`frequency power and signal interface.
`
`ISO/IEC 14443-3, Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards – Proximity cards – Part 3:
`Initialization and anticollision.
`
`3 Terms and definitions
`
`For the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 14443, the following terms and definitions apply.
`
`3.1
`bit duration
`one elementary time unit (etu), calculated by the following formula:
`
`1 etu = 128 / (D x fc)
`
`The initial value of the divisor D is 1, giving the initial etu as follows:
`
`1 etu = 128 / fc
`
`Where fc is the carrier frequency as defined in ISO/IEC 14443-2.
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`1
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 9
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`3.2
`block
`special type of frame, which contains a valid protocol data format
`
`NOTE
`
`A valid protocol data format includes I-blocks, R-blocks or S-blocks.
`
`3.3
`invalid block
`type of frame, which contains an invalid protocol format
`
`NOTE
`
`A time-out, when no frame has been received, is not interpreted as an invalid block.
`
`3.4
`frame
`sequence of bits as defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3
`
`NOTE
`
`The PICC Type A uses the standard frame defined for Type A and the PICC Type B uses the frame defined for
`Type B.
`
`4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
`
`ACK
`
`ATS
`
`ATQA
`
`ATQB
`
`CID
`
`CRC
`
`D
`
`DR
`
`DRI
`
`DS
`
`DSI
`
`EDC
`
`etu
`
`fc
`
`FSC
`
`FSCI
`
`FSD
`
`FSDI
`
`FWI
`
`2
`
`positive ACKnowledgement
`
`Answer To Select
`
`Answer To reQuest, Type A
`
`Answer To reQuest, Type B
`
`Card IDentifier
`
`Cyclic Redundancy Check, as defined for each PICC Type in ISO/IEC 14443-3
`
`Divisor
`
`Divisor Receive (PCD to PICC)
`
`Divisor Receive Integer (PCD to PICC)
`
`Divisor Send (PICC to PCD)
`
`Divisor Send Integer (PICC to PCD)
`
`Error Detection Code
`
`elementary time unit
`
`carrier frequency
`
`Frame Size for proximity Card
`
`Frame Size for proximity Card Integer
`
`Frame Size for proximity coupling Device
`
`Frame Size for proximity coupling Device Integer
`
`Frame Waiting time Integer
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 10
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`FWT
`
`Frame Waiting Time
`
`FWTTEMP
`
`temporary Frame Waiting Time
`
`HLTA
`
`I-block
`
`INF
`
`MAX
`
`MIN
`
`NAD
`
`NAK
`
`OSI
`
`PCB
`
`PCD
`
`PICC
`
`PPS
`
`PPSS
`
`PPS0
`
`PPS1
`
`R-block
`
`R(ACK)
`
`R(NAK)
`
`RATS
`
`REQA
`
`RFU
`
`HALT Command, Type A
`
`Information block
`
`INformation Field
`
`Index to define a maximum value
`
`Index to define a minimum value
`
`Node ADdress
`
`Negative AcKnowledgement
`
`Open Systems Interconnection
`
`Protocol Control Byte
`
`Proximity Coupling Device
`
`Proximity Card
`
`Protocol and Parameter Selection
`
`Protocol and Parameter Selection Start
`
`Protocol and Parameter Selection parameter 0
`
`Protocol and Parameter Selection parameter 1
`
`Receive ready block
`
`R-block containing a positive acknowledge
`
`R-block containing a negative acknowledge
`
`Request for Answer To Select
`
`REQuest Command, Type A
`
`Reserved for Future Use
`
`S-block
`
`Supervisory block
`
`SAK
`
`SFGI
`
`SFGT
`
`WUPA
`
`WTX
`
`WTXM
`
`Select AcKnowledge
`
`Start-up Frame Guard time Integer
`
`Start-up Frame Guard Time
`
`Wake-Up Command, Type A
`
`Waiting Time eXtension
`
`Waiting Time eXtension Multiplier
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`3
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 11
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`5 Protocol activation of PICC Type A
`
`The following activation sequence shall be applied:
`
`œ PICC activation sequence as defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3 (request, anticollision loop and select).
`
`œ At the beginning the SAK byte shall be checked for availability of an ATS. The SAK is defined in
`ISO/IEC 14443-3.
`
`œ The PICC may be set to HALT state, using the HLTA Command as defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3, if no ATS is
`available.
`
`œ The RATS may be sent by the PCD as next command after receiving the SAK if an ATS is available.
`
`œ The PICC shall send its ATS as answer to the RATS. The PICC shall only answer to the RATS if the RATS is
`received directly after the selection.
`
`œ
`
`If the PICC supports any changeable parameters in the ATS, a PPS request may be used by the PCD as the
`next command after receiving the ATS to change parameters.
`
`œ The PICC shall send a PPS Response as answer to the PPS request.
`
`A PICC does not need to implement the PPS, if it does not support any changeable parameters in the ATS.
`
`The PCD activation sequence for a PICC Type A is shown in Figure 1.
`
`4
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 12
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`ISO/IEC14443-3
`
`Send WUPA
`
`Send HLTA
`
`Non
`ISO/IEC 14443-4
`protocol
`
`Receive DESELECT Response
`
`Send DESELECT Request
`
`Field On
`
`Send REQA
`
`Receive ATQA
`
`Anticollision
`loop
`
`ATS
`available?
`
`no
`
`yes
`
`Use
`ISO/IEC 14443-4
`protocol?
`
`no
`
`yes
`
`Send RATS
`
`Receive ATS
`
`PPS
`supported?
`
`yes
`
`5
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 13
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`ISO/IEC14443-4
`
`no
`
`Parameter
`change?
`
`yes
`
`no
`
`Send PPS Request
`
`Receive PPS Response
`
`Exchange
`Transparent
`Data
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`Figure 1 — Activation of a PICC Type A by a PCD
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`5.1 Request for answer to select
`
`This clause defines the RATS with all its fields (see Figure 2).
`
`’E0’
`
`Start byte
`
`Parameter
`
`Parameter byte
`codes FSDI and CID
`. .
`..
`.
`
`CRC1
`
`CRC2
`
`Figure 2 — Request for answer to select
`The parameter byte consists of two parts (see Figure 3):
`
`œ The most significant half-byte b8 to b5 is called FSDI and codes FSD. The FSD defines the maximum size of a
`frame the PCD is able to receive. The coding of FSD is given in Table 1.
`
`œ The least significant half byte b4 to b1 is named CID and it defines the logical number of the addressed PICC
`in the range from 0 to 14. The value 15 is RFU. The CID is specified by the PCD and shall be unique for all
`PICCs, which are in the ACTIVE state at the same time. The CID is fixed for the time the PICC is active and
`the PICC shall use the CID as its logical identifier, which is contained in the first error-free RATS received.
`
`b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
`
`CID
`FSDI
`Figure 3 — Coding of RATS parameter byte
`
`‘1’
`
`24
`
`‘2’
`
`32
`
`Table 1 — FSDI to FSD conversion
`‘4’
`‘5’
`‘6’
`‘3’
`
`40
`
`48
`
`64
`
`96
`
`FSDI
`
`FSD
`(bytes)
`
`‘0’
`
`16
`
`‘7’
`
`128
`
`‘8’
`
`256
`
`‘9’-‘F’
`
`RFU
`>256
`
`5.2 Answer to select
`
`This clause defines the ATS with all its available fields (see Figure 4).
`
`In the case that one of the defined fields is not present in an ATS sent by a PICC the default values for that field
`shall apply.
`
`6
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 14
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`5.2.1 Structure of the bytes
`
`Figure 4 — Structure of the ATS
`
`The length byte TL is followed by a variable number of optional subsequent bytes in the following order:
`
`œ
`
`format byte T0,
`
`œ
`
`interface bytes TA(1), TB(1), TC(1) and
`
`œ historical bytes T1 to Tk.
`
`5.2.2 Length byte
`
`The length byte TL is mandatory and specifies the length of the transmitted ATS including itself. The two CRC
`bytes are not included in TL. The maximum size of the ATS shall not exceed the indicated FSD. Therefore the
`maximum value of TL shall not exceed FSD-2.
`
`5.2.3 Format byte
`
`The format byte T0 is optional and is present as soon as the length is greater than 1. The ATS can only contain the
`following optional bytes when this format byte is present.
`
`T0 consists of three parts (see Figure 5):
`
`œ The most significant bit b8 shall be set to 0. The value 1 is RFU.
`
`œ The bits b7 to b5 contain Y(1) indicating the presence of subsequent interface bytes TC(1), TB(1) and TA(1).
`
`œ The least significant half byte b4 to b1 is called FSCI and codes FSC. The FSC defines the maximum size of a
`frame accepted by the PICC. The default value of FSCI is 2 and leads to a FSC of 32 bytes. The coding of
`FSC is equal to the coding of FSD (see Table 1).
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`7
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 15
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
`0
`
`FSCI
`TA(1) is transmitted, if bit is set to 1
`TB(1) is transmitted, if bit is set to 1
`TC(1) is transmitted, if bit is set to 1
`shall be set to 0, 1 is RFU
`Figure 5 — Coding of format byte
`
`Y(1)
`
`5.2.4
`
`Interface byte TA(1)
`
`The interface byte TA(1) consists of four parts (see Figure 6):
`
`œ The most significant bit b8 codes the possibility to handle different divisors for each direction. When this bit is
`set to 1 the PICC is unable to handle different divisors for each direction.
`
`œ The bits b7 to b5 code the bit rate capability of the PICC for the direction from PICC to PCD, called DS. The
`default value shall be (000)b.
`
`œ The bit b4 shall be set to (0)b and the other value is RFU.
`
`œ The bits b3 to b1 code the bit rate capability of the PICC for the direction from PCD to PICC, called DR. The
`default value shall be (000)b.
`
`b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
`0
`
`DR=2 supported, if bit is set to 1
`DR=4 supported, if bit is set to 1
`DR=8 supported, if bit is set to 1
`shall be set to 0, 1 is RFU
`DS=2 supported, if bit is set to 1
`DS=4 supported, if bit is set to 1
`DS=8 supported, if bit is set to 1
`Only the same D for both directions
`supported, if bit is set to 1
`Different D for each direction
`supported, if bit is set to 0
`Figure 6 — Coding of interface byte TA(1)
`The selection of a specific divisor D for each direction may be done by the PCD using a PPS.
`
`5.2.5
`
`Interface byte TB(1)
`
`The interface byte TB(1) conveys information to define the frame waiting time and the start-up frame guard time.
`
`The interface byte TB(1) consists of two parts (see Figure 7):
`
`œ The most significant half-byte b8 to b5 is called FWI and codes FWT (see 7.2).
`
`8
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 16
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`œ The least significant half byte b4 to b1 is called SFGI and codes a multiplier value used to define the SFGT.
`The SFGT defines a specific guard time needed by the PICC before it is ready to receive the next frame after it
`has sent the ATS. SFGI is coded in the range from 0 to 14. The value of 15 is RFU. The value of 0 indicates no
`SFGT needed and the values in the range from 1 to 14 are used to calculate the SFGT with the formula given
`below. The default value of SFGI is 0.
`
`b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
`
`SFGI
`FWI
`Figure 7 — Coding of interface byte TB(1)
`SFGT is calculated by the following formula:
`
`SFGT = (256 x 16 / fc) x 2SFGI
`
`SFGTMIN = minimum value of the frame delay time as defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3
`
`SFGTDEFAULT = minimum value of the frame delay time as defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3
`
`SFGTMAX = ~4949 ms
`
`5.2.6
`
`Interface byte TC(1)
`
`The interface byte TC(1) specifies a parameter of the protocol.
`
`The specific interface byte TC(1) consists of two parts (see Figure 8):
`
`œ The most significant bits b8 to b3 shall be (000000)b and all other values are RFU.
`
`œ The bits b2 and b1 define which optional fields in the prologue field a PICC does support. The PCD is allowed
`to skip fields, which are supported by the PICC, but a field not supported by the PICC shall never be
`transmitted by the PCD. The default value shall be (10)b indicating CID supported and NAD not supported.
`
`b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
`0
`0
`0
`0
`0
`0
`
`NAD supported, if bit is set to 1
`CID supported, if bit is set to 1
`shall be set to (000000)b, all other values are RFU
`Figure 8 — Coding of interface byte TC(1)
`
`5.2.7 Historical bytes
`
`The historical bytes T1 to Tk are optional and designate general information. The maximum length of the ATS gives
`the maximum possible number of historical bytes. ISO/IEC 7816-4 specifies the content of the historical bytes.
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`9
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 17
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`5.3 Protocol and parameter selection request
`
`PPS request contains the start byte that is followed by two parameter bytes (see Figure 9).
`
`Start byte
`
`PPSS
`
`PPS0
`
`PPS1
`
`CRC1
`
`CRC2
`
`Parameter 0
`codes presence of PPS1
`Parameter 1
`codes DRI and DSI
`
`. .
`
`. .
`
`. .
`
`. .
`
`. .
`
`Figure 9 — Protocol and parameter selection request
`
`5.3.1 Start byte
`
`PPSS consists of two parts (see Figure 10):
`
`œ The most significant half byte b8 to b5 shall be set to ‘D’ and identifies the PPS.
`
`œ The least significant half byte b4 to b1 is named CID and it defines the logical number of the addressed PICC.
`
`b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
`1
`0
`1
`1
`
`CID
`shall be set to 1, 0 is RFU
`shall be set to 0, 1 is RFU
`shall be set to (11)b, all other values are RFU
`Figure 10 — Coding of PPSS
`
`10
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 18
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`5.3.2 Parameter 0
`
`PPS0 indicates the presence of the optional byte PPS1 (see Figure 11).
`
`b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
`0
`0
`0
`0
`0
`0
`1
`
`shall be set to 1, 0 is RFU
`shall be set to (000)b, all other values are RFU
`PPS1 is transmitted, if bit is set to 1
`shall be set to (000)b, all other values are RFU
`Figure 11 — Coding of PPS0
`
`5.3.3 Parameter 1
`
`PPS1 consists of three parts (see Figure 12):
`
`œ The most significant half byte b8 to b5 shall be (0000)b and all other values are RFU.
`
`œ The bits b4 and b3 are called DSI and code the selected divisor integer from PICC to PCD.
`
`œ The bits b2 and b1 are called DRI and code the selected divisor integer from PCD to PICC.
`
`b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1
`0
`0
`0
`0
`
`DRI
`DSI
`shall be set to (0000)b, all other values are RFU
`Figure 12 — Coding of PPS1
`For the definition of DS and DR, see 5.2.4.
`
`The coding of D is given in Table 2.
`
`Table 2 — DRI, DSI to D conversion
`DRI, DSI
`(00)b
`(01)b
`(10)b
`(11)b
`
`D
`
`1
`
`2
`
`4
`
`8
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All rights reserved
`
`11
`
`Apple Ex. 1031, p. 19
` Apple v. Fintiv
` IPR2020-00019
`
`

`

`ISO/IEC 14443-4:2001(E)
`
`5.4 Protocol and parameter selection response
`
`The PPS response acknowledges the received PPS request (see Figure 13) and it contains only the start byte (see
`5.3.1).
`
`Start byte
`
`PPSS
`
`CRC1
`
`CRC2
`
`Figure 13 — Protocol and parameter selection response
`
`5.5 Activation frame waiting time
`
`The activation frame waiting time defines the maximum time for a PICC to start sending its response frame after
`the end of a frame received from the PCD and has a value of 65536/fc (~4833 µs).
`
`NOTE
`
`The minimum time between frames in any direction is defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3.
`
`5.6 Error detection and recovery
`
`5.6.1 Handling of RATS and ATS
`
`5.6.1.1
`
`PCD rules
`
`When the PCD has sent the RATS and receives a valid ATS the PCD shall continue operation.
`
`In any other case the PCD may retransmit the RATS before it shall use the deactivation sequence as defined in
`clause 8. In case of failure of this deactivation sequence it may use the HLTA Command as defined in ISO/IEC
`14443-3.
`
`5.6.1.2
`
`PICC rules
`
`When the PICC has been selected with the last command and
`
`a) receives a valid RATS, the PICC
`
`œ shall send back its ATS and
`
`œ shall disable the RATS (stop responding to received RATS).
`
`b)
`
`receives any other block valid or invalid, except a HLTA Command, the PICC
`
`œ shall ignore the block and
`
`œ shall remain in receive mode.
`
`12
`
`© ISO/IEC 2001 – All