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`Microsoft·
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`• •
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`om uter
`IC I OJ3'ial Ii,
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`•Fully updated with thelqtest
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`technologies, terms, and acronyms
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`•Easy to read, expertly illustrated
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`•Definitive coverage of hardware,
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`the Internet, and more!.
`software,
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`•7
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` IPR 2019-01655
` Exhibit 2003
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`PUBLISHED BY
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`Microsoft Press
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`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
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`One Microsoft Way
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`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
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`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
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`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
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`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--5th ed.
`p.cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
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`1.Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
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`AQ76.5. M52267 2002
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`004'.03--dc21
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`200219714
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`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
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`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWT 7 6 5 4 3 2
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`Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and Company Ltd.
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`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa
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`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
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`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress.
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`Send comments to mspinp ut@microsoft.com.
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`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
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`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, Directlnput, DirectMusic,
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`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, lntelliEye,
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`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
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`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
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`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
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`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
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`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
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`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
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`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
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`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
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`Acquisitions Editor:
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`Alex Blanton
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`Project Editor:
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`Sandra Haynes
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`Body Part No. X0S-41929
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`rag
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`RAM compression
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`Rag.
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`Ragged right Justified Ragged left
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`memory. SemiconRAM n. Acronym for random access
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`(asymmetric digital subscriber line) that is capable of
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`ductor-based memory that can be read and written by the
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`adjusting transmission speed (bandwidth) based on signal
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`central processing unit (CPU) or other hardware devices.
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`quality and length of the transmission line. As the signal
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`The storage locations can be accessed in any order. Note
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`quality improves or deteriorates while a transmission line
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`that the various types of ROM memory are capable of ran
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`is being used, the transmission speed is adjusted accord
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`dom access but cannot be written to. The term RAM, how
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`ingly. See also ADSL, xDSL.
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`ever, is generally understood to refer to volatile memory
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`rag n. Irregularity along the left or right edge of a set of
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`that can be written to as well as read. Compare core,
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`lines of text on a printed page. Rag complements justifica
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`EPROM, flash memory, PROM, ROM (definition 2).
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`tion, in which one or both edges of the text form a straight
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`RAMAC n. 1. Acronym for Random Access Method of
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`vertical line. See the illustration. See also justify, ragged
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`Accounting Control. Developed by an IBM team led by
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`left, ragged right.
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`Reynold B. Johnson, RAM AC was the first computer disk
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`drive. It was introduced in 1956. The original RAMAC
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`consisted of a stack of 50 24-inch platters, with a storage
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`capacity of 5 megabytes and an average access time of 1
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`second. 2. A high-speed, high-capacity disk storage sys
`tem introduced by IBM in 1994. Based on the original
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`RAMAC storage device, it was designed to fulfill enter
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`prise requirements for efficient and fault-tolerant storage.
`Rambus DRAM n. See RDRAM.
`Rambus dynamic random access memory n. See
`ragged left adj. Of, relating to, or being lines of text
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`RDRAM.
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`whose left ends are not vertically aligned but form an
`RAM cache n. Short for random access memory cache.
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`irregular edge. Text may be right-justified and have a
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`Cache memory that is used by the system to store and
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`ragged left margin. Ragged-left text is used infrequently
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`retrieve data from the RAM. Frequently accessed seg
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`typically, for visual effect in advertisements. See also rag,
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`ments of data may be stored in the cache for quicker
`right-justify.
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`access compared with secondary storage devices such as
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`ragged right adj. Of, relating to, or being lines of text
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`disks. See also cache, RAM.
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`whose right ends are not vertically aligned but form an
`RAM card n. Short for random access memory card. An
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`irregular edge. Letters and other word-processed docu
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`add-in circuit board containing RAM memory and the
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`ments are commonly left-justified, with ragged-right mar
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`interface logic necessary to decode memory addresses.
`gins. See also left-justify, rag.
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`n. See memory cartridge.
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`( or array of independent RAID n. Acronym for redundant
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`RAM cartridge
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`inexpensive) disks. A data storage method in which data is
`RAM chip n. Short for random access memory chip. A �
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`distributed across a group of computer disk drives that
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`semiconductor storage device. RAM chips can be either
`a....11
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`function as a single storage unit. All the information
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`dynamic or static memory. See also dynamic RAM, RAM,
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`stored on each of the disks is duplicated on other disks in
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`static RAM.
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`the array. This redundancy ensures that no information
`n. Short for random access memory
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`RAM compression
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`will be lost if one of the disks fails. RAID is generally
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`This technology was an attempt by a number
`compression.
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`used on network servers where data accessibility is critical
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`of software vendors to solve the problem of running out of
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`and fault tolerance is required. There are various defined
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`global memory under Windows 3.x. Compression of the
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`levels of RAID, each offering differing trade-offs among
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`usual contents of RAM may lessen the system's need to
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`access speed, reliability, and cost. See also disk controller,
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`read or write to virtual (hard disk-based) memory and thus
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`error-correction coding, Hamming code, hard disk, parity
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`speed up the system, as virtual memory is much slower than
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`bit, server ( definition 1).
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`physical RAM. Because of the falling prices of RAM and
`RAID array n. See RAID.
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`the introduction of operating systems that handle RAM
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`437
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