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`vPROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENT COVER SHEET(Large Entity)
`tg
`This is a request for filing a PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENTunder 37 CFR1.53 (c).
`—j
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`uh.
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`aU
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`I
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`Ripil ase type a plus sign (+) inside this
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` —»| +
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`Docket Number:
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`967P
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`00/¢t/r0qn
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`
`a
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`Lake Grove, New York
`Shellhammer
`c=
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`Port Washington, New York
`Sharony
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`Setauket, New York
`Biuso
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`Connolly
`StonyBrook, New York
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`x Additional inventors are being named on page 2 attached hereto
`0==
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`TITLE OF THE INVENTION(280 characters max)
`COEXISTENCE TECHNIQUESIN WIRELESS NETWORKS
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`[Page 1 of
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`Ex. 1007 / Page 1 of 23 PisLaRGE/REVo4
`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
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`Ex. 1007 / Page 1 of 23
`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
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` Docket Number: |
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`967P
`
`
`
`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENT COVER SHEET(Large Entity)
`
`Given Name(first and middle [if any])
`
`Family Name or Surname
`
`Residence (city and either State or Foreign Country)
`
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`Sackett
`Cabana
`Tilley
`Beach
`
`Rocky Point, New York
`Centereach, New York
`Coram, New York
`Los Altos, California
`
`
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`Certificate of Mailing by Express Mail
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`| certify that this application and enclosed fee is being
`deposited on
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`[Page 2 of 2]
`Ex. 1007 / Page 2 of 23 Prarcemevos
`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
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`Ex. 1007 / Page 2 of 23
`ERICSSON v. UNILOC
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`COEXISTENCE TECHNIQUES IN WIRELESS NETWORKS
`
`Attorney Docket 967P
`
`BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
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`This invention relates to wireless data communications networks, and in particular
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`to arrangements for ensuring coexistence between wireless networks that share the same
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`frequency band with different operating protocols.
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`
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`Wireless devices communicate with one another using agreed-uponprotocols that
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`are transmitted in predefined frequency bands. Often, devices using one or more wireless
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`protocols may operate by transmission within the same frequency band.It is therefore necessary
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`to develop coordination techniquesin order for devices using one or more wireless protocols to
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`efficiently operate in the same bandoffrequencies at the sametime.
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`For example, the assignee ofthe present invention supplies wireless data
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`communications systems known as the Spectrum 24® System that follows the communications
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`protocol of IEEE 802.11 Standard (802.11), which is hereby incorporated byreference. In the
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`system as implemented, mobile units (MUs) are in data communication with a central computer
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`through access points (APs). The APs communicate with the computer over an Ethernet wired
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`network. Each of the MUsassociates itself with one of the APs. As defined in 802.1 1, this
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`communications protocol uses the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band.
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`20
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`As currently designed, 802.11 devices may use several predefined methods for
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`transmission within the 2.4 GHz bandto perform as a wireless local area network. One method
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`is to use a frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) mechanism whereindata is transmitted
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`]
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`for a certain period oftime in a particular channel and, following a pseudorandom sequence,
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`continues transmission at a different channel for the same predetermined length of time. As
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`currently designed, 802.11 devices operate at a frequency hoppingrate of 10 hops/second.
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`Another methodis to use a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) mechanism wherein the data
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`is transmitted in a predetermined frequency channel and is multiplied by a pseudorandom
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`chipping sequence during transmission.
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`Asall 802.11 devices use the same ISM frequency band, interference among these
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`
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`devices is minimized by use of a Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance
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`(CSMA/CA)protocol. Under CSMA/CA,an 8021.11 device listens for another's devices
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`transmission prior to initiating its own transmission. If no other transmission is detected, the
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`device transmits its information and waits for an acknowledgementfrom the receiving device. If
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`no acknowledgementofreceipt is received after a pre-determined time interval, the device will
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`retransmit after waiting for a randomly choseninterval oftime. Thus, if two or more devices
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`began transmitting coincidentallyat the same time andthe resulting interference blocksall of the
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`transmissions, each device will wait a random amountoftime to attempt a retransmission. This
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`allows the devices to transmit at different times.
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`Another example ofa wireless specification that also uses the 2.4 GHz frequency
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`band is Bluetooth™, which is designed for communication among devices within a short range
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`using a lower amount of power. Ascurrently designed, Bluetooth operates using a frequency
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`20
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`hopping spread spectrum mechanism at a rate of 1600 hops/second. Bluetooth uses a
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`master/slave system of communication. One example of a Bluetooth network may be a mobile
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`device attached to the user's belt that communicates with a cordless ring scanner.
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`Inthis case,
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`the mobile device would operate as the master and the cordless ring scanner would operate as the
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`slave. In this system for data transmission, the master and slave only communicate at predefined
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`intervals. Atthe first interval, the master may communicate to a first slave device, which may
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`only respond during the second interval. At the third interval, a master may communicate to a
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`second slave device, which may only respond during a fourth interval. By using this system,it is
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`ensured that only one device within a particular Bluetooth piconetis transmitting at any
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`particular time. Thus, interference is minimized.
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`Additionally, it is desirable for one Bluetooth piconet to operate in close
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`proximity with another, separate Bluetooth piconet. Because there are 79 different frequency
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`channels used by Bluetooth, different Bluetooth networks are unlikely to be operating on the
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`same frequency at the same time. Interference between the separate Bluetooth piconetsis thus
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`minimized. This allows, for example, multiple individuals working in close proximity with one
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`to each have his or her own mobile unit along with a cordless ring scanner.
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`Along with the need to operate multiple networks of the same protocol in close
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`proximity, there is also a recognized needin the art to coordinate the transmissions of devices
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`operating under different protocols that use the same frequency band. For example, it may be
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`desirable to use a cordless ring scanner that communicates with belt mounted terminal using the
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`Bluetooth protocol while the same terminal communicates with an access point using the 802.11
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`
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`20
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`protocol. For example, once the user scansa bar code using the cordless ring scanner, the bar
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`code information maybesent to the belt-mounted terminal. That bar code information then may
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`be transmitted to the 802.11 AP. Then an acknowledgment, and possibly a message, may need
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`to be sent from the AP backto the belt-mounted terminal. The terminal mayalso need to
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`communicate with other Bluetooth enabled peripherals like a printer or a headset. Although
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`communication protocols such as 802.11 and Bluetooth are designed to ensure that devices using
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`the same protocol may operate in the same frequency band with a minimum ofinterference, there
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`has heretofore been no method of coordination for the use of these wireless devices in the same
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`frequency operating underdifferent communication protocols.
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`It is therefore an object of this invention to utilize coordination techniquesto
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`ensure that, for example, both Bluetooth and 802.11 enabled devices, may operate robustly in the
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`same frequency bandat the sametime.
`
`Summary of The Invention
`
`An embodimentof the present invention includesa first radio transceiver
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`operating in accordance with a first communication protocol (which may be the 802.11 protocol)
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`and using a frequency band (which may be the 2.4 GHz band), a base station connected to a
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`wired network and operating in accordance with the first communication protocol, a second
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`radio transceiver operating in accordance with a second communication protocol (which may be
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`the Bluetooth protocol) and using the frequency band, and a coordinator associated with the base
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`station for, in turn, activating the first radio transceiver, deactivating the first radio transceiver,
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`20
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`activating the second radio transceiver, and deactivating the second radio transceiver.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`Figure 1 is a block diagram of a wireless communications system using 802.11
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`and Bluetooth devices at the same time.
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`Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodimentofthe present invention
`
`illustrating a coordinated timeline between the operation of 802.11 and Bluetooth devices,
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`Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodimentof the present invention
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`illustrating another coordinated timeline between the operation of 802.11 and Bluetooth devices.
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`Figure 4 is a block diagram of a wireless communications system using 802.11
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`and Bluetooth devices at the same time along with a connect button switch and connected
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`indicators.
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`DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
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`Turing to Figure 1, shown are a plurality of Access Points (APs) 20, 30 that are
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`physically connected 40, 50 to a wired network 10. Each AP contains apparatus 60, 70 for the
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`transmission and reception ofradio frequency (RF)signals underthe 802.11 protocol. Also
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`using the 802.11 protocol, a plurality of mobile units (MUs) 120, 140 communicate using
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`apparatus 80, 90 for the transmission and reception of RF signals. Each MU 120, 140 may also
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`be associated with a Bluetooth Master (BTM)device 130, 150, which together make up a dual
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`modedevices 100, 110. The association between the MU and BTM maybe, for example, by
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`way of being physically housed in the same unit. An example of a dual modedevice 100, 110
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`5 2
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`0
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`may be portable terminal worn onabelt.
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`Each BTM 130, 150 communicates with a plurality of Bluetooth Slave (BTS)
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`devices 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210 via the Bluetooth protocol. The Bluetooth protocolis
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`established such that each BTSis uniquely associated with only one BTM. Thus,asillustrated,
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`BTSIA 160, BTS1B 170, and BTSIC 180 communicate using RF signals 220, 230, 240 only
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`with BTM1 130. This formsa piconet 280. Correspondingly, BTS2A 190, BTS2B 200, and
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`BTS2C 210 communicate using RF signals 250, 260, 270 only with BTM2 150. This forms a
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`piconet 290. An example of a BTS maybe a cordless ring scanner, a printer, or personal data
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`managing device.
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`With no coordination, there will be times when the BTM 130, 150 and the MU
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`120, 140 attempt to operate at the exact same time. Since the two devices operate in the same 2.4
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`GHz ISM frequency band the BTM 130, 150 and the MU 120, 140 mayseverely interfere with
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`one another, especially if they are housed in a dual mode device 100, 110. Therefore, there is a
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`need for coordination between the two devices. One such coordination schemeis primarily
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`based on time multiplexing of the 802.11 and BT radios, which is especially suitable for a
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`controlled environment(e.g., the 802.11 and BT radios are housedin the same terminal or dual
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`mode device). In this embodiment, the Bluetooth systems are enabled or disabled according to a
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`global/central signal from the 802.1] AP as describedherein.
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`
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`In a further embodiment, the dual mode devices 100, 110 may be designed such
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`20
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`that the 802.11 antennas 80, 90 are of the opposite polarization than the Bluetooth antennas used
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`to generate RF signals 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270. This technique may provide additional
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`protection from 802.11/Bluetooth interference and does not require the need for centralized
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`control.
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`In a further embodiment, the BTMs 130, 150 may be designed to transmit at a
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`relatively low powerlevel such as lower than 0 dBm. This technique may provide additional
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`protection from 802.1 1/Bluetooth interference and may be used with other frequency
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`coordination methods discussed herein.
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`In a further embodiment, the 802.11 APs 20, 30 and MUs 120, 140 may be
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`designed to operate in one portion ofthe 2.4 GHz spectrum, while the BTMs 130, 150 and BTSs
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`160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210 may be designed to operate in another portion ofthe 2.4 GHz
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`spectrum.
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`In a further embodiment, the BTMs 130, 150 may be equipped with a look-ahead
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`function to determine which frequencies within the 2.4 GHz band will be used for the time for
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`two or more future Bluetooth frequencyhops to occur. If the BTM 130, 150 determines that one
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`ofthe next two or more frequency hopswill use the same frequency that the 802.11 system is
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`using, the BTMs 130, 150 will blank their output thus reducing the effect of the interference on
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`the 802.11 transmissions. By using this method,interference between Bluetooth and 302.11
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`could be reducedoreliminatedat the expense of dropping a couple of packets when channel
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`overlap occurs. This approach may also be expandedto includethe blanking of adjacent
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`channels that mayalso interfere with the 802.11 transmissions.
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`
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`20
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`Referring nowto the schematic of Figure 2 in conjunction with the physical
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`layout shown in Figure 1, every 802.11 beacon period, T 300, may be divided into three regions:
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`802.11 communications in the power saving (PSP) mode- tgp,; ;psp 310, Bluetooth
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`communications — ty,y 320, and 802.11 communications in the active mode CAM — teoo11CAM
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`330. The numerical values ofT,tego.11psp» tuays 2d tego11¢an, depend ontraffic characteristics and
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`application needs(e.g., time critical services). At the beginning of each beacon period 300 an AP
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`20 sends a beacon B 350 to the 802.11 PSP MU’s 120, 140that wakeupin this period (some
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`PSP MU’s may wakeup in a different beacon). Duringthis period the PSP MU's 120, 140
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`receive and transmit their packets according to the 802.11 protocol. Once all the PSP MU’s 120,
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`140 receive their packets, the AP 20, will send a global Clear to Send (CTS) signal 430 to shut
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`down all the 802.11 communications for a NAV (Network Allocation Vector) period. Atthis
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`point the 802.11 MUs 120, 140 will enable the BTMs 130, 150 (which maybe housedin the
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`same dual mode devices 100, 110) so the piconets 280, 290 associated with these BTMs 130, 150
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`may begin BT communications 360, 370. After completion of the NAV period 320 the BTMs
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`130, 150 radio are disabled and all BT communications is ceased. Therest of the time (until the
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`next beacon 380) is dedicated for 802.11 Continuously Aware Mode (CAM) MU’s (not shown)
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`that operate according to the 802.11 protocol.
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`In a further embodiment, the t,o,,,»sp 310 period may be eliminated if the MUs do
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`not operate in PSP mode. Here, the CTSsignal 340 wouldtriggeronly a ty, 320 and teo2.11cAM
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`330 period for every 802.11 beacon period, T 300.
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`
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`In a further embodiment,thety. ,;¢,y 330 period may beeliminated if the MUs do
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`20
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`not operate in CAM mode. Here, the CTS signal 340 wouldtrigger only a ty, 320 and teo211psp
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`310 period for every 802.11 beacon period, T 300.
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`tn a further embodiment, the Bluetooth systems are enabled or disabled according to
`
`a global/central signal from the dual mode devices 100, 110 instead of from an AP 20.
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`A further embodimentof the present invention may be demonstratedbyreferring to
`
`the schematic of Figure 3 in conjunction with the physical layout shown in Figure 1. In this
`
`approachthere is no need for the 802.11 APs to coordinate between Bluetooth and 802.11
`
`transmission. Instead, the Bluetooth network operates in the ordinary course until a 8021.11 MU
`
`instructs the Bluetooth mastersto stop transmitting messages to the Bluetooth slaves. When using
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`Asynchronous Connectionless (ACS) packets, the Bluetooth master controls access to the medium
`
`for its piconet. Thus,if the masters stops transmitting the slaves stop as well. Once the 802.11 MU
`
`has completed its communication, the Bluetooth masters are allowed to resume communicating
`
`with the Bluetooth slaves. This techniqueis especially useful when all the 802.11 MUsare in PSP
`
`mode, because these devicesare in suspended mode during mostofthe time.
`
`As shown in Figure 3, when the MU 120 desiresto initiate 802.11 communication,
`
`its sends a STOPsignal 400 to the BTMs 130, 150. The MU 120 then communicates 450 using the
`
`802.11 protocol with the AP 20. When the MU 120is finished communicating for the period teoo 1
`
`470 andis ready to resume its power save mode, the MU 120 communicates a STARTsignal 410
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`to the BTMs 130, 150. The BTMs 130, 150 maythen proceed to communicate 430, 440 using the
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`BT protocol with their respective BTSs 160, 170, 190, 200 during the period tz, 480. When the
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`MU120 8021.11 terminal“wakes up”to either send data orto listen for a 802.11 beacon from the
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`
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`20
`
`AP 20, the MU 120 sends a STOPsignal 420 to the BTMs 130, 150 to inform then that the MU
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`120is taking over access to the medium. The MU 120 may warn the BTMs120, 150 beforeit
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`needs exclusive use ofthe medium,and this warning may occur, for example, about 4 usec. before
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`access is required. This allows the BTMs 130, 150 to complete several packet transfers and then
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`stop communicating with their respective BTSs 160, 170, 190, 200. Subsequently the MU 120
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`may communicate 460 with the AP 20 for a new period tg,,, 490.
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`Ina further embodiment, a BTS 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210 may be, for example,
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`a headsetor voice transmission device designed to transmit data to the BTMs 110, 130, whichis
`
`then transmitted via the 802.11 network. Although voice information is normally transmitted on a
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`Bluetooth network using the periodic Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) protocol, it would
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`be moreefficient when using Bluetooth and 802.11 to transmit voice over the Bluetooth network
`
`using the ACL protocol that is normally reserved for data transmission only. To use voice
`
`transmission over Bluetooth used in conjunction with the frequency coordination techniques
`
`disclosed herein, the Bluetooth piconet 280, 290 would need to compress and decompress the voice
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`information in order to use the ACL protocol normally reserved for data transmissions.
`
`Anotherissue that results from attempts to coordinate 802.11 and Bluetooth
`
`devicesis ensuring that the lower power Bluetooth devices are actually operating in conjunction
`
`with the higher power 802.11 devices. In this regard, a further embodimentofthe present
`
`invention may be demonstrated by referring to Figure 4. Figure 4 is substantially similar to
`
`Figure 1, with the addition of a connectbutton 500 thatis linked to the MUs 120, 140 ofthe
`
`
`
`
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`802.11 network via connectors 510, 520 and lights 530, 540. The connect button 500, may be
`
`20 |
`
`physically mounted on a dual mode devices 100, 110. Whenactivated by the user, the connect
`
`button 500 instructs the mobile units 120, 140 to stop transmitting (timeout) for a preset amount
`
`10
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`oftime. For example, the timeout could last for 10 seconds. This timeout would allow the
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`Bluetooth piconets 280, 290 to establish operations free from interference from 802.11 devices
`
`for the timeout period. Onceestablished, the piconets 280, 290 may activate lights 530, 540 to
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`assure the user that the Bluetooth piconets 280, 290 have,in fact, been established. Once the
`
`timeoutperiod ends, other methods for frequency coordination as described herein may be
`
`utilized.
`
`While there have been described what are believedto be the preferred
`
`embodiments ofthe present invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that other changes
`
`and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the present
`
`invention, and it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the true
`
`scope of the invention.
`
`
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`11
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`WECLAIM: |
`
`1.
`
`Apparatus for frequency coordination, comprising:
`
`a first radio transceiver operating in accordance with a first communication
`
`protocol and using a frequency band,
`
`a base station connected to a wired network and operating in accordance with the
`
`first communication protocol;
`
`
`
`a second radio transceiver operating in accordance with a second communication
`
`protocol and using the frequency band;
`
`a coordinator associated with the basestation for, in turn, activating the first radio
`
`transceiver, deactivating the first radio transceiver, activating the second radio transceiver, and
`
`deactivating the second radio transceiver.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the frequency band is about 2.4 GHz.
`
`The apparatus of claim 2, whereinthe first communication protocolis the
`
`IEEE 802.11 protocol.
`
`4.
`
`The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second communication protocol is
`
`the Bluetooth protocol.
`
`5.
`
`The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first radio transceiver and the
`
`secondradio transceiver are mounted together in a housing.
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`20
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`belt.
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the housingis suitable for wearing on a
`
`The apparatusof claim 5, further comprising one or more slave devices
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`12
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`associated with the second transceiver and operating in accordance with the second
`
`communication protocol.
`
`8.
`
`The apparatus of claim 7, wherein at least one of the one or more slave
`
`devices is a scanner capable of being worn onauser's finger.
`
`9.
`
`The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the scanneris capable oftransmitting
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`bar code information to the secondtransceiver.
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`10.
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`The apparatus of claim 7, wherein at least one of the one or more slave
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`devicesis a printer.
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`11.
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`The apparatus of claim 7, wherein at least one of the one or more slave
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`devices is a personal data managing device.
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`12.
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`Apparatus for frequency coordination, comprising:
`
`a first radio transceiver operating in accordance with a first communication
`
`protocol and using a frequency band,
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`a base station connected to a wired network and operating in accordance with the
`
`first communication protocol;
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`
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`a secondradio transceiver operating in accordance with a second communication
`
`protocol and using the frequency band, wherein thefirst radio transceiver and the second radio
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`transceiver are mounted together in a housing;
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`a coordinator associated with the housing.for, in turn, activating the first radio
`
`20
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`transceiver, deactivating the first radio transceiver, activating the second radio transceiver, and
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`deactivating the secondradio transceiver.
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`13
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`13.
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`14.
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`The apparatus ofclaim 12, wherein the frequency band is about 2.4 GHz.
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`The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first communication protocolis the
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`IEEE 802.11 protocol.
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`15.
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`The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the second communication protocolis
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`the Bluetooth protocol.
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`16.
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`Apparatus for frequency coordination, comprising:
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`a first radio transceiver operating in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 protocol and
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`using a frequency bandof about 2.4 GHz and havinga first antenna system,
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`a base station connected to a wired network and operating in accordance with the
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`IEEE 802.11 protocol;
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`a second radio transceiver operating in accordance with a Bluetooth protocol and
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`using the frequency band of about 2.4 GHz and havinga second antenna system:
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`wherein the first antenna system and the second antenna system are of the
`
`opposite polarization.
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`17.
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`Apparatus for frequency coordination, comprising:
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`a first radio transceiver operating in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 protocol and
`
`
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`using a frequency band of about 2.4 GHz;
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`a base station connected to a wired network and operating in accordance with the
`
`IEEE 802.11 protocol;
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`20
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`a secondradio transceiver operating in accordance with a Bluetooth protocol and
`
`using the frequency band of about 2.4 GHz;
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`wherein the Bluetooth protocol transmits at power level of about 0 dBm.
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`18.
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`Apparatusfor frequency coordination, comprising:
`
`a first radio transceiver operating in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 protocol and
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`using a frequencyband of about 2.4 GHz, the frequency bandof about 2.4 GHz having two or
`
`more sub-bands;
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`a base station connected to a wired network and operating in accordance with the
`
`IEEE 802.11 protocol;
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`
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`a secondradio transceiver operating in accordance with a Bluetooth protocol and
`
`using the frequency band of about 2.4 GHz;
`
`wherein the 802.11 protocol uses one of the two or more sub-bands and the
`
`Bluetooth protocol uses anotherof the two or more sub-bands.
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`19.
`
`Apparatus for frequency coordination, comprising:
`
`a first radio transceiver operating in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 protocol and
`
`using a frequency bandof about 2.4 GHz,the frequency band of about 2.4 GHz having two or
`
`more sub-bands;
`
`a base station connected to a wired network and operating in accordance with the
`
`IEEE 802.11 protocol;
`
`a second radio transceiver operating in accordance with a Bluetooth protocol and
`
`using the frequency band of about 2.4 GHz;
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`20
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`wherein the second radio transceiver is equipped with a look-ahead function for
`
`determining whether the two or more sub-bandsthat will be used bythefirst radio transceiver
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`15
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`will also be used by the secondtransceiver.
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`20.
`
`Apparatus for frequency coordination, comprising:
`
`a first radio transceiver operating in accordance with a first communication
`
`protocol and using a frequency band,
`
`a base station connected to a wired network and operating in accordance with the
`
`first communication protocol;
`
`a second radio transceiver operating in accordance with a second communication
`
`protocol and using the frequency band;
`
`a coordinator associated with the first radio transceiver for deactivating the second
`
`radio transceiver while the first radio transceiveris in use.
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`
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`16
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`ABSTRACT
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`Described are techniques for frequency coordination among twodifferent wireless
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`networkprotocols, such as the IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth protocols, operating in proximity with
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`one another. Coordination is accomplished by theuseofa first radio transceiver operating in
`
`accordance with a first communication protocol (which maybethe 802.11 protocol) and using a
`
`frequency band (which may be the 2.4 GHz band), a base station connected to a wired network
`
`and operating in accordance with the first communication protocol, a second radio transceiver
`
`operating in accordance with a second communication protocol (which maybe the Bluetooth
`
`protocol) and using the frequency band, and a coordinator associated with the base station for, in
`
`turn,activating the first radio transceiver, deactivating the first radio transceiver, activating the
`
`secondradio transceiver, and deactivating the secondradio transceiver.
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`q2
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`17
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`40
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`
`
`Lo"RTSUR
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`‘SBTM29BTSA
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` [30BTAL
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`i7°$151P
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`CORTSIA
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