THE ULTIMATE COMPUTER REFERENCE
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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means, without the written permission ofthe publisher.
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. -- 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`Previous eds. published undertitle: Microsoft Press computer
`dictionary
`ISBN 0-7356-0615-3
`7
`2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`1. Computers Dictionaries.
`7
`L Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538
`1999
`004'.03--dce21
`
`99-20168CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`123456789 MLML 432109
`Distributed in Canada by ITP Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
`A CIP catalogue record forthis book is available from the British Library.
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further information
`about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press
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`The example companies, organizations, products, people, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa-
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`brightness
`
`browser
`
`the original computer, the Briefcase updatesallfiles
`to the most recent version.
`
`brightness n. The perceived quality of radiance or
`luminosity of a visible object. Brightnessis literally
`in the eye (and mind)of the beholder; a candle in
`the night appears brighter than the same candle un-
`der incandescent lights. Although its subjective
`value cannot be measured with physical instru-
`ments, brightness can be measured as luminance
`(radiant energy). The brightness componentof a
`color is different from its color (the hue) and from
`the intensity of its color (the saturation). See also
`color model, HSB.
`
`British Navel Connector n. See BNC.
`
`broadband adj. Ofor relating to communications
`systems in which the medium of transmission (such
`as a wireor fiber-optic cable) carries multiple mes-
`sages at a time, each message modulated onits own
`carrier frequency by means of modems. Broadband
`communication is found in wide area networks.
`Compare baseband.
`broadband ISDN n. Next-generation ISDN based on
`ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) technology.
`Broadband ISDN divides information into twocat-
`egories: interactive services, which are controlled by
`the user, and distributed (or distribution) services that
`can be broadcast to the user. Acronym: BISDN. See
`also ISDN, ATM (definition 1).
`broadband modem n. A modem for use on a broad-
`band network. Broadbandtechnologyallows several
`networks to coexist on a single cable. Traffic from
`one network does notinterfere with traffic from an-
`other, since the conversations happen on different
`frequencies, rather like the commercial radio system.
`See also broadband network.
`
`broadband network n. A local area network on
`which transmissionstravel as radio-frequency signals
`over separate inbound and outbound channels. Sta-
`tions on a broadband networkare connected by co-
`axial or fiber-optic cable, which can carry data,
`voice, and video simultaneously over multiple trans-
`mission channels that are distinguished by frequency.
`A broadband network is capable of high-speed opera-
`tion (20 megabits or more), but it is more expensive
`than a baseband network and canbedifficult to in-
`
`stall. Such a network is based on the same technol-
`ogy used by cable television (CATV). Also called
`wideband transmission. Compare baseband network,
`broadcast! adj. Sent to more than one recipient. In
`communications and on networks, a broadcast mes-
`sage is one distributedtoall stations. See also e-mail!
`(definition 1).
`broadcast? n. As in radio or television, a transmission
`sent to more than onerecipient.
`broadcast storm n. A network broadcast that causes
`multiple hosts to respond simultaneously, overload-
`ing the network. A broadcast storm may occur when
`old TCP/IP routers are mixed with routers that sup-
`port a new protocol. See also communications proto-
`col, router, TCP/IP.
`
`broken as designed adj. See BAD.
`
`Brouter n. See bridge router.
`brownout n. A condition in which theelectricity level
`is appreciably reducedfor a sustained period oftime.
`In contrast to a blackout, or total loss of power, a
`brownout continues the flow of electricity to all de-
`vices connected to electrical outlets, although at
`lower levels than the normally supplied levels (120
`volts in the United States). A brownout can be ex-
`tremely damaging to sensitive electronic devices,
`such as computers, because the reduced and often
`fluctuating voltage levels can cause components to
`operate for extended periodsof time outside the
`range they were designed to work in. On a computer,
`a brownoutis characterized by a smaller, dimmer,
`and somewhatfluctuating display area on the moni-
`tor and potentially erratic behavior by the system
`unit. The only reliable means of preventing damage
`caused by a brownoutcondition is to use a battery-
`backed uninterruptible power supply (UPS). See also
`UPS. Compare blackout.
`browse vb. To scan a database, a list of files, or the
`Internet, either for a particular item or for anything
`that seems to be of interest. Generally, browsing im-
`plies observing, rather than changing, information. In
`unauthorized computer hacking, browsing is a (pre-
`sumably) nondestructive means offinding out about
`an unknown computerafter illegally gaining entry.
`browser n. See Web browser.
`
`
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`LIBRARY OF CONGRES
`
`TEI ;
`
`0010 sip Eioe
`
`definitions,
`
`you'llfind
`
`pronunciation keysfor difficult
`words, parts of speech, and
`extensive cross-references.
`
`* It’s up to date—plus, you can
`access and downloadonline
`updates every quarter on the
`Microsoft Press® Web site.
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`Included on CD-ROM
`
`Fully searchable versions of
`the MicRosort COMPUTER
`DICTIONARY and MICROSOFT
`MANUALOF STYLE FOR TECHNICAL
`PUBLICATIONS—plus Microsoft
`Internet Explorer 5!
`For system requirements see the
`information page near the CD-ROM.
`
`|
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`
`
`The Comprehensive
`Standard for Business,
`School, Library, and Home
`
`MICROSOFT COMPUTER DICTIONARY, Fourth
`
`Edition, remains the authoritative source
`
`of definitions for computer terms,
`
`concepts, and acronyms.Written in a
`
`clear, easy-to-understand style, this
`
`Fourth Edition defines over 8,000 terms
`
`and has been fully updated to include
`
`the latest technologies youwill
`encounter at home and at work—
`
`including Y2K, networks, e-commerce,
`cyberculture, enterprise computing,
`componentterminology, Windows® 98,
`and UNIX. As an added bonus, the
`
`dictionary extensively covers computer
`industry acronyms,jargon, and slang—
`often the most confusing termsin the
`high-tech world.
`
`
`
`$34.99
`U.S.A.
`£32.99
`U.K.
`[V.A.T. included]
`Canada
`$52.99
`[Recommended]
`
`Computers/General Reference
`ISBN 0-7356~0615-3
`
`1 UNNIN
`
`780735"606159
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