`
` IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL
`
`IEEE Editorial Style Manual
`For Editing References, see page 5
`
`This style manual provides editorial guidelines for IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters. For spelling
`reference, IEEE Publications uses Webster’s College Dictionary, 4th Edition. For guidance on grammar and usage
`not included in this manual, please consult The Chicago Manual of Style, published by the University of Chicago
`Press.
`
`IEEE Transactions Editing Philosophy
`
`The IEEE’s responsibility in editing papers for the Transactions is not to make any determination on or do
`any editing of the technical content of the papers we work with, but is instead to render the work as readable,
`grammatically correct, and as consistent with IEEE style as possible.
`Since we are concerned with style mainly in the sense of IEEE house style, we do not try to change an
`author’s style of writing. We do a mechanical edit to correct or question grammatical errors, obvious inconsistencies
`or omissions, spelling, and punctuation. Since we work with highly technical text, we also do extensive formatting
`of mathematical material.
`
`Parts of a Paper
`
`Paper Title
`In the paper title, capitalize the first letter of the first and last word and all the nouns, pronouns, adjectives,
`verbs, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions (If, Because, That, Which). Capitalize abbreviations that are
`otherwise lowercase (e.g., use DC, not dc or Dc) except for unit abbreviations and acronyms. Articles (a, an, the),
`coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, or, nor), and most short prepositions are lowercase unless they are the first
`or last word. Prepositions of more than three letters (Before, Through, With, Without, Versus, Among, Under,
`Between) should be capitalized.
`
`First Footnote
`The first footnote is made up of three paragraphs. This footnote is not numbered. All other footnotes in the
`paper are numbered consecutively.
`The first paragraph contains the received and (possibly) revised dates of the paper. When a paper has more
`than one revised date, list all the dates given.
`The second paragraph is made up of the authors’ affiliations. For two or more authors with different
`affiliations, use separate sentences and paragraphs for each, using all initials with a surname. Group the authors with
`the same affiliation together; list the affiliations according to the order of the authors in the byline.
`The third or final paragraph lists the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number, assigned by the IEEE.
`
`All financial support for the work in the paper is listed next to the first paragraph and not in the
`Acknowledgment at the end of the paper.
`
`Body of a Paper
`
`Abstract
`Every published paper must contain an Abstract. Abstracts appear in text in boldface type. By nature,
`Abstracts shall not contain numbered mathematical equations or numbered references.
`
`Index Terms
`All papers must contain Index Terms as provided by the authors. A list of keywords is available by
`sending a blank email to keywords@ieee.org. Index Terms appear in boldface type as in the Abstract, in alphabetical
`order, and as a final paragraph of the Abstract. Acronyms are defined in Index Terms if they are defined in the
`paper.
`
`Nomenclature
`Nomenclature lists (lists of symbols and definitions) generally follow the Abstract and Index terms and
`precede the Introduction.
`
`BOSCH EXHIBIT 1009
`
`Page 1 of 18
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`
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`2 IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL
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`
`Text Section Headings
`Standard specifications have been established for Transactions text section headings. There are four levels
`of section headings with established specifications: primary; secondary; tertiary; and quaternary heads.
`
`Enumeration of section heads is desirable, but not required. The author’s preference may be followed.
`However, the choice must be consistent throughout the paper.
`Primary headings are enumerated by Roman numerals and centered above the text.
`
`Secondary headings are enumerated by capital letters followed by followed by periods, flush left, upper and
`
`lower case, and italic.
`Tertiary headings are enumerated by Arabic numerals followed by parentheses. They are indented one em,
`
`and run into the text in their sections, italic, upper and lower case, and followed by a colon.
`Quaternary headings are identical to tertiary headings, except that they are indented two ems, lower case
`letters are used as labels, and only the first letter of the heading is capitalized.
`Reference and Acknowledgment headings are unlike all other section headings in text. They are never
`enumerated. They are simply primary headings without labels, regardless of whether the other headings in the
`papers are enumerated.
`Appendix headings are a special case. The primary heading(s) in the Appendix or Appendixes (note
`spelling of plural) are set according to the usual style, except that there is flexibility in the enumeration of the
`heading. The author may use Roman numerals as heading numbers (Appendix I) or letters (Appendix A). The
`Appendix heading is not preceded by a Roman numeral. If there is only one Appendix in the paper, the Appendix
`heading is unnumbered and unnamed.
`
`Text Equations
`
`Equations within a paper are numbered consecutively from the beginning of the paper to the end. There are
`some Transactions in which the author’s own numbering system, such as numbering by section, e.g., (1.1), (1.2.1),
`(A1), is permitted.
`
`Acknowledgment
`The placement of the Acknowledgment appears after the final text of the paper, just before the References
`
`section, and after any Appendix(es).
`
`When citing names within the Acknowledgment, use first initials only, not full names. Do not use Mr.,
`Mrs., Ms., or Miss (list first initial and last name only). Use the Dr. or Prof. title with each name separately; do not
`use plural Drs. or Profs. with lists of names.
`
`All acknowledgment of financial support must be removed from the Acknowledgment section, and placed
`in the first paragraph of the first footnote.
`
`Write the Acknowledgment section to be read in the third person.
`
`References
`The numbering of references is employed by citing one reference per number. Every reference in a
`
`Transactions reference list should be a separate number entry. Use of one reference number to designate a group of
`references is not allowed.
`
`Text Citation of Figures and Tables
`
`All citations of figure and tables in text must be in numerical order. Citations to figures in text always carry
`the abbreviation “Fig.” followed by the figure number. The abbreviation is used even when it begins a sentence.
`
`Biographies
`IEEE Transactions’ author biographies are generally divided into three paragraphs.
`
`first paragraph begins with the author’s full name and IEEE membership history. If provided by the
` The
`author, the first paragraph may contain a place and/or the date of birth. Next, the author’s educational background is
`listed. Use lower case for the author’s major field of study. Always use the word “degree” after a degree title.
`Include the years the degrees were received. Abbreviations for common international and domestic degrees are:
`Dipl.Ing., Diplom-Physiker, Dr. ing., dr. Phil., Dr. Eng., B.S., S.B., B.A., A.B., B.Sc. (Hons.), B.S.E.,
`B.E.E., M.Eng., M.S.(tech.), M.S.E.E., M.S.E., Civilingenir, Lic.es Sci., Lic.es Lett.
`second paragraph should list work and military experience, including summer and fellow jobs and
` The
`consultant positions. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must have a location. Previous positions may be
`listed without a location. List author affiliations with non-IEEE journals. List the author’s current and previous
`fields of interest. Do not repeat the author’s name in the second paragraph; use “he” or “she”.
`third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Hunter,
` The
`Ms. Taylor). It lists the author’s membership in professional societies other than IEEE and his or her status as a
`
`Page 2 of 18
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`3 IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL
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`Professional Engineer. Finally, list awards and work for IEEE committees and publications. Personal notes such as
`hobbies are excluded.
`
`If no photograph is available or the Transactions does not require them, the biography is set across one
`column.
`
`
`
`If no biography is available, a squib is used. For example:
`James A. Author (S’xx—M’xx), photograph and biography not available
`at time of publication.
`
`
`Other Text
`
`Footnotes
`Footnotes should be numbered in consecutive order throughout the text. The footnote numbers are
`
`superscripts in text and in the actual footnotes. In text, place the superscript footnote numbers after the punctuation
`such as periods, commas, and parentheses, but before colons, dashes, quotation marks, and semicolons in a
`compound sentence. The footnotes should be placed at the bottom of the text column in which they are cited.
`
`List in Text
`The ordering of labeling for all lists is 1), 2), 3) followed by a), b), c), and then i), ii), iii).
`
`An example of a run-in list is as follows.
`
`
`
`
`The carrier—phonon interaction matrices are given by: 1) polar optical phonons; 2) deformation potential
`optical phonons; and 3) piezoelectric acoustic phonons.
`
`Other Types of Papers
`
`
`Brief Papers are set up as full-length papers, except that the paper title is set in 16-point typeface. These
`papers do contain Abstracts, but do not contain biographies and photographs of the authors.
`Short Papers, Correspondences, and Communications are set up like full-length papers, except that usually
`they are 9-point typeface. These papers do contain Abstracts, but do not contain biographies and photographs of the
`authors.
`Comments and Replies are generally published together in that the “Author’s Reply” is in response to the
`
`Comments. The “Comments” is in response to a previously published paper. These short items may appear with or
`without an Abstract. Begin the first sentence with, “In the above paper [1], …” The reference, the commented
`paper’s citation, is the first reference in the References section of the Comments.
`Obituaries/In Memoriam may carry a photo of the person being memorialized. The name of the person
`
`appears above the photograph. The photograph is generally centered above the text. The years of birth and death are
`generally cited at the bottom of the photo within parentheses.
`
`Editiorial Style for Transactions
`
`The following provides a summary of the most important style distinctions to be made in the final copy of a
`
`Transactions paper.
`
`Acronyms
`Define acronyms the first time they appear in the Abstract as well as the first time they appear in the body
`
`of the paper, written out as part of the sentence, followed by the acronym in parentheses. If the acronym is not
`repeated in the Abstract, do not include the acronym in parentheses. Coined plurals or plurals of acronyms do not
`take the apostrophe (e.g., FETs). Possessive forms of the acronym do take the apostrophe (e.g., CPU’s speed).
`Indefinite articles are assigned to abbreviations to fit the sound of the first letter (e.g., an FCC regulation; a
`
`BRI).
`
`Trademarks
`
`The trademark symbol, TM, C, R, is not used. Capitalize the first letter in the trademark only.
`
`
`Plurals
`Plurals of units of measure usually do not take the “s”. For example, the plural form of 3 mil is 3 mil, but 3
`
`bits/s instead of 3 bit/s. Plural forms of calendar years do not take the apostrophe (e.g., 1990s). To avoid confusion,
`plural forms of variables in math do take the apostrophe (e.g., x’s).
`
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`Page 3 of 18
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`4 IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL
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`
`The En, Em, or Two-Em Dash
`
`The en dash represents the words “to,” “through,” or “and.” Use it between page numbers (e.g., pp. 5–10),
`reference numbers (e.g., [5]–[10]), figure citations, (e.g., Figs. 2–4), academic years (e.g., 1996–1999), proper
`nouns (Bose–Einstein theory), a range of values (e.g., 10–20 cm), or for opposites (e.g., in–out). Also use the en
`dash in chemical abbreviations such as Ni–Al–Si. When using the en dash to represent a range, if the word “from” is
`used, the word “to” must be used rather than an en dash (e.g., from 5 to 50 times). The em dash is used to highlight a
`parenthetical phrase in a sentence (e.g., “An FIB modifies a surface by sputtering with energetic ions—usually Ga
`for technical reasons— in a beam with half-width of the order of 10 nm.” ).
`
`Math
`
`1) Variables are set in italic; vectors and matrices are usually boldface italic.
`2) Remove commas around variables in text.
`3) Always add a zero before decimals, but do not add after (e.g., 0.25).
`4) Spell out units in text without quantities (e.g., where the noise is given in decibels).
`5) Numbers and units used as compound adjectives should be hyphenated only if needed for clarity (e.g.,
`10-kV voltage; 5-in-thick glass).
`6) Use thin spaces (instead of a comma) between numbers in tens or hundreds of thousands (e.g., 60 000,
`100 000, but 4000).
`7) Use zeroth, first, nth, (k+1)th, not 0th, 1st, 2nd, 99th, n th , (k + 1)st.
`8) Use the word “equation” at the start of a sentence only, but in text just use the number [e.g., in (1)],
`unless describing an equation, e.g., see “Darlington equation (1).”
`9) The slash is used in place of the word “per” when it leads to the clarity of the sentence (e.g., the ratio
`of 16 samples/s to 35 samples/s as compared to…).
`10) Use “indices” instead of “indexes” when referring to subscripts.
`11) Plural variables have an “’s”.
`
`X=yn^{-2},
`
`for all n=3
`
`X=yn^{-2}, Vn=3
`
`Ellipses
`Ellipses may be used to show continuation in an expression (e.g., x_2,…x_16). The type of mathematical
`
`expression will determine whether the ellipses are on the baseline or centered.
`
`Conditions
`In displayed equations, there should be a comma or parentheses and a two-em space between the main
`
`expression and the condition following it. For example,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`X=yn^{-2},
`
`if n=3-y^{-4}
`
`X=yn^{-2}, y3,…,m
`
`
`
`
`NOTE: There is no comma before a “for all” (V) symbol.
`
`Compound Units
`Compound units should be separated by a multidot (e.g., 4 V·s). Parentheses may be used to clarify a unit:
`g/(cm·s) or g·cm^{-1}·s^{-1}.
`
`Use of Period and Commas
`Equations that conclude a sentence should end with a period. The only time punctuation is used to lead into
`an equation when the lead-in text is a complete sentence. Example:
`
` where we had the following:
` x=Y+Z
`
`
` or, where, i.e.,
`
`
`
`Commas appearing at the ends of equations are deleted unless they are critical to the punctuation of the sentence
`containing the equation.
`
`
`.
`
` x=Y+Z.
`
`Page 4 of 18
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`5 IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL
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`
`
`Displayed Equations
`
`Certain types of material in displayed equations are automatically italic. Some simple general rules apply.
`All variables are italic. (e.g., x, y, n). Function names and abbreviations are Roman (sin, cos, sinc, sinh), as are units
`or unit abbreviations (e.g., deg, Hz,) complete words (e.g., in, out), and abbreviations of words (e.g., max, min), or
`acronyms (e.g., SNR). Single letter superscripts and subscripts may be italic even if they are abbreviations, unless
`this leads to inconsistency between italic and roman characters for similar types of subscripts.
`
`
`Rules of Grammar
`The principles of style given below aim to concentrate on the fundamentals of modern usage. Particular
`
`emphasis is given to the rules most commonly violated.
`1) Form the possessive singular of nouns by adding ’s.
`2)
`In a series of three or more terms, use a comma after each term except the last.
`3) Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas.
`4) Use the semicolon, not the comma, to separate two complete sentences which form a compound
`sentence.
`5) Use a colon after an independent clause to introduce a list.
`6) Punctuation always goes inside the quotation mark, except for the colon and semicolon.
`7) Do not use double parentheses in text expression, but keep them in math.
`8) All acronyms and numerical plurals do not use apostrophes.
`9) Compound nouns made from a one-syllable verb and a short adverb are one word when found that way
`in the dictionary.
`10) A pair of words, modifying a third word separately, does not get a hyphen.
`11) A hyphen is not used after the comparative or the superlative.
`12) Do not use commas between adjectives.
`13) Do not hyphenate predicate adjectives.
`14) Compound verbs are generally hyphenated.
`
`
`
`
`
`EDITING REFERENCES
`
`A. Citing References
`References in Text: References need not b e cited i n the text . W hen they are, they appear on th e lin e, in squar e
`brackets, inside the punctuation. Grammatically, they may be treated as if they were footnote numbers, e.g.,
`as shown by Brown [4], [5]; as mentioned earlier [2], [4]–[7], [9]; Smith [4] and Brown and Jones [5]; Wood et
`al. [7]
`NOTE: Use et al. when three or more names are given.
`or as nouns:
`as demonstrated in [3]; according to [4] and [6]–[9].
`
`References Within a Reference: Check the reference list for ibid. or op. cit. These refer to a previous reference and
`should be eliminated from the reference section. In text, repeat the earlier reference number and renumber the reference
`section accordingly. If the ibid. gives a new page number, or other information, use the following forms:
`[3, Th. 1]; [3, Lemma 2]; [3, pp. 5-10]; [3, eq. (2)]; [3, Fig. 1]; [3, Appendix I]; [3, Sec. 4.5]; [3, Ch. 2, pp. 5-10];
`[3, Algorithm 5].
`NOTE: Editing of references may entail careful renumbering of references, as well as the citations in text.
`
`B. Style
`Reference numbers are set flush left and form a column of their own, hanging out beyond the body of the reference.
`The reference numbers are on the line, enclosed in square brackets. In all references, the given name of the author or
`editor is abbreviated to the initial only and precedes the last name. Use commas around Jr., Sr., and III in names. If there
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`Page 5 of 18
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`6 IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL
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`are many names, use them all; use et al. only if na mes are not given. Note that when c iting IEEE Tr ansactions, if the
`month i s not avail able, t he n umber may be kept , al though i t is nor mally del eted. Keep t he day of t he month when
`referencing a patent. References may not include all information; please obtain and include relevant information. Do not
`combine ref erences. Ther e must b e only on e ref erence w ith ea ch nu mber. If th ere is a URL included with th e pr int
`reference, it can be included at the end of the reference.
`
`Periodicals
`Prior to 1988, the volume number of IEEE Transactions/Journals carried the acronym of the journal. For example, an
`issue of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL would read: IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., vol. AC-26, pp.
`1–34, Jan. 1981. When referencing IEEE Transactions, the issue number should be deleted and month carried.
`NOTE: The only exception to this rule is PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, which nev er carried an acronym on th e
`masthead.
`Basic Format:
`[1] J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.
`Examples:
`[1] R. E. K alman, “New results in linear filtering and predi ction theory,” J. Basic Eng., ser. D, vol. 83, pp. 95-108,
`Mar. 1961.
`[2] J. U. Buncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: Theory,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-4, pp. 352–
`377, Sept. 1944.
`[3] ____, “Infrared navigation—Part II: An assessment of feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-
`4, pp. 588–613, Nov. 1944.
`[4] H. Eriksson and P. E. Dani elsson, “Two pro blems on B oolean memories,” IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices, vol.
`ED-11, pp. 32–33, Jan. 1959.
`[5] F. Aronowitz, “Theory of traveling-wave optical maser,” Phys. Rev., vol. 134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 8, 1965.
`[6] Ye. V. Lavrova, “Geograph ic distribution of ionospheric disturbances in the F2 layer,” Tr. IZMIRAN, vol. 19, no.
`29, pp. 31–43, 1961 (Transl.: E. R. Hope, Directorate of Scientific Information Services, Defence Research Board
`of Canada, Rep. T384R, Apr. 1963).
`[7] E. P. W igner, “On a modification of t he R ayleigh–Schrodinger per turbation theory,” (i n G erman), Math.
`Naturwiss. Anz. Ungar. Akad. Wiss., vol. 53, p. 475, 1935.
`[8] E. H. Miller, “A not e on ref lector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag..., to be pub lished.*** Always use this
`style when the paper has been accepted or scheduled for a future publication, i.e., do not use “to appear in.”***
`[9] C. K. Kim, “Effect of gamma rays on plasma,” submitted for publication. *** Always use this style when the paper
`has not yet been accepted or scheduled for publication, i.e., do not use “to appear in.”***
`[10] W. Rafferty, “Ground antennas in NASA’s deep space telecommunications,” Proc. IEEE vol. 82, pp. 6 36-640,
`May 1994.
`[11] J. S. Turner, “New directions in communications,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 13, pp. 11-23, Jan. 1995.
`[12] L. T. Wu et al., “Real-time analytic sensitivity method for transient security assessment and prevent control,” Proc.
`Inst.
`Elect.
`Eng., vol
`. 135, pt
`.
`C, pp. 107-117, Mar. 1988.
`
`***Authors may refer to this journal as Proc. IEE, but the abbreviation must be as listed above. Proc. IEE is
`printed in the U.K. and must not be confused with the Proc. IEEE.***
`[13] Special Issue on Artificial Neural Network Applications, Proc. IEEE, vol. 84, pp. 1353-1576, Oct. 1996.
`Article Referred to in the Same Issue:
`[1] R. U. Aslip, “Surface and leaky wave antennas,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol. 30, pp. 545–546, Jan. 2000.
`NOTE: Handle it exactly as you would any other reference.
`
`
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`Page 6 of 18
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`7 IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL
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`
`Books
`Basic Format:
`[1] J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, Country if not
`USA: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.
`Examples:
`[1] B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986.
`[2] L. Stein, “Random patterns,” in Computers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed. New York: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55-70.
`[3] R. L. Myer, “Parametric oscillators and nonlinear materials,” in Nonlinear Optics, vol. 4, P. G. Harper and B . S.
`Wherret, Eds. San Francisco, CA: Academic, 1977, pp. 47-160.
`[4] M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions (Applied Mathematics Series 55).
`Washington, DC: NBS, 1964, pp. 32-33.
`[5] E. F. M oore, “Gedanken-experiments on sequenti al machines,” in Automata Studies ( Ann. of M athematical
`Studies, no. 1), C. E. Shannon and J. McCarthy, Eds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1965, pp. 129-153.
`[6] Westinghouse Electric Corporation (St aff of T echnology and Science, Aerospace D iv.), Integrated Electronic
`Systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970.
`[7] M. Gorkii, “Optimal design,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 12, pp. 111-122, 1961 (Transl .: in L. Pontryagin, Ed.,
`The Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes. New York: Interscience, 1962, ch. 2, sec. 3, pp. 127-135).
`[8] G. O. Young, “Sy nthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon, J. Peters,
`Ed., 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.
`
`Reports
`The general form for citing technical reports is to place the name and location of the company or institution after the
`author and title and to give the report number and date at the end of the reference.
`Basic Format:
`[1] J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Rep. xxx, year.
`
`Examples:
`[1] E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los
`Angeles, CA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.
`[2] J. H. Davis and J. R . Cogdell, “Calibration program for the 16-foot antenna,” Elect. Eng. Res. Lab., Univ. Texas,
`Austin, Tech. Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.
`[3] R. E. Haskell and C. T. Case, “Transient signal propagation in lossless isotropic plasmas,” USAF Cambridge Res.
`Labs., Cambridge, MA, Rep. ARCRL-66-234 (II), 1994, vol. 2.
`[4] M. A. B rusberg and E. N. C lark, “Installation, operation, and dat a evaluation of an obl ique-incidence ionosphere
`sounder system,” in “Radio Propagation Characteristics of the Washington-Honolulu Path,” Stanford Res. Inst.,
`Stanford, CA, Contract NOBSR-87615, Final Rep., Feb. 1995, vol. 1.
`[5] P. Diament, S. L. Richert, and W. L. Lupatkin, “V-lin e surface-wave radiation and scann ing,” Dept. E lect. Eng.,
`Columbia Univ., New York, Sci. Rep. 85, Aug. 1991.
`
`Handbooks
`Basic Format:
`[1] Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, year, pp. xxx-xxx.
`Examples:
`[1] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, 1985, pp. 44–60.
`[2] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, 1989.
`[3] RCA Receiving Tube Manual, Radio Corp. of America, Electronic Components and Devices, Harrison, NJ, Tech.
`Ser. RC-23, 1992.
`
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`Page 7 of 18
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`8 IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL
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`
`Published Conference Proceedings
`The general form for citing conference proceedings is to list the author and title of the paper, followed by the name
`(and location, if given) of the conference in italics using these standard abbreviations.
`
`Annals
`Annual
`Colloquium
`Conference
`Congress
`Convention
`Digest
`Exposition
`International
`Meeting
`National
`Proceedings
`Record
`Symposium
`Technical Digest
`Technical Paper
`Workshop
`Ann.
`Annu.
`Colloq.
`Conf.
`Congr.
`Conv.
`Dig.
`Expo.
`Int.
`Meeting
`Nat.
`Proc.
`Rec.
`Symp.
`Tech. Dig.
`Tech. Paper
`Workshop
`
`First
`Second
`Third
`Fourth/nth...
`1st
`2nd
`3rd
`4th/nth...
`
`Write out all the remaining words, but omit most articles and prepositions like “of the” and “on.” That is, Proceedings of
`the 1996 Robotics and Automation Conference becomes Proc. 1996 Robotics and Automation Conf.
`NOTE: All published conference or proceedings papers have page numbers.
`
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`Page 8 of 18
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`9 IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL
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`
`Basic Format:
`[1] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Unabbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. St ate (if given), year, pp.
`xxx-xxx.
`
`Examples:
`[1] G. R . Fau lhaber, “Desi gn of service systems w ith pri ority reservati on,” i n Conf. Rec. 1995 IEEE Int. Conf.
`Communications, pp. 3–8. *** If the year is given in the conference title, it may be omitted from the end of the
`reference as shown here.***
`[2] S. P. Bingulac, “On the compatibility of adaptive controllers,” in Proc. 4th Annu. Allerton Conf. Circuit and System
`Theory, New York, 1994, pp. 8–16.
`[3] W. D. Doyle, “Magnetization reversal in films with biaxial anisotropy,” in 1987 Proc. INTERMAG Conf., pp. 2.2-
`1–2.2-6.
`[4] C. T. Meadow and D. W. Waugh, “Computer assisted i nterrogation,” in 1991 Fall Joint Computer Conf., Proc.
`AFIPS Conf., vol. 29.Washington, DC: Spartan, 1991, pp. 381–394. *** There is an <emspace> between “vol.
`29.” and “Washington.”***
`[5] P. C. Parks, “Lyapunov redesign of m odel reference adap tive control systems,” in 1993 Joint Automatic Control
`Conf., Preprints, pp. 485–491.
`[6] C. Janow, “Gu idance and control components for space applications,” in Proc. Nat. Electronics Conf., 1994, vol.
`24, pp. 30-35.
`[7] T. S. Hsia, “System identification,” in IEDM Tech. Dig., 1993, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 6–13.
`
`Papers Presented at Conferences
`Basic Format:
`[1] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” presented at the Unabbrev. Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State, year.
`Examples:
`[1] M. Mayer, presented at the 4th Congr. Permanent Magnets, Grenoble, France, Mar. 1995.
`[2] J. G. Kreifeldt, “An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an amplitude-modulated noise,” presented at the 1989 Int.
`Conf. Medicine and Biological Engineering, Chicago, IL.
`[3] G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise currents on short sections on bundle conductors,” presented at the
`IEEE Summer Power Meeting, Dallas, TX, June 22-27, 1990, Paper 90 SM 690-0 PWRS.
`[4] J. Arrillaga and B. Giessn er, “Limitation of short-circu it levels by means of HVDC links, ” presented at the IEEE
`Summer Power Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, July 12–17, 1990, Paper 70 CP 637.
`
`Patents
`Basic Format:
`[1] J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.
`Example:
`[1] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 125, July 16, 1990.
`NOTE: Use “issued date” if several dates are given.
`
`Theses (M.S.) and Dissertations (Ph.D.)
`Basic Format:
`[1] J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
`[2] J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State,
`year.
`Examples:
`[1] J. O. W illiams, “Narrow-band ana lyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Uni v., Cambridge, MA,
`1993.
`[2] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron.
`Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.
`[3] N. M . A mer, “The eff ects o f hom ogeneous magnetic fi elds on devel opments of t ribolium confusum,” Ph.D.
`dissertation, Radiation Lab., U niv. California, Berkeley, Tech. R ep. 16854, 1995. *** The state abbreviation is
`omitted if the name of the university includes the state name, i.e., “Univ. California, Berkeley.”***
`[4] C. Becle, These de doctoral d’etat, Univ. Grenoble, Grenoble, France, 1968.
`
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`10 IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL
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`
`Unpublished
`These are the two most common types of unpublished references.
`Basic Format :
`[1] J. K. Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year.
`[2] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.
`Examples:
`[1] A. Harrison, private communication, May 1995.
`[2] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.
`[3] A. Brah ms, “Represen tation error for real nu mbers in b inary co mputer arith metic,” I EEE Computer Group
`Repository, Paper R-67-85.
`Standards
`Basic Format:
`[1] Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
`Examples:
`[1] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
`[2] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.
`
`C. On-Line Sources
`The guidelines for citing electronic information as offered here are in modified illustration of the adaptation by the
`International Standards Organization (ISO) documentation system and the American Psychological Association style.
`
`Books, Monographs
`Basic Format:
`[1] J. K. Author. (year, month day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. volume(issue). Available: site/path/file
`Example:
`[1] S. Khutaina. (1 995, Aug. 15). EMBASE handbook (3rd ed.) [Onlin e]. 3(21). Available: Knowledge Index File:
`EMBASE Handbook (EMHB)
`
`FTP
`Basic Format:
`[1] J. K. Author. (year). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available FTP: Directory: File:
`Example:
`[1] R. J. Vi dmar. (1994). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as electromagnetic reflectors [Online]. Available FTP:
`atmnext.usc.edu Directory: pub/etext/1994 File: atmosplasma.txt
`
`WWW
`Basic Format:
`[1] J. K. Author. (year, month day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available: http://www