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`Paper # 19
`Entered: 01/25/2021
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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`___________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`
`MICROSOFT CORPORATION,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`UNILOC 2017 LLC,
`Patent Owner.
`
`___________
`
`IPR2019-01471
`Patent 6,836,654 B2
`___________
`
`Record of Oral Hearing
`Held: November 10, 2020
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`
`
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`Before JENNIFER S. BISK, JOHN D. HAMANN, and
`NEIL T. POWELL, Administrative Patent Judges.
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`IPR2019-01471
`Patent 6,836,654 B2
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`APPEARANCES:
`
`ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER:
`
`
`TODD M. SIEGEL, ESQUIRE
`Klarquist Sparkman LLP
`One World Trade Center
`Suite 1600
`Portland, OR 97204
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`ON BEHALF OF PATENT OWNER:
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`BRIAN KOIDE, ESQUIRE
`Etheridge Law Group
`1100 Queensborough Blvd.
`Suite 200
`Mount Pleasure, SC 29464
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`The above-entitled matter came on for hearing on Tuesday,
`November 10, 2020, commencing at 10:00 a.m., EST, at the U.S. Patent and
`Trademark Office, by video/by telephone, before Julie Souza, Notary Public.
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`IPR2019-01471
`Patent 6,836,654 B2
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`P R O C E E D I N G S
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`JUDGE HAMANN: Good morning. We are here for IPR 2019-
`
`01471, Microsoft Corporation v. Uniloc 2017 L.L.C. I am Judge Hamann.
`Also on the panel today are Judges Bisk and Powell. I would like to begin
`by having the parties introduce themselves. So first who is present on behalf
`of Petitioner, please?
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`MR. SIEGEL: Todd Siegel from Klarquist Sparkman on behalf of
`Petitioner Microsoft.
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`JUDGE HAMANN: Good morning. Is anyone else present from
`Petitioner today on the call?
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`MR. SIEGEL: Not with me, Your Honor.
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`JUDGE HAMANN: Okay. But no one's present from another
`location for Petitioner, correct?
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`MR. SIEGEL: I sent out a public line information. I do not know if
`anybody has dialed in.
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`JUDGE HAMANN: Fair enough. Thank you, Mr. Siegel. And for
`Patent Owner, who is present on today's video call for Patent Owner, please?
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`MR. KOIDE: Good morning, Your Honor. This is Brian Koide of
`the Etheridge Law Group for Patent Owner Uniloc 2017 L.L.C. With me on
`the telephone public line today is Mr. Steve Peterson who is Uniloc's general
`counsel.
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`JUDGE HAMANN: Good morning to everyone and as the parties
`have already noted there is a public access line, audio line so to the extent
`members of the public have called in to listen to today's hearing, we
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`IPR2019-01471
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`welcome them.
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`The printed Oral Hearing Order, each side will have 60 minutes to
`present its arguments. We're going to, because Petitioner bears the burden
`of unpatentability, we'll begin with Petitioner followed by Patent Owner's
`response, followed by any time reserved by Petitioner for rebuttal and then
`finishing with time reserved by Patent Owner for surrebuttal. I will
`endeavor to track time and provide appropriate warnings on times, but you
`may find it helpful to also track your own time during the presentation.
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`As we of course are doing this video conferencing, I suggest it'll
`provide and make it easier for the panel as well as for the record if before
`speaking referencing a particular slide or part of the record, please identify
`which slide by slide number or appropriate cite to where in the record is
`being referred to. I will also ask when you're not speaking to mute your mic
`so we don't have unnecessary noise. With that, I'd ask the Petitioner how
`much time would it like to reserve for rebuttal?
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`MR. SIEGEL: Twenty minutes please, Your Honor.
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`JUDGE HAMANN: Twenty minutes, okay. Thank you Mr. Siegel.
`You may proceed when you're ready.
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`MR. SIEGEL: May it please the Board. We are here today to discuss
`why the petition proves that claims 10 through 20 of U.S. patent No.
`6,836,654, we'll refer to it as the '654 patent, why those claims are
`unpatentable as obvious over the prior art. The '654 patent is titled "Anti-
`theft protection for a radiotelephony device" and on slide 2 of Petitioner's
`demonstratives we see the two grounds. They're both obviousness grounds
`challenging claims 10 through 20. Ground 1 is the Owner's Manual for the
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`IPR2019-01471
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`Nokia mobile device combined with the Barvesten patent and ground 2 is
`the Barvesten patent as the lead reference combined with a Motorola
`technical disclosure bulletin by Schultz.
`Perhaps the best way to summarize the subject matter of the '654
`patent is to look at slide, look at claim 10 and we have that on slide 3. So
`claim 10 of the '654 patent, it has three primary steps. It's a method of
`protecting the mobile device and the three primary steps are verifying a user
`identification module inside the device is linked to the mobile device, then
`detecting a period of inactivity of the mobile device during normal operation
`of the device, and then preventing the normal operation of the mobile device
`in response to those two steps.
`JUDGE HAMANN: Mr. Siegel, what steps, if any, of method claim
`10 does Petitioner believe are in dispute?
`MR. SIEGEL: Right. We have highlighted on slide 3 the only
`limitation that Patent Owner has indicated that speaksto that, and so it's the
`verifying limitation. So we have that highlighted, so that is what we will be
`speaking primarily about. I will note that the detecting a period of inactivity
`step is really a limitation that was the focus of the prosecution history and
`was the reason why the patent was allowed. But today, the only limitation in
`dispute is the verifying limitation that we have highlighted.
`And on slide 4 we show the highlighted passages on slide 4 of what
`we submit are pertaining to the highlighted limitation, the verifying
`limitation on slide 3, and so the '654 patent a detailed description, it's just a
`couple of columns long and what we have highlighted here on slide 4 are the
`passages that we think are most pertinent to our discussion today. Just
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`IPR2019-01471
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`quickly, basically the '654 patent is describing its alleged invention in the
`context of a user just unlocking the mobile device with an identification
`module that is inside the device, and so what we have highlighted here there
`at the bottom of column 2, 65 through column 3, line 5 is the discussion in
`the '654 patent about how the device is locked with the module and then
`automatically linking that module to the device.
`So basically once the user has locked then the module is automatically
`linked to the device by reading the IMSI number, which is a unique
`identification number of the module, so the IMSI number is read from the
`module and is stored in the random access memory of the device, and so that
`is how the patent describes a module being linked to the device, and then it
`goes on at the bottom and says well, the last highlighted passage there at
`column 3, lines 9 through 12, this is where the module is verified according
`to the claim 10 step. All it says is,
`"One looks whether the identification module which is placed inside
`the device is the one that is linked to the device."
`And so that's really the discussion of how a module is linked and then
`how the module inside the device is verified, and then of course these
`passages do refer to Figure 3. Figure 3 is shown on the right of slide 4. It's
`just a flow chart of certain steps. You have decision nodes and we have
`boxed in red the two steps that are referenced in the passages there
`highlighted in column 3. The K2 box is simply a user choosing to lock or
`unlock the device and then the K4 box, which is the IMSI decision node,
`basically all that is is showing that there is a process comparing the IMSI
`number of the module that's on the device, comparing it to the IMSI number
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`that is stored in the device. So that's really the disclosure of the key
`limitation at issue here today, and on slide 5 we show what the disputed
`issues are and so --
`JUDGE HAMANN: Mr. Siegel, let me if I could and I want to make
`sure I understand some of what's shown here on slide 5, and certainly part of
`this seems to be an identification of some District Court claim construction
`orders, is that a fact?
`MR. SIEGEL: That's right, that's right.
`JUDGE HAMANN: I want to, I'm sorry, I want to understand what
`District Courts have construed claims -- I'm sorry. terms of this patent, I
`want to make sure I understand the universe of that, so which District Courts
`have construed claims of this patent?
`MR. SIEGEL: Sure. So earlier this year there were some District
`Court claim constructions and this is, you know, after we filed the petition.
`So there was a case against Motorola that issued a claim construction
`decision and there were cases against Google and Samsung that issued a
`claim constructions and I just referred to it as the Google claim construction
`because that was, the Google and Samsung was in front of the same judge
`and the claim construction order was issued on the same date by the same
`judge with the same claim constructions that are pertinent. So the Motorola
`construction differed from the Google/Samsung construction and then just
`and maybe two weeks ago -- I'll back up. The Motorola case was in the
`District of Delaware, the Google/Samsung case was in the Eastern District
`of Texas and then I believe it was about two weeks ago the Western District
`of Washington in the HTC litigation issued another claim construction order
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`and all of these opinions addressed several terms, many of which are
`pertinent to the proceeding today. Really the only terms that were construed
`by these various cases that were pertinent is they did talk about the verifying
`limitation and then they also talked about this, a phrase "linked to user
`identification" module.
`JUDGE HAMANN: But Mr. Siegel, you said they talked about the
`verifying step, I believe this -- to paraphrase what you just said. What's the -
`- which District Court decisions, if any, construed the verifying step?
`MR. SIEGEL: Yes. I believe, again I have slides on this. The
`Motorola, I'm on slide 11, so the Motorola decision addressed it and said
`verifying limitation no express construction was needed and then it just went
`on and discussed the phrase "linked to user identification module," and I
`should note that "linked to user identification module" isn't actually in the
`verifying limitation itself. It does show up later in claim 10 and claim 20,
`but it's not in the verifying limitation itself.
`The Google/Samsung, I have that on slide 16 and here they did
`actually have a construction for the verifying limitation here on slide 16
`confirming that a user identification module inside the mobile
`radiotelephony device from its normal operation of the mobile
`radiotelephony device. But then the Google court also separately construed
`this "linked to user identification module." So, but the verifying limitation
`by the Google court and the Motorola court is pretty consistent in its plain
`and ordinary reading of the claim language itself. The HTC decision which
`came much later and was just recently submitted, I don't believe they
`actually -- I don't believe the judge actually addressed the verifying step. It
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`did address this "linked to user identification module."
`JUDGE HAMANN: In what way did the HTC District Court order
`address the "linked to user identification module"?
`MR. SIEGEL: So it adopted the same construction that the
`Google/Samsung court did which differs from the construction given to that
`phrase by the Motorola court.
`JUDGE HAMANN: Okay. And then across the Google/Samsung
`and HTC District Court orders is the reasoning for the construction they
`reached as to "linked to user identification module" different than any of
`those decisions?
`MR. SIEGEL: I would say it's not different. They're not verbatim but
`I think they're consistent and I'm happy to address that now or actually go to
`the presentation.
`JUDGE HAMANN: Oh, I'm just trying to understand. It seems to me
`the construction of the verifying step is certainly an important issue in the
`parties' dispute and at least initially Petitioner put forward a ordinary
`meaning construction for that and obviously since then, or potentially if all
`they were to draft in your petition, you know, is three or four District Courts
`have construed the limitations in claim 10. Guess I'm trying to understand
`what Petitioner's position is, just make sure I understand what Petitioner's
`position is as to what the construction should be for the verifying limitation
`as well as the "linked to user identification module" limitation.
`MR. SIEGEL: Sure. And I'll note, you know, that back on slide 5
`and I note a bullet that Patent Owner had its own separate interpretation in
`its Patent Owner response which is another disputed issue in another, you
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`know, potential claim construction issue and so in our Reply we made clear
`that, you know, we still submit that really there no express construction
`necessary because frankly the claim language, a plain and ordinary reading
`of the claim language is sufficient and frankly the, whatever the scope of
`that limitation is it has to encompass the Barvesten prior art reference
`because the, and I'll show this, the Barvesten reference it uses nearly
`identical language to what we talked about here on slide 4 as far as what the
`'654 patent discloses with respect to these steps and so that's why we think
`that frankly, in view of the prior art, and in view of the claim language, it's
`so clear that no express construction is really necessary.
`I would say that the Motorola construction is probably perhaps the
`closest to the, you know, plain and ordinary meaning and then the
`Google/Samsung/HTC claim construction, its interpretation of this "linked
`to user identification module" brings in this limitation that perhaps, you
`know, the question is -- the answer to your question might depend on the
`interpretation of the interpretation. I don't really think it's necessary. I don't
`really think that express construction is necessary and I don't really think
`that this limitation that these, that Patent Owner seems to be relying on now
`in its Sur-Reply is appropriate claim construction and so, you know, the
`bottom line is that the construction that, you know, that is applied to this
`verifying limitation it must encompass the Barvesten because the disclosure
`in Barvesten is nearly identical to the '654.
`JUDGE HAMANN: Well if I could, counsel, understand some of
`what you said, I believe you said the Motorola court didn't find the need to
`construe the verifying step?
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`MR. SIEGEL: Correct.
`JUDGE HAMANN: Okay. But you also said the Motorola court's
`construction is the most similar I believe to what it should be, for lack of a
`better phrase. That's paraphrasing you and certainly not nearly as articulate
`as you stated it, but that seems to me to be incongruent so it seems like we're
`conflating, you know, the verifying step limitations constructions and
`potentially the construction for the "linked to user identification module"
`and I'm trying to understand whether both of those terms are now in dispute
`and need to be addressed or what the answerto that is.
`MR. SIEGEL: Well you're right, and, you know, this came up
`because the way that the Patent Owner I think presented in its response, it
`argues the verifying limitation needed to be further limited by restricting the
`use of the user identification module only to the device that it's linked with
`and so in the Patent Owner response they didn't even really address any of
`these claim constructions from the courts or the "linked to user identification
`module" and, but what I was getting at with the Motorola is that the way it
`construes "linked to user identification module" is simply to mean an
`authorized user identification module that permits normal operation of the
`device, and so I'm not exactly sure where the Court got the word authorized
`but, you know, I think this is pretty -- but this construction it seems to me it's
`plain and ordinary language. It's basically a user identification module that
`permits normal operation of the device and I'll go ahead and add that.
`I mean the appropriate claim construction here is you start with the
`language of the claims and the language of the claims here are directed at
`permitting and preventing normal operation of the device and the language
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`of the claims distinguish between a linked and an unlinked module and so
`the claims themselves actually take care of when operation is permitted to be
`normal and when it is to be prevented by just simply, you know, making the
`determination whether or not the module inside the device is linked or is
`unlinked, and so that's why I think that the Motorola language here seems to
`be consistent with the claim language without importing anything in from
`the specification.
`JUDGE HAMANN: Thank you.
`MR. SIEGEL: So, and so just quickly if I could go to slide 8 and
`again here we have element [10.2] from the petition. This is the verifying
`limitation and we submit that under a plain reading the prior art satisfies this
`verifying limitation and we've highlighted here what we talked about
`previously, is this limitation really includes two aspects. It includes the
`linking aspect and then verifying whether or not the user identification
`module that is inside has been linked and we talked about these passages
`before but I wanted to show how similar the Barvesten reference is.
`On slide 10, so we have the '654 patent disclosure on the left and we
`talked about it, and on the right Barvesten does the exact same thing. It's
`talking about the --
`JUDGE HAMANN: If you could read the cites into the record that
`you're referring to.
`MR. SIEGEL: Right. So the Barvesten -- on slide 10, the Barvesten
`patent at column 4, lines 24 to 28, they're on the right of slide 10, upon
`starting up or activation of the phone, the SIM card communicates with the
`phone, the telephone and the SIM card communicate with each other, and
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`then the IMSI code for the SIM card is stored in memory of the phone. So
`that's just like the linking disclosed in the '654 patent and then moving down
`Barvesten column 4, lines 45 to 50, and I have underlined there in red,
`basically it's -- this is where a card is being checked for whether or not it's
`going to permit normal operation. It can -- the processes to compare the
`IMSI number of the card that's in the device so what's been stored in
`memory of the device and so, again, that's just like the '654 patent and so
`that's why we submit that under a plain reading the prior art satisfies this
`limitation and the scope of this limitation, the verifying limitation, has to
`encompass this Barvesten disclosure.
`JUDGE HAMANN: Under what construction are you referring to?
`MR. SIEGEL: Well, we submit that the prior art would satisfy under
`any of the Court's constructions whether it's a plain reading construction,
`whether it's the Motorola construction, and frankly, the Motorola
`construction is consistent with how the petition mapped the prior art. But
`we submit that even under the Google construction that the prior art still
`satisfies that and I can speak to that.
`JUDGE HAMANN: Please.
`MR. SIEGEL: So for instance -- but, yes. So for instance, I'm on
`slide 16, and this is the Google construction and the verifying limitation is
`simply confirming that a user identification module mounted inside the
`mobile radiotelephony device commences normal operation, and certainly
`that is consistent with how the petition mapped the prior art, and it's
`consistent with, you know, the Nokia and the Barvesten disclosures.
`I should add that with respect to ground 2 of the petition the only
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`disputed issue is whether or not Barvesten satisfies this verifying limitation.
`There's one other issue with respect to ground 1 and the Nokia combination,
`with respect to ground 2 this is it and then so, but that's the Google claim
`construction. So it added this construction of "linked to user identification
`module" to say it's under identification module, that's the only one that
`permits normal operation of the device and that phrase is not in the verifying
`limitation and that said, it does show up in claim 10 later on. But we submit
`that when claim 10 refers to "linked user identification module," this is in
`the last step, the preventing the normal operation in response to the
`verification of the "linked user identification module," that the use of that
`phrase in claim 10 is referring back to whatever module was verified in the
`first step, and so the claim language itself does not require further
`construction or bringing in this notion of only one module that prevents
`normal operation.
`But that brings me to the question, what's the interpretation of the
`interpretation? Does this mean that, you know, at the time time that a
`module is in the device that there's only one module that permits normal
`operation? Well if that's all it is then sure, then certainly the prior art teaches
`that because there's only one module in the device at a time that's allowing
`the device to operate and therefore certainly the prior art teaches that and if
`that's consistent with, you know, how the petition mapped the prior art.
`But in the Sur-Reply of Patent Owner, Patent Owner seems to suggest
`that this limitation really means more. It means that there can only ever be
`one module ever that could ever be linked and permitting normal operation
`of the device and we actually in our Reply, we recognized that even though
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`the Patent Owner did not, in its response, did not cite to, discuss or address
`any of the Court's, the various Courts' claim construction, it just came up
`with its own, but we recognized that the Board probably looked to these
`claim constructions decisions and so we actually put in evidence why, you
`know, even under a more narrow reading of this phrase suggesting that there
`could only be one module that permits normal operation we put evidence in
`with our Reply why the prior art nonetheless satisfies that claim
`construction.
`So, for instance, I'm jumping to slide 18 and so this is showing the
`Barvesten disclosure. There at column 2, lines 29 through 30 it recognizes
`that there can be (n) number of SIM cards essentially and so we submit that,
`well certainly (n) could be one and certainly when you first start off the
`device and you put in the first SIM card, at that point there is only one SIM
`card that permits normal operation of the device, and Dr. Houh, our expert,
`testified that Barvesten discloses the scenario where a single SIM card is
`linked to a particular device.
`And then on slide 19, additional disclosures from Barvesten, we were
`able to look at this to some extent, column 4, lines 24 to 38, again talks
`about a SIM card communicating with a device. So here there's just one
`SIM card that's communicating, but yes, it does recognize, Barvesten does
`recognize that there could be multiple SIM cards that would work with the
`device, but that Dr. Houh testified nonetheless, a skilled artisan would
`understand that Barvesten nonetheless teaches this scenario of just a single
`SIM card being links, and so if the construction really means that there can
`only ever be one SIM card that works with the device, we submit that a
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`skilled artisan would nonetheless read the prior art in that way, and it would
`be the scenario where it would indeed only be one.
`JUDGE HAMANN: And Mr. Siegel, that's under -- that discusses
`really the Barvesten, correct?
`MR. SIEGEL: Yes right, and with respect to Nokia for ground 1,
`same thing. Here on slide 17 Dr. Houh's supplemental declaration said that
`so the Nokia manual actually notes, it recognizes that there could actually be
`up to five SIM cards that the device would recognize but Dr. Houh testified
`that a skilled artisan would understand that in many cases there would only
`be a single card that would ever be linked with the device and that just
`makes sense. It's common sense that you're not going to probably be trying
`to swap in cards and, you know, for instance if there's just -- if there's only
`one person that's using the phone and isn't like they're going to just be using
`one SIM card with the device.
`JUDGE HAMANN: And just for the record I think the testimony
`from Dr. Houh is it, if I'm pronouncing that correctly?
`MR. SIEGEL: That's right.
`JUDGE HAMANN: That you cite the, on slide 17, there's Exhibit
`1020 paragraph 6.
`MR. SIEGEL: Correct.
`JUDGE HAMANN: Okay, thank you.
`MR. SIEGEL: Yes, Your Honor. And I would note, I mean going
`back up to slide 9 where we show some disclosures of the Nokia reference.
`So the Nokia manual, it's also very similar to the '654 patent. It locks the
`device and it checks for a valid SIM card and this is from pages 81 and 82 of
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`the Nokia manual, and there on the right the second paragraph it says, "if the
`SIM card has been changed and the new SIM card has not previously been
`used," at that point there's only one SIM card that permits normal operation.
`It goes on to say that the device will be locked until some additional lock
`code is supplied but at this point it's disclosing only one SIM card.
`JUDGE HAMANN: And Mr. Siegel, I'm probably going to
`paraphrase Patent Owner's argument poorly, but as I recall Patent Owner
`argues that the Nokia reference manual does not teach or disclose that it's the
`device itself that does the checking of the SIM card?
`MR. SIEGEL: Well that's definitely -- yes right, and that's why the
`Nokia doesn't go into those details and that's why we combined Nokia with
`Barvesten because Barvesten brings in those details of exactly how the card
`is linked to the device by storing the IMSI number in the memory and then
`how is the card actually checked or verified and it's by comparing that IMSI
`number, and so we did that first and that's why this if Barvesten satisfies it
`then game over whether it's ground 1 or ground 2.
`JUDGE HAMANN: Okay. So I want to make sure I understand you.
`So Petitioner agrees that Nokia does not teach the device checking the SIM
`card; is that fair?
`MR. SIEGEL: No, it's not. I mean we think that is suggested. We
`think that, I mean we think that this disclosure fairly suggests that it is
`indeed the device doing the checking when you read -- I mean it says, it's
`there on the right on slide 9. This security option checks whether the SIM
`card in the communicator has been changed. We think the most fair reading
`would be that it is, essentially the device is doing -- is performing that
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`security option check.
`JUDG EHAMANN: Thank you. You're about ten minutes remaining
`in your 40 minutes.
`MR. SIEGEL: Right. Thank you, Your Honor. And so I will say
`that, you know, and then I guess in the Sur-Reply, I want to address some
`things in the Sur-Reply because Patent Owner brought up some things in the
`Sur-Reply that we think that are just simply wrong or new arguments and so
`on slide 20, Patent Owner seemed to accuse Petitioner of injecting a claim
`construction dispute and attacking the District Court's claim construction
`and even suggested that the parties briefedthe District Court's constructions.
`We attacked, in our Reply, the Petitioner attacked the Patent Owner
`interpretation which we submit has no support in the specification and Patent
`Owner didn't even seem to, you know, disagree with that in its Sur-Reply.
`But because the Patent Owner's interpretation does differ from Google's
`interpretation. The Google interpretation is basically, it's directed at limiting
`the use of the device and the Patent Owner's interpretation is limiting the use
`of the identification module. So that is what we attacked.
`But then on slide 21 Patent Owner brought up another argument for
`the first time arguing that the claim language is directed to what is permitted
`by the linked to limitation and that's -- Patent Owner cites nothing to support
`that. Again, this is a new argument brought up in the Sur-Reply. It has no
`support for that. The claim language is clear. We have it right here on slide
`21. Verifying the user identification module mounted inside the device is
`linked to the mobile device. It's not directed to what is permitted by the
`linked to. It's directed at verifying whether or not the module inside will
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`permit normal operation or not and to the extent that, you know, this what is
`permitted feature is disclosed in the '654 patent, it's not claimed and it's
`improper to import something like that into the claim scope. You can
`disclose features and functionality and not claim it and if you disclose
`something and don't claim it, that's dedicated to the public and so we submit
`that there's just no reason to import into this claim scope some concept of
`what is permitted when the claim language is clear on its face.
`And we would add that the claim language, it does a good job
`distinguishing between permitting operation, suspending operation, link
`module and unlinked module. I mean claim 16 for instance, it could have
`been claim 10, claim 16 says preventing the normal operation of the mobile
`telephony device in response to any unlinked user identification module
`deemed not inside the radiotelephony device and so if, you know, claim 10
`is directed at verifying that the module is linked. But claim 16 and other
`claims, claims 4 and claim 9, they expressly recite an unlinked module and
`what happens with an unlinked module, and if the Board is to consider this
`only one construction, well we submit that the only one construction doesn't
`mean it shouldn't be imported here because if the Patent Owner claimed any
`unlinked, in claim 16 and 20 and claim 9, the Patent Owner claimed any
`unlinked user identification module. So if the Patent Owner responded the
`claim only – there's only one module that could ever be linked and any other
`module in the world is unlinked, there would be no reason in claim 16 for
`instance to use the word unlinked. They could have just said any other
`module.
`Yes, so I mean as far as plaintiff's construction and the interpretation
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