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`PCTIOA 20050089953
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`MMWMMMEIE 31mm Emma
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`UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
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`PROVISIONAL PATENT APPLICATION
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`SUBMITTED ON OCTOBER 15, 2004
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`TITLE:
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`1
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`MAC LAYER AND PHYSICAL LAYER SYSTEMS AND METHODS
`
`INVENTOR:
`
`HANG ZHANG
`
`24 Gardengate Way
`Nepean, Ontario
`Canada
`KZG 5Z1
`
`MCI-HAN FONG
`
`1578 Bay Road
`L’Original, Ontario
`Canada
`K03 1K0
`
`PEIYING ZHU
`16 Pebble Cmek Crescent
`
`Kanata, Ontario
`KZM 2L4
`
`WEN TONG
`12 Whitestone Drive
`
`Ottawa, Ontario
`Canada
`KZC 4A7
`
`JIANGLEI MA
`3 Bon Echo Crescent
`
`Ottawa, Ontario
`KZM 2W5
`
`
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the RH” Image Database on 05(121'2005
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Attorney Docket No. I7399ROUSO 1P
`
`Section 1
`
`RESOURCE ALLOCATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMNISTIC
`TRAFFIC
`°
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`Section 2
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`FEEDBACK HEADER SYSTEMS AND METHODS
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`Section 3
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`HIERARCHICAL LEAP STRUCTURE SYSTEMS AND METHODS
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`Section 4
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`PILOT PATTERN SYSTEM AND METHOD
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`Section 5
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`SHORT DATA BURST SYSTEMS AND METHODS
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`Section 6
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`UPLINK CHANNEL SYSTEMS AND METHODS
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`Section 7
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`DOWNLINK RESOURCE ALLOCATION SYSTEM AND METHOD
`
`IflI—____—______.____,‘___.,_._.__._—_.,.__.—__———n_n.—.m-—n—n———I
`Couv Drovlded Iw USPTD iron the [FM lmaue Database on 05I12!2005
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
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`RESOURCE ALLOCATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMNISTIC TRAFFIC
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`Field of the Invention
`
`This invention generaliy relates to the field of wireless communications. More specifically to resource
`allocation systems and methods for broadband mobile wireless metropolitan area networks including networks
`Operating according to the IEEE 802.1603) standard.
`
`‘I
`
`Background of the Invention
`
`In the current 802.16e standard draft (p802.16e/D5), the downlinlc I uplink (DL/UL) resource assignments are
`indicated by DL/UL map information elements (IE3) in the DUUlrMAP message. The current resource
`assignment is performed on the frame—by-frame basis.
`
`For services, like unsolicited grant service (UGS) and realvtime polling service (rtPS), the data arriving arriving
`at the transmitter (ale. BS for DL and MSS for UL) has certain deterministic patterns and in certain cases may
`also be stream—like. For these types of traffic, if resource assignment has to be performed on a frame-by-frame
`basis, large amounts of MAC overhead will be incurred.
`
`A need exists therefore for improved systems and methods for resource allocation for handling deterministic
`traffic.
`‘
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFWI Image Database on 0511 21'2005
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`Summary of the Invention
`
`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
`
`It is an object of the invention to simplify the resource assignment for U68 and rtPS, to reduce unnecessary
`MAC overhead.
`
`it is an obj ect of the invention to provide a resource allocation system and method for use in networks operating
`in accordance with the IEEE 802.16 standard.
`
`l-‘
`
`Further objects of the invention include provide the following:
`‘-
`o A DL MAP IE — According to this aspect of the invention the dedicated resource allocation IE may
`allocate dedicated DL resource for a certain period of time. Such an allocation may be tie-allocated or
`modified at any time
`o A UL MAP 1E - According to this aspect of the invention the Dedicated resource allocation IE may
`allocate dedicated UL resource for a certain period of time. Such an allocation may be tie-allocated and
`modified at any time
`
`It is a further object of the invention to provide a resource allocation system and method wherein if a dedicated
`DL resource is defined as a BL region in every Nth frame and assigned to a MSS, the M58 may decode this
`dedicated channel until the end of the assignment period or until receiving a Dedicated resource IE for the de-
`allocation. In addition to the dedicated resource, additional DL resource may also be allocated by using normal
`DL MAP IE if the dedicated resource is not enough to send the buffered data.
`
`It is a further object of the invention to provide a resource allocation system and method wherein if a dedicated
`UL resource is defined as a UL region in every N‘h frame and assigned to 3. M85, the M38 may transmit UL
`data on this dedicated channel until the end of the assignment period or until receiving Dedicated resource [E
`for the de—allocation. In addition to the dedicated resource, some extra UL resource may also be allocated by
`using normal DL MAP 113 if the M33 requires some extra UL resource.
`
`It is another object of the invention to provide for the power efficient operation of MSSs, wherein the M38
`monitors the DUULMAP messages in the frame where the M83 needs to decode data on the DL dedicated
`resource or needs to send data using the UL dedicated resource. In this case, the extra resource allocation
`happens in such a frame.
`In accordance with an embodiment of the invention the M33 monitors only the
`DUUbMAP messages in the frame where the M88 needs to decode data on the DL dedicated resource or
`needs to send data using the UL dedicated resource.
`
`It is another object of the invention that DUUL modulation and coding schemes (called DIUC and UIUC
`r‘espectively) may be changed in a slow fashion. The modification may be based on long term C/I statistics.
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW image Database on 051121'2005
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`Brief Description of the Figures
`
`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOI P
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`Figure l is a block representation of a celluiar communication system.
`
`Figure 2 is a block representation of a base station according to one embodiment of the present invention.
`
`Figure 3 is a block representation of a mobile terminal according to one embodiment of the present invention.
`
`Figure 4 is a logical breakdown of an OFDM transmitter architecture according to one embodiment of the
`
`present invention.
`
`Figure 5 is a logical breakdown of an OFDM receiver architecture according to one embodiment of the present
`
`invention.
`
`Figure 6 illustrates a pattern of sub-carriers for carrying pilot symbols in an OFDM environment.
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`Detailed Description of Embodiments of the Invention
`
`The following modification is based on IEEE standard p802.16elD5 which is hereby incorporated by reference.
`
`in accordance with embodiments of the invention dedicated resource allocation informatitm elements (IE5) are
`described.
`
`In accordance with an embodiment of the invontion Table 1 provides a BL MAP 1E format that may be used by
`a Basestation (B8)
`to allocate dedicate DL resource allocation to one or more MSSes and to de-
`allocationfmodify an existing allocation
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`Copy provided by USPTD tram the IFW Image Database on 05i12r'2005
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
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`Table 1 - Dedicated resource allocation IE format
`
`urea—m“
`__—
`
`——-_E_
`
`For
`
`(i=0;
`
`. kNumauocmaH) _—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`-'-'
`
`__—
`__—
`Duration(d)
`3 bits
`The allocation is valid for 10 x 2'
`frame starting from the next frame
`If
`:1 =0b000,
`the
`dedicated
`allocation is tie-allocated
`
`
`
`the dedicated
`If d =2 013111,
`resource shall be valid until the BS
`commands
`to
`de-allocate
`the
`dedicated allocation
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`__—
`__—
`__—
`“m—
`__—
`—_——
`__em__
`__—
`_-——
`Penod(p)
`2 bits
`The DL resource region is dedicated
`to a M88 in eve
`29th frame
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`_Wherein:
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`
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`Num_Allocations
`Number of allocations in this IE
`
`Duration(d)
`The allocation is valid for 10 x 2.d frames starting from the next frame
`If (1 ==Db000, the dedicated allocation is de-allocated
`If d m Oblll, the dedicated resource is valid until the BS commands to de-allocate the
`dedicated allocation
`
`Peri0d(p)
`The DL resource region is dedicated to 3 M88 in every 29th frame
`5
`
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`n..." nv-uIi-la-i kw "corn n-nm flue. ll=w Irma-m Database on 05:12:2005
`10
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
`
`in accordance with an embodiment of the invention Table 2 shows an UL MAP IE format that may be used by a
`ES to allocate dedicated UL resource allocations to one or more Mobile Subscriber Stations M353) and to de-
`allocate/modify an existing allocation.
`
`Table 2 — Dedicated resource allocation IE format
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`
`
`peasatedJesomJuocafioLm _—
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`
`
`, Extended-um
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`
`
`Num_Allocations
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`i<Num_Allocationsi,-H-)
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`Number of allocations111 this 1E
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`
`
`_—=16 bits
`The allocation is valid for 10 x—2'
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`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`Duration(d)
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`3 bits
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`frame starting from the next frame _
`If
`d
`==0b000,
`the
`dedicated
`allocation is de-allocated
`If d z: Oblil,
`the dedicated
`resource shall be valid until the BS
`commands
`to
`de-allocate
`the
`dedicated allocation
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`:—_E_=
`
`
`
`to :1 M85 in ever 29th frame
`___
`___
`
`__—
`
`_—
`_—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Wherein:
`
`Num_Allocations
`Number of allocations in this IE
`
`Durationfii)
`The allocation is valid for 10 x 26 frames starting from the next frame
`Ifd:=,0b000 the dedicated allocationIS tie-allocated
`6
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 051'121‘2005
`1 1
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`If C] == Oblll. the dedicated resource is valid until the BS commands to de—allocate the
`dedicated allocation
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`Period(p)
`The ULresource region is dedicated to a M88 in every 29th frame
`
`4
`J,9
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOi P
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`With reference to Figure l, a base station controller (BSC) 10 controls wireless communications within multiple
`
`cells 12, which are served by corresponding base stations (BS) 14.
`
`In general, each base station 14 facilitates
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`communications using OFDM with mobile terminals 16, which are within the cell 12 associated with the
`
`corresponding base station 14. The movement of the mobile terminals 16 in relation to the base stations 14
`
`results in significant fluctuation in channel conditions. As illustrated, the base stations 14 and mobile terminals
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`16 may include multiple antennas to provide spatial diversity for communications.
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`A high level overview of the mobile terminals 16 and base stations 14 of the present invention is provided prior
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`to delving into the structural and functional details of the preferred embodiments. With reference to Figure 2, a
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`base station 14 configured according to one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The base
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`station 14 generally includes a control system 20, a baseband processor 22, transmit circuitry 24, receive
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`circuitry 26, multiple antennas 28, and a network interface 30. The receive circuitry 26 receives radio
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`frequency signals bearing information from one or more remote transmitters provided by mobile terminals 16
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`{illustrated in Figure 3). Preferably, a low noise amplifier and a filter (not shown) cooperate to amplify and
`
`remove broadband interference from the signal for processing. Downconversion and digitization circuitry (not
`
`shown) will then downconvert the filtered, received signal to an intermediate or baseband frequency signal,
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`which is then digitized into one or more digital streams.
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`The baseband processor 22 processes the digitized received signal to extract the information or data bits
`
`conveyed in the received signal. This processing typicaily comprises demodulation, decoding, and error
`
`correction operations. As such. the baseband processor 22 is generally implemented in one or more digital
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`signal processors (DSPs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The received information is then
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`sent across a wireless network via the network interface 30 or transmitted to another mobile terminal 16
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`serviced by the base station 14.
`
`On the transmit side. the baseband processor 22 receives digitized data, which may represent voice, data, or
`
`control information, from the network interface 30 under the control of control system 20, and encodes the data
`
`for transmission. The encoded data is output to the transmit circuitry 24, where it is modulated by a carrier
`
`7
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`;———.————.—_————————————————-———-———
`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on can 32005
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`signal having a desired transmit frequency or frequencies. A power amplifier (not shown) will amplify the
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`modulated carrier signal to a level appropriate for transmission, and deliver the modulated carrier signal to the
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`antennas 23 through a matching network (not shown). Modulation and processing details are described in
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`greater detail below.
`
`Attorney Docket No. I7399ROUSOIP
`
`With reference to Figure 3, a mobile terminal 16 configured according to one embodiment of the present
`
`invention is illustrated. Similarly to the base station 14, the mobile terminal 16 will include a control system 32,
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`a baseband processor 34, transmit circuitry 36, receive circuitry 38, multiple antennas 40, and user interface
`
`circuitry 42. The receive circuitry 38 receives radio frequency signals bearing information from one or more
`
`base stations 14. Preferably, a low noise amplifier and a filter (not shown) cooperate to amplify and remove
`
`broadband interference from the signal for processing. Downconversion and digitization circuitry (not shown)
`
`will then downconvert the filtered, received signal to an intermediate or baseband frequency signal, which is
`
`then digitized into one or more digital streams.
`
`The baseband processor 34 processes the digitized received signal to extract the information or data bits
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`conveyed in the received signal. This processing typically comprises demodulation, decoding, and error
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`correction operations, as will be discussed on greater detail below. The baseband processor 34 is generally
`
`implemented in one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) and application specific integrated circuits
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`(AS ICs).
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`For transmission, the baseband processor 34 receives digitized data, which may represent voice, data, or control
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`information, from the control system 32, which it encodes for transmission. The encoded data is output to the
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`transmit circuitry 36, where it is used by a modulator to modulate a carrier signal that is at a desired transmit
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`frequency or frequencies. A power amplifier (not shown) will amplify the modulated carrier signal to a level
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`”appropriate for transmission, and deliver the modulated carrier signal to the antennas 40 through a matching
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`netWork (not shown). Various modulation and processing techniques available to those skilled in the art are
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`applicable to the present invention.
`
`In OFDM modulation, the transmission band is divided into multiple, orthogonal carrier waves. Each carrier
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`wave is modulated according to the digital data to be transmitted. Because OFDM divides the transmission
`
`band into multiple carriers, the bandwidth per carrier decreases and the modulation time per carrier increases.
`
`Since the multiple carriers are transmitted in parallel, the transmission rate for the digital data, or symbols, on
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`any given carrier is lower than when a single carrier is used.
`8
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
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`OFDM modulation requires the performance of an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the information to
`
`be transmitted. For demodulation, the performance of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the received signal is
`
`required to recover the transmitted information.
`
`In practice, the IFFT and FFI‘ are provided by digital signal
`
`processing carrying out an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFI‘) and Discrete Fourier Transform (DPT),
`
`respectively. Accordingly, the characterizing feature of OFDM modulation is that orthogonal carrier waves are -
`
`generated for multiple bands within a transmission channel. The modulated signals are digital signals having a
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`rrelatively low transmission rate and capable of staying within their respective bands. The individual carrier
`
`waves are not modulated directly by the digital signals.
`
`Instead, all carrier waves are modulated at once by
`
`EFT processing.
`
`In the preferred embodiment, OFDM is used for at least the downlink transmission from the base stations 14 to
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`the mobile terminals 16.
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`Each base station 14 is equipped with n transmit antennas 28, and each mobile
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`terminal 16 is equipped with we receive antennas 40. Notably, the respective antennas can be used for reception
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`and transmission using appmpriate duplexers or switches and are so labeled only for clarity.
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`With reference to Figure 4, a logical OFDM transmission architecture is provided according to one
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`embodiment.
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`Initially, the base station controller 10 will send data to be transmitted to various mobile
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`terminals 16 to the base station 14. The base station 14 may use the Cle associated with the mobile terminals
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`to schedule the data for transmission as Well as select appropriate coding and modulation for transmitting the
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`scheduled data. The Cle may be directly from the mobile terminals 16 or determined at the base station 14
`
`based on information provided by the mobile terminals 16.
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`In either case, the CQI for each mobile terminal 16
`
`is a function of the degree to which the channel amplitude (or response) varies across the OFDM frequency
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`band.
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`The scheduled data 44, which is a stream of bits, is scrambled in a manner reducing the peak-to—average powar
`— ratio associated with the data using data scrambling logic 46. A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for the
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`scrambled data is determined and appended to the scrambled data using CRC adding logic 48. Next, channel
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`coding is performed using channel encoder logic 50 to effectively add redundancy to the data to facilitate
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`recovery and error correction at the mobile terminal 16. Again, the channel coding for a particular mobile
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`terminal 16 is based on the CQI. The channel encoder logic 50 uses known Turbo encoding techniques in one
`
`embodiment. The encoded data is then processed by rate matching logic 52 to compensate for the data
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`expansion asserciated with encoding.
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`Capv crowded lav USPTO from the IFW Irma-ma thinks-ea nr- nan wanna
`14
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
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`Bit interleaver logic 54 systematically reorders the bits in the encoded data to minimize the loss of consecutive
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`data bits. The resultant data bits are systematically mapped into corresponding symbols depending on the
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`chosen baseband modulation by mapping logic 56. Preferably, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) or
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`Quadrature Phase Shift Key (QPSK) modulation is used. The degree of modulation is preferably chosen based
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`on the CQI for the particular mobile terminal. The symbols may be systematically reordered to further bolster
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`the immunity of the transmitted signal to periodic data loss caused by frequency selective fading using symbol
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`interleaver logic 58.
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`At this point, groups of bits have been mapped into symbols representing locations in an amplitude and phase
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`constellation. When spatial diversity is desired, blocks of symbols are then processed by space-time block
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`code (STC) encoder logic 60, which modifies the symbols in a fashion making the transmitted signals more
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`resistant to interference and more readily decoded at a mobile terminal 16. The STC encoder logic 60 will
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`process the incoming symbols and provide is outputs corresponding to the number of transmit antennas 28 for
`the base station 14. The control system 20 andfor baseband processor 22 will provide a mapping control signal
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`to control STC encoding. At this point, assume the symbols for the n outputs are representative of the data to
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`be transmitted and capable of being recovered by the mobile terminal 16. See A.F. Naguib, N. Seshadri, and
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`AR. Calderbank, “Applications of Space-time codes and interference suppression for high capacity and high
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`data rate wireless systems,” Thirty-S econd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, Volume 2,
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`pp. 1803-1810, 1998, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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`For the present example, assume the base station 14 has two antennas 28 (a=2) and the STC encoder logic 60
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`provides two output streams of symbols. Accordingly, each of the symbol streams output by the STC encoder
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`logic 60 is sent to a corresponding IFFI‘ processor 62, illustrated separately for ease of understanding. Those
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`skilled in the art will recognize that one or more processors may be used to provide such digital signal
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`processing, alone or in combination with other processing described herein. The IFFI' processors 62 will
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`preferably operate on the respective symbols to provide an inverse Fourier Transform. The output of the IFFT
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`processors 62 provides symbols in the time domain. The time domain symbols are grouped into frames, which
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`are associated with a prefix by like insertion logic 64. Each of the resultant signals is tip-converted in the
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`digital domain to an intermediate frequency and converted to an analog signal via the corresponding digital up-
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`conversion (DUC) and digital—to—analog (DIA) conversion circuitry 66. The resultant (analog) signals are then
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`simultaneously modulated at the desired RF frequency, amplified. and transmitted via the RF circuitry 68 and
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`antennas 28. Notably, pilot signals known by the intended mobile terminal 16 are scattered among the sub-
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`carriers. The mobile terminal 16, which is discussed in detail below, will use the pilot signals for channel
`estimation.
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSO l P
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`Reference is now made to Figure 5 to illustrate reception of the transmitted signals by a mobile terminal 16.
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`Upon arrival of the transmitted signals at each of the antennas 40 of the mobile terminal 16, the respective
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`signals are demodulated and amplified by corresponding RF circuitry 70. For the sake of conciseness and
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`clarity, only one of the two receive paths is described and illustrated in detail. Analog-to-digital (AID)
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`converter and down-conversion circuitry '72 digitizes and downconverts the analog signal for digital processing.
`'The resultant digitized signal may be used by automatic gain control circuitry (AGC) 74 to control the gain of
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`the amplifiers in the RF circuitry 70 based on the received signal level.
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`Initially, the digitized signal is provided to synchronization logic ’76, which includes coarse synchronization
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`logic 78, which buffers several OFDM symbols and calculates an auto-correlation between the two successive
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`OFDM symbols. A resultant time index corresponding to the maximum of the correlation result determines a
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`fine synchronization search window, which is used by fine synchronizatioa logic 80 to determine a precise
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`framing starting position based on the headers. The output of the fine synchronization logic 80 facilitates
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`frame acquisition by frame alignment logic 84. Proper framing alignment is important so that subsequent FFT
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`processing provides an accurate conversion from the time to the frequency domain. The fine synchronization
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`algorithm is based on the correlation between the received pilot signals carried by the headers and a local copy
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`of the known pilot data. Once frame alignment acquisition occurs, the prefix of the OFDM symbol is removed
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`with prefix removal logic 36 and resultant samples are sent to frequency offset correction logic 38, which
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`compensates for the system frequency offset caused by the unmatched local oscillators in the transmitter and the
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`receiver. Preferably, the synchronization logic 76 includes frequency offset and clock estimation logic 82,
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`which is based on the headers to help estimate such effects or: the transmitted signal and provide those
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`estimations to the correction logic 88 to properly process OFDM symbols.
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`At this point, the OFDM symbols in the time domain are ready for conversion to the frequency domain using
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`FFl' processing logic 90. The results are frequency domain symbols, which are sent to processing logic 92.
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`The processing logic 92 extracts the scattered pilot signal using scattered pilot extraction logic 94, determines a
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`channel estimate based on the extracted pilot signal using channel estimation logic 96, and provides channel
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`responses for all sub-carriers using channel reconstruction logic 98.
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`In order to determine a channel response
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`for each of the sub-carriers, the pilot signal is essentially multiple pilot symbols that are scattered among the
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`data symbols throughout the OFDM sub-carriers in a known pattern in both time and frequency. Figure 6
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`Attorney Docket No. 173 99ROUSOIP
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`illustrates an exemplary scattering of pilot symbols among available sub-carriers over a given time and
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`frequency plot in an OFDM environment. Continuing with Figure 5, the processing logic compares the
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`received pilot symbols with the pilot symbols that are expected in certain sub-carriers at certain times to
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`determine a channel response for the sub—carriers in which pilot symbols were transmitted. The results are
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`interpolated to estimate a channel response for most, if not all. of the remaining sub-carriers for which pilot
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`symbols were not provided. The actual and interpolated channel responses are used to estimate an overall
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`channel response, which includes the channel responses for most, if not all, of the sub-carriers in the OFDM
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`channel.
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`The frequency domain symbols and channel reconstruction information, which are derived from the channel
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`responses for each receive path are provided to an STC decoder 100, which provides STC decoding on both
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`received paths to recover the transmitted symbols. The channel reconstruction information provides
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`equalization information to the STC decoder 100 sufficient to remove the effects of the transmission channel
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`when processing the respective frequency domain symbols
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`The recovered symbols are placed back in order using symbol de-interleaver logic 102, which corresponds to
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`the symbol interleaver logic 58 of the transmitter. The de—interleaved symbols are then demodulated or de-
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`mapped to a corresponding bitstream using tie-mapping logic 104. The bits are then de—interleaved using bit
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`de-interleaver logic 106, which corresponds to the bit interleaver logic 54 of the transmitter architecture. The
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`de—interleaved bits are then processed by rate de-matching logic 108 and presented to channel decoder logic 110
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`to recover the initially scrambled data and the CRC checksum. Accordingly, CRC logic 112 removes the CRC
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`checksurn, checks the scrambled data in traditional fashion, and provides it to the de-scrambling logic 1 14 for
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`de-scramblin g using the known base station de-scrambling code to recover the originally transmitted data 116.
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`“In parallel to recovering the data 116, a CQI. or at least information sufficient to create a CQI at the base station
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`14, is determined and transmitted to the base station 14. As noted above, the CQI in a preferred embodiment is
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`F a function of the carrier—to—interference ratio (CIR), as well as the degree to which the channel response varies
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`across the various sub~carriers in the OFDM frequency hand. For this embodiment, the channel gain for each
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`sub-carrier in the OFDM frequency band being used to transmit information are compared relative to one
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`another to determine the degree to which the channel gain varies across the OFDM frequency band. Although
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`numerous techniques are available to measure the degree of variation, one technique is to calculate the standard
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`deviation of the channel gain for each sub-carrier throughout the OFDM frequency band being used to transmit
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`data.
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`Attorney Docket No. I7399ROUSOI P
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`WE CLAIM:
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`l .
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`2.
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`"
`A method comprising:
`c Provisioning a plurality of frames for transmission to a tenninal, said plurality of frames including
`resources;
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`a Wherein for at least two frames said resources are allocated together
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`A method comprising:
`- Provisioning a plurality of frames for transmission to