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`Attorney Docket No, 17399ROUSOIP
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`PROVISIONAL PATENT APPLICATION
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`SUBMITTED ON OCTOBER15, 2004
`
`8
`
`TITLE:
`
`MAC LAYER AND PHYSICAL LAYER SYSTEMS AND METHODS
`
`INVENTOR:
`
`HANG ZHANG
`24 Gardengate Way
`Nepean, Ontario
`Canada
`K2G §Z1
`
`MO-HAN FONG
`1578 Bay Road
`L’Original, Ontario
`Canada
`KOB 1K0
`
`PEIYING ZHU
`16 Pebble Creek Crescent
`Kanata, Ontario
`K2M 2L4
`
`WEN TONG
`12 Whitestone Drive
`Ottawa, Ontario
`Canada
`K2C 4A7
`
`m
`
`JIANGLEI MA
`3 Bon Echo Crescent
`Ottawa, Ontario
`K2M 2W5
`
`Gopy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 05/12/2005
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
`
`Section 1
`
`RESOURCE ALLOCATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINISTIC
`TRAFFIC
`*
`
`Section 2
`
`FEEDBACK HEADER SYSTEMS AND METHODS
`
`Section 3
`
`HIERARCHICAL MAP STRUCTURE SYSTEMS AND METHODS
`
`Section 4
`
`PILOT PATTERN SYSTEM AND METHOD
`
`Section 5
`
`SHORT DATA BURST SYSTEMS AND METHODS
`
`Section 6
`
`UPLINK CHANNEL SYSTEMS AND METHODS
`
`Section 7
`
`DOWNLINK RESOURCE ALLOCATION SYSTEM AND METHOD
`
`—_——SrOOOOOOao_——ll>
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
`
`RESOURCE ALLOCATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETERMINISTIC TRAFFIC
`
`Field of the Invention
`
`.
`
`This invention generally relates to the field of wireless communications. More specifically to resource
`allocation systems and methods for broadband mobile wireless metropolitan area networks including networks
`operating according to the IEEE 802.16(e) standard.
`
`7
`
`Background of the Invention
`
`In the current 802.16e standard draft (p802.16e/D5), the downlink / uplink (DL/UL) resource assignments are
`indicated by DL/UL map information elements (IEs) in the DL/UL-MAP message. The current resource
`assignmentis performed on the frame-by-framebasis.
`
`For services, like unsolicited grant service (UGS)andreal-time polling service (rtPS), the data arriving arriving
`at the transmitter (i.e. BS for DL and MSS for UL) has certain deterministic patterns and in certain cases may
`also be stream-like. For these types oftraffic, if resource assignment has to be performed on a frame-by-frame
`basis, large amounts of MAC overhead will be incurred.
`
`A need exists therefore for improved systems and methods for resource allocation for handling deterministic
`traffic.
`.
`
`SS
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`Summary of the Invention
`
`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
`
`It is an object of the invention to simplify the resource assignment for UGS and rtPS, to reduce unnecessary
`MACoverhead.
`
`It is an object of the invention to provide a resource allocation system and methodfor use in networks operating
`in accordance with the IEEE 802.16 standard.
`
`Further objects of the invention include provide the following:
`*
`e ADL MAP IE - According to this aspect of the invention the dedicated resource allocation IE may
`allocate dedicated DL resource for a certain period of time. Such an allocation may be de-allocated or
`modified at any time
`* A UL MAP IE - According to this aspect of the invention the Dedicated resource allocation IE may
`allocate dedicated UL resource for a certain period of time. Such an allocation may be de-allocated and
`modified at any time
`
`&
`
`It is a further object of the invention to provide a resource allocation system and method wherein if a dedicated
`DLresource is defined as a DL region in every N“ frame and assigned to a MSS, the MSS may decode this
`dedicated channel until the end of the assignment period or until receiving a Dedicated resource IE for the de-
`allocation. In addition to the dedicated resource, additional DL resource mayalso be allocated by using normal
`DL MAPIE if the dedicated resource is not enough to send the buffered data.
`
`It is a further object of the invention to provide a resource allocation system and method wherein if a dedicated
`UL resource is defined as a UL region in every N" frame and assigned to a MSS, the MSS may transmit UL
`data on this dedicated channel until the end of the assignment period or until receiving Dedicated resource IE
`for the de-allocation. In addition to the dedicated resource, some extra UL resource may also be allocated by
`using normal DL MAPIE if the MSS requires some extra UL resource.
`
`It is another object of the invention to provide for the powerefficient operation of MSSs, wherein the MSS
`monitors the DL/UL-MAP messages in the frame where the MSS needs to decode data on the DL dedicated
`resource or needs to send data using the UL dedicated resource. In this case, the extra resource allocation
`happens in such a frame.
`In accordance with an embodiment of the invention the MSS monitors only the
`DL/UL-MAP messages in the frame where the MSS needs to decode data on the DL dedicated resource or
`needs to send data using the UL dedicated resource.
`
`It is another object of the invention that DL/UL modulation and coding schemes (called DIUC and UIUC
`respectively) may be changed in a slow fashion. The modification may be based on long term C/{ statistics.
`
` ——
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`Brief Description of the Figures
`
`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
`
`Figure 1 is a block representation of a cellular communication system,
`Figure 2 is a block representation of a base station according to one embodimentofthe present invention,
`
`Figure 3 is a block representation of a mobile terminal according to one embodimentofthe present invention.
`Figure 4 is a logical breakdown of an OFDMtransmitter architecture according to one embodimentofthe
`
`present invention.
`Figure 5 is a logical breakdown of an OFDMreceiverarchitecture according to one embodimentof the present
`invention.
`Figure 6 illustrates a pattern of sub-carriers for carrying pilot symbols in an OFDM environment.
`
`Detailed Description of Embodiments of the Invention
`
`The following modification is based on IEEE standard p802.16e/D5 which is hereby incorporated by reference.
`
`In accordance with embodiments of the invention dedicated resource allocation information elements (TEs) are
`described.
`
`In accordance with an embodimentof the invention Table 1 provides a DL MAP IE format that may be used by
`a Basestation (BS)
`to allocate dedicate DL resource allocation to one or more MSSes and to de-
`allocation/modify an existing allocation
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 05/12/2005
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`Table 1 — Dedicated resource allocation [E format
`|CSyntaxCdSeCN
`|Dedicated_resource_allocationEO|CTC“(C:CSCSCid
`
`Attorney Docket No, 17399ROUSOIP
`
`|LengthtCCC—C“‘d‘S(tSCidLengthinbytes
`
`
`
`
` |_ifd@'s000)
`
`
`
`
`
`|
`
`i<Num_Allocations;it++)
`Pe
`|cmCidts
`Duration(d)
`3 bits
`The allocation is valid for 10 x 2°
`frame starting from the next frame
`If
`d
`==0b000,
`the
`dedicated
`allocation is de-allocated
`If d == Oblil,
`the dedicated
`resource shall be valid until the BS
`commands
`to
` de-allocate
`the
`dedicated allocation
`
`NEcnQO
`
`
`[DUCC(i‘“C;s*é‘~*C‘HS
`
`
`|___OFDMAsymboloffset—s|8bitsCdCC“C:C“‘“NNCOCOC#C(C(C‘idC
`Subchannel_offset f6bits
`
`|_Boostng=—“é‘i‘SCS
`|_No.OFDMAsymbols—ss*([8bitsCTC—C(i‘“C‘“‘C:sSCSCsiszr
`|_No.subchannelsCfSitsCT
`
`
`
`|___RepetitionIndicationCoding|2bits|
`
`to a MSSin every 2th frame
`PO
`
`PO
`
`»
`
`.Wherein:
`
`Num_Allocations
`Numberofallocations in this IE
`Duration(d)
`The allocation is valid for 10 x 2° frames starting from the next frame
`If d ==0b000, the dedicated allocation is de-allocated
`If d == Obi1l, the dedicated resource is valid until the BS commands to de-allocate the
`dedicated allocation
`
`Period(p)
`The DL resource region is dedicated to a MSS in every 2’th frame
`5
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`Pammemsidaed bye HOOT femme the IFW Imada Datahase on 05/12/2005
`10
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
`
`In accordance with an embodimentof the invention Table 2 shows an UL MAP IE format that may be used by a
`BSto allocate dedicated UL resource allocations to one or more Mobile Subscriber Stations (MSSs) and to de-
`allocate/modify an existing allocation.
`
`Table 2 — Dedicated resourceallocation [E format
`
`Syntax
`|Dedicated_resource_allocationIEQ[|i(i‘“‘;‘*LSOOOOOUUUOC‘C(RRNCC‘éz
`[ExendedUIUC«dSSSC~C~“~*~‘~irOOSSC“‘CN#NON#N#C#C#®S
`
`For
`i<Num_Allocations;i++)
`
`Duration(d)
`
`i
`
`The allocation is valid for 10 x 2°
`framestarting from the next frame _
`If
`d
`==0b000,
`the
`dedicated
`allocation is de-allocated
`If d = ObliL,
`the dedicated
`resource shall be valid until the BS
`commands
`to
`de-allocate
`the
`dedicated allocation
`
`If (d!=000 }
`
`Wherein:
`Num_Allocations
`Numberofallocations in this IE
`Duration(d)
`Theallocation is valid for 10 x 2° frames starting from the next frame
`If d ==0b000,the dedicated allocation is de-allocated
`
`6 C
`
`opy provided by USPTO from the IFW Image Database on 05/12/2005
`11
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`

`If d == Ob111, the dedicated resource is valid until the BS commands to de-allocate the
`dedicated allocation
`Period(p)
`The UL resource regionis dedicated to a MSS in every 2°th frame
`
`2
`=,
`
`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSO1P
`
`With reference to Figure 1, a base station controller (BSC) 10 controls wireless communications within multiple
`cells 12, which are served by corresponding basestations (BS) 14.
`In general, each basestation 14 facilitates
`communications using OFDM with mobile terminals 16, which are within the cell 12 associated with the
`
`correspondingbase station 14. The movementof the mobile terminals 16 in relation to the base stations 14
`
`results in significant fluctuation in channel conditions. Asillustrated, the base stations 14 and mobile terminals
`
`16 may include multiple antennas to provide spatial diversity for communications.
`
`A high level overview of the mobile terminals 16 and base stations 14 of the present invention is provided prior
`
`to delving into the structural and functional details of the preferred embodiments. With reference to Figure 2, a
`
`base station 14 configured according to one embodimentof the present inventionis illustrated. The base
`
`station 14 generally includes a control system 20, a baseband processor 22, transmit circuitry 24, receive
`
`circuitry 26, multiple antennas 28, and a network interface 30. The receive circuitry 26 receives radio
`
`frequency signals bearing information from one or more remote transmitters provided by mobile terminals 16
`
`(illustrated in Figure 3). Preferably, a low noise amplifier andafilter (not shown) cooperate to amplify and
`
`remove broadband interference from the signal for processing. Downconversion and digitization circuitry (not
`
`shown) will then downconvert the filtered, received signal to an intermediate or baseband frequency signal,
`
`which is then digitized into one or more digital streams.
`
`The baseband processor 22 processes the digitized received signal to extract the information or data bits
`conveyedin the received signal. This processing typically comprises demodulation, decoding, and error
`correction operations. As such, the baseband processor 22 is generally implemented in one or moredigital
`
`signal processors (DSPs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The received information is then
`
`sent across a wireless network via the network interface 30 or transmitted to another mobile terminal 16
`
`serviced by the base station 14.
`
`On the transmit side, the baseband processor 22 receives digitized data, which may represent voice, data, or
`
`control information, from the network interface 30 under the control of control system 20, and encodes the data
`
`for transmission. The encoded data is output to the transmit circuitry 24, where it is modulated by a carrier
`
`7
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`signal having a desired transmit frequency or frequencies. A power amplifier (not shown) will amplify the
`modulated carrier signal to a level appropriate for transmission, and deliver the modulated carrier signal to the
`antennas 28 through a matching network (not shown). Modulation and processing details are described in
`greater detail below.
`
`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
`
`With reference to Figure 3, a mobile terminal 16 configured according to one ernbodimentof the present
`
`invention is illustrated. Similarly to the base station 14, the mobile terminal 16 will include a control system 32,
`
`a baseband processor34, transmit circuitry 36, receive circuitry 38, multiple antennas 40, and user interface
`circuitry 42, The receive circuitry 38 receives radio frequencysignals bearing information from one or more
`base stations 14. Preferably, a low noise amplifier and a filter (not shown) cooperate to amplify and remove
`
`broadband interference from the signal for processing. Downconversion and digitization circuitry (not shown)
`
`will then downconvert the filtered, received signal to an intermediate or baseband frequency signal, which is
`
`then digitized into one or more digital streams.
`
`The baseband processor 34 processes the digitized received signal to extract the information or data bits
`conveyed in the received signal. This processing typically comprises demodulation, decoding, and error
`
`correction operations, as will be discussed on greater detail below. The baseband processor 34 is generally
`
`implemented in one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) and application specific integrated circuits
`
`(ASICs).
`
`For transmission, the baseband processor 34 receives digitized data, which may represent voice, data, or control
`
`information, from the control system 32, which it encodes for transmission. The encoded data is output to the
`transmit circuitry 36, where it is used by a modulator to modulate a carrier signalthat is at a desired transmit
`frequency or frequencies. A power amplifier (not shown) will amplify the modulated carrier signal to a level
`
`‘appropriate for transmission, and deliver the modulated carrier signal to the antennas 40 through a matching
`
`network (not shown). Various modulation and processing techniques available to those skilled in the art are
`
`applicable to the present invention.
`
`In OFDM modulation, the transmission band is divided into multiple, orthogonal carrier waves. Each carrier
`wave is modulated accordingto the digital data to be transmitted. Because OFDM divides the transmission
`
`band into multiple carriers, the bandwidth per carrier decreases and the modulation time per carrier increases.
`Since the multiple carriers are transmitted in parallel, the transmission rate for the digital data, or symbols, on
`
`any given carrier is lower than whena single carrier is used.
`8
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`

`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
`
`OFDM modulation requires the performance of an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the information to
`
`be transmitted. For demodulation, the performance of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the receivedsignalis
`
`required to recover the transmitted information.
`
`In practice, the IFFT and FFT are provided by digital signal
`
`processing carrying out an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT),
`
`respectively. Accordingly, the characterizing feature of OFDM modulation is that orthogonal carrier waves are -
`generated for multiple bandswithin a transmission channel. The modulatedsignals are digital signals having a
`relatively low transmission rate and capable of staying within their respective bands. The individual carrier
`waves are not modulated directly by the digital signals.
`Instead, all carrier waves are modulated at once by
`
`IFFT processing.
`
`In the preferred embodiment, OFDMis used for at least the downlink transmission from the base stations 14 to
`
`the mobile terminals 16,|Each basestation 14 is equipped with n transmit antennas 28, and each mobile
`
`terminal 16 is equipped with m receive antennas 40. Notably, the respective antennas can be used for reception
`
`and transmission using appropriate duplexers or switches and are so labeled only for clarity.
`
`With reference to Figure 4, a logical OFDM transmission architecture is provided according to one
`
`embodiment.
`
`Initially, the base station controller 10 will send data to be transmitted to various mobile
`
`terminals 16 to the base station 14. The base station 14 may use the CQIs associated with the mobile terminals
`
`to schedule the data for transmission as well as select appropriate coding and modulation for transmitting the
`
`scheduled data. The CQIs may be directly from the mobile terminals 16 or determinedat the base station 14
`
`based on information provided by the mobile terminals 16.
`
`In either case, the CQI for each mobile terminal 16
`
`is a function of the degree to which the channel amplitude (or response) varies across the OFDM frequency
`
`band.
`
`The scheduled data 44, whichis a stream ofbits, is scrambled in a manner reducing the peak-to-average power
`
`ratio associated with the data using data scrambling logic 46. A cyclic redundancy check (CRC)for the
`
`scrambled data is determined and appendedto the scrambled data using CRC adding logic 48. Next, channel
`
`coding is performed using channel encoderlogic 50 to effectively add redundancyto the data to facilitate
`
`recovery and error correction at the mobile terminal 16. Again, the channel coding for a particular mobile
`
`terminal 16 is based on the CQI. The channel encoder logic 50 uses known Turbo encoding techniques in one
`
`embodiment. The encoded data is then processed by rate matching logic 52 to compensate for the data
`
`expansion associated with encoding.
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the IFW Imana Natahace pr NOAA
`14
`
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`

`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
`
`Bit interleaver logic 54 systematically reorders the bits in the encoded data to minimize the loss of consecutive
`
`data bits. The resultant data bits are systematically mapped into corresponding symbols depending on the
`chosen baseband modulation by mapping logic 56. Preferably, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)or
`
`Quadrature Phase Shift Key (QPSK) modulation is used. The degree of modulation is preferably chosen based
`on the CQIfor the particular mobile terminal. The symbols may be systematically reordered to further bolster
`the immunityof the transmitted signal to periodic data loss caused by frequencyselective fading using symbol
`interleaver logic 58.
`
`At this point, groups of bits have been mapped into symbols representing locations in an amplitude and phase
`
`constellation. When spatial diversity is desired, blocks of symbols are then processed by space-time block
`
`code (STC) encoder logic 60, which modifies the symbols in a fashion making the transmitted signals more
`
`resistant to interference and more readily decoded at a mobile terminal 16. The STC encoderlogic 60 will
`
`process the incoming symbols and provide x outputs corresponding to the number of transmit antennas 28 for
`the base station 14. The control system 20 and/or baseband processor 22 will provide a mapping control signal
`to control STC encoding. At this point, assume the symbols for the n outputs are representative of the data to
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`be transmitted and capable of being recovered by the mobile terminal 16. See A.F. Naguib, N. Seshadri, and
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`A.R. Calderbank, “Applications of space-time codes and interference suppression for high capacity and high
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`data rate wireless systems,” Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, Volume 2,
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`pp. 1803-1810, 1998, which is incorporated herein by referencein its entirety.
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`For the present example, assume the base station 14 has two antennas 28 (n=2) and the STC encoderlogic 60
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`provides two output streams of symbols. Accordingly, each of the symbol streams output by the STC encoder
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`logic 60 is sent to a corresponding IFFT processor 62, illustrated separately for ease of understanding. Those
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`©
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`skilled in the art will recognize that one or more processors may be used to provide such digital signal
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`processing, alone or in combination with other processing described herein. The IFFT processors 62 will
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`preferably operate on the respective symbols to provide an inverse Fourier Transform. The output of the IFFT
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`processors 62 provides symbols in the time domain. The time domain symbols are grouped into frames, which
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`are associated with a prefix by like insertion logic 64. Each of the resultant signals is up-converted in the
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`digital domain to an intermediate frequency and converted to an analog signal via the corresponding digital up-
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`conversion (DUC) and digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion circuitry 66. The resultant (analog) signals are then
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`simultaneously modulated at the desired RF frequency, amplified, and transmitted via the RF circuitry 68 and
`antennas 28. Notably, pilot signals known by the intended mobile terminal 16 are scattered among the sub-
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`carriers. The mobile terminal 16, which is discussed in detail below,will use the pilot signals for channel
`estimation.
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
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`Reference is now madeto Figure5toillustrate reception of the transmitted signals by a mobile terminal 16.
`Uponarrival of the transmitted signals at each of the antennas 40 of the mobile terminal 16, the respective
`Signals are demodulated and amplified by corresponding RF circuitry 70. For the sake of conciseness and
`clarity, only one of the two receive paths is described andillustrated in detail. Analog-to-digital (A/D)
`converter and down-conversion circuitry 72 digitizes and downconverts the analog signal for digital processing.
`Theresultant digitized signal may be used by automatic gain control circuitry (AGC) 74 to control the gain of
`the amplifiers in the RF circuitry 70 based on the received signal level.
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`Initially, the digitized signal is provided to synchronization logic 76, which includes coarse synchronization
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`logic 78, which buffers several OFDM symbols and calculates an auto-correlation between the two successive
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`OFDM symbols. A resultant time index corresponding to the maximum ofthe correlation result determines a
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`fine synchronization search window,whichis used by fine synchronization logic 80 to determine a precise
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`frarning starting position based on the headers. The outputof the fine synchronization logic 80 facilitates
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`frame acquisition by frame alignmentlogic 84. Proper framing alignment is important so that subsequent FFT
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`processing provides an accurate conversion from the time to the frequency domain. The fine synchronization
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`algorithm is based on the correlation between the received pilot signals carried by the headers and a local copy
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`of the knownpilot data, Once frame alignment acquisition occurs, the prefix of the OFDM symbol is removed
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`with prefix removal logic 86 and resultant samples are sent to frequency offset correction logic 88, which
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`compensates for the system frequency offset caused by the unmatched local oscillators in the transmitter and the
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`receiver. Preferably, the synchronization logic 76 includes frequency offset and clock estimation logic 82,
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`which is based on the headers to help estimate such effects on the transmitted signal and provide those
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`estimations to the correction logic 88 to properly process OFDM symbols.
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`Atthis point, the OFDM symbols in the time domain are ready for conversion to the frequency domain using
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`FFT processing logic 90. The results are frequency domain symbols, which are sent to processing logic 92.
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`The processing logic 92 extracts the scattered pilot signal using scattered pilot extraction logic 94, determines a
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`channel estimate based on the extracted pilot signal using channel estimation logic 96, and provides channel
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`responses forall sub-carriers using channel reconstruction Iogic 98.
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`In order to determine a channel response
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`for each of the sub-carriers, the pilot signal is essentially multiple pilot symbols that are scattered among the
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`data symbols throughout the OFDM sub-carriers in a known pattern in both time and frequency. Figure 6
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSOIP
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`illustrates an exemplary scattering of pilot symbols among available sub-carriers over a given time and
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`frequency plot inan OFDM environment. Continuing with Figure 5, the processing logic compares the
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`received pilot symbols with the pilot symbols that are expected in certain sub-carriers at certain times to
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`determine a channel responsefor the sub-carriers in which pilot symbols were transmitted. The results are
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`interpolated to estimate a channel response for most,if not all, of the remaining sub-carriers for which pilot
`symbols were not provided. The actual and interpolated channel responses are used to estimate an overall
`channel response, which includes the channel responses for most, if not all, of the sub-carriers in the OFDM
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`channel,
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`The frequency domain symbols and channel reconstruction information, which are derived from the channel
`responsesfor each receive path are provided to an STC decoder 100, which provides STC decoding on both
`received paths to recover the transmitted symbols. The channel reconstruction information provides
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`equalization information to the STC decoder 100 sufficient to remove the effects of the transmission channel
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`when processing the respective frequency domain symbols
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`The recovered symbols are placed back in order using symbol de-interleaver logic 102, which corresponds to
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`the symbolinterleaver logic 58 of the transmitter. The de-interleaved symbols are then demodulated or de-
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`mapped to a corresponding bitstream using de-mapping logic 104. The bits are then de-interleaved using bit
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`de-interleaver logic 106, which correspondsto the bit interleaver logic 54 of the transmitter architecture. The
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`de-interleaved bits are then processed by rate de-matching logic 108 and presented to channel decoder logic 110
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`to recoverthe initially scrambled data and the CRC checksum. Accordingly, CRC logic 112 removes the CRC
`checksum, checks the scrambled data in traditional fashion, and providesit to the de-scrambling Jogic 114 for
`de-scrambling using the knownbasestation de-scrambling code to recover the originally transmitted data 116.
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`“In parallel to recovering the data 116, a CQI,orat least information sufficient to create a CQIat the base station
`14, is determined and transmitted to the base station 14. As noted above, the CQI in a preferred embodimentis
`“a function ofthe carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR), as well as the degree to which the channel response varies
`across the various sub-carriers in the OFDM frequency band. For this embodiment, the channel gain for each
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`sub-carrier in the OFDM frequencyband being used to transmit information are comparedrelative to one
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`another to determine the degree to which the channel gain varies across the OFDM frequency band. Although
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`numerous techniques are available to measure the degree of variation, one techniqueis to calculate the standard
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`deviation of the channel gain for each sub-carrier throughout the OFDM frequency band being used to transmit
`data.
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`Attorney Docket No. 17399ROUSO1P
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`WE CLAIM:
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`A method comprising:
`Provisioning a plurality of frames for transmission to a terminal, said plurality of frames including
`resources;
`Wherein for at least two frames said resourcesare allocated together
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`“at
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`A method comprising:
`Provisioning a plurality o