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`== Aww
`S0E120
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`US. PatentandTrademark Office:US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`'
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`= wo
`=.
`PROVISIONALAPPLICATIONFOR PATENTCOVERSHEET”°° 8 on mor
`a PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENTunder37 CFR 1.53(c).
`= ;,
`This is a requestfor filing
`
`vu
`
`60/698486I113264U.g.PTp
`a
`LJ
`Given Name(first and middle[if any])
`
`=
`
`INVENTOR(S)
`
`Family Name or Surname
`
`;
`
`Carlos
`
`Joonsuk
`
`Aldana
`
`Kim
`
`_
`Residence
`City andeither State or Foreign Country)
`
`Mountain View CA
`
`San Jose CA
`
`USA
`
`USA
`
`separately numbered sheets attached hereto
`[| Additional inventors are being named on the
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION(280 characters max)
`EFFICIENT FEEDBACK FOR CHANNEL INFORMATION IN CLOSED LOOP BEAMFORMINGIN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
`
`
`
`Applicant claims small entity status. See 37 CFR 1.27.
`A check or money orderis enclosed to coverthefiling fees
`[|The Commissioneris hereby authorized to chargefiling
`fees or credit any overpayment to Deposit Account Number: [
`K__]Paymentby credit card. Form PTO-2038is attached.
`The invention was made by an agency of the United States Governmentor under a contract with an agency of the
`United States Government.
`i ]No
`|_| Yes, the nameof the US Government agency and the Governmentcontract numberare:
`Respectfully submitted,
`7/13/2005
`
`SIGNATURE /Bruce E. Garlick/
`oo REGISTRATION NQscana
`TYPED or PRINTED NAME_BruceE.Garlick
`(if appropriate)
`(512) 264-8816
`Docket Number:
`BPJK071305
`TELEPHONEneee
`
`Direct all correspondence to:
`
`CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
`
`OR
`
`|
`
`Type Customer Number Here
`
`Bruce E. Garlick
`
`P.O. Box 160727
`
`Bar Code Label here
`
`Country
`
`(512) 264-8816
`
`(512) 264-3735
`
`ENCLOSED APPLICATION PARTS(checkall that apply)
`
`| specicaton NuborofPages
`[Joosuneer [J
`| Drawing(s) Number of Sheets a[|Application DataSheet. See37CFR 1.76
`fo
`
`METHOD OF PAYMENT OFFILING FEES FOR THIS PROVISIONAL APPLICATIONS FOR PATENT
`
`FILING FEE
`AMOUNT($)
`200.00
`
`USE ONLY FOR FILING A PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENT
`SEND TO Box Provisional Application, Assistant Commissioner for Patents, Washington, DC 20231
`1
`HUAWEI 1011
`
`1
`
`HUAWEI 1011
`
`

`

`DOCKETNO. BPJK071305
`
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION
`EFFICIENT FEEDBACK FOR CHANNEL INFORMATIONIN CLOSED LOOP
`
`BEAMFORMING IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
`
`INVENTORS
`* Carlos Aldana —
`Joonsuk Kim
`
`10
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates generally to wireless communication systems and more
`
`particularly to wireless communications using beamforming.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
`
`Communication systems are known to support wireless and wire
`
`lined
`
`communications between wireless and/or wire lined communication devices.
`
`Such
`
`communication systems range from national and/or international cellular telephone
`systems to the Internet to point-to-point in-home wireless networks. Each type of
`
`20
`
`communication system is constructed, and hence operates,
`
`in accordance with one or
`
`For instance, wireless communication systems may
`more communication standards.
`operate in accordance with one or more standards including, but not limited to, IEEE
`802.11, Bluetooth, advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global
`
`system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), local
`
`25
`
`multi-point distribution systems (LMDS), multi-channel-multi-point distribution systems
`
`(MMDS), and/orvariations thereof.
`
`Depending on
`
`the
`
`type of wireless communication system, a wireless
`
`communication device, such as a cellular telephone,
`
`two-way radio, personal digital
`
`30
`
`assistant
`
`(PDA), personal computer
`
`(PC),
`
`laptop computer, home entertainment
`
`equipment,
`
`et
`
`cetera communicates directly or
`
`indirectly with other wireless
`
`2
`
`

`

`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`communication devices.
`
`For direct communications (also known as point-to-point
`
`communications), the participating wireless communication devices tune their receivers
`and transmitters to the same channel or channels (e.g., one of the plurality of radio
`frequency (RF) carriers of the wireless communication system) and communicate over
`
`that channel(s). For indirect wireless communications, each wireless communication
`
`- device communicates directly with an associated base station (e.g., for cellular services)
`
`and/or an associated access point (e.g., for an in-homeor in-building wireless network)
`
`via an assigned channel. To complete a communication connection between the wireless
`
`communication devices,
`
`the associated base stations and/or associated access points
`
`10
`
`communicate with each other directly, via a system controller, via the public switch
`
`telephone network, via the Internet, and/or via some other wide area network.
`
`For
`
`each wireless
`
`communication
`
`device
`
`to
`
`participate
`
`in wireless
`
`communications, it includes a built-in radio transceiver(i.e., receiver and transmitter) or
`
`15
`
`is coupled to an associated radio transceiver(e.g., a station for in-home and/orin-building
`
`wireless communication networks, RF modem, etc.). As is known,
`
`the receiver is
`
`coupled to the antenna and includes a low noise amplifier, one or more intermediate
`
`frequency stages, a filtering stage, and a data recovery stage. The low noise amplifier
`
`receives inbound RF signals via the antenna and amplifies then. The one or more
`
`20
`
`intermediate frequency stages mix the amplified RF signals with one or more local
`
`oscillations to convert the amplified RF signal
`
`into baseband signals or intermediate
`
`frequency (IF) signals. The filtering stage filters the baseband signals or the IF signals to
`
`attenuate unwanted out of band signals to produce filtered signals. The data recovery
`
`stage recovers raw data from the filtered signals in accordance with the particular
`
`25
`
`wireless communication standard.
`
`Asis also known, the transmitter includes a data modulation stage, one or more
`
`intermediate frequency stages, and a power amplifier.
`
`The data modulation stage
`
`converts raw data into baseband signals in accordance with a particular wireless
`
`30
`
`communication standard.
`
`The one or more intermediate frequency stages mix the
`
`3
`
`

`

`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`baseband signals with one or more local oscillations to produce RF signals. The power
`
`amplifier amplifies the RF signals prior to transmission via an antenna.
`
`In many systems, the transmitter will include one antennafor transmitting the RF
`signals, which are received by a single antenna, or multiple antennas, of a receiver.
`
`When the receiver includes two or more antennas, the receiver will select one of them to
`
`receive the incoming RF signals.
`
`In this instance, the wireless communication between
`
`the transmitter and receiver is a single-output-single-input (SISO) communication, even
`
`if the receiver includes multiple antennas that are used as diversity antennas (i.e.,
`
`10
`
`selecting one of them to receive the incoming RF signals).
`
`For SISO wireless
`
`communications, a transceiver includes one transmitter and one receiver. Currently, most
`
`wireless local area networks (WLAN) that are IEEE 802.11, 802.1la, 802,11b, or
`
`802.11g employ SISO wireless communications.
`
`15
`
`Other types of wireless communications include single-input-multiple-output
`
`(SIMO), multiple-input-single-output
`
`(MISO),
`
`and
`
` multiple-input-multiple-output
`
`(MIMO).
`
`In a SIMO wireless communication, a single transmitter processes data into
`
`radio frequency signals that are transmitted to a receiver. The receiver includes two or
`
`more antennas and two or more receiver paths. Each of the antennas receives the RF
`
`20
`
`signals and provides them to a corresponding receiver path (e.g., LNA, down conversion
`
`module,filters, and ADCs). Each of the receiver paths processes the received RF signals
`
`to produce digital signals, which are combined and then processed to recapture the
`
`transmitted data.
`
`25
`
`For
`
`a multiple-input-single-output
`
`(MISO) wireless
`
`communication,
`
`the
`
`transmitter includes two or more transmission paths (e.g., digital to analog converter,
`
`filters, up-conversion module, and a power amplifier) that each converts a corresponding
`
`portion of baseband signals into RF signals, which are transmitted via corresponding
`
`antennas to a receiver. The receiver includes a single receiver path that receives the
`
`30
`
`multiple RF signals from the transmitter.
`
`In this instance, the receiver uses beam forming
`
`to combine the multiple RF signals into one signal for processing.
`
`4
`
`

`

`DOCKETNO. BPJK071305
`
`the
`(MIMO) wireless communication,
`For a multiple-input-multiple-output
`transmitter and receiver each include multiple paths.
`In such a communication, the
`transmitter parallel processes data using a spatial and time encoding function to produce
`
`two or more streams of data. The transmitter includes multiple transmission paths to
`
`convert each stream ofdata into multiple RF signals. The receiver receives the multiple
`RF signals via multiple receiver paths that recapture the streams of data utilizing a spatial
`
`and time decoding function.
`
`The recaptured streams of data are combined and
`
`_ subsequently processed to recover the original data.
`
`10
`
`To further
`
`improve wireless communications,
`
`transceivers may incorporate
`
`beamforming.
`
`In general, beamforming is a processing technique to create a focused
`
`antenna beam byshifting a signal in time or in phase to provide gain of the signal in a
`
`desired direction and to attenuate the signal
`
`in other directions. Prior art papers (1)
`
`15
`
`Digital beamforming basics (antennas) by Steyskal, Hans, Journal of Electronic Defense,
`
`7/1/1996; (2) Utilizing Digital Downconverters for Efficient Digital Beamforming, by
`
`Clint Schreiner, Red River Engineering, no publication date; and (3) Interpolation Based
`
`Transmit Beamforming for MIMO-OFMDwith Partial Feedback, by Jihoon Choi and
`
`Robert W. Heath, University of Texas, Department of Electrical and Computer
`
`20
`
`Engineering, Wireless Networking and Communications Group, September, 13, 2003
`
`discuss beamforming concepts.
`
`In order for a transmitter to properly implement beamforming(i.e., determine the
`
`25
`
`it needs to know properties of the channel over which the
`beamforming matrix [V]),
`wireless communication is conveyed. Accordingly, the receiver must provide feedback
`information for the transmitter to determine the properties of the channel. One approach
`
`for sending feedback from the receiver to the transmitter is for the receiver to determine
`
`the channel response (H) and to provide it as the feedback information. An issue with
`
`this approach is the size of the feedback packet, which may beso large that, during the
`
`30
`
`timeit takes to sendit to the transmitter, the response of the channel has changed.
`
`5
`
`

`

`DOCKETNO. BPJK071305
`
`To reduce the size of the feedback, the receiver may decomposethe channel using
`
`singular value decomposition (SVD) and send information relating only to a calculated
`
`value of the transmitter’s beamforming matrix (V) as the feedback information.
`
`In this
`
`approach,
`
`the receiver calculates (V) based on H = UDV*, where H is the channel
`
`response, D is a diagonal matrix, and U is a receiver unitary matrix. While this approach
`
`reduces the size of the feedback information,its size is still an issue for a MIMO wireless
`
`communication. For instance,
`in a 2x2 MIMO wireless communication, the feedback
`needs four elements that are all complex Cartesian coordinate values [V11 V12; V21
`V22].
`In general, Vik = aik + ]*bik, where aik and bik are values between [-1, 1]. Thus,
`
`10
`
`with 1 bit express per each element for each of the real and imaginary components, aik
`
`and bik can be either — 4% or 4, which requires 4x2x1 = 8 bits per tone. With 4 bit
`
`expressions per each element of V(f) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
`
`(OFDM) 2 x 2 MIMO wireless communication, the numberofbits required is 1728 per
`
`tone (e.g., 4*2*54*4 = 1728, 4 elements per tone, 2 bits for real and imaginary
`
`15
`
`components per tone, 54 data tones per frame, and 4 bits per element), which requires
`
`overhead for a packet exchangethatis too large for practical applications.
`
`Therefore, a need exists for a method and apparatus for reducing beamforming
`
`feedback information for wireless communications.
`
`20
`
`25
`
`BRIEF SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention is directed to apparatus and methods of operation that are
`
`further described in the following Brief Description of the Drawings,
`
`the Detailed
`
`Description of the Invention, and the claims. Other features and advantages of the
`present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the
`invention made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Figure 1
`
`is a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication system in
`
`30
`
`accordance with the present invention;
`
`6
`
`

`

`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication device in
`
`accordance with the present invention;
`
`Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of another wireless communication device
`
`in accordance with the present invention;
`
`Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram of baseband transmit processing in
`
`accordance with the present invention;
`
`10
`
`Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of baseband receive processing in
`
`accordance with the present invention; and
`
`Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram of a beamforming wireless communication
`
`in accordance with the present invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
`
`Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a communication system 10 that
`
`includes a plurality of base stations and/or access points 12, 16, a plurality of wireless
`
`communication devices 18-32 and a network hardware component 34. Note that the
`
`20
`
`network hardware 34, which may be a router, switch, bridge, modem, system controller,
`
`et cetera provides a wide area network connection 42 for the communication system 10.
`
`Further note that
`
`the wireless communication devices 18-32 may be laptop host
`
`computers 18 and 26, personal digital assistant hosts 20 and 30, personal computer hosts
`
`24 and 32 and/or cellular telephone hosts 22 and 28. The details of the wireless
`
`communication devices will be described in greater detail with reference to Figure 2.
`
`Wireless communication devices 22, 23, and 24 are located within an independent
`
`basic service set (IBSS) area and communicate directly (i.e., point to point).
`
`In this
`
`configuration, these devices 22, 23, and 24 may only communicate with each other. To
`
`30
`
`communicate with other wireless communication devices within the system 10 or to
`
`7
`
`

`

`DOCKETNO. BPJK071305
`
`communicate outside of the system 10, the devices 22, 23, and/or 24 need toaffiliate with
`
`oneofthe base stations or access points 12 or 16.
`
`The base stations or access points 12, 16 are located within basic service set
`
`(BSS) areas 11 and 13, respectively, and are operably coupled to the network hardware
`
`34 via local area network connections 36, 38. Such a connection provides the base
`
`station or access point 12 16 with connectivity to other devices within the system 10 and
`provides connectivity to other networks via the WAN connection 42. To communicate
`
`with the wireless communication devices within its BSS 11 or 13, each of the base
`
`stations or access points 12-16 has an associated antenna or antenna array. For instance,
`
`base station or access point 12 wirelessly communicates with wireless communication
`
`devices 18 and 20 while base station or access point 16 wirelessly communicates with
`
`wireless communication devices 26 — 32. Typically, the wireless communication devices
`
`register with a particular base station or access point 12, 16 to receive services from the
`
`communication system 10.
`
`Typically, base stations are used for cellular telephone systems and like-type
`
`systems, while access points are used for in-home orin-building wireless networks(e.g.,
`
`IEEE 802.11 and versions thereof, Bluetooth, and/or any other type of radio frequency
`
`20
`
`based network protocol). Regardless of the particular type of communication system,
`
`each wireless communication device includes a built-in radio and/or is coupled to a radio.
`
`Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a wireless communication
`
`device that includes the host device 18-32 and an associated radio 60. For cellular
`
`25
`
`telephone hosts,
`
`the radio 60 is a built-in component. For personal digital assistants
`
`hosts, laptop hosts, and/or personal computer hosts, the radio 60 may be built-in or an
`
`externally coupled component.
`
`Asillustrated, the host device 18-32 includes a processing module 50, memory
`
`30
`
`52, a radio interface 54, an input interface 58, and an output interface 56, The processing
`
`module 50 and memory 52 execute the correspondinginstructions that are typically done
`
`8
`
`

`

`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`by the host device. For example, for a cellular telephone host device, the processing
`
`module 50 performs the corresponding communication functions in accordance with a
`"particular cellular telephone standard.
`
`The radio interface 54 allows data to be received from and sent to the radio 60.
`
`For data received from the radio 60 (e.g., inbound data), the radio interface 54 provides
`
`the data to the processing module 50 for further processing and/or routing to the output
`
`interface 56. The output interface 56 provides connectivity to an output display device
`
`such as a display, monitor, speakers, et cetera such that
`
`the received data may be
`
`10
`
`displayed. The radio interface 54 also provides data from the processing module 50 to
`
`the radio 60. The processing module 50 may receive the outbound data from an input
`
`device such as a keyboard, keypad, microphone, et cetera via the input interface 58 or
`
`generate the data itself. For data received via the input interface 58,
`
`the processing
`
`module 50 may perform a corresponding host function on the data and/or routeit to the
`
`15
`
`radio 60 via the radio interface 54.
`
`Radio 60 includes a host interface 62, digital receiver processing module 64, an
`
`analog-to-digital converter 66, a high pass and low passfilter module 68, an IF mixing
`
`down conversion stage 70,
`
`a receiver
`
`filter 71, a low noise amplifier 72, a
`
`20
`
`transmitter/receiver switch 73, a local oscillation module 74, memory 75, a digital
`
`transmitter processing module 76, a digital-to-analog converter 78, a filtering/gain
`
`module 80, an IF mixing up conversion stage 82, a power amplifier 84, a transmitterfilter
`
`module 85, a channel bandwidth adjust module 87, and an antenna 86. The antenna 86
`
`maybe a single antenna that is shared by the transmit and receive paths as regulated by
`
`25
`
`the Tx/Rx switch 73, or may include separate antennas for the transmit path and receive
`
`path. The antenna implementation will depend on the particular standard to which the
`
`wireless communication device is compliant.
`
`The digital receiver processing module 64 and the digital transmitter processing
`
`30
`
`module 76,
`
`in combination with operational instructions stored in memory 75, execute
`
`digital receiver functions and digital transmitter functions, respectively. The digital
`
`9
`
`

`

`DOCKETNO. BPJK071305
`
`receiver functions include, but are not
`baseband conversion, demodulation,
`
`intermediate frequency to
`limited to, digital
`constellation demapping,
`decoding,
`. and/or
`
`descrambling.
`
`The digital
`
`transmitter
`
`functions include, but are not
`
`limited to,
`
`scrambling, encoding, constellation mapping, modulation, and/or digital baseband to IF
`
`conversion. The digital receiver and transmitter processing modules 64 and 76 may be
`implemented using a shared processing device,
`individual processing devices, or a
`plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor,
`micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field
`
`programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine,
`
`logic circuitry,
`
`10
`
`analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog
`and/or digital) based on operational instructions. The memory 75 may be a single
`memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device maybe a read-
`
`only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static
`
`memory, dynamic memory,
`
`flash memory, and/or any device that
`
`stores digital
`
`15
`
`information. Note that when the processing module 64 and/or 76 implements one or
`
`more ofits functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic
`
`circuitry, the memory storing the corresponding operational instructions is embedded
`
`with the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or
`
`logic circuitry.
`
`20
`
`In operation, the radio 60 receives outbound data 94 from the host device via the
`
`host interface 62. The host
`
`interface 62 routes the outbound data 94 to the digital
`
`transmitter processing module 76, which processes the outbound data 94 in accordance
`
`with a particular wireless communication standard (e.g., IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth,. et
`
`25
`
`cetera) to produce outbound basebandsignals 96. The outbound basebandsignals 96 will
`
`be digital base-band signals (e.g., have a zero IF) or a digital low IF signals, where the
`
`low IF typically will be in the frequency range of one hundred kilohertz to a few
`
`megahertz.
`
`30
`
`The digital-to-analog converter 78 converts the outbound baseband signals 96
`
`from the digital domain to the analog domain. Thefiltering/gain module 80filters and/or
`
`10
`
`10
`
`

`

`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
`
`adjusts the gain of the analog signals prior to providing it to the IF mixing stage 82. The
`IF mixing stage 82 converts the analog baseband or low IF signals into RF signals based
`on a transmitter local oscillation 83 provided by local oscillation module 74. The power
`amplifier 84 amplifies the RF signals to produce outbound RF signals 98, which are
`
`filtered by the transmitter filter module 85, The antenna 86 transmits the outbound RF
`
`signals 98 to a targeted device such as a base station, an access point and/or another
`
`wireless communication device.
`
`The radio 60 also receives inbound RF signals 88 via the antenna 86, which were
`
`10
`
`transmitted by a base station, an access point, or another wireless communication device.
`
`The antenna 86 provides the inbound RF signals 88 to the receiverfilter module 71 via
`
`the Tx/Rx switch 73, where the Rx filter 71 bandpass filters the inbound RF signals 88.
`
`The Rx filter 71 provides the filtered RF signals to low noise amplifier 72, which
`amplifies the signals 88 to produce an amplified inbound RF signals. The low noise
`amplifier 72 provides the amplified inbound RF signals to the IF mixing module 70,
`
`15
`
`which directly converts the amplified inbound RF signals into an inbound low IF signals
`
`or baseband signals based on a receiver local oscillation 81 provided by local oscillation
`
`module 74. The down conversion module 70 provides the inbound low IF signals or
`
`baseband signals to the filtering/gain module 68. The high pass and low passfilter
`
`20
`
`module 68filters, based on settings provided by the channel bandwidth adjust module 87,
`
`the inbound low IF signals or the inbound baseband signals to producefiltered inbound
`
`signals.
`
`The analog-to-digital converter 66 converts the filtered inbound signals from the
`
`25
`
`analog domain to the digital domain to produce inbound baseband signals 90, where the
`inbound baseband signals 90 will be digital base-band signals or digital low IF signals,
`
`where the low IF typically will be in the frequency range of one hundred kilohertz to a
`
`few megahertz.. The digital receiver processing module 64, based on settings provided
`
`by the channel bandwidth adjust module 87, decodes, descrambles, demaps, and/or
`
`30
`
`demodulates the inbound basebandsignals 90 to recapture inbound data 92 in accordance
`
`with the particular wireless communication standard being implemented by radio 60.
`
`10
`
`11
`
`11
`
`

`

`DOCKETNO. BPJK071305
`
`The host interface 62 provides the recaptured inbound data 92 to the host device 18-32
`
`via the radio interface 54.
`
`As one of average skill in the art will appreciate, the wireless communication
`
`device of figure 2 may be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. For
`
`example, the host device may be implemented on one integrated circuit,
`
`the digital
`
`receiver processing module 64, the digital transmitter processing module 76 and memory
`
`75 may be implemented on a second integrated circuit, and the remaining components of
`
`the radio 60, less the antenna 86, may be implemented ona third integrated circuit. As an
`
`alternate example, the radio 60 may be implemented onasingle integrated circuit. As yet
`10
`
`another example, the processing module 50 of the host device and the digital receiver and
`
`transmitter processing modules 64 and 76 may be a common processing device
`
`implemented on a single integrated circuit. Further, the memory 52 and memory 75 may
`
`be implemented on a single integrated circuit and/or on the same integrated circuit as the
`
`15
`
`common processing modules of processing module 50 and the digital receiver and
`
`transmitter processing module 64 and 76.
`
`Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a wireless communication
`
`device that includes the host device 18-32 and an associated radio 60. For cellular
`telephone hosts, the radio 60 is a built-in component. ‘For personal digital assistants
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`hosts, laptop hosts, and/or personal computer hosts, the radio 60 may be built-in or an
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`externally coupled component.
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`Asillustrated, the host device 18-32 includes a processing module 50, memory
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`52, radio interface 54, input interface 58 and output interface 56. The processing module
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`50 and memory 52 execute the correspondinginstructions that are typically done by the
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`host device. For example, for a cellular telephone host device, the processing module 50
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`performs the corresponding communication functions in accordance with a particular
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`cellular telephone standard.
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`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
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`The radio interface 54 allows data to be received from and sent to the radio 60.
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`For data received from the radio 60 (e.g., inbound data), the radio interface 54 provides
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`the data to the processing module 50 for further processing and/or routing to the output
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`interface 56. The output interface 56 provides connectivity to an output display device
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`such as a display, monitor, speakers, et cetera such that
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`the received data may be
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`displayed. The radio interface 54 also provides data from the processing module 50 to
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`the radio 60. The processing module 50 may receive the outbound data from an input
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`device such as a keyboard, keypad, microphone, et cetera via the input interface 58 or
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`generate the data itself. For data received via the input interface 58, the processing
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`module 50 may perform a corresponding host function on the data and/or routeit to the
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`radio 60 via the radio interface 54.
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`Radio 60 includes a host
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`interface 62, a baseband processing module 100,
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`memory 65, a plurality of radio frequency (RF) transmitters 106 - 110, a transmit/receive
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`(T/R) module 114, a plurality of antennas 81 - 85, a plurality of RF receivers 118 - 120, a
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`channel bandwidth adjust module 87, and a local oscillation module 74. The baseband
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`processing module 100, in combination with operational instructions stored in memory
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`65, executes digital receiver functions and digital transmitter functions, respectively. The
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`digital receiver functions include, but are not limited to, digital intermediate frequency to
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`baseband conversion, demodulation, constellation demapping, decoding, de-interleaving,
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`space and time decoding, and/or
`transform, cyclic prefix removal,
`fast Fourier
`include, but are not
`limited to,
`The digital
`transmitter functions
`descrambling.
`scrambling, encoding,
`interleaving, constellation mapping, modulation,
`inverse fast
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`Fourier transform, cyclic prefix addition, space and time encoding, and digital baseband
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`to IF conversion. The baseband processing modules 100 may be implemented using one
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`or more processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-
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`controller, digital
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`signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit,
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`field
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`programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine,
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`logic circuitry,
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`analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog
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`and/or digital) based on operational instructions. The memory 65 may beasingle
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`memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device may bea read-
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`only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory,static
`memory, dynamic memory,
`flash memory, and/or any device that stores digital
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`information. Note that when the processing module 100 implements one or more ofits
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`functions via a state machine, analogcircuitry, digital circuitry, and/orlogic circuitry, the
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`memory storing the corresponding operationalinstructions is embedded with the circuitry
`comprising the state machine, analogcircuitry, digital circuitry, and/orlogic circuitry.
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`In operation, the radio 60 receives outbound data 94 from the host device via the
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`host interface 62. The baseband processing module 64 receives the outbound data 88
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`and, based on a modeselection signal 102, produces one or more outbound symbol
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`streams 90. The modeselection signal 102 will indicate a particular mode of operation
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`that is compliant with one or more specific modes of the various IEEE 802.11 standards.
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`For example, the modeselection signal 102 may indicate a frequency band of 2.4 GHz, a
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`channel bandwidth of 20 or 22 MHz and a maximum bitrate of 54 megabits-per-second.
`In this general category, the mode selection signal will further indicate a particular rate
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`ranging from 1 megabit-per-second to 54 megabits-per-second.
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`In addition, the mode
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`selection signal will indicate a particular type of modulation, which includes, but is not
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`limited to, Barker Code Modulation, BPSK, QPSK, CCK, 16 QAM and/or 64 QAM. The
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`mode select signal 102 may also include a code rate, a number of coded bits per
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`subcarrier (NBPSC), coded bits per OFDM symbol (NCBPS), and/or data bits per OFDM
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`symbol (NDBPS).
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`The mode selection signal 102 may also indicate a particular
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`the corresponding mode that provides a channel number and
`channelization for
`corresponding center frequency. The mode select signal 102 may further indicate a
`power spectral density mask value and a numberofantennas to beinitially used for a
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`MIMO communication,
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`The baseband processing module 100, based on the modeselection signal 102
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`produces one or more outbound symbol streams 104 from the outbound data 94. For
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`example,if the modeselection signal 102 indicates that a single transmit antennais being
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`utilized for the particular mode that has been selected, the baseband processing module
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`100 will produce a single outbound symbol stream 104. Alternatively, if the mode select
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`DOCKET NO. BPJK071305
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`signal 102 indicates 2, 3 or 4 antennas, the baseband processing module 100 will produce
`2, 3 or 4 outbound symbol streams 104 from the outbound data 94.
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`Depending on the number of outbound streams 104 produced by the baseband
`module 10, a corresponding numberof the RF transmitters 106 - 110 will be enabled to
`convert the outbound symbol streams 104 into outbound RF signals 112. In general, each
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`of the RF transmitters 106 — 110 includesa digital filter and upsampling module,a digital
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`to analog conversion module, an analogfilter module, a frequency up conversion module,
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`a power amplifier, and a radio frequency bandpassfilter. The RF transmitters 106 — 110
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`provide the outbound RF signals 112 to the transmit/receive module 114, which provides
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`each outbound RFsignal to a corresponding antenna 81 - 85.
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`When the radio 60 is in the receive mode, the transmit/receive module 114
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`receives one or more inbound RF signals 116 via the antennas 81 ~ 85 and provides them
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`to one or more RF receivers 118 - 122. The RF receiver 118 — 122, based on settings
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`provided by the channel bandwidth adjust module 87, converts the inbound RF signals
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`116 into a corresponding number of inbound symbol streams 124. The number of
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`inbound symbol streams 124 will correspondto the particular mode in which the data was
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`received. The baseband processing module 100 converts the inbound symbol streams
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`124 into inbound data 92, which is provided to the host device 18-32 via the host
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`interface 62.
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`As one of average skill in the art will appreciate, the wir