as) United States
`a2) Patent Application Publication co) Pub. No.: US 2008/0108310 Al
`(43) Pub. Date: May8, 2008
`
`Tong et al.
`
`US 200801083 10A1
`
`(54)
`
`(76)
`
`CLOSED LOOP MIMO SYSTEMS AND
`METHODS
`
`Inventors: Wen Tong, Ottawa (CA); Ming Jia,
`Ottawa (CA); Jianglei Ma, Kanata (CA);
`Peiying Zhu, Kanata (CA); Hua Xu,
`Nepean (CA); Dong-Sheng Yu, Ottawa
`(CA); Hang Zhang, Nepean (CA);
`Mo-HanFong,[Original (CA)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`SMART & BIGGAR
`P.O. BOX 2999, STATION D
`900-55 METCALFE STREET
`
`OTTAWA, ON KIP5Y6 (CA)
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.:
`
`11/630,391
`
`(22)
`
`PCT Filed:
`
`Jun. 22, 2005
`
`(86)
`
`PCT No.:
`
`PCT/CA05/00958
`
`§ 371(¢)(),
`(2), (4) Date:
`
`Dee. 22, 2006
`
`204.
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/581,356, filed on Jun.
`22, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/582,298,
`filed on Jun. 24, 2004. Provisional application No.
`60/601,178, filed on Aug. 13, 2004. Provisional appli-
`cation No. 60/614,621, filed on Sep. 30, 2004. Provi-
`sional application No. 60/619,461, filed on Oct. 15,
`2004. Provisional application No. 60/642,697, filed on
`Jan. 10, 2005.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`HO4B 1/00
`(52) US. CM.
`cesssccssscssecesteesssesesvestenssssessveseenssee 455/69
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Systems and methodsfor closed loop MIMO (multiple input
`and multiple output) wireless communication are provided.
`Various transmit formats including spatial multiplexing and
`STTD are defined in which vector or matrix weighting is
`employed using information fed back from receivers. The
`feedback information may include channel matrix or SVD-
`based feedback.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Measure MIMO
`Measure MIMO
`tH
`Channel H
`Shame
`210
`
`208
`
`i
`||
`
`|
`
`
`
`
` 202nl
`
`
`MIMO Feedback
`216
`
`Reconstruct H
`Channel
`
`214
`
`
`
`
`
`
`AMG/Eigen
`CQl Feedback
`Assignment
`Channel
`220,
`
`222
`
`
`
`
`Beam
`Former
`ve
`
`206
`
`svo
`H=U0DV
`
`HUAWEI] 1005
`
`1
`
`HUAWEI 1005
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 1 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`2
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 2 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`14
`
`
`
`Network Interface
`(LE. MSC}
`30
`
`Control System
`20
`
`Receive Circuitry
`26
`
`
`
`FIG.2
`
`
`
`Baseband
`Processor
`34
`
`
`
`Interface Circuitry
`42
`
`3
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 3 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`Patent Application Publication
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`May 8, 2008 Sheet 4 of 42
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`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 5 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`User #1
`
`User #1
`
`User #2
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`FIG. 6
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`6
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 6 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`
`
`Antenna Grouping in OFDM Symbol
`—D-STTD
`_—— 0-STTD with AG
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`
`7
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 7 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`184
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`Receiver-2
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`8
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 8 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`5
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 9 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`Patent Application
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`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 10 of 42
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`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 11 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`
`
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`
`12
`
`

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`Patent Application
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`Publ
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`ication
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`
`2008 Sheet 12 of 42
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`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 13 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`14
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 14 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`Option 1
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`Time
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`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 15 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`Option 2
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`FIG. 19
`
`16
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`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 16 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Option 1
`
`a
`
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`
`17
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`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 17 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`Option2
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`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 18 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Option 1
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`
`19
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`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 19 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 20 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Non Pre-coded Channel H for:
`
`1. Gurrent H Analysis and Future
`Feedback
`2. Other Users (Including Non-MIMD)
`
`to Assist Channel Interpolation
`
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`
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`

`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 21 of 42
`
`FIG. 25
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`22
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 22 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`
`23
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`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 23 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 24 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
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`x
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`25
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 25 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Time
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`
`26
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 26 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`_Frequency
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`
`27
`
`27
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 27 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Frequency
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`PS
`
`2ASopTaRsOESLSINeoyReUX
`oDSOPENSE)
`
`FHSShe
`
`
`OOSSSKeiS9e252)
`& ALSL
`
`CARREED
`SRSNSHLOS
`oeKeSHS9)RiggSOSSo fsSRR
`se a)
`
`
`eeBoye
`SGNRSSONSie<KS KS406
`
`
`
`on? neneosgD {505Sas
`Soe recessOey)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sub-channel far MSS2
`
`Data carrier for MSS1
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS1
`
`S
`(Ant 0) 5257p
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS1 (Ant 1)
`Punctured Pilot Carrier for
`MSS1 (Ant 2}
`Punctured Pilot Carrier for
`MSS1 (Ant 3)
`
`"287%
`BBE
`BBO
`
`Data carrier for MSS2
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS2 (Ant Q)
`
`Pilot Carrier for MSS2 (Ant 1}
`
`Punctured Pilot Carrier for
`MSS2 (Ant 2)
`
`Punctured Pilot Carrier for
`MSS2 {Ant 3}
`
`FIG. 31
`
`28
`
`28
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 28 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Set Up
`
`Beam-Former
`
`600
`602
`
`
` MIMO/STC
`
`
`
`
`
` Feedback
`
`
` Beam-Former
` Feedback
`
`
`
`Unitary
`
`
`
`
`Feedback
`
`Feedback
`
`MIMO/STC
`
`Bearm-Faormer
`
`MIMO/STC ” Beam-Former
`ee
` Feedback 602
`
`FIG. 32
`
`29
`
`29
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 29 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Use Power to
`Transmit on Strong
`Eigen Modes
`
`Eigen saad©
`
`
`
`SVD with
`
`Beamormer
`
`Discard Weak)
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG.33
`
`Antennas
`
`Select Best Growp
`Antenna with
`Power Boosting
`
`Turn Off a Group
`
`OFDM
`Domain
`
`FIG.34
`
`30
`
`30
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 30 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`+ AS-1
`
`- SVD SB-1
`
`_ SYD Performance
`
`16
`
`-—>0
`
`600
`400.
`Sub-Carrier Index
`
`800
`
`1000
`
`FIG. 35
`
`31
`
`2}
`ze 0f
`25 G
`am 4
`wa
`
`2O
`
`
`
`31
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 31 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`VB LI @SVDL1 sVBL2 *SVDL2 *VBL3 eSVDL3 +AS-1
`
`- SVD SB-1
`
`SVD Performance
`
`thedOhana
`NoiseVariance}
`SNR(Unit
`
`Sub-Carrier Index
`
`FIG.36
`
`32
`
`32
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 32 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`204.
`
`‘| Measure MIMO
`Channel H
`
`
`
`
`
`
`AMC/Eigen
`CQl Feedback
`.
`Assignment
`Channel
`
`
`220,
`222
`
`
`
`
`MIMO Feedback
`Channel
`214
`
`FIG.37
`
`33
`
`33
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 33 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Measure MIMO
`Differential
`
`
`
`Channel H
`Per Stream AMC};
`Eneoding of H
`
`
`
`246
`248
`
`
`Beam Former y"|/! :
`
`
`240
`
` MIMO Feedback
`Reconstruct H
`Channel
`252
`254
`
`
`FIG.38
`
`34
`
`34
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 34 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`
`
` Feedback |
`~ Channel
`
`Sa
`+1 -1
`Quantizer
`266
`
`
`
`
`268
`
`FIG.39
`
`Input
`
`Dither Signal
`(Al8, -AI8,...J
`ogg.
`
`1-bit
`CO
`200
`
`
`
`|
`A
`Quantizer
`
`
`
`(+1 -1)
`
`35
`
`35
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 35 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310
`
`Al
`
`314
`
` Differential
`
`Measure MIMO
`
`
`Channel H
`
`
`306
`Capacity
`
`
`Limited=| |} ro of H
`
`302
`
`{LN
`
`|C
`
`W
`
`FIG, 41
`
`36
`
`Per Stream AMC
`Beam Former y"
`
`
`
`Measure MIMO
`Channe! H
`304
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Differantial
`
`
`308
`1 Encoding of H
`
`
`36
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 36 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`
`
`
`
`4p
`
`133.33%
`125.00%
`|0s 120.00%
`116.67%
`
`
`
`T|6|8
`
` 114.29%
`FIG. 42
`
`112.50%
`
`28
`
`37
`
`37
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 37 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`‘Measure MIMO
`Channel
`326
`
`343
`
`Givens
`Quantize
`Reconstruct
`Reconstruct
`
`Former|_|TransformParameter Parameter
`
`
`V=GIG2
`{0, c}
`6
`V=G1G2
`340
`338
`334
`330
`
`CQ] Feedback
`Ghanne!
`342
`
`AMC/Eigen
`Assignment
`
`FIG.43
`
`38
`
`38
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 38 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`352
`
`Input x
`
`350
`
`39
`
`39
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 39 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`
`
`
`Construct
`| Measure MIMO
`Givens
`
`Channel H
`
`
`G=G162
`
`
`326
`328
`
`
` Hypothesis
`Test Set {8, ch
`362
`
`
`
`
`
`
`AMC/Eigen
`CQI Feedback
`
`Assignment
`
`Channel
`
`343
`342
`
`
`
`FIG. 45
`
`40
`
`40
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 40 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Symbol-0
`
`Ssymbol-1
`
`
`
`
`
`Vector Index|MMn,8m Mn,8m+i Mn,8m+7
`
`
`
`Symbol-2
`PO, PO, P3, P3, P2, P2, PI, Pt
`
`PO, P1, P2, P3, PO, P1, P2, P3
`
`PO, P3, P2, P1, PO, P3, P2, Pi
`
`PQ, PO, P1, P1, P2, P2, P3, P3
`
`
`PO, PO, PO, PO, PO, PO, PO, PO
`
`PD, P2, PO, P2, PO, P2, PO, P2
`PO, P2, PO, P2, P2, PO, P2, PO
`PO, P2, P2, PO, P2, PO, PO, P2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`372
`
`FIG. 46
`
`41
`
`41
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 41 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`ectoGe
`
`Antenna 0
`
`Antenna 1
`
`
`
`
`Mims
`
`Pattern Q
`
`Pattern 1 ee
`
`
`
`Symbol-1
`
`symbol~2
`
`Symhol-0
`
`Symbol~1
`
`Symbol-2.
`
`42
`
`42
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication May 8, 2008 Sheet 42 of 42
`
`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`Space Time Coding Matrix Set
`ije]9)>|
`ie=lolo|>BREEed|eth—
`ye)oo]ColRSPROPRAPRO
`opo|sSC6705)05
`
`
`c3|aoo}
`cl)Co =
`
`= aS|co
`5
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Bi
`
`{3—_|
`
`ca)GoMyRho
`
`Space Time Coding Matrix Set
`
`Unitary
`Two
`Single
`Stream |Beam-Forming| Stream |Beam-Forming
`
`Index
`Vector
`Index
`Vector
`
`TOWSeee
`P|
`}Pa |vA
`|vB PNBaEe
`PW ia
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 50
`
`43
`
`43
`
`

`

`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`May 8, 2008
`
`CLOSED LOOP MIMO SYSTEMS AND METHODS
`
`
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provi-
`sional Patent Application No. 60/581,356 filed on Jun. 22,
`2004, U.S. Provisional patent Application No. 60/582,298
`filed on Jun. 24, 2004, U.S. Provisional Patent Application
`No. 60/601,178 filed on Aug. 13, 2004, Provisional Patent
`Application No. 60/514,621 filed on Sep. 30, 2004, Provi-
`sional Patent Application No. 60/619,461 filed on Oct. 15,
`2004 and Provisional Patent Application No. 60/642,697filed
`on Jan. 10, 2005. all of which are hereby incorporated by
`referencein their entirety.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0002] The invention relates to MIMO (multiple input,
`multiple output) systems and methods.
`
`BACKGROUND OFTHE INVENTION
`
`In MIMO (multiple input multiple output) OFDM
`[0003]
`(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) systems, there
`are multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas
`and a plurality of sub-carriers that are available for transmis-
`sion betweenthe transmit antennas and the receive antennas
`for either one or multiple users. New advances in MIMO
`OFDMsystems are taught in Applicant’s co-pending appli-
`cation <attorney docket 71493-1320> entitled “Pilot Design
`For OFDM Systems With Four transmit Antennas” filed Mar.
`15, 2005, and in Applicant’s co-pending application <attor-
`ney docket 71493-1330) entitled “Wireless Communication
`Methods, Systems, And Signal Structures”filed Apr. 4, 2005,
`both hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. With
`open loop implementations, the transmitter transmits on the
`multiple transmitter antennas and sub-carriers without the
`bencfit of channel information fed back fromthe receivers.
`
`[0004] Efforts have been madeto facilitate wireless closed-
`loop MIMO communications including, broadband closed-
`loop MIMO,which might tor example be based on OFDM
`modulation schemes, and narrowband closed-loop MIMO.
`Broadband closed-loop MIMO includes many sub-bands.
`Each of these sub-bands requires MTMO channel feedback
`for a closed-loop implementation. As a result the feedback
`resources required for broadband closed-loop MIMO can
`become quite large. Narrowband closed-loop MIMO, by
`comparison, includes one or a few sub-bands and requires a
`relatively smaller amount of feedback resources. Broadband
`and narrowband MIMO,therefore, have different applica-
`tions.
`
`SUMMARYOF TITLE INVENTION
`
`[0005] According to one broad aspect, the invention pro-
`vides a MIMO system comprising: a transmitter having mul-
`tiple transmit antennas: at least one receiver, each receiver
`having at least one receive antenna; each receiver being
`adapted to transmitat least one type of feedback information
`selected from a group consisting of: information for use in
`performing beam-forming; antenna selection/grouping infor-
`mation.
`
`In some cmbodiments, a transmission format to
`[0006]
`each receiveris selected from a group oftransmission formats
`consisting of: spatial multiplexing; vector weighted spatial
`multiplexing; matrix weighted
`spatial multiplexing;
`
`K-stream spatial multiplexing employing more than K trans-
`mit antennas; single stream STTD: single stream STTD with
`proportional weighting and antenna selection; multi-stream
`STTD; multi-stream STUD with layer weighting; multi-
`stream STTD with a combination of layer weighting and
`proportional weighting; and hybrid beam-forming andspatial
`multiplexing.
`
`Insome embodiments, a defined sub-set of available
`[0007]
`formats is made available for a given receiver, and wherein
`the given receiver feeds back a selection of oneofthe defined
`sub-set of available formats.
`
`In some embodiments, each receiver performs
`[0008]
`respective channel measurements and feeds back information
`for use in performing beam-forming based on the respective
`channel measurements.
`
`In some embodiments, the information for use in
`[0009]
`performing beam-forming is selected froma group consisting
`of: a) elements of a measured channel matrix; b) elements of
`a Vmatrix of a SVD decomposed channel matrix; c) param-
`eters of a Givens decomposition of a V matrix of a SVD
`decomposed. channel matrix; d) parameters of a truncated
`Givens decomposition of a V matrix of a SVD decomposed
`channel matrix, where one or more eigen-vectors are dis-
`carded; e) differentially encoded elements of a measured
`channel matrix; f) differentially encoded elements of a V
`matrix of a SVI) decomposed channel matrix; g) differen-
`tially encoded parameters of a Givens decompositionor trun-
`cated Givens decomposition of a V matrix of a SVD decom-
`posed channel matrix; h) Householder decomposition;i) full
`scalar quantization of any of the information types of a)
`through h); j) partial scalar quantization of anyof the infor-
`mation types a) through g); k) scalar quantization of any one
`ofthe informationlypes a) through h) where varying resolu-
`tion is used to quantize parameters; 1) vector quantization of
`any of the information types of a) through h); m) a combina-
`tion of scalar quantization and differential quantization for
`any of the information types a) through h); n) using a Delta
`Sigma quantizer for any of the information types a) through
`h); o) binary beam-forming weights; p) a differential index
`into a sct of vector quantizations; and q) pre-defined code-
`book.
`
`In some embodiments beam-forming feedback is
`[0010]
`performed byeachreceiver as a function ofreceiver specific
`criteria.
`
`In some embodiments, the receiver specific criteria
`[0011]
`is selected from a group consisting of: Max SNR; b) Max
`Shannoncapacity; and c)‘lie receiver operational process.
`
`In some embodiments, antenna selection/grouping
`[0012]
`information is at least one information type selected from a
`group consisting of: a) selection between SM(spatial multi-
`plexing) and STTD (space time transmit diversity) transmis-
`sion format; b) selection of particular antennas for SM trans-
`mission; c) selection and grouping of particular antennas for
`STTD transmission; and d) eigen-modeselection informa-
`tion.
`
`Insome embodiments, the systemfurther comprises
`[0013]
`the receiver determining the antenna selection/grouping
`information by performing a step sclected from a group of
`steps consisting of: performing SVD decomposition and dis-
`carding weak eigen-modes; selecting anlennas using deter-
`minants of sub-MIMOchannel matrices.
`
`44
`
`44
`
`

`

`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`May 8, 2008
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram representation of a base
`[0032]
`station according to one embodimentofthe presentinvention;
`
`[0033] FIG.3 isa block diagram representation of a mobile
`terminal according to one embodimentofthe present inven-
`tion;
`
`FIG.4 is a logical breakdown of an OFDM trans-
`[0034]
`mitter architecture according to one embodiment of the
`present invention;
`
`FIG. 5 is a logical breakdownof an OFDMreceiver
`[0035]
`architecture according to one embodiment of the present
`invention;
`
`
`
`FIG. 6 is a first example schematic diagram for
`[0036]
`beam-forming spatial multiplexing (SM) transmission using
`matrix or vector weighting according to an embodiment ofthe
`invention;
`
`FIG. 7 is a second example schematic diagram for
`[0037]
`beam-forming SM transmission with matrix weighting
`according to an embodimentof the invention:
`
`FIG. 8 is a schematic diagramfor use in describing
`[0038]
`antenna/sub-channel selectioncriteria;
`
`FIG. 9 is a graphical comparison of fixed D-STTD
`[0039]
`(double-space-time time division) and antenna grouping
`D-STTD;
`
`FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of sub-channelallo-
`[0040]
`cation for a 4-antenna transmitter and two 2-antennareceivers
`according to an embodimentof the invention:
`
`FIG. 11 is a closed loop STC/MIMO 3-transmit
`[0041]
`antenna grouping arrangement
`in accordance with an
`embodimentof the invention;
`
`FIG. 12 is a closed loop STC/MIMO 3-transmit
`[0042]
`antenna selection arrangement
`in accordance with an
`embodiment ofthe invention;
`
`FIG. 13 is a closed loop STC/MIMO 4-transmit
`[0043]
`anlenna arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of
`the invention;
`
`[IG. 14 is a closed loop STC/MIMO4-transmit
`[0044]
`antenna arrangement in accordance with an embodimentof
`the invention;
`
`FIGS. 15 and 16 showbinaryunitary beam-forming
`[0045]
`matrices in accordance with embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIG. 17 is pilot mapping for a pilot allocation for
`[0046]
`4-antenna BS(basestation) for the optional FUSC (full uti-
`lization sub-channel) and Optional AMC(adaptive modula-
`tion and coding) zones in 802.16d in accordance with an
`embodimentofthe invention;
`
`FIGS. 18 and 19 are pilot mappings for a pilotallo-
`[0047]
`cation for four transmit antennas in which there is no punc-
`turing required in accordance with an embodiment ofthe
`invention;
`
`[IGS. 20 and 21 are pilot mappingsfora pilotallo-
`[0048]
`cation for cight transmit antennas in accordance with an
`embodiments of the invention;
`
`
`
`
`
`Insome embodiments, fecd back and beam-forming
`[0014]
`and/or antenna selection/grouping is performed for sub-car-
`riers of a mulli-carrier systemlo a resolution selected from a
`group consisting of: a) for every sub-carrier individually; b)
`for groups of consecutive sub-carriers: c) for an entire set of
`sub-carriers; d) for sets of groups of sub-carriers.
`
`In some embodiments, transmission matrices and
`[0015]
`feedback are in accordance with one of FIGS. 11 to 14.
`
`the transmitter transmits
`In some embodiments,
`[0016]
`pilots on each transmit antennafor use in performing channel
`estimation.
`
`Insome embodiments, at least someofthe pilots are
`[0017]
`punctured pilots.
`
`In some embodiments, at least some of the pilots
`[0018]
`comprise un-coded pilots for use by multiple receivers.
`
`Insome embodiments, the pilots comprise user spe-
`[0019]
`cific pre-codedpilots for use byparticular receivers receivers.
`
`Insome embodiments,the pilots comprise user spe-
`[0020]
`cific pre-codedpilots for use by particular receivers receivers
`and un-coded pilots for use by multiple receivers.
`
`[0021]
`shown in
`described.
`
`the pilot patterns are as
`n some embodiments,
`any one of FIGS. 17-23 with generalizations as
`
`the pilot patterns are as
`In some embodiments,
`[0022]
`shown in one of FIGS. 26-31 with generalizations as
`described.
`
`In some embodiments, feedback information is
`[0023]
`transmitted using a feedback channel havingthe structure of
`one of FIGS. 46 to 48 with generalizations as described.
`
`In some embodiments, at least one receiver has a
`[0024]
`plurality of receive antennas.
`
`Insome embodiments,the at least one receiver com-
`[0025]
`prises a plurality of receivers.
`
`In some embodiments, sub-channels are defined
`[0026]
`using at least one of; AMC sub-channels, where respective
`adaptive modulation and coding is defined. for each AMC
`sub-channel; PUSC sub-channels.
`
`Inanotherembodiment,a receiveris provided thatis
`[0027]
`adapted to implement receiver functionality as summarized
`above.
`
`In another embodiment, a transmitter is provided
`[0028]
`that is adapted to implementtransmitter functionality as sum-
`marized above.
`
`[0029] Other aspects and features of the present invention
`will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art
`upon reviewof the following description of specific embodi-
`ments ofthe invention in conjunction with the accompanying
`figures.
`
`
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`[0030] Preferred embodimentsofthe invention will now be
`described with reference to the attached drawings in which:
`
`[0031] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram representation of a
`cellular communication system according to one embodi-
`ment ofthe present invention;
`
`FIGS. 22 and 23 are pilot mappings for a pilotallo-
`[0049]
`cation for twelve uansmil antennas in accordance-with an
`embodiments ofthe invention;
`
`45
`
`45
`
`

`

`US 2008/0108310 Al
`
`May 8, 2008
`
` [0056] TIG.30isa pilot mapping showing a pre-codedpilot
`
`[0050] FIG.24 is aschcmatic diagram showing an cxample
`ofpre-coding ofMIMOpilots in accordance with an embodi-
`mentof the invention;
`
`[0051] FIG.25isaschcmatic diagram showing an cxample
`ofpre-coding ofMIMOpilots in accordance with an embodi-
`mentof the invention suitable for larger antenna arrays;
`
`[0052] FIG. 26 isa pilot mapping showing a pre-codedpilot
`design for a 2-antenna basestation (BS) for optionalAMC in
`accordance with an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`[0053] FIG. 27 is a second pre-coded pilot design for a
`2-antenna basestation (BS) for optionalAMC in accordance
`with an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`[0054] FIG. 28 is a pilot mapping showing a pre-codedpilot
`design for a 3-antenna basestation (BS) for optional AMC in
`accordance with an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`[0055] TIG.29isa pilot mapping showinga pilot designfor
`a 4-antenna basestation (BS) for optional AMC in accordance
`with an embodimentofthe invention;
`
`design for a 2-antenna BS for PUSC (partial utilization sub-
`channel) zone in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention;
`
`[0057] FIG.31 is a pilot mapping showinga pre-codedpilot
`
`design for a 4-antenna ES for PUSC zonein accordance with
`an embodimentof the invention;
`
`[0058] FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of a set of closed
`loop STC/MIMOarrangements with beam-formerstructures
`in accordance with an embodiment ofthe invention;
`
`[0059] FIGS. 33, 34, 35 and 36 present a comparison of
`SVD(singular value decomposition) to antenna grouping;
`[0060] FIG. 37 is a block diagramofa system employing a
`direct differential encoding in accordance with an embodi-
`ment of the invention in which MIMO channel and CQI
`(channel quality indication) are separately fed back;
`
`
`
`FIG.45is a block diagram of a system employing a
`[0068]
`receiver based Givens transform in accordance with an
`embodimentof the invention;
`
`T[IG.46 is an example of space-time coding, for use
`[0069]
`on a CQICH (channel quality indication channel) in accor-
`dance with an embodiment of the invention suitable for a
`single input single output application;
`
`[IG. 47 is an example of space-time coding for
`[0070]
`CQICH in accordance with an embodimentof the invention
`suitable for supporting STUD;
`
`FIG. 48 is an example of space-time coding for
`[0071]
`CQICTI in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
`suitable for SM (spatial multiplexing);
`
`FIGS. 49 and 50 area set oftables for concatenation
`[0072]
`of STC (space-time coding/MIMO with a beam-former in
`accordance with an embodimentof the invention.
`
`4JETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TIE PREFERRED
`
`
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`General Background and Example System Overview The
`following providesa glossary of some ofthe terms usedin this
`application:
`
`AMC—Adaplive Coding and Modulation
`BS or BT'S—BaseStation
`
`CL_MIMO—Closed Loop MIMO
`
`CQI—Channel Quality Indicator
`
`CQICF—CQI channel
`DFT—Discrete Fourier Transform
`
`FB—Feedback
`
`FDD—Frequency Duplex
`FFT—Fast Fourier Transform
`
`MIMO—Miultiple Input Multiple Output
`MLD—MaximumLikelihood Detector
`
`MSE—Minimum square error
`MSS—Mobile Subscriber Station
`
`PUSC—Partially Utilized Sub-Channel
`
`QoS—Quality of service
`
`SISO—Single Input Single Output
`
`SVD—Ningular Value Decomposition
`
`STTD.
`
`Space Time Transmit Diversity
`
`SM—Spatial Multiplexing
`
`SQ—Scalar Quantize
`
`TDD—Time Duplex
`
`VQ—Veclor Quanlize
`
`For purposes of providing, context for the embodi-
`[0073]
`ments described below, an example ODM system will now
`be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to §. FIG. 1 shows a
`base station controller (BSC) 10 which controls wireless
`communications within multiple cells 12, which cells are
`served by corresponding base stations (BS) 14. In general,
`
`46
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`
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`[0061] TIG. 38 is a block diagram of a system employing a
`direct differential encoding in accordance with another
`embodimentof the invention in which MIMO channel and
`CQTare jointly fed back;
`
`[0062] FIG. 39 is a block diagram of a system cmploying a
`direct differential encoding in accordance with an embodi-
`mentof the invention featuring 1 bit DPCM;
`
`[0063] FIG. 40 is a block diagram of a system cmploying a
`direct differential encoding in accordance with an embodi-
`mentof the invention and using a 1 bit AZ modulator;
`
`
`
`
`
`[0064] FIG. 41 is a block diagram of a system employing a
`direct differential encoding in accordance with an embodi-
`mentof the invention for multiple users;
`
`[0065] FIG. 42 contains a table ofvariousdirectdifferential
`encoding feedback in accordance with embodiments of the
`invention;
`
`[0066] TIG. 43 isa block diagram ofa system employing an
`SVDbased Givens transform feedback in accordance with an
`embodimentofthe invention;
`
`[0067] FIG. 44 is another cxample of an SVD based Givens
`transformin accordance with an embodimentofthe invention
`in which a further spherical code based quantization is per-
`formed;
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`

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`US 2008/0108