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`11. Y. Akaiwa et. al, " An integrated voice and data radio access system" was published
`in the 1992 Proceedings of the Vehicular Technology Society 42nd VTS Conference -
`Frontiers of Technology. The 42nd VTS Conference - Frontiers of Technology was
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`() S ·J CA, ,w i) C J ~
`
`Executed on:
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`,,.: /J > / ,/--
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`Abstract: A method for a digital mobile radio communication system to incorporate data
`transmission into full-duplex digital voice transmission channels is presented. In this
`metho... View more
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` Metadata
`Abstract:
`A method for a digital mobile radio communication system to incorporate data
`transmission into full-duplex digital voice transmission channels is presented. In this
`method a voice terminal sends a short packet to a base station prior to sending a voice
`signal. When the base station receives the short packet or detects a collision between
`the short packet and data packet, it inhibits data transmission. Finding a pause period of
`voice signal transmission, the base station broadcasts a message to enable the data
`transmission. The results of computer simulation with voice data from real telephone
`conversations show that through the present system the almost maximum performance
`of the slotted ALOHA system is reached. Applying the proposed method to a 12-
`channel, 32-kb/s voice coding TDMA system, one can get a data transmission channel
`with average capacity of 270 kb/s on the voice communication system.<>
`
`Published in: [1992 Proceedings] Vehicular Technology Society 42nd VTS Conference
`- Frontiers of Technology
`
`Date of Conference: 10-13 May 1992
`
`INSPEC Accession Number: 4367980
`
`Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 06 August
`2002
`
`Print ISBN: 0-7803-0673-2
`
`DOI: 10.1109/VETEC.1992.245428
`
`Publisher: IEEE
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`https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/245428
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`An integrated voice and data radio access system - IEEE Conference Publication
`Print ISSN: 1090-3038
`Conference Location: Denver, CO, USA,
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`Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. - Ex. 1007, Page 0005
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`

`

`An Integrated Voice and Data Radio Access System
`
`Y oshihiko Akaiwa, Toshio Nomura and Shinji Minami
`Department of Computer Science and Electronics
`Kyushu Institute of Technology
`Kawazu 680, lizuka-City, 820, Japan
`
`Abstract
`
`This paper presents a new method for a digital
`radio communication system to incorporate data trans(cid:173)
`mission into full-duplex digital voice transmission
`channels. In this method a voice terminal sends a short
`packet to a base station prior to sending a voice signal.
`When the base station receives the short packet or de(cid:173)
`tects a collision between the short packet and data
`packet, it inhibits data transmission. Finding a pause
`period of voice signal transmission, the base station
`broadcasts a message to enable the data transmission.
`Toe results of computer simulation with voice data from
`real telephone conversations show that through the
`present system the almost maximum performance of the
`slotted ALOHA system is reached. Applying the pro(cid:173)
`posed method to a 12-channel, 32 kbits/s voice coding
`IDMA system, we can get a data transmission channel
`with average capacity of 270 kbits/s on the voice com(cid:173)
`munication system.
`
`I. Introduction
`
`In recent years, digital mobile, portable or indoor
`wireless communication systems [l] have received at(cid:173)
`tention for their advantages such as a high spectrum
`efficiency and various service capabilities: with those
`systems, in addition to the digital voice transmission,
`the data communication services are efficiently pro(cid:173)
`vided. Integration of the voice and the data transmission
`[2]-[5] becomes a technical issue in system design for
`achieving a higher spectrum efficiency. This is true
`even for systems which are intended for providing
`mainly a circuit-switched voice service; in contrast to
`this the integration of voice and data transmission is
`usually assumed and has been discussed for a packet(cid:173)
`switched system [6].
`This paper deals with the integration of the data
`transmission into full-duplex TDMA voice communi-
`
`cation systems by sending data signals at the pause pe(cid:173)
`riods of conversation. In this system, the key issue is
`how to supress the disturbance of the voice transmission
`incurred by the data transmission to the minimum level,
`i.e., the voice delay must be small and collision between
`the voice and the data signal must be avoided. We pro(cid:173)
`pose a new method, where the above mentioned re(cid:173)
`quirements are satisfied. First, the assumed TDMA sys(cid:173)
`tem and the proposed method are shown. Then, the col(cid:173)
`lision detection characteristics are analyzed by using
`rt/4 shift QPSK as the digital modulation. Computer
`simulation experiments on the data transmission per(cid:173)
`formances are made by using the voice signals obtained
`from real telephone conversations.
`
`II. The System Model and the Proposed Method
`
`Figure l illustrates the system to be discussed in
`this paper. Voice terminals and data terminals commu(cid:173)
`nicate independently via a base station with the external
`terminals connected to the wire-line, or with the internal
`terminals belonging to the same base station. We
`consider a 12-channel TOMA system with the two-fre(cid:173)
`quency full-duplex communication, as is shown in
`Fig.2. The frame length is chosen to be 5 milliseconds.
`If we use the 32kbits/s ADPCM (adaptive differential
`pulse code modulation) for voice coding, the channel
`speed becomes 451.2 kbits/s. Those system parameters
`are not important in our discussion. The carrier signal is
`transmitted only when the voice signal is detected; the
`carrier signal transmission is turned off during the pause
`in conversation periods (voice activated transmission).
`We never assign any dedicated channels for exclusive
`use by data transmission. The channels are assigned for
`
`255
`
`0-7803-067 3-2/92 $3.00 1992 IEEE
`
`I
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`

`::f:
`Voice
`TerminaIZ ~
`~
`Terminal ~
`
`Voice I
`
`j"
`Data
`Terminal 2".:
`
`Base Station
`
`Ext.
`
`Fig. I System model.
`
`the voice terminals on demand for a whole period of
`conversation (the cilcuit-switched channel).
`The base station controls the transmission of data
`signal by sending a busy signal or an idle signal in a
`down-link control channel. When the base station de(cid:173)
`tects the pause period of the voice signal being transmit(cid:173)
`ted on a channel, it broadcasts the idle signal to permit
`data signal transmission on that channel. The data sig(cid:173)
`nal is packetized into a burst signal of the same length as
`the voice signal. The data terminals which are ready for
`transmission send the data packet with a given probabil(cid:173)
`ity. Thus our data access system can be called slotted
`ALOHA. where the channel can be used in a stochastic
`way according to the occurrence of the pause periods of
`the conversation.
`The crucial issue to our system is how to avoid the
`collision between the data packet and the voice signal,
`when the voice signal transmission restarts. Here we
`propose the method where the voice terminal sends a
`data packet which tells the restart of the voice signal in
`the next frame period. On receiving the voice-restart(cid:173)
`packet from the voice terminal or on detecting a colli(cid:173)
`sion of the packets, the base station broadcasts the busy
`signal for the data terminals to inhibit the transmission.
`The voice terminals do not care about the busy signal
`and restart sending the voice signal.
`
`256
`
`I
`1·
`I
`#1 #2 #3
`
`5 ms
`
`--
`
`-
`
`#4
`
`#5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10
`
`#11 #12
`
`Preamble
`(24bit)
`
`Data
`(160bit)
`
`-
`k'-
`Guard bit
`(4bit)
`
`Fig.2 1DMA signal format.
`
`The delay in voice signal transmission is 5 milli(cid:173)
`seconds, which is tolerable in full-duplex communica(cid:173)
`tion. Thus the success of our method depends on the re(cid:173)
`liability of the collision detection. 11le collision can not
`be detected if the voice-restart-packet is captured by the
`data packet. The capture effect is due to the difference
`in level between the signals received at the same time.
`Considering a high probability of the big difference in
`the received signal levels owing to the near-far problem
`in radio communications, we must introduce the auto(cid:173)
`matic transmit power control to maintain the difference
`within an allowed range.
`
`m. Computer Simulation Results and Discussion
`
`In order to estimate the tolerance of error in the
`automatic transmit power control, we analyze the
`probability of the successful detection of the voice-re(cid:173)
`start-packet or the collision of the voice-restart-packet
`with the data packet. The digital modulation/demodula(cid:173)
`tion system is rr/4 shift QPSK [7] with a band-pass lim(cid:173)
`iter and delay detection. The results are shown in Fig.3.
`The probability of the detection is I 00 percent, if the
`power ratio of the voice-restart-packet signal to the data
`signal is higher than -7 dB.
`For detecting whether the voice signal is active or
`not, signal level and zero-crossing frequencies are used.
`We decide that the voice signal is active if the signal
`level or the zero-crossing frequency exceeds specified
`threshold levels [8]. Figure 4 shows the distribution
`of the pause periods measured from real telephone
`
`I
`
`Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. - Ex. 1007, Page 0007
`IPR2019-01350 (Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. v. Uniloc 2017 LLC)
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`

`

`I
`'
`!
`+---1--1
`.
`i
`!
`i
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`,
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`i L
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`-
`+---+---
`I
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`I
`I
`-~-:-
`
`I
`
`8
`
`9
`
`if) .s
`
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`E
`i=
`X
`a,
`E
`i=
`
`r---
`
`180
`
`160
`
`140
`
`120
`
`1r.-1 -
`
`80
`
`I
`
`--~l
`
`t-
`
`-
`
`~ -
`
`60 -~ ,-~
`
`- - - -
`
`40
`
`20
`
`0
`
`I
`
`--, n ~Li
`1
`Jlru1
`
`'---' ~
`
`I
`10000
`
`10
`
`100
`
`1000
`
`Time [ms]
`
`C
`0
`
`60
`
`40
`
`c 100
`Q)
`u
`Q)
`.e, 80
`t5
`~
`0
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`:~
`0
`0
`0
`g
`B
`«I
`..0
`0
`ct
`
`7
`
`Desired to Undesired Signal Power Ratio (dB)
`
`Fig.3 Collision detection performance.
`
`Fig.4 Distribution of pause periods.
`
`conversations for 5 different speakers with a total length
`of time of 4 minutes. Ratio of the summed pause peri(cid:173)
`ods to the total time was around 0.5.
`Data packet transmission performances in real
`conversations are investigated under an assumption of
`random arrival of the packets from 10 data terminals.
`The perfect detection of the collision at the base station
`is also assumed. With the proposed method, the basesta(cid:173)
`tion inhibits the data transmission, even when the colli(cid:173)
`sion takes place between the data packets. Average de(cid:173)
`lay of transmission versus throughput performances are
`shown in Fig.5 with packet transmission probability as
`a parameter. The throughput values in parentheses are
`given when the throughput is defined a5 the ratio of the
`number of transmitted packets to the number of the
`bursts in the pause periods. The optimum transmission
`probability is 0.08. TI1e highest throughput is only
`slightly low compared with the maximum throughput of
`0.368 for the slotted ALOHA system.
`Figure 6 shows the results with other conversa(cid:173)
`tions. The performances are different between the three
`conversations. Figure 6 shows also the results for a case
`where the three channels are simultaneously used for
`the data transmission. The simultaneous use of multiple
`channels between data terminals is easy for the TDMA
`system in contrast to the FDMA system. We can largely
`
`8
`
`-
`
`'------ -- ~ -
`j _____ J ____
`. p=0.15 1
`
`I
`
`•
`
`P=0.05
`
`I
`
`I
`
`i
`--- l -- -
`
`;
`
`6
`
`u
`!
`~ 4
`a5
`"O
`
`,i,0.09
`-1--·-
`- - t9~-Q~
`
`--+---+-
`'
`
`0.15
`(0.3)
`
`0.2
`(0.4)
`
`0
`( 0)
`
`0.05
`(0.1)
`
`0.1
`(0.2)
`throughput
`
`Fig.5 Average delay vs. throughput performance.
`
`reduce the average delay. We can expect a higher per(cid:173)
`formance by using more channels.We can estimate the
`packet data transmission capacity of our system as fol(cid:173)
`lows. Consider a 12-channel, circuit-switched, blocked(cid:173)
`calls-cleared system, then the channel efficiency is 0.6
`
`257
`
`I
`
`Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. - Ex. 1007, Page 0008
`IPR2019-01350 (Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. v. Uniloc 2017 LLC)
`
`

`

`Acknowledgement
`
`The authors thank associate professor Y. Oie for
`valuable discussion on the random access system.
`
`References
`
`'Second generation wireless
`[l] D. J. Goodman,
`information networks', IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech.,
`vol. 40, pp. 336-374, May 1991.
`
`[2] H. P. Stem, 'Design issues relevant to developing
`an integrated voice/data mobile radio system', Proc.
`IEEE Veh. Tech. Conf., pp. 57-64, 1988.
`
`[3] ---- , 'Performance analysis of an integrated voice/
`data mobile radio system', ibid, pp. 300-305, 1989.
`
`[4] ---- , 'An improved integrated voice/data mobile
`radio system', ibid., pp. 311-316, 1990.
`
`[5] K. Zhang and K. Pahlavan, 'An integrated voice/data
`system for mobile indoor radio networks', IEEE
`Trans. Veh. Tech., vol. 39, pp. 75-82, Feb. 1990.
`
`[6] D. J. Goodman, 'Cellular packet communications',
`IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. 38, pp. 1272-
`1280, August 1990.
`
`[7] Y. Akaiwa and Y. Nagata, 'Highly efficient digital
`mobile communications with a linear modulation
`method', IEEE Jownal on Selected Area Commun.,
`vol. SAC-5, pp. 890-895, June 1987.
`
`[8] L. R. Rabiner and M. R. Sambur, 'An algorithm for
`determining the endpoints of isolated utterances',
`Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 54, pp. 297-315, February
`1975.
`
`throughput
`
`Fig.6 Average delay vs. throughput performance.
`
`for the call blocking probability of, for example, 3%.
`The average free channel is calculated as
`I2x(l-0.6)+12 x0.6x0.5=8.4ch.
`where the factor, 0.5 denotes the pause period rate.
`Assuming a voice coding rate of 32 kbits/s, our system
`offers a data transmission channel with an average ca(cid:173)
`pacity of 270 kbits/s.
`
`IV. Conclusion
`
`A new method is proposed for integration of data
`packet transmission into the full-duplex digital voice
`radio communication system without disturbing the
`voice communication. The results of computer simula(cid:173)
`tion with voice data from real telephone conversations
`show that through the present system the almost maxi(cid:173)
`mum performance of the slotted ALOHA system is
`reached. With application of the proposed method to a
`12-channel, 32 kbits/s voice coding TDMA system, we
`can expect a data transmission channel with an average
`capacity of 270 kbits/s on the voice communication
`system.
`
`258
`
`r
`
`I
`
`r
`
`Marvell Semiconductor, Inc. - Ex. 1007, Page 0009
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