Shared Wireless Access Protocol
`(Cordless Access)
`Specification
`
`SWAP–CA
`Revision 1.3 draft 20000229
`
`29 February 2000
`
`by
`The HomeRF™ Technical Committee
`
`THIS SPECIFICATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER,
`INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR
`ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY
`PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE.
`
`The HomeRF™ Working Group and all member companies disclaim all liability, including liability for
`infringement of any proprietary rights, relating to use of information in this specification. No license,
`express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted herein -
`except that a license is hereby granted to copy and reproduce this specification for internal use only.
`
`The members of the HomeRFTM Working Group (HRFWG) have adopted the Shared Wireless Access
`Protocol (Cordless Access) (SWAP-CA). The specification has been reviewed by the member
`companies for technical accuracy and is believed to be complete.
`
`The HRFWG reserves the right to make modifications to the specification. Changes will be published
`as new revision numbers or errata to the current revision number.
`
`© Copyright 1998-2000 HomeRF Working Group.
`
`*Third-party brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
`
`© Copyright 1998-2000 HomeRF Working Group
`
`Page 1 of 513
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`

`

`SWAP-CA Specification
`
`Revision 1.3 draft 20000229
`
`Page i
`
`CONTENTS
`
`1
`1.1
`1.2
`1.3
`1.4
`1.5
`1.5.1
`1.6
`1.7
`
`INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1
`Document Overview.......................................................................................................................... 1
`Abbreviations and Acronyms .......................................................................................................... 2
`Definitions........................................................................................................................................... 3
`Document Conventions .................................................................................................................... 5
`History of Changes to this Document ............................................................................................ 6
`Status of this draft revision ........................................................................................................ 9
`Versions of SWAP-CA Document Annexes.................................................................................. 9
`Technical Feedback and Document Updates.............................................................................. 10
`
`2 REFERENCES................................................................................................................ 11
`
`3 THE SWAP-CA PROTOCOL ..................................................................................... 12
`3.1
`Introduction to SWAP-CA (Informative)..................................................................................... 12
`3.2
`Summary of SWAP-CA Features................................................................................................... 13
`3.3
`Types of Data Service Supported.................................................................................................. 14
`3.3.1
`Characteristics of the Asynchronous Data Service ............................................................... 14
`3.3.2
`Characteristics of the Isochronous Data Service ................................................................... 15
`3.3.3
`Characteristics of the Isochronous Connectionless Broadcast Data Service ..................... 16
`3.3.3.1
`Uses of the ICBS (Informative) ............................................................................................ 17
`Network Topology........................................................................................................................... 18
`3.4
`SWAP-CA Device Types .......................................................................................................... 18
`3.4.1
`Active and Passive CPs......................................................................................................... 19
`3.4.1.1
`Switching between Class-1 and Class-2 Behavior (Informative) .................................... 19
`3.4.1.2
`SWAP-CA Bridges and Bridge-Aware Nodes .................................................................. 20
`3.4.1.3
`Supported Configurations of SWAP-CA Nodes................................................................... 20
`3.4.2
`Class 1 Managed Network ................................................................................................... 21
`3.4.2.1
`Class 2 Managed Network ................................................................................................... 23
`3.4.2.2
`Ad-hoc Network.................................................................................................................... 24
`3.4.2.3
`Bridged Network................................................................................................................... 25
`3.4.2.4
`SWAP-CA Architecture................................................................................................................... 25
`Introduction to SWAP-CA Architecture ................................................................................ 26
`Compatibility with DECT .................................................................................................... 26
`A-node Architecture ................................................................................................................. 27
`I-node Architecture ................................................................................................................... 28
`CP Architecture ......................................................................................................................... 29
`Class-1 CP (Separate)............................................................................................................ 29
`Class-1 CP (Integrated)......................................................................................................... 30
`Class-2 CP............................................................................................................................... 31
`U-Plane Architecture ................................................................................................................ 31
`I-node U-Plane Architecture................................................................................................ 32
`Class-1 CP U-Plane Architecture......................................................................................... 33
`Voice / PSTN Interface Stack .................................................................................................. 34
`I-node Echo Cancellation...................................................................................................... 34
`Network Interface and Network Echo Cancellation ........................................................ 35
`Voice / PSTN Interface......................................................................................................... 35
`On-Air Stack............................................................................................................................... 35
`
`3.5
`3.5.1
`3.5.1.1
`3.5.2
`3.5.3
`3.5.4
`3.5.4.1
`3.5.4.2
`3.5.4.3
`3.5.5
`3.5.5.1
`3.5.5.2
`3.5.6
`3.5.6.1
`3.5.6.2
`3.5.6.3
`3.5.7
`
`© Copyright 1998-2000 HomeRF Working Group
`
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`SWAP-CA Specification
`
`Revision 1.3 draft 20000229
`
`Page ii
`
`3.5.7.1
`3.5.7.2
`3.5.7.3
`3.5.7.4
`3.5.8
`3.5.8.1
`3.5.8.2
`3.5.9
`3.5.10
`3.5.11
`
`On-Air Voice Processor ........................................................................................................ 35
`DECT NWK & DLC .............................................................................................................. 36
`SWAP-CA MAC .................................................................................................................... 36
`SWAP-CA PHY...................................................................................................................... 37
`The PC Stack and Network Driver ......................................................................................... 37
`PC Stack Implementation (Informative) ............................................................................ 38
`Network Driver ..................................................................................................................... 38
`User-Interface............................................................................................................................. 39
`IWU ............................................................................................................................................. 39
`Bridge Architecture................................................................................................................... 39
`
`4 PHYSICAL (PHY) LAYER.......................................................................................... 41
`4.1
`PHY Layer Services .......................................................................................................................... 41
`4.1.1
`PHY Data Service ...................................................................................................................... 41
`4.1.1.1
`PD_TX_DATA Primitive ...................................................................................................... 43
`4.1.1.2
`PD_RX_START Primitive..................................................................................................... 44
`4.1.1.3
`PD_RX_END Primitive......................................................................................................... 45
`4.1.1.4
`PD_RX_MAC_INITIAL_HEADER Primitive.................................................................... 45
`4.1.1.5
`PD_RX_PSDU1 Primitive..................................................................................................... 46
`4.1.1.6
`PD_RX_PSDU2 Primitive..................................................................................................... 47
`4.1.2
`Example of PPDU transmission (Informative)...................................................................... 47
`4.1.3
`Effect of Dual PSDU on a Single PSDU node ........................................................................ 48
`4.1.4
`Service Interface for receiving Dual Beacon PSDUs............................................................. 48
`4.1.5
`PHY Management Service ....................................................................................................... 49
`4.1.5.1
`PM_SET_ENABLE Primitive ............................................................................................... 49
`4.1.5.2
`PM_SET_CHANNEL Primitive........................................................................................... 50
`4.1.5.3
`PM_GET_CCA Primitive...................................................................................................... 50
`PHY Layer PDU Structure .............................................................................................................. 51
`Ramp On Field........................................................................................................................... 53
`Training Sequence (TS) Field................................................................................................... 53
`Use of the Sync Field (Informative) .................................................................................... 53
`SFD Fields................................................................................................................................... 54
`TSFD........................................................................................................................................ 54
`CSFD ....................................................................................................................................... 54
`EFD Field .................................................................................................................................... 55
`EFD Field (Informative)........................................................................................................ 55
`PSDU1 Field ............................................................................................................................... 55
`PSDU2 Field ............................................................................................................................... 55
`Ramp Off Field .......................................................................................................................... 55
`Gap Field .................................................................................................................................... 56
`Multi-Rate Support.......................................................................................................................... 56
`PHY Data Architecture .................................................................................................................... 56
`PHY Transmit Processes........................................................................................................... 56
`TDMA PPDU ......................................................................................................................... 57
`Single PSDU ........................................................................................................................... 57
`Dual PSDU ............................................................................................................................. 58
`Dual Beacon ........................................................................................................................... 59
`PHY Receive Processes............................................................................................................. 60
`Effect of Receiving Unsupported PPDU formats (Informative) ......................................... 60
`PHY Receive State Machine..................................................................................................... 61
`PHY Receive States................................................................................................................ 61
`
`4.2
`4.2.1
`4.2.2
`4.2.2.1
`4.2.3
`4.2.3.1
`4.2.3.2
`4.2.4
`4.2.4.1
`4.2.5
`4.2.6
`4.2.7
`4.2.8
`4.3
`4.4
`4.4.1
`4.4.1.1
`4.4.1.2
`4.4.1.3
`4.4.1.4
`4.4.2
`4.4.3
`4.4.4
`4.4.4.1
`
`© Copyright 1998-2000 HomeRF Working Group
`
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`SWAP-CA Specification
`
`Revision 1.3 draft 20000229
`
`Page iii
`
`4.4.4.2
`4.4.4.3
`4.4.4.4
`4.4.5
`4.4.5.1
`4.4.5.2
`4.4.5.3
`4.4.5.4
`4.4.6
`4.4.6.1
`4.4.6.2
`4.4.7
`4.4.7.1
`4.4.7.2
`4.4.7.3
`4.4.8
`4.4.8.1
`4.4.8.2
`4.4.8.3
`4.4.8.4
`4.4.8.5
`4.4.8.6
`4.4.8.7
`4.4.8.8
`4.4.8.9
`4.4.9
`4.4.9.1
`4.4.9.2
`4.4.10
`4.4.11
`4.4.11.1
`4.4.11.2
`4.4.11.3
`4.4.12
`4.5
`4.5.1
`4.5.1.1
`4.5.1.2
`4.5.2
`4.5.3
`4.5.4
`4.5.5
`4.5.6
`4.5.7
`4.5.8
`4.6
`4.6.1
`4.6.2
`4.6.2.1
`4.6.2.2
`4.6.3
`4.6.4
`
`PHY Receive Events.............................................................................................................. 62
`PHY Receive State Transition Diagram.............................................................................. 62
`PHY Receive State Transitions and Indications ................................................................ 64
`Stuffing and Stuff Bit Removal................................................................................................ 65
`Stuffing (Informative) ........................................................................................................... 65
`Stuffing Procedure ................................................................................................................ 65
`Stuff Bit Removal Procedure................................................................................................ 65
`Example of Bit-Stuffer Operation (Informative) ............................................................... 66
`TDMA SFD Delimiter Procedures .......................................................................................... 66
`Transmission.......................................................................................................................... 66
`Detection................................................................................................................................. 66
`CSMA SFD and EFD Delimiter Procedures.......................................................................... 66
`Overview (Informative)........................................................................................................ 66
`CSFD Detection...................................................................................................................... 66
`EFD Detection ........................................................................................................................ 67
`CSMA Scrambler ....................................................................................................................... 67
`Presentation (Informative) ................................................................................................... 67
`Overview (Informative)........................................................................................................ 67
`CSMA Scrambler Core (Informative) ................................................................................. 68
`CSMA Scrambler (Informative)........................................................................................... 69
`Descrambler (Informative)................................................................................................... 69
`CSMA Scrambler Code......................................................................................................... 70
`CSMA Descrambler Code .................................................................................................... 72
`CSMA Scrambler Test Harness (Informative) ................................................................... 73
`CSMA Scrambler Test Vectors............................................................................................. 79
`TDMA Scrambler ...................................................................................................................... 82
`TDMA Scrambler (Informative) .......................................................................................... 82
`TDMA Scrambler (Normative)............................................................................................ 82
`Bit/Symbol Conversion............................................................................................................ 83
`Differential Encoder/Decoder................................................................................................. 83
`Differential Encoding (Informative) .................................................................................. 83
`Differential Encoder............................................................................................................. 84
`Differential Decoder............................................................................................................. 86
`TS Field Generation................................................................................................................... 88
`PHY Transmit Requirements......................................................................................................... 88
`Modulation................................................................................................................................. 88
`2-FSK Modulation ................................................................................................................. 88
`4-FSK Modulation ................................................................................................................. 90
`Modulation Transition Times .................................................................................................. 91
`Transmit Power Level............................................................................................................... 92
`Permitted Transmit Power according to SWAP-CA Node Type........................................ 92
`Occupied Channel Bandwidth ................................................................................................ 92
`Unwanted Emissions ................................................................................................................ 92
`Transmit Spectrum Shape ........................................................................................................ 93
`Transmit Center Frequency Tolerance ................................................................................... 93
`PHY Receive Requirements ........................................................................................................... 93
`Receiver Channel Specification Group................................................................................... 93
`Receive Error-rate Performance Limits .................................................................................. 94
`Connection Point and A-Nodes........................................................................................... 94
`I-nodes .................................................................................................................................... 94
`Receiver Center Frequency Acceptance Range ..................................................................... 94
`Receiver Frequency Range....................................................................................................... 94
`
`© Copyright 1998-2000 HomeRF Working Group
`
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`SWAP-CA Specification
`
`Revision 1.3 draft 20000229
`
`Page iv
`
`4.6.5
`4.6.6
`4.6.7
`4.6.7.1
`4.6.7.2
`4.6.8
`4.7
`4.7.1
`4.7.2
`4.7.3
`4.7.4
`4.7.5
`4.7.6
`
`Receiver Input Signal Range.................................................................................................... 94
`Receiver Sensitivity................................................................................................................... 94
`Receiver Intermodulation......................................................................................................... 95
`2-FSK ....................................................................................................................................... 95
`4-FSK ....................................................................................................................................... 95
`Receiver Desensitization .......................................................................................................... 96
`PHY General Requirements........................................................................................................... 98
`Clear Channel Assessment....................................................................................................... 98
`End of PSDU2 Detection .......................................................................................................... 98
`Channel Switching / Settling Time ........................................................................................ 98
`Receive To Transmit Switch Time........................................................................................... 98
`Symbol Rate ............................................................................................................................... 98
`Operating Temperature Range................................................................................................ 98
`
`5 MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL (MAC) LAYER .................................................... 99
`5.1
`Introduction to the SWAP-CA MAC (Informative)................................................................... 99
`5.1.1
`Varying MAC Behavior (Informative) ................................................................................. 100
`5.2
`MAC Services.................................................................................................................................. 101
`5.2.1
`MD-SAP Data Service............................................................................................................. 101
`5.2.1.1
`MD_DATA Primitive.......................................................................................................... 101
`5.2.2
`MC-SAP Data Service ............................................................................................................. 103
`5.2.2.1
`Mapping MAC identities onto DECT MC-SAP identities ............................................. 103
`5.2.2.2
`MC_CON Primitive ............................................................................................................ 104
`5.2.2.3
`MC_DIS Primitive ............................................................................................................... 104
`5.2.2.4
`MC_UCONT Primitive....................................................................................................... 105
`5.2.2.5
`MC_UDTR Primitive .......................................................................................................... 105
`5.2.2.6
`MC_UDATA Primitive....................................................................................................... 106
`5.2.2.7
`MC_CDATA Primitive ....................................................................................................... 107
`5.2.2.8
`MC_CDTR Primitive........................................................................................................... 107
`5.2.2.9
`MC_KEY Primitive.............................................................................................................. 108
`5.2.2.10
`MC_ENC Primitive ............................................................................................................ 109
`5.2.3
`MB-SAP Data Service (ICBS) ................................................................................................. 110
`5.2.3.1
`MB_CDATA Primitive........................................................................................................ 111
`5.2.3.2
`MB_UCONT Primitive (CP only)...................................................................................... 112
`5.2.3.3
`MB_UDTR Primitive (CP Only) ........................................................................................ 113
`5.2.3.4
`MB_UDATA Primitive ....................................................................................................... 114
`5.2.4
`MM-SAP Management Service ............................................................................................. 114
`5.2.4.1
`MM_TEACH Primitive....................................................................................................... 115
`5.2.4.2
`MM_LEARN Primitive....................................................................................................... 115
`5.2.4.3
`MM_START Primitive ........................................................................................................ 116
`5.2.4.4
`MM_JOIN Primitive............................................................................................................ 117
`5.2.4.5
`MM_LOST Primitive........................................................................................................... 117
`MAC Architecture .......................................................................................................................... 118
`“Packet” Types (Informative) ................................................................................................ 120
`MPDU Structures ........................................................................................................................... 121
`Byte and Bit Ordering............................................................................................................. 121
`Introduction (Informative) ................................................................................................. 121
`Byte and Bit Ordering (Normative) .................................................................................. 123
`Reserved Fields and Values ................................................................................................... 123
`Different MPDU Formats ....................................................................................................... 123
`MPDU Headers ....................................................................................................................... 124
`
`5.3
`5.3.1
`5.4
`5.4.1
`5.4.1.1
`5.4.1.2
`5.4.2
`5.4.3
`5.4.4
`
`© Copyright 1998-2000 HomeRF Working Group
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`SWAP-CA Specification
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`Revision 1.3 draft 20000229
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`Page v
`
`5.4.4.1
`5.4.4.2
`5.4.4.3
`5.4.4.4
`5.4.4.5
`5.4.4.6
`5.4.4.7
`5.4.4.8
`5.4.4.9
`5.4.4.10
`5.4.4.11
`5.4.4.12
`5.4.4.13
`5.4.4.14
`5.4.4.15
`5.4.4.16
`5.4.4.17
`5.4.5
`5.4.5.1
`5.4.5.2
`5.4.5.3
`5.4.5.4
`5.4.6
`5.4.7
`5.4.7.1
`5.4.7.2
`5.4.7.3
`5.4.8
`5.4.9
`5.4.9.1
`5.4.9.2
`5.4.9.3
`5.4.10
`5.4.11
`5.4.12
`5.4.13
`5.4.13.1
`5.4.13.2
`5.4.13.3
`5.4.13.4
`5.4.14
`5.5
`5.5.1
`5.5.2
`5.5.2.1
`5.5.2.2
`5.5.2.3
`5.5.2.4
`5.5.3
`5.5.3.1
`5.5.3.2
`5.5.3.3
`
`MPDU Header Type 1 ........................................................................................................ 125
`MPDU Header Type 2 ........................................................................................................ 126
`MPDU Header Type 3 ........................................................................................................ 126
`MPDU Header Type 4 ........................................................................................................ 126
`MPDU Control Field........................................................................................................... 126
`Version Field ........................................................................................................................ 127
`MPDU Types........................................................................................................................ 127
`Learn NWID Field............................................................................................................... 129
`Modulation Rate Field ........................................................................................................ 130
`Length Field ........................................................................................................................ 130
`NWID Field......................................................................................................................... 131
`Superframe Control Field.................................................................................................. 131
`Payload Control Field........................................................................................................ 132
`Unicast Payload control field............................................................................................ 132
`Multicast Payload control field ........................................................................................ 135
`Source and Destination Address Fields .......................................................................... 136
`Synchronization Information Field.................................................................................. 137
`MPDU CRCs ............................................................................................................................ 138
`MPDU fields Included in the MAC CRCs ....................................................................... 138
`Mapping Between a Bit Sequence and a Polynomial ..................................................... 138
`32-bit CRC Algorithm......................................................................................................... 139
`DECT CRC............................................................................................................................ 140
`MPDU Payload........................................................................................................................ 140
`IR and SI MPDUs .................................................................................................................... 140
`Information Request MPDU .............................................................................................. 140
`Station Information MPDU................................................................................................ 141
`Capabilities........................................................................................................................... 141
`Data MPDU.......................