`
`IEEE Standard for
`Local and metropolitan area networks—
`
`Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area
`Networks (LR-WPANs)
`
` 
`
` 
`  
`
`
`
`IEEE Computer Society
`
` S L 
`
`ponsored by the
`AN/MAN Standards Committee
`
`IEEE Std 802.15.4™‐2011
`
`
`
`(Revision of
`IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006)
`
`
`
`IEEE
`3 Park Avenue
`New York, NY 10016-5997
`USA
`
` 5
`
` September 2011
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 1
`
`Petition for Inter Parties Review
`of U.S. Patent No. 9,258,698
`EXHIBIT
`
`Cellspin-2004
`
`IPR2019-00131
`
`exhibitsticker.com
`
`

`

`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 2
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 2
`
`

`

`IEEE Std 802.15.4™-2011
`(Revision of
`IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006)
`
`IEEE Standard for
`Local and metropolitan area networks—
`Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area
`Networks (LR-WPANs)
`
`Sponsor
`LAN/MAN Standards Committee
`of the
`IEEE Computer Society
`
`Approved 16 June 2011
`IEEE-SA Standards Board
`
`Approved 14 August 2012
`American National Standards Institute
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 3
`
`

`

`Abstract: The protocol and compatible interconnection for data communication devices using low-
`data-rate, low-power, and low-complexity short-range radio frequency (RF) transmissions in a wire-
`less personal area network (WPAN) were defined in IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006. In this revision, the
`market applicability of IEEE Std 802.15.4 is extended, the ambiguities in the standard are removed,
`and the improvements learned from implementations of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006 are included.
`
`Keywords: ad hoc network, IEEE 802.15.4, low data rate, low power, LR-WPAN, mobility, PAN,
`personal area network, radio frequency, RF, short range, wireless, wireless personal area network,
`WPAN
`
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA
`
`Copyright © 2011 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`All rights reserved. Published 5 September 2011. Printed in the United States of America.
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`Engineers, Incorporated.
`Print:
`ISBN 978-0-7381-6683-4 STD97126
`PDF:
`ISBN 978-0-7381-6684-1 STDPD97126
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`written permission of the publisher.
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 4
`
`

`

`IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of
`the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensus
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`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 5
`
`

`

`Introduction
`
`This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2011, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area
`networks—Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs).
`
`This is the second revision of IEEE Std 802.15.4. From the beginning, the goal of 802.15.4 was to produce
`a standard that enabled very low-cost, low-power communications. The initial standard, IEEE Std 802.15.4-
`2003, defined two optional PHYs, operating in different frequency bands with a very simple, but effective,
`MAC.
`
`In 2006, the standard was revised, adding two more PHY options. The MAC was backward-compatible, but
`it added MAC frames with an increased version number, new security features, and a variety of MAC
`enhancements, including:
`
`— Support for a shared time base with a data time stamping mechanism
`— Support for beacon scheduling
`— Synchronization of broadcast messages in beacon-enabled PANs
`
`In 2007, two new PHYs were added as an amendment, one of which supported accurate ranging. As a part
`of this amendment, MAC capability to support ranging was added.
`
`In 2009, two new PHY amendments were approved, one to provide operation in frequency bands specific in
`China and the other for operation in frequency bands specific to Japan.
`
`The current revision of the standard was created to roll in the previous three amendments into a single
`document. However, IEEE Std 802.15.4 had become very popular, and there were three additional
`amendments, 2 PHY and 1 MAC, in process at that time. It was clear that the original organization of the
`standard was inadequate for the variety of applications, optional PHYs and optional MAC features to which
`the 802.15.4 base standard would be applied.
`
`Thus, the major changes in the current revision are not technical but editorial. The organization of the
`standard was changed so that each PHY now has a separate clause. The MAC clause was split into
`functional description, interface specification, and security specification. In additon, a great deal of
`informative text, including the coexisting annex and regulatory annex, were deleted so that the document
`would focus on only those technical requirements needed for interoperability. The revised organization is
`the consensus decision of a broad group of 802.15 members, including people who were part of the original
`standard as well as individuals developing amendments to the standard for new applications.
`
`The PAR for IEEE Std 802.15.4-2011 was first proposed in July 2010 and was approved in September 2010
`by NesCom. After a total of 10 drafts, 3 working group ballots ,and 4 sponsor ballots, the final standard was
`approved in June 2011, less than one year from start to finish.
`
`Notice to users
`
`Laws and regulations
`
`Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provi-
`sions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of
`the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does
`
`iv
`
`Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 6
`
`

`

`not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws,
`and these documents may not be construed as doing so.
`
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`this document.
`
`Updating of IEEE documents
`
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`For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process,
`visit the IEEE-SA website at http://standards.ieee.org.
`
`Errata
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`Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/
`reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically.
`
`Interpretations
`
`Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/
`index.html.
`
`Patents
`
`Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this recommended practice may require use of
`subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this recommended practice, no position is taken
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`
`Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`v
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 7
`
`

`

`Participants
`
`At the time the draft of this standard was sent to sponsor ballot, the IEEE P802.15 Working Group had the
`following voting members:
`
`Robert F. Heile, Chair
`Rick Alfvin, Co-Vice Chair
`Patrick W. Kinney, Co-Vice Chair
`James P. K. Gilb, Working Group Technical Editor
`Patrick W. Kinney, Secretary
`
`Emad Afifi
`Gahng-Seop Ahn
`Roberto Aiello
`Arthur Astrin
`Taehan Bae
`Michael Bahr
`John Barr
`Anuj Batra
`Tuncer Baykas
`Philip E. Beecher
`Ashutosh Bhatia
`Ghulam Bhatti
`Gary Birk
`Mathew Boytim
`Peter David Bradley
`Nancy Bravin
`David Britz
`Monique B. Brown
`Sverre Brubk
`Brian Buchanan
`John Buffington
`Kiran Bynam
`Brent Cain
`Edgar H. Callaway
`Chris Calvert
`Ruben Cardozo
`Douglas Castor
`Jaesang Cha
`Russell Chandler
`Kuor-Hsin Chang
`Soo-Young Chang
`Clint Chaplin
`Hind Chebbo
`Chang-Soon Choi
`Sangsung Choi
`Ciaran Connell
`David Cypher
`Matthew Dahl
`David Davenport
`Mark Dawkins
`Hendricus De Ruijter
`Upkar Dhaliwal
`Gang Ding
`Paul Dixon
`Guido Dolmans
`Igor Dotlic
`Michael Dow
`Dietmar Eggert
`David Evans
`
`James P. K. Gilb, Task Group 4i Chair and Technical Editor
`Charles Farlow
`John Lampe
`John Farserotu
`Zhou Lan
`Jeffrey Fischbeck
`Khanh Le
`Mike Fischer
`Cheolhyo Lee
`George Flammer
`Hyungsoo Lee
`Ryosuke Fujiwara
`Myung Lee
`Noriyasu Fukatsu
`Daniel Lewis
`Kiyoshi Fukui
`Huan-Bang Li
`John Geiger
`Liang Li
`Gregory Gillooly
`Sang-Kyu Lim
`Tim Godfrey
`Jeremy Link
`Paul Gorday
`Mike Lynch
`Elad Gottlib
`Robert Mason
`Robert Hall
`Tomokuni Matsumura
`Shinsuke Hara
`Jeff McCullough
`Hiroshi Harada
`Michael McGillan
`Timothy Harrington
`Michael D. McInnis
`Rodney Hemminger
`Michael McLaughlin
`Marco Hernandez
`Charles Millet
`Garth Hillman
`Siamak Mirnezami
`Jin-Meng Ho
`Rishi Mohindra
`Wei Hong
`Emmanuel Monnerie
`Srinath Hosur
`Rajendra Moorti
`David Howard
`Robert Moskowitz
`Jung-Hwan Hwang
`Hamilton Moy
`Taeho Hwang
`Peter Murray
`Ichirou Ida
`Theodore Myers
`Tetsushi Ikegami
`Chiu Ngo
`Akio Iso
`Paul Nikolich
`Yeong Min Jang
`Hirohito Nishiyama
`Adrian Jennings
`David Olson
`Wuncheol Jeong
`Okundu Omeni
`Steven Jillings
`Ryoji Ono
`Noh-Gyoung Kang
`Laurent Ouvry
`Tae-Gyu Kang
`James Pace
`Shuzo Kato
`Hyung-Il Park
`Tatsuya Kato
`Jahng Park
`Jeritt Kent
`Seung-Hoon Park
`Prithpal Khakuria
`Taejoon Park
`Dae Ho Kim
`Ranjeet Patro
`Dong-Sun Kim
`Al Petrick
`Dukhyun Kim
`Dalibor Pokrajac
`Jaehwan Kim
`Daniel Popa
`Jeffrey King
`Stephen Pope
`Ryuji Kohno
`Clinton C. Powell
`Fumihide Kojima
`Richard Powell
`Bruce Kraemer
`Chang-Woo Pyo
`Raymond Krasinski
`Mohammad Rahman
`Masahiro Kuroda
`Sridhar Rajagopal
`
`vi
`
`Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 8
`
`

`

`Jayaram Ramasastry
`Marc Reed
`Ivan Reede
`Richard Roberts
`Craig Rodine
`June Chul Roh
`Benjamin Rolfe
`Seung-Moon Ryu
`Didier Sagan
`Kentaro Sakamoto
`Will San Filippo
`H. Sanderford
`Kamran Sayrafian
`Timothy Schmidl
`Michael Schmidt
`Jean Schwoerer
`Cristina Seibert
`Neal Seidl
`Kunal Shah
`Steve Shearer
`Stephen Shellhammer
`Shusaku Shimada
`
`Chang Sub Shin
`Cheol Ho Shin
`Michael Sim
`Jonathan Simon
`Jaeseung Son
`Paul Stadnik
`René Struik
`Chin-Sean Sum
`Hui-Hsia Sung
`Gu Sungi
`Kenichi Takizawa
`Hirokazu Tanaka
`Larry Taylor
`Mark Thompson
`James Tomcik
`Ichihiko Toyoda
`David Tracey
`Khanh Tran
`Jerry Upton
`Jana van Greunen
`Hartman van Wyk
`Michel Veillette
`
`Major contributions were received from the following individuals:
`Clint Chaplin
`Philip E. Beecher
`Vern Brethour
`James P. K. Gilb
`Monique B. Brown
`Patrick W. Kinney
`Edgar H. Callaway
`Michael D. McInnis
`Kuor-Hsin Chang
`
`Billy Verso
`Bhupender Virk
`Joachim Walewski
`Junyi Wang
`Quan Wang
`Xiang Wang
`Andy Ward
`Scott Weikel
`Nicholas West
`Mark Wilbur
`Ludwig Winkel
`Eun Tae Won
`Alan Chi Wai Wong
`Tao Xing
`Wen-Bin Yang
`Yang Yang
`Kazuyuki Yasukawa
`Kamya Yazdandoost
`Kaoru Yokoo
`Mu Zhao
`Bin Zhen
`
`Clinton C. Powell
`Benjamin Rolfe
`Timothy Schmidl
`René Struik
`Billy Verso
`
`Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`vii
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 9
`
`

`

`The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for
`approval, disapproval, or abstention.
`Jon Adams
`Emad Afifi
`Roberto Aiello
`Rick Alfvin
`Nobumitsu Amachi
`Mark Anderson
`Tuncer Baykas
`Philip E. Beecher
`H. Stephen Berger
`Maciej Borowka
`Nancy Bravin
`Vern Brethour
`John Buffington
`William Byrd
`Edgar H. Callaway
`Radhakrishna Canchi
`Ruben Cardozo
`Juan Carreon
`Dave Cavalcanti
`Kuor-Hsin Chang
`Clint Chaplin
`Keith Chow
`Charles Cook
`Todor Cooklev
`Joseph Decuir
`Patrick Diamond
`Russell Dietz
`Thomas Dineen
`Sourav Dutta
`Richard Eckard
`Devon Gayle
`John Geiger
`James P. K. Gilb
`Gregory Gillooly
`Randall Groves
`Jose Gutierrez
`C. Guy
`Rainer Hach
`Robert F. Heile
`
`John Notor
`Satoshi Obara
`Chris Osterloh
`Clinton C. Powell
`Venkatesha Prasad
`Mohammad Rahman
`Jayaram Ramasastry
`Robert Robinson
`Benjamin Rolfe
`Randall Safier
`Kazuyuki Sakoda
`Naotaka Sato
`Bartien Sayogo
`Timothy Schmidl
`Cristina Seibert
`Jie Shen
`Suresh Shrimavle
`Gil Shultz
`Kapil Sood
`Robert Soranno
`Thomas Starai
`René Struik
`Walter Struppler
`Mark Sturza
`Chin-Sean Sum
`Larry Taylor
`Dmitri Varsanofiev
`Prabodh Varshney
`Bhupender Virk
`George Vlantis
`Xiang Wang
`Scott Weikel
`Stephen Weinstein
`Andreas Wolf
`Tao Xing
`Yang Yang
`Tan Pek Yew
`Oren Yuen
`
`Marco Hernandez
`Oliver Hoffmann
`Wei Hong
`Heqing Huang
`David Hunter
`Noriyuki Ikeuchi
`Akio Iso
`Atsushi Ito
`Raj Jain
`Oyvind Janbu
`Tal Kaitz
`Shinkyo Kaku
`Stuart J. Kerry
`Brian Kiernan
`Yongbum Kim
`Youngsoo Kim
`Jeffrey King
`Bruce Kraemer
`Geoff Ladwig
`Paul Lambert
`Jeremy Landt
`Zhongding Lei
`Jan-Ray Liao
`Arthur Light
`Lu Liru
`HaiTao Liu
`William Lumpkins
`Greg Luri
`Mike Lynch
`Elvis Maculuba
`Wayne W. Manges
`Michael D. McInnis
`Gary Michel
`Apurva Mody
`Emmanuel Monnerie
`Jose Morales
`Peter Murray
`Michael S. Newman
`Nick S. A. Nikjoo
`Paul Nikolich
`
`viii
`
`Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 10
`
`

`

`When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 16 June 2011, it had the following
`membership:
`
`Richard H. Hulett, Chair
`John Kulick, Vice Chair
`Robert Grow, Past Chair
`Judith Gorman, Secretary
`Jim Hughes
`Joseph L. Koepfinger*
`David Law
`Thomas Lee
`Hung Ling
`Oleg Logvinov
`Ted Olsen
`Gary Robinson
`
`Jon Rosdahl
`Sam Sciacca
`Mike Seavey
`Curtis Siller
`Phil Winston
`Howard Wolfman
`Don Wright
`
`Masayuki Ariyoshi
`William Bartley
`Ted Burse
`Clint Chaplin
`Wael Diab
`Jean-Philippe Faure
`Alex Gelman
`Paul Houzé
`
`*Member Emeritus
`
`Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:
`
`Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative
`Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative
`Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative
`
`Catherine Berger
`IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development
`
`Patricia A. Gerdon
`IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development
`
`Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`ix
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 11
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`

`

`Contents
`
`1.
`
`Overview.............................................................................................................................................. 1
`
`1.1 General......................................................................................................................................... 1
`1.2 Scope............................................................................................................................................ 1
`1.3 Purpose......................................................................................................................................... 2
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`Normative references........................................................................................................................... 3
`
`Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations............................................................................................ 4
`
`3.1 Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 4
`3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 5
`
`4.
`
`General description .............................................................................................................................. 8
`
`4.1 General......................................................................................................................................... 8
`4.2 Components of the IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN.................................................................................. 8
`4.3 Network topologies...................................................................................................................... 8
`4.3.1
`Star network formation .................................................................................................. 9
`4.3.2
`Peer-to-peer network formation..................................................................................... 9
`4.4 Architecture ............................................................................................................................... 10
`4.4.1
`Physical layer (PHY) ................................................................................................... 11
`4.4.2 MAC sublayer.............................................................................................................. 11
`4.5 Functional overview .................................................................................................................. 12
`4.5.1
`Superframe structure.................................................................................................... 12
`4.5.2
`Data transfer model...................................................................................................... 13
`4.5.3
`Frame structure ............................................................................................................ 14
`4.5.4
`Improving probability of successful delivery .............................................................. 14
`4.5.5
`Power consumption considerations ............................................................................. 15
`4.5.6
`Security ........................................................................................................................ 15
`4.6 Concept of primitives................................................................................................................. 16
`
`5.
`
`MAC protocol .................................................................................................................................... 18
`
`5.1 MAC functional description ...................................................................................................... 18
`5.1.1
`Channel access............................................................................................................. 18
`5.1.2
`Starting and maintaining PANs ................................................................................... 24
`5.1.3
`Association and disassociation .................................................................................... 32
`5.1.4
`Synchronization ........................................................................................................... 36
`5.1.5
`Transaction handling.................................................................................................... 39
`5.1.6
`Transmission, reception, and acknowledgment........................................................... 40
`5.1.7
`GTS allocation and management................................................................................. 48
`5.1.8
`Ranging........................................................................................................................ 54
`5.2 MAC frame formats................................................................................................................... 57
`5.2.1
`General MAC frame format......................................................................................... 57
`5.2.2
`Format of individual frame types................................................................................. 61
`5.2.3
`Frame compatibility..................................................................................................... 67
`5.3 MAC command frames.............................................................................................................. 67
`5.3.1
`Association request command ..................................................................................... 67
`
`x
`
`Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
`
`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 12
`
`

`

`5.3.2
`5.3.3
`5.3.4
`5.3.5
`5.3.6
`5.3.7
`5.3.8
`5.3.9
`
`Association response command................................................................................... 69
`Disassociation notification command.......................................................................... 70
`Data request command................................................................................................. 71
`PAN ID conflict notification command....................................................................... 72
`Orphan notification command ..................................................................................... 73
`Beacon request command ............................................................................................ 73
`Coordinator realignment command ............................................................................. 74
`GTS request command................................................................................................. 75
`
`6.
`
`MAC services .................................................................................................................................... 77
`
`6.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 77
`6.2 MAC management service......................................................................................................... 77
`6.2.1
`Common requirements for MLME primitives............................................................. 78
`6.2.2
`Association primitives ................................................................................................. 79
`6.2.3
`Disassociation primitives............................................................................................. 83
`6.2.4
`Communications notification primitives ..................................................................... 86
`6.2.5
`Primitives for reading PIB attributes ........................................................................... 90
`6.2.6
`GTS management primitives ....................................................................................... 91
`6.2.7
`Primitives for orphan notification................................................................................ 94
`6.2.8
`Primitives for resetting the MAC sublayer.................................................................. 96
`6.2.9
`Primitives for specifying the receiver enable time ...................................................... 97
`6.2.10 Primitives for channel scanning................................................................................... 99
`6.2.11 Primitives for writing PIB attributes.......................................................................... 102
`6.2.12 Primitives for updating the superframe configuration............................................... 103
`6.2.13 Primitives for synchronizing with a coordinator ....................................................... 107
`6.2.14 Primitives for requesting data from a coordinator ..................................................... 110
`6.2.15 Primitives for specifying dynamic preamble ............................................................. 112
`6.2.16 Primitives for channel sounding ................................................................................ 113
`6.2.17 Primitives for ranging calibration (for UWB PHYs)................................................. 114
`6.3 MAC data service .................................................................................................................... 116
`6.3.1 MCPS-DATA.request................................................................................................ 116
`6.3.2 MCPS-DATA.confirm............................................................................................... 118
`6.3.3 MCPS-DATA.indication ........................................................................................... 119
`6.3.4 MCPS-PURGE.request.............................................................................................. 123
`6.3.5 MCPS-PURGE.confirm............................................................................................. 124
`6.4 MAC constants and PIB attributes........................................................................................... 124
`6.4.1 MAC constants .......................................................................................................... 124
`6.4.2 MAC PIB attributes ................................................................................................... 124
`6.4.3
`Calculating PHY dependent MAC PIB values .......................................................... 129
`
`7.
`
`Security ............................................................................................................................................ 131
`
`7.1 Overview.................................................................................................................................. 131
`7.2 Functional description.............................................................................................................. 131
`7.2.1
`Outgoing frame security procedure ........................................................................... 131
`7.2.2
`KeyDescriptor lookup procedure............................................................................... 132
`7.2.3
`Incoming frame security procedure ........................................................................... 133
`7.2.4
`DeviceDescriptor lookup procedure .......................................................................... 135
`7.2.5
`SecurityLevelDescriptor lookup procedure ............................................................... 135
`7.2.6
`Incoming security level checking procedure ............................................................. 135
`7.2.7
`Incoming key usage policy checking procedure........................................................ 136
`7.3 Security operations .................................................................................................................. 136
`7.3.1
`Integer and octet representation................................................................................. 136
`
`Copyright © 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved.
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`xi
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`Cellspin Ex. 2004 - Pg. 13
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`

`

`CCM* Nonce ............................................................................................................. 136
`7.3.2
`CCM* prerequisites ................................................................................................... 137
`7.3.3
`CCM* transformation data representation................................................................. 137
`7.3.4
`CCM* inverse transformation data representation .................................................... 138
`7.3.5
`7.4 Auxiliary security header......................................................................................................... 139
`7.4.1
`Security Control field................................................................................................. 140
`7.4.2
`Frame Counter field ..................................................................