Superseding
`
`FEDERAL
`
`STANDARD
`
`1037B,
`
`07 August
`03 June
`
`1996
`1991
`
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS:
`TELECOMMUNICATION
`
`GLOSSARY OF
`TERMS
`
`Prepared-By
`
`System
`National Communications
`Technology and Standards Division
`
`Published By
`
`General Services Administration
`Information
`Technology Service
`
`FSC TELE
`
`i
`
`

`

`FED-STD-1037C
`
`(This
`
`page
`
`is deliberately
`
`left blank.)
`
`ii
`
`

`

`FED-STD-I037C
`
`FOREWORD
`
`standard
`This
`Administrative
`
`is issued
`Services
`
`by the General
`Act of 1949,
`
`Administration
`Services
`as amended.
`
`pursuant
`
`to the Federal
`
`Property
`
`aad
`
`departments
`Federal
`provides
`document
`This
`in
`telecommunications
`aad
`terms
`used
`of
`Government
`telecommunications
`specialists.
`
`a comprehensive
`and agencies
`directly
`related
`fields
`by
`
`source
`international
`
`of definitions
`and U.S.
`
`3502(
`
`13)],
`[44 U.S.C.
`Law 99-500
`Act of 1986, Public
`Reauthorization
`Reduction
`The Paperwork
`any
`to include
`data
`processing
`equipment
`(ADPE)”
`of “automatic
`expanded
`the definition
`automatic
`or
`subsystems
`or equipment
`that
`is used
`in the
`systems
`equipment
`or
`interconnected
`management,
`movement,
`control,
`dkplay,
`switching,
`interchange,
`acquisition,
`storage, manipulation,
`This
`expansion
`in the
`scope
`of ADPE
`or
`information.”
`transmission
`or
`reception
`of data
`Resources Mmagement
`implemented
`intbe
`Federdhfomation
`definition
`of ADP
`minimize
`confusion
`between
`the statutory
`GSA has established
`the term “Federal
`information
`processing
`ADPE,
`as defined
`in Public
`Law 99-500.
`
`is
`
`(mR),41
`ReW1ation
`of
`and the popular meaning
`(FIP)
`resources”
`to replace
`
`To
`C~.
`term,
`that
`the term
`
`instances,
`in most
`reflects,
`standard
`term in this
`the same
`for
`definitions
`of multiple
`existence
`The
`in telecommunications
`assigned
`to these
`terms
`by practitioners
`commonly
`in meaning
`differences
`are not
`the
`result
`In some
`instances,
`however,
`the differences
`related
`disciplines.
`and
`other,
`but
`rather
`reflect
`variances
`in American
`and international
`usage
`interdkciplinary
`distinctions,
`need
`for
`further work
`in the various Government,
`national,
`and international
`standards-development
`groups
`to reach
`agreement
`on a common
`definition,
`or as a result
`of
`legislation.
`Source
`citations
`(see the Legend
`some
`definitions
`pages)
`reflect
`the tracking
`of specialized
`glossaries
`for consistency.
`
`of
`or a
`
`for
`
`The use of this
`
`standard
`
`by all Federal
`
`departments
`
`and agencies
`
`is mandatory.
`
`such
`field
`advanced-technology
`in an
`terms
`covering
`glossary
`other
`any
`nor
`this
`Neither
`will be made
`Periodic
`revisions
`and ageless.
`as complete
`can be considered
`telecommunications
`the content
`required.
`The
`recommendations
`of Federal
`departments
`and agencies
`on improving
`to
`relevance
`of
`this
`document
`should
`be
`forwarded
`the Office
`of
`the Manager,
`National
`Communications
`System,
`whose
`address
`is given
`in Section
`5 of
`this
`standard.
`
`as
`as
`or
`
`iii
`
`

`

`FED-STD-1037C
`
`(This
`
`page
`
`is deliberately
`
`left blank.)
`
`iv
`
`

`

`Page
`
`vii
`
`vii
`
`vii
`vii
`
`vii
`
`VIII
`
`x x
`
`xi
`
`xii
`
`A-1 to Z-2
`
`Appendix
`
`Appendix
`
`A
`
`B
`
`CONTENTS
`
`FOREWORD
`
`1.
`
`SCOPE
`
`1.1 Applicability
`1.2
`Porpose
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`REQUIREMENTS
`
`AND APPLICABLE
`
`DOCUMENTS
`
`USE
`
`EFFECTIVE
`
`DATE
`
`CHANGES
`
`DEVELOPMENT
`
`OF THE STANDARD
`
`LEGEND
`
`FOR LABELS
`
`TERMS
`
`AND DEFIIWITONS
`
`LIST OF ACRONYMS
`
`AND ABBREVIATIONS
`
`ABBREVIATED
`
`INDEX
`
`v
`
`

`

`FED-STD-1037C
`
`(This
`
`page
`
`is deliberately
`
`left blank.)
`
`vi
`
`

`

`FEDERAL
`
`STANDARD
`
`FED-STD-1037C
`
`Telecommunications:
`
`GLOSSARY
`
`OF TELECOMMUNICATION
`
`TERMS
`
`1.
`
`SCOPE.
`a.
`
`of
`
`by the umbrella
`subsumed
`the fields
`for
`definitions
`standard
`provides
`This glossary
`types
`and measurements,
`include:
`antenna
`herein
`Fields
`defined
`telecommunications.
`discipline
`file
`graphics
`vocabulary,
`(computer
`and data
`communications
`schemes,
`computer
`codes/coding
`transfer
`techniques,
`hardware,
`software),
`fiber optics
`communication,
`facsimile
`types
`and techniques,
`frequency
`topics
`(frequency
`modulation,
`interference,
`spectrum
`sharing),
`Internet,
`ISDN,
`LANs
`(MANs, WANS),
`modems,
`modulation
`schemes,
`multiplexing
`techniques,
`networking
`(network
`management,
`archhecture/topology),
`NII, NS/EP,
`power
`issues,
`PCS/UPT/celhdar
`mobile,
`radio
`communications,
`routing
`schemes,
`satellite
`communications,
`security
`issues,
`switching
`techniques,
`syncbronizationhirning
`techniques,
`telegraphy,
`telephony,
`TV (UHF, VHF,
`cable TV, HDTV),
`traffic
`issues,
`transmission/propagation
`concerns
`(signal
`loss/attenuation,
`transmission
`lines),
`video
`technology,
`and wave
`propagation/measurement
`terminology.
`
`aad accompanying
`terms
`The
`b.
`non-Government
`sources
`such
`authoritative
`Organization
`for Standardization,
`International
`National
`Standards
`hrstitute,
`the American
`The FTSC Subcommittee
`publications.
`necessary
`either
`to reflect
`as deemed
`phrased
`in specialized
`terminology
`
`from
`are drawn
`standard
`in this
`contained
`definitions
`the
`Union,
`Telecommunication
`International
`as
`the
`and
`Association,
`Industry
`the Telecommunications
`U.S. Government
`authoritative
`as well
`as from numerous
`many
`definitions
`has
`rewritten
`to Revise
`FED-STD-1037B
`to make
`those
`definitions
`that were
`technology
`advances
`or
`more
`understandable
`to a broader
`audience.
`
`Applicability.
`1.1
`Accordingly,
`all Federal
`definitions
`terms
`used
`this
`standard
`by all Federal
`
`for
`
`supersedes
`incorporates
`standard
`This
`shall
`use
`and
`agencies
`departments
`in the preparation
`of all
`telecommunications
`is rrrarrdatory.
`departments
`and agencies
`
`and
`
`FED-STD-1037B,
`it as
`the
`authoritative
`documentation.
`
`1991.
`June
`source
`of
`The
`use of
`
`purpose
`The
`purpose.
`1.2
`departments
`FederaJ
`providing
`terms
`used in telecommunications
`Government
`telecommunications
`
`is to improve
`standard
`this
`of
`and agencies
`a comprehensive,
`and directly
`related
`disciplines
`‘specialists.
`
`the Federal
`authoritative
`by nationaf,
`
`by
`process
`acquisition
`of
`source
`of definitions
`international,
`and U.S.
`
`2.
`
`REQUIREMENTS
`a.
`The
`terms
`cited
`in paragraph
`the uses
`are
`no other
`documents
`abbreviations
`is presented
`
`DOCUMENTS.
`AND APPLICABLE
`to
`are to be applied
`and that
`and definitions
`that
`constitute
`this
`standard,
`Z- 1 of this document.
`There
`3 below,
`are contained
`on page A-1 through
`A list of acronyms
`and
`applicable
`to implementation
`of
`thk
`standard.
`as Appendix
`A. The
`list of abbreviations
`and acronyms
`uses
`bold
`to
`
`font
`
`vii
`
`

`

`FED-STD-
`
`1037C
`
`identify
`principal
`
`term names
`those
`families
`of
`related
`
`in this
`are defined
`that
`term names
`is presented
`
`glossary.
`in Appendix
`
`An abbreviated
`B.
`
`index
`
`of
`
`selected
`
`b.
`
`of measurement
`for units
`symbols
`this document,
`Within
`American
`260.1-1993,
`with ANSIAEEE
`Std.
`in accord
`are
`for Units
`of Measurement
`(S1 Units, Customary
`Inch-Pound
`
`type
`(and the font
`National
`Standard
`Units,
`and Certain
`
`for
`
`these
`Letter
`Other
`
`symbols)
`Symbols
`Units).
`
`3.
`
`USE.
`a.
`and agencies
`departments
`All Federal
`after determining
`that a term or definition
`Only
`herein.
`The Legend
`be used.
`beginning
`on page
`xii
`sources
`documentary
`source
`of
`the definitions.
`
`contained
`and definitions
`use the terms
`shall
`may other
`in this document
`is not
`included
`is provided
`to assist
`users
`in determining
`the
`
`alphabeticafl~
`arc listed
`terms
`all
`Nearly
`b.
`which
`are grouped
`under
`of network
`topologies,
`family
`the family
`of dispersion
`terms, which
`are grouped
`under
`ample
`cross
`references
`guide
`the reader
`to the location
`numerals
`are alphabetized
`as though
`the numbers
`were
`
`the
`rule include(1)
`to this
`a few exceptions
`topology,”
`of “network
`and (2)
`the definition
`of “dispersion.”
`In all cases,
`the definition
`of
`the definition.
`Term names
`containing
`“144-line
`weighting”
`spelled
`out;
`thus,
`will
`
`between
`of the alphabet
`in the “0” portion
`appear
`” since
`“one-way
`communication,
`it is pronounced
`user
`convenience,
`exceptions
`to the rule
`are taken
`“digital
`signal
`. .
`“digital
`signal
`terms,
`e.g.,
`“digital
`signal”
`entry.
`
`0,”.
`
`communication
`“on-board
`the terms
`“one-forty-four
`as if it were
`spelled
`for entries
`comprising
`numerically
`4,” which
`are grouped
`numerically
`
`slation”
`and
`line.
`. . .“ For
`consecutive
`following
`
`the
`
`for
`
`c.
`the term
`following
`in parentheses
`appears
`often
`the term name
`An abbreviation
`are commonly
`used
`of a term name
`version
`and the spelled-out
`both
`the abbreviation
`name. When
`glossary,
`the definition
`resides
`with
`the more
`commonly
`used
`to name
`an entity
`defined
`in this
`version
`of the term name.
`If the more
`commonly
`used designation
`is the fully spelled-out
`term name,
`then
`the
`definition
`resides
`under
`that
`name.
`If, however,
`the more
`common
`term name
`is the
`abbreviation,
`then the definition
`rests with the abbreviated
`spelling
`of that
`term name.
`For example,
`of “decibel”
`‘rdB. ”
`the definition
`resides
`under
`
`d.
`numbered,
`specialized
`
`the definitions
`term name,
`for a given
`is supplied
`than one definition
`When more
`first.
`Succeeding
`definitions
`are often
`specific
`definition
`is given
`and the general
`discipline,
`and are usually
`so identified.
`
`are
`to a
`
`e.
`Notes
`tutorial
`or
`expository
`is not part of the source
`preceding
`definition,
`
`are
`notes
`these
`documen~
`this
`of
`part
`a mandatory
`are not
`on definitions
`a note follows
`that note
`(such
`as “ [JP 1] “),
`citation
`in nature. When
`a source
`document
`cited.
`Notes
`and cross
`references
`apply
`only to the immediately
`unless
`stated
`otherwise.
`
`vu]
`
`

`

`f.
`
`Three
`
`types
`
`of cross
`
`references
`
`are used:
`
`“Contrast
`
`with, ” “Synonym,”
`
`and “See”:
`
`FED-STD-1037C
`
`“Conrrast
`(1)
`understanding
`
`with”
`is
`one concept
`
`for
`used
`is aided
`
`that
`terms
`by examining
`
`nearly
`are
`the definition
`
`or when
`antonyms,
`of
`its counterpart.
`
`only one of the
`under
`is placed
`the definition
`are synonymous,
`term names
`(2) When
`i.e.,
`the most
`common
`is generally
`term names,
`the prefemed
`term name, which
`The other
`term name
`name.
`Synonyms
`are listed
`for cross-reference
`purpses
`only.
`a “Syrronyrn”
`i.e.,
`for
`synonymous
`term
`entries
`contain
`only
`listing;
`the definition
`“Colloquial
`symmym”
`names
`is not
`repeated.
`Terms
`labeled
`are
`in occasional
`informal
`use, but may be semantically
`inexact
`or may border
`on slang.
`
`is entered
`term name
`an undefined
`is used where
`the reader
`to a related
`term name
`(or
`term names)
`
`reference
`as a cross
`that
`is (are) defined
`
`only
`in the
`
`(3) “See”
`to direct
`glossary.
`
`&
`
`Term names
`in technology,
`or
`advances
`“deprecated.”
`In such
`case,
`
`are “semantically
`that
`have
`definitions
`that
`the reader
`is referred
`
`been
`have
`that
`incorrect,
`applicable,
`that
`are no longer
`to current
`term names, where
`
`by recent
`replaced
`are designated
`as
`applicable.
`
`in this glossary
`included
`terms
`telecommunications
`The
`h.
`for
`clarity
`and
`restated
`or
`are
`in a standard
`desk
`dictionary
`defined
`in this
`glossary
`only where
`combinations
`of
`such words
`are
`included
`definitions,
`when
`used
`in combination,
`are either
`insufficient
`or vague.
`
`are not
`either
`convenience.
`the usual
`
`sufficiently
`Likewise,
`desk-dictionary
`
`citation
`
`refers
`
`to Tirle 47 U.S.
`
`that
`
`carry
`
`the source
`
`(which
`“[47CFR]”
`Definitions
`i.
`to the NTIA Manual),
`Regulations),
`Code of Federal
`citation
`or the source
`refers
`(which
`or “[NTIA]”
`to the ITU Radio Regulations)
`may have
`a format
`or syntax
`that differs
`from
`refers
`“[RR]”
`(which
`in the remainder
`of FED-STD-
`1037C because
`the FTSC
`Subcommittee
`to Revise
`the definitions
`FED-STD-
`1037B was not authorized
`to make
`any changes
`whatever
`to the definitions
`in these
`three
`documents.
`One minor
`formatting
`change
`was made
`to definitions
`from NSTISSI
`No.
`4009,
`National
`Information
`Systems
`Security
`(INFOSEC)
`Glossary,
`cited
`[NIS]: Often
`the introductory
`indefinite
`article
`or definite
`article was added
`at the beginning
`of the cited
`definition,
`and that article
`was
`added
`in square
`brackets
`“[
`]” to indicate
`that
`its addition
`was
`the only
`change made
`in the
`quoted
`definition.
`
`j
`
`have
`Figures
`systems
`concepts
`or
`complex
`“electromagnetic
`spectrum,”
`
`been
`that
`these
`
`definitions
`to many
`added
`herein.
`With
`defined
`are
`figures me not
`a mandatory
`
`the glossary
`throughout
`the
`exception
`of
`the
`part of
`this document.
`
`to illustrate
`figure
`crdled
`
`k.
`
`This
`
`standard
`
`contains
`
`two appendixes,
`
`neither
`
`of which
`
`is mandatory.
`
`ix
`
`

`

`FED-STD-
`
`1037C
`
`Appendix
`
`A consists
`
`of a list of abbreviations
`
`used
`
`in this glosswy.
`
`In that
`
`list,
`
`the
`
`bold
`
`font graces
`
`the term names
`
`that
`
`are defined
`
`in this glossary.
`
`B consists
`Appendix
`are related.
`technologies
`within
`a specific
`discipline
`
`index
`of an abbreviated
`This
`index
`is provided
`so that
`the reader’s
`
`terms whose
`of defined
`families
`of
`to identify
`all related
`terms
`as a tool
`understanding
`of a definition
`maybe
`
`~plified
`provides
`addressed
`
`related
`by reading
`with
`the
`reader
`in the glossary.
`
`definitions
`information
`
`witbin
`on
`
`a specific
`breadth
`
`the
`
`discipline.
`and
`scope
`
`also
`index
`The
`of disciplines
`
`DATE.
`EFFECTIVE
`4.
`and agencies
`is mandatory,
`
`this approved
`The use of
`effective
`180 days
`following
`
`by U.S. Government
`standard
`the date of this
`standard.
`
`departments
`
`department
`a Federal
`When
`CHANGES.
`5.
`needs,
`a statement
`citing
`for
`its essential
`provide
`Services
`Administration
`(K), Washington,
`General
`the Federal
`Information
`Resources Management
`Administration
`will
`determine
`the
`appropriate
`agency.
`
`not
`does
`standard
`this
`that
`considers
`or agency
`to the
`in duplicate
`be sent
`shall
`inadequacies
`in accordance
`with
`the provisions
`of
`DC 20405,
`Regulation
`Part 201-39.1002.
`The General
`Services
`action
`to be taken
`and will
`notify
`the
`applicable
`
`are encouraged
`and agencies
`departments
`Federal
`for
`the next
`revision
`of
`this
`will be considered
`delegated
`the compilation
`of suggested
`changes
`address
`is given
`below.
`
`those
`standard;
`to this
`updates
`to submit
`Services
`Administration
`standard.
`The General
`to the National
`Communications
`System,
`
`updates
`has
`whose
`
`Preparing
`
`Activity
`
`Communications
`National
`the Manager,
`of
`Office
`and Standards
`Division
`Technology
`701 South Court House Road,
`Arlington,
`VA 22204-2198
`
`System
`
`x
`
`

`

`FED-STD-1037C
`
`6.
`
`DEVELOPMENT
`
`OF THIS
`
`STANDARD.
`
`Telecommunication
`the Federal
`of
`byasubcommittee
`wasdeveloped
`FED-STD-1037C
`of
`The U. S. Department
`to Revise
`~D-STD-lO37B.
`the Subcommittee
`Committee,
`Standards
`for
`Administration,
`Institute
`and
`Information
`Telecommunications
`National
`Commerce,
`the
`CO 80303-3328,
`supplied
`325 Broadway,
`Boulder,
`Sciences
`(NTI.MTS),
`Telecommunication
`the
`services
`for
`the
`subcommittee.
`The work
`of
`and
`technical
`editorial
`chair,
`secretariat,
`by
`Communications
`System Member
`Organizations,
`reviewed
`by the National
`subcommittee
`was
`the Federal
`Telecommunication
`Standards
`Committee
`members,
`and by representatives
`from other
`Federdagencies
`aswellas
`representatives
`fromindus~
`mdfromtie
`general
`public.
`The following
`Federal
`Agencies
`and Departments
`participated
`in the subcommittee:
`
`Federal
`
`Technology
`
`and Systems
`
`NJ
`
`CenteriIaformation
`Technical
`Administration
`Aviation
`City international
`Airport,
`ACT-
`142, Atlantic
`Section,
`Washington,
`DC
`Administration,
`Services
`General
`and Communications
`Joint Tactical
`Command,
`Control,
`Fort Meade, MD
`National
`Security
`Agency,
`U.S. Department
`of
`the Army,
`I.SEC, Ft. Huachuca,
`
`Agency/ADW-S
`
`AZ
`
`Scott Air Force Base,
`1842 EEG/EEMST,
`U. S. Air Force,
`of Commerce/NTM/Washington,
`DC
`U.S. Department
`of Commerce/NTJA/Annapolis,
`MD
`U.S. Department
`of Commerce/NTL4/lTS,
`CO
`U.S. Department
`Boulder,
`of Defense,
`Defense
`Systems
`U.S. Department
`Information
`and Engineering
`Organization,
`Center
`for Standards,
`U.S. Department
`of
`Interior/OIRM,
`Washington,
`DC
`U.S. Department
`of Justice/JMD/IRM/ESS,
`Washington,
`U.S. Department
`of
`the Navy, NAVSEA,
`Arlington,
`VA
`U.S. Marine
`Corps, Quantico,
`VA
`
`fL
`
`Joint
`Agency,
`Fort Monmouth,
`
`Irsteroperability
`NJ
`
`DC
`
`This document
`Springfield,
`
`from the National
`is available
`VA2216
`1. Telephone
`(703)
`
`Technical
`487-4650.
`
`Information
`
`Service,
`
`5285 Port Royal Road,
`
`xi
`
`

`

`FED-STD-
`
`1037C
`
`LEGEND
`
`[After...]
`
`(188)
`
`[2196]
`
`[47CFR]
`
`[CCITT/CCIRl
`
`[FAA]
`
`[FIRMR]
`
`[FS1045A]
`
`[ITU-T]
`
`[JPII
`
`[JP1-A]
`
`[NATO]
`
`LEGEND
`
`(for
`
`labels
`
`appended
`
`to definitions)
`
`MEANING
`
`cited
`Definitions
`FTSC
`Subcommittee
`document,
`because
`
`(as
`“After...”
`to Revise
`of rewriting
`
`2196]”)
`in “[After
`FED-STD-1037B,
`by the Subcommittee.
`
`are
`
`the
`and
`
`of
`responsibility
`not
`the
`source-cited
`
`the
`
`and definitions
`Terms
`and their
`associated
`
`support
`in direct
`military
`handbooks.
`
`of standards
`188 series
`the MILSTD-
`of
`is not a source
`This
`citation.
`
`and definitions
`Terms
`Fiber Optics
`(1989).
`
`extracted
`
`verbatim
`
`from MIL-STD-2
`
`196 (SH), Glossary,
`
`and
`Terms
`Regulations,
`
`extracted
`definitions
`Telecommunications,
`
`verbatim
`Parts O-199
`
`from Title
`(rev. Oct.
`
`of Federal
`47 Code
`1, 1987, Oct.
`1, 1988).
`
`from the ITU-T
`documents
`and other
`Recommendations
`CCIR).
`The
`“CCllT”
`and “CCIR”
`citations
`are retained
`of
`many
`the cited
`documents
`have
`not been
`reissued
`new prefix.
`
`and
`former CCITT
`(the
`in this glossary
`because
`by the ITU-T
`and given
`
`a
`
`of Optical
`FAA (199 1), Glossary
`(FAA Technical
`Center, Atlantic
`
`Communication
`City International
`
`Terms, DOT/FAA/CT-TN9
`Airport,
`NJ 08405).
`
`1/9
`
`Information
`
`Resources
`
`Management
`
`Regulation,
`
`Title 41 CFR Chapter
`
`Standard
`
`1045A,
`
`Telecommunications:
`
`Automatic
`
`Link Establishment
`
`Federal
`201.
`
`Federal
`(1994).
`
`and
`Recommendations
`Union—Telecommunication
`
`the
`from
`papers
`Standardization
`
`International
`Bureau.
`
`Telecommunication
`
`1-02 (DOD
`from Joint Pub
`extracted
`and definitions
`terms
`Telecommunications
`of Defense
`Dictionary
`of
`1994, Department
`1-02),
`No.
`Joint
`Staff
`Publication
`Terms,
`Military
`and Associated
`and established
`for use by all DOD Components,
`and definitions
`so designated
`without
`alteration
`unless
`which will use
`the terms
`a distinctly
`different
`context
`or application
`is intended.
`
`revision
`of proposed
`draft
`Final
`Doctrine
`Division,
`the Joint
`Staff,
`
`Pub
`Joint
`of
`20 October
`
`1-02; memo
`1994.
`
`from Chief,
`
`Joint
`
`ADatP-2(f)
`
`Automatic
`
`Data
`
`Processing
`
`(ADP) NATO Glossary,
`
`June
`
`NATO
`1991.
`
`xii
`
`

`

`[NIS]
`
`[NTIA]
`
`[oMB]
`
`[RR]
`
`FED-STD-
`
`1037C
`
`Glossaty,
`([NFOSEC)
`Security
`Systems
`Information
`National
`No. 4009,
`NSTISSI
`Systems
`and Information
`Security
`Telecommunications
`June
`5, 1992,
`(National
`The
`FTSC
`NSA,
`Ft, Meade, MD 20755-6000).
`Note:
`Security
`Committee,
`document
`that
`Subcommittee
`used the most
`recent
`version
`of
`the NSTISSI
`4009
`was
`available
`at
`the time
`the Subcommittee
`meetings
`were
`held (November
`1993
`through
`September
`1994). However,
`the NSTISSI
`document
`may
`have
`changed
`asynchronously
`with
`the
`1037C
`standard,
`and
`those NSTISSI
`definitions
`may
`have been
`amended.
`Tbe NSTISSI
`source
`document
`is scheduled
`to be updated
`of
`on hrtemet.
`For
`the latest
`version
`the NSTISSI
`No. 4009 Glossary,
`the reader
`must
`access
`the document
`on Internet.
`For hard copy of
`the 4009 Glossary,
`write
`NSA at Ft. Meade, MD.
`The user may wish
`to enhance
`hisiher
`researches
`into
`definitions
`by reviewing
`the newer
`version
`of the 4009
`glossary.
`The
`changes
`on
`do not, per
`se revise
`4009
`on Internet
`FED-STD-
`I037C.
`Therefore,
`tbe user
`should
`be
`aware
`that
`if he/she
`wishes
`to cite
`official
`NSTISSI
`No.
`4009
`definitions
`in a procurement
`document
`or other official
`paper,
`the official
`standard
`glossary
`is FED-STD-
`I037C.
`
`of
`from the NTIA Manual
`verbatim
`extracted
`definitions
`and
`names
`Term
`Radio Frequency
`Management.
`for Federal
`and Procedures
`Regulations
`[U.S.
`obtain
`the NTIA Manual
`from the NTIA Office
`of
`agencies
`may
`Government
`Room
`1605,
`Herbert
`C. Hoover
`Bldg.,
`14th
`and
`Management,
`Spectrum
`N.W., Washington,
`DC 20230.
`The NTIA Manual
`may
`be
`Constitution,
`by non-Government
`interests
`at
`the U.S. Government
`Printing
`Office,
`purchased
`Stock No. 903-008-00000-8.]
`
`OMB Circular
`
`A-130, Management
`
`of Federal
`
`Information.
`
`and
`Terms
`Telecommunication
`rev.
`1985).
`
`the
`from
`verbatim
`extracted
`definitions
`Union Radio Regulations,
`Malaga-Torremolinos
`
`International
`(Oct.
`1984,
`
`[From Weik
`
`from
`is
`information
`cited
`the
`that
`acknowledges
`citation
`source
`this
`of
`’89] Use
`Standard Dictionary,
`Communications
`1989 [Van Nostrand
`2nd cd., Dr. M. Weik,
`of
`the holders
`of the
`Reinhold
`Co., New York, NY], with
`the written
`permission
`copyright.
`These
`definitions
`are usually
`verbatim,
`but
`in some
`cases
`have
`been
`abbreviated
`or edited.
`
`is extended to ASC T 1A 1.5 for generously providing their draft glossary of terms and definitions
`Note 1: Appreciation
`relating to videc-quality degradation. Note 2: Appreciation is extended to ANS1-accredited technical committee X3X5 for
`use of their draft definitions, which were used as a launching point for many of the computer-related
`definitions herein. No
`source citation is given (he commiuee’s work because their definitions were edbed for format consistency and for broad
`applicability.
`
`X111
`
`

`

`for private
`Abbreviation
`PABX:
`automatic
`branch
`exchange.
`See
`PBX. Note:
`Use of
`the
`term
`“PBX”
`is more
`common
`“PABX, “
`regardless
`automation.
`
`of
`
`~
`
`than PI
`
`FED-STD- 1037C
`
`A switched network (hat
`network
`packet-switching
`transmits data in the form of packets.
`(188)
`
`In a packet-switching
`node:
`packet-switching
`network,
`a node that contains
`data switches
`and
`equipment
`for controlling,
`formatting,
`transmitting,
`routing, and receiving data packets.
`(188) Note;
`In
`the Defense Data Network
`(DDN),
`a packet-
`switching node is usually configured to support up to
`thirty-two X.25 56-kbls host connections, as many as
`six 56-kb/s
`interswitch
`trunk (1ST)
`lines to other
`packet-switching
`nodes, and at least one Terminal
`Access Controller
`(TAC).
`
`a sequence of binary
`In data communication,
`packek
`including
`data and control
`signals,
`that
`is
`digits,
`transmitted
`and switched
`as a composile whole.
`Note: The data, control
`signals, and possibly error
`control
`information,
`are
`arranged
`in a specific
`format.
`(188)
`
`(PAD): A timctional
`packet assembler/disassembler
`unit that enables data terminal equipment
`(DTJ3) not
`equipped
`for packet
`switching to access a packet-
`switcbed network.
`
`A method of information
`transfer mode
`packet
`transfer, by means of packet
`transmission and packet
`switching,
`that permits dynamic sharing of network
`resources among many connections.
`
`The structure of data, address, and
`formati
`packet
`information
`in a packet.
`( 188) Note: Tbe
`control
`size and content of the vwious
`fields in a packet are
`defined by a set of rules that are used to assemble
`the packet.
`
`packet
`
`Internet
`
`grope~
`
`See ping.
`
`mode:
`packet
`operating
`of
`A mode
`network in which packet switching
`communications
`is used rather than message switching.
`[From Weik
`’89I
`
`a
`
`terminal:
`packet-mode
`(DTE) that can control,
`packets.
`(188)
`
`equipment
`Data terminal
`format,
`transmit, and receive
`
`The number of storage cells per
`density:
`packing
`unit length, area, or volume of storage media. Note:
`Examples of packing density are the number of bits
`or characters
`stored per unit length of magnetic tape
`and the number of bbs stored per unit length of track
`on an optical disk.
`
`that attenuates
`pad: A network, of ftxed resistors,
`signals by a fixed amount with negligible distortion.
`(188)
`Note.’ The resistive
`network
`is called an
`attenuator
`if tbe resistance
`is adjustable.
`
`PAD Acronym for packet assemblerldisassembler.
`
`page~ A mobile receiver for paging communications,
`also known as a “beeper.”
`[47CFR]
`
`A
`service:
`transmission
`data
`packet-switched
`service that
`(a) provides for the transmission of data
`in the form of packets,
`(b) switches
`data at
`the
`packet
`level, and (c) may provide for the assembly
`and disassembly
`of data packets.
`(188)
`
`service from a
`paging: A one-way communications
`base station to mobile or tixed receivers that provide
`signaling or information
`transfer by such means as
`tone,
`tone-voice,
`tactile,
`optical
`readout,
`etc.
`[47CFR]
`
`switching:
`packet
`and
`routing
`of
`The process
`transferring data by means of addressed packets so
`that a channel
`is occupied during the transmission of
`the packet
`only,
`and upon
`completion
`of
`the
`transmission
`the channel
`is made available
`for tbe
`transfer of other traffic.
`( 188)
`
`A cable made up of one or more
`cable:
`paired
`insulated
`twisted-wire
`pairs,
`none of
`separately
`which is arranged with another to form quads.
`(188)
`
`code: A code in which some or all
`paired disparity
`of the characters are represented by two sets of digits
`of opposite disparity that are used in sequence so as
`m minimize the total disparily of a longer sequence
`
`P-1
`
`

`

`FED-STD- 1037C
`
`procurement
`process
`equipment
`regulations.
`
`the
`In the Federal Government,
`of obtaining
`and
`services,
`supplies,
`in conformance with applicable
`laws and
`
`The interval between the
`lead time:
`procurement
`action and receipt of the
`initiation of a procurement
`products or services purchased as the result of such
`action.
`
`profile dip: Synonym index dip.
`
`profile dispersion:
`
`See dispersion.
`
`In the power-law index
`(g):
`parameter
`profile
`profile of an optical
`fiber,
`the parameter,
`g,
`that
`detines
`the shape of the refractive-index
`profile.
`Note: Tbe
`optimum value
`of g for minimum
`dispersion is approximately
`
`2.
`
`A standard form of message,
`pm forma message:
`that usually are understood
`by
`that has elements
`prearrangement
`among the originator,
`the addressee,
`and the communications
`system operators.
`[From
`Weik’89]
`
`L A plan or routine for solving a problem
`program
`on a computer. Note: Processing may include the
`use of an assembler,
`a compiler, an interpreter, or a
`translator
`to prepare the program for execution,
`as
`well as the execution of the program. The sequence
`of instructions may include statements and necesstuy
`declarations.
`2. A sequence of instructions
`used by
`a computer
`to do a particular
`job or solve a given
`problem.
`3. To design, write, and test programs.
`
`(a)
`For a computer program,
`program architectutw
`the structure,
`relationships,
`and arrangement
`of the
`components
`of
`the program,
`(b)
`the program
`interfaces, and (c) the interface requirements
`for the
`program operating environment,
`[From Weik ’89]
`
`programmable:
`accept
`instructions
`
`that can
`to a device
`Pertaining
`that alter its basic functions.
`
`logic array (PLA): An array of gates
`programmable
`having interconnections
`that can be programmed
`to
`perform a specific logical
`function.
`
`A
`(PROM):
`read-only memory
`programmable
`that, after being written to once,
`storage device
`becomes a read-only memory.
`
`(hat
`1. The part of digital equipment
`programmer:
`controls
`the timing and sequencing
`of operations.
`(188) 2. A person who prepares computer programs,
`i.e., writes sequences of instructions for execution by
`a computer.
`(188)
`
`language that
`An artificial
`language:
`programming
`is used to generate or to express computer programs.
`Nofe; The language may be a high-level
`language,
`an assembly language, or a machine language.
`(188)
`Seejigure
`at assembly
`language.
`
`One or more programming
`system
`programming
`languages and the software necessary for using these
`languages with particular automatic data processing
`equipment.
`
`program origin:
`
`See computer
`
`program origin.
`
`PROM:
`memory.
`
`Acronym for programmable
`
`read-only
`
`1. In interactive display systems, a message
`prompt
`on the display surface of a display device to help the
`user
`to plan and execute
`subsequent
`operations.
`Nore: Examples of prompts
`include (a) a blinking
`message displayed on a screen to inform the system
`operator of the status, condition, or mcde the system
`is in and requiring the operator
`to take some action,
`and (b) a message that the system is ready to accept
`a command.
`2.
`In a computer,
`communications,
`or
`data processing
`system,
`to inform a user
`that Lhe
`system is ready for the next command, data element,
`or other input.
`[From Weik ’89]
`
`The motion of waves through or along
`propagation:
`Note;
`For electromagnetic
`waves,
`a medium.
`propagation may occur
`in a vacuum as well as in
`material media.
`
`field
`For an electromagnetic
`constant:
`propagation
`mode varying sinttsoidally with time at a given
`frequency,
`the logarithmic
`rate of change, with
`respect m distance
`in a given direction,
`of
`the
`complex amplitude of any field component. Note:
`The propagation constant, A, is a complex quantity
`given by 1 = a +i~, where a,
`the red part,
`is the
`
`P-24
`
`

`

`attenuation constant and ~, the imagimuy part,
`phase constant.
`
`is the
`
`in which radio
`The manner
`mode:
`propagation
`antenna
`to a
`signals
`travel
`from a transmitting
`receiving antenna,
`such as ground wave, sky wave,
`direct wave, ground reflection, or scatter.
`( 188)
`
`A man-’made or
`ohstructiom
`path
`propagation
`lies near enough to a
`feature that
`natural physical
`radio path to cause a measurable effect on path loss,
`exclusive
`of reflection
`effects.
`(188) Note: An
`obstmction may lie to the side, above, or below the
`path Ridges, bridges, cliffs, buildings, and trees are
`examples of obstructions.
`If the clearance
`from the
`nearest anticipated path position, over the expected
`range of Earth radius k-factor,
`exceeds 0.6 of the
`tirst Fresnel zone radius,
`the feature is not normally
`considered an obstruction.
`
`The time required for a
`time delay:
`propagation
`signal
`to travel from one point
`to another.
`(188)
`
`by
`Documentation
`standard:
`proprietary
`entity specifying equipment, practices,
`commercial
`or operations unique to that commercial
`entity.
`
`a
`
`or
`distribution
`proportional
`1. The
`proration:
`of parameters,
`such as noise power and
`allocation
`transmission
`losses, among a number of tandem-
`connected items, such as equipment, cables,
`links, or
`trunks,
`in order
`to balance
`the performance
`of
`communications
`circuits.
`(188)
`Synonym
`budgeting.
`2. In a telephone
`switching center,
`the
`distribution
`or
`allocation
`of
`equipment
`or
`components
`proportionally
`among
`a number
`of
`functions,
`to provide
`a requisile grade of service.
`(188)
`
`[A] wire line
`system (PDS):
`distribution
`protected
`system that
`or
`fiber-optics
`telecommunication
`acoustical,
`includes
`terminals
`and
`adequate
`safeguards
`electrical, electromagnetic,
`and physical
`to Permil is use for the tmencrypted transmission
`of
`classified
`information.
`[NIS] Now: A complete
`protected distribution system includes the subscriber
`and terminal
`equipment
`and tbe interconnecting
`lines. Deprecated
`synonym approved
`circuit.
`
`FED-STD- 1037C
`
`is not to be
`A frequency that
`frequency:
`protected
`by friendly
`forces,
`usually
`deliberately
`jammed
`d.ringaspecificd
`period.
`[From Weik’89]
`
`protection:
`
`S>,nonym lockout
`
`(clef. #f5).
`
`(HF)
`In high-frequency
`(PI):
`interval
`protection
`link establishment,
`the period
`radio
`aulomatic
`in the time-of-day portion of the
`between changes
`time-varying randomization data used for encrypting
`transmissions.
`(I 88)
`
`hewanted-
`umvalueoft
`ratim ‘f’heminim
`protection
`usually
`expressed
`in
`to-unwanted
`signal
`ratio,
`input determined
`under
`decibels,
`at
`tbe receiver
`specified conditions
`such that a specified reception
`quality
`of
`the wanted signal
`is achieved
`at
`the
`receiver output.
`[NTIA]
`[RR]
`
`systems, adevice
`Intelecommunications
`protector:
`used
`to protect
`facilities
`and equipment
`from
`abnormally high voltages orcurrents.
`(188) Notel:
`A protector may contain
`arresters.
`Note
`2:
`Protectors may he designed to operate on short-
`duration phenomena, or long-duration
`phenomena.
`The duration should be specified.
`
`governing
`setofconventions
`1. Aformal
`protocol:
`the
`format
`and
`control
`of
`interaction
`among
`communicating
`functional
`units.
`(188)
`Note:
`Protocols may govern portions of a net work, types of
`service, oradministrative
`procedures.
`For example,
`adata
`link protocol
`is the specification
`of methods
`whereby data communications
`over a data Iink are
`performed
`in terms of the particular
`transmission
`mcde, control procedures, and recovery procedures.
`a
`2. In layered communications
`system architecture,
`formal set of procedures
`that we adopted to facilitate
`functional
`intemperation
`within
`the
`layered
`hierarchy.
`
`l. The queries and
`information:
`protocol-control
`communications
`equipment
`to
`replies
`among
`determine
`the respective capabilities
`of each end of
`the communications
`link.
`2. For
`layered systems,
`information
`exchanged between entides of a given
`layer, via the service provided by the next
`lower
`layer,
`to coordinate
`their joint operation.
`
`P-25
`
`

`

`FED-STD-I037C
`
`that uses a
`unit
`A functional
`converter:
`protocol
`specified algorithm to translate a bit stream from one
`protocol
`to another,
`for interoperation.
`
`is
`that
`information
`1.
`(PDU):
`data unit
`protocol
`delivered as a unil among peer entities of a network
`and that may contain control
`information,
`address
`in formation, ordata.
`2. Inlayered systems, aunitof
`data that
`is specified in a protocol of a given layer
`and that consists of protocol-control
`information of
`the given layer and possibly user data of that layer.
`
`the
`architecture,
`Inopensystems
`protocol hierarchy:
`distribution of network protocol among the various
`Iayersofthe
`network.
`[From Weik’89]
`
`system,
`In a communications
`translator:
`protocol
`the collection
`of hardware,
`software,
`firmware, or
`any combination of these,
`that is required or used to
`convert
`the protccols
`used in one network to those
`used in another network.
`[From Weik ’89]
`
`functioning
`A pre-production,
`1.
`prototype:
`that is the first of its type, typically used
`s~imen(s)
`for the evaluation
`of design, performance,
`andlor
`production
`potent