James Lyons
`Principal Consultant — Sacramento Office
`
`AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION
`
`SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE
`A Principal Consultant and head of Trinity’s Mobile
`Source and Fuels team, Mr. Lyons has extensive
`experience related to fuels issues and emissions,
`including the emission impacts of changes in gasoline
`and diesel fuel composition and substitution of
`alternative fuels for petroleum-based fuels. Specific
`projects have required work on issues related to the
`emissions impacts of changes in gasoline and diesel
`fuel as well as compliance with California Air Resources
`Board (CARB) and U.S. EPA regulations related to
`gasoline and diesel fuel properties and specifications,
`assessment of costs and benefits of alternative fuels
`and alternatively fueled vehicles, and direct
`involvement in analyses of issues related to CARB and
`EPA fuels regulations, including the Renewable Fuel
`Standards (RFS) and Low Carbon Fuel Standards. He has
`also provided expert services in fuels-related
`litigations.
`
`New Vehicle and Engine Certification
`Development and Assessment of Mobile Source
`Emission Control Strategies
`Development and Assessment of Strategies for
`Reduction of Criteria Pollutant and GHG Emissions
`Related to Transportation Fuels – Including
`Alternative Fuels and Fuel Additives
`Design and Implementation of Vehicle Testing
`Programs and Data Analysis
`Enforcement and Litigation Support Related to
`Mobile Sources and Transportation Fuels
`Intellectual Property Disputes Involving Engine
`and Emission Control System Design, Function,
`and Novelty
`Tracking and Reporting of California Air
`Resources Board Activities Related to the
`Regulation of Mobile Source Emissions and
`Transportation Fuels
`Emission Inventories and Quantification
`M.S., Chemical Engineering, University of California,
`Los Angeles
`B.S., Cum Laude, Chemistry, University of California,
`Irving
`Society of Automotive Engineers
`American Chemical Society
`Fuels Regulations. Managed numerous projects
`related to assessments of Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) regulations adopted or being prepared by
`California and a number of other jurisdictions. Has also been involved in the review of reformulated
`gasoline and diesel fuel regulations, including the federal RFS 1, RFS 2, and Tier 3 regulations.
`Mobile Source Emissions Control. Participated in the design and evaluation of mobile source emission
`control measures and emission control systems; development of mobile source emissions modeling
`software; development of mobile source emission inventories; design and management of supporting
`field and laboratory studies; and the design and evaluation of vehicle emissions inspection and
`maintenance programs. Mobile source categories include on- and off-road vehicles, locomotives, marine
`vessels, and aircraft. Directly involved in assessing changes in vehicle technology required to comply
`
`EDUCATION
`
`AFFILIATIONS
`
`TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
`
`Additional responsibilities include oversight and
`execution of complex analyses of the emission
`benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of mobile source
`air pollution control measures. Mr. Lyons has
`developed particular expertise with respect to the
`assessment of control measures involving accelerated
`vehicle/engine retirement programs; the deployment
`of advanced emission control systems, including
`electric fuel cell and hybrid technologies for on- and
`non-road gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles and
`engines, as well as on-vehicle evaporative and
`refueling emission control systems. Other duties
`include assessments of the activities of federal, state,
`and local regulatory agencies with respect to motor
`vehicle emissions and reports to clients regarding those
`activities. Mr. Lyons has extensive litigation experience
`related to air quality and fuels including gasoline
`property and renewable fuels regulations, product
`liability, and intellectual property issues.
`
`MAHLE-1004
` U.S. Patent No. RE38,844
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`James Lyons
`Principal Consultant — Sacramento Office
`
`EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
`
` with federal, California, and Mexican new-vehicle greenhouse gas and fuel economy standards for light-
`duty vehicles.
`New Vehicle and Engine Certification. Directly participated in and managed efforts related to
`obtaining U.S. EPA and California Air Resources Board certification for new engines and vehicles,
`including activities related to agency enforcement actions and on-going compliance requirements.
` Air Quality Planning and Strategy Development. Has been involved in the development and critical
`assessment of mobile source and transportation fuels elements of State Implementation Plans.
` Emission Control System Design and Evaluation. Provided support for the design and assessment of
`alternative emission control techniques, and for troubleshooting control system issues. Issues assessed
`have include VOC, CO, NOx, SOx, and PM control systems in various applications.
`Expert Witness Services. Presented testimony and served as an expert or consulting expert on
`numerous cases in federal and state courts involving issues related to government regulations affecting
`mobile source certifications, in-use emissions issues, fuel regulations, intellectual property issues
`related to emission controls and fuels, and product liability.
`2014 – Present Trinity Consultants
`1991 – 2014
`Sierra Research
`1985 – 1991
`California Air Resources Board
` SELECTED LITIGATION EXPERIENCE
` In addition to his experience in dealing with regulatory enforcement actions targeting on- and non-road
`motor vehicles, handheld engines, gasoline vapor recovery systems and consumer products, Mr. Lyons
`has extensive litigation experience as both a testifying expert witness and as a consulting expert. A
`listing of selected cases where Mr. Lyons has provided expert witness or consulting expert services is
`provided below. These cases have involved issues related to gasoline composition, gasoline additives,
`gasoline regulations, gasoline vapor recovery systems, California’s Zero Emission Vehicle and
`Greenhouse Gas Regulations, state regulations regarding heavy-duty Diesel vehicle idling and engine
`control system retrofits, and the design of engine combustion chambers.
` Testifying Expert:
` PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, EX REL. CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD v. BP WEST
`COAST PRODUCTS LLC, Superior Court of California, County of Contra Costa, Case No. C12-00567: On-
`going case regarding compliance with the State of California’s regulations regarding reformulated
`gasoline. Testimony will be directed to the emissions and air quality impacts associated with the use of
`reformulated gasolines with specific properties. Activities included deposition and trial testimony on
`behalf of the defendants.
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`James Lyons
`Principal Consultant — Sacramento Office
`
` STANT USA CORPORATION v. BRIGGS & STRATTON CORPORATION, Case No. No. 1:13-cv-01908-TWP-
`TAB, U.S. District Court Southern District of Indiana, Indianapolis Division: Settled patent case involving
`understanding of the design and function of evaporative emission control systems for application to
`lawn and garden equipment. Activities on behalf of the defendant include preparation of declarations as
`well as deposition testimony.
` AMERICAN COMMERCIAL LINES LLC, v. THE LUBRIZOL CORPORATION, ET AL., Case No. 4:12-cv-00135
`SEB-WGH, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, New Albany Division: Settled case
`related to the efficacy of multi-functional diesel-fuel additives. Activities included review of case
`documents and the preparation of an Expert Rebuttal report regarding the use of specific multi-
`functional diesel-fuel additives.
` EVA CAPERON v. Chevron Corporation, et al., Case No. 34-2008-00029004: Completed case dealing with
`personal injury related to the performance of a gasoline dispenser equipped with a Stage II vapor
`recovery system. Activities included deposition and trial testimony and preparation of a declaration in
`support of defendant’s motion for summary judgment. Case ended with a limited award to the plaintiff.
` ZANGARA DODGE, INC., et al., v. CURRY, et al., Case No. CIV-07-1305 ACT/LFG, U.S. District Court for the
`District of New Mexico: Suspended case dealing with the adoption of California new vehicle greenhouse
`gas/fuel economy standards by the State of New Mexico. Activities included preparation of declarations
`in support of plaintiff’s motions that address history of vehicle emissions control and issues associated
`with the impact of implementation of the state regulations on vehicle manufacturers.
` UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. PAUL REVERE TRANSPORTATION LLC, Case No. 06 CA 12297, U.S.
`District Court for the District of Massachusetts: Completed case involving enforcement of Massachusetts
`regulations restricting vehicle idling times. Activities on behalf of the defendant include expert report,
`supplemental expert report, and affidavit preparation as well as deposition testimony and assistance in
`preparation of cross-examination of defendant’s experts. Expert and supplemental expert report
`addresses air quality in the Boston area, sources of emissions and their relative impacts on air quality,
`emissions from idling diesel vehicles, the efficacy of different emission control strategies in reducing
`emissions from diesel vehicles, including diesel particulate filters, and valuation of pollutant emissions.
`Case ended in settlement.
` CATERPILLAR INC., et al, v. CALIFORNA AIR RESOURCES BOARD, Superior Court of California, County of
`Sacramento, Case No. 05AS01133: Completed case regarding state regulations requiring acceleration of
`changes to engine control calibrations that conflicted with provisions of a previously executed
`memorandum of understanding. Case ended with decision for the plaintiffs following bench trial.
`Activities included deposition and trial testimony on behalf of the plaintiffs regarding expected lifetimes
`and emissions associated with heavy-duty Diesel vehicles.
` DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG and MERCEDES-BENZ USA, INC. v. FUELING ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, INC,
`et al., Case No. CV No. 00 CV 1541 B (NLS), U.S. District Court, Southern District of California: Completed
`case related to infringement of patents addressing combustion chamber design. Case ended with
`decisions for the plaintiffs following bench trial. Activities on behalf of plaintiffs included preparation of
`declarations, preparation of expert and supplemental reports, deposition, and trial testimony. Issues
`addressed included history of combustion chamber design, identification and collection of relevant prior
`art documents and engine components, characterization of patent teachings, and characterization of
`prior art in light of patent teachings.
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`James Lyons
`Principal Consultant — Sacramento Office
`
` SOUTH TAHOE PUB. UTIL. DIST. V. ATLANTIC RICHFIELD CO. ET AL., Case No. 999128, Superior Court of
`California, County of San Francisco: Completed MTBE product liability case. Case ended with decision
`for the plaintiff following jury trial. Activities on the behalf of defendants included extensive review of
`documents and other materials during discovery, development of a detailed history and chronology of
`the development of California fuel regulations, documented information available to regulators and
`positions of regulators on various issues at various times, deposition, and deposition of opponent’s
`experts.
` ALBERT L. WOKAS v. GILBARCO, Case No. No. 1:98CV00236, U.S. District Court, Middle District of North
`Carolina, Greensboro Division: Completed case related to infringement of a patent addressing the
`design of systems to recover fuel vapors displaced from vehicle fuel tanks during refueling. Case settled
`prior to trial. Activities on behalf of the defendant included identifying potential prior art, locating and
`interviewing individuals with direct knowledge associated with potential prior art, preparing expert
`report and deposition. Issues addressed included history of vapor recovery systems designs and
`regulatory requirements, characterization of patent teachings, and characterization of prior art in light
`of patent teachings.
` ETHYL CANADA INC. v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA, et al., Court File No. 97-CV-126708, Ontario
`Court (General Division): Completed case related to Canadian federal statutes imposing restrictions on
`the use of the octane-enhancing gasoline additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl,
`commonly known as MMT®. Case ended with settlement. Activities on behalf of the defendants
`included preparation of an expert report and declarations and assistance in the deposition of opponent’s
`experts. Issues addressed included the impact of combustion of gasoline containing MMT® on engine
`and emission control system components including catalysts, oxygen sensors, and on-board diagnostic
`systems; requirements imposed on vehicle manufacturers by new vehicle emission standard and
`warranty regulations; the design and execution of laboratory and vehicle test programs; and the
`relationship of vehicle testing methodologies to vehicle operation in customer service.
` UNOCAL v. ARCO et al., Case No. CV-95-2379 KMW (JRX), U.S. District Court, Central District of
`California: Completed case related to infringement of a patent addressing the reformulation of gasoline
`in order to achieve lower vehicle exhaust and evaporative emissions. Case ended with a decision in
`favor of the plaintiffs following a jury trial. Activities on behalf of the defendants included preparation
`of declarations and expert report, extensive review of documents and other materials produced during
`discovery, deposition and trial testimony, assistance in the deposition of opponent’s experts in cross
`examination. Issues addressed included history of federal and state regulations on gasoline composition
`as a means of reducing vehicle emissions, characterization of the understanding that regulators and
`other parties had regarding the impact of gasoline composition changes on vehicle emissions at various
`points in time, characterization of patent teachings, and characterization of prior art in light of patent
`teachings
`Consulting Expert:
` MTBE PROD. LIAB. LITIG., Case No. MDL – 1358, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York and
`Related Cases: Several related MTBE product liability cases have been completed and ended with
`settlement. Other related cases are on-going. Activities on the behalf of defendants included technical
`support related to the history of federal gasoline composition regulations, the reductions in vehicular
`emissions resulting from those regulations and the effect that replacement of MTBE by ethanol would
`have had on vehicular emissions. Also assisted with deposition of opponent’s experts.
`
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`James Lyons
`Principal Consultant — Sacramento Office
`
`SELECTED PUBLICATIONS (AUTHOR OR CO-AUTHOR)
`
` GREEN MOUNTAIN CHRYSLER-PLYMOUTH-DODGE, et al. v. CROMBIE et al, U.S. District Court for the
`District of Vermont Civil File No. 05-302 & 304: Completed case related to state adoption of California
`new vehicle greenhouse gas/fuel economy standards. Case ended with decision for the defendants
`following bench trial. Activities on behalf of plaintiffs included extensive review of documents and
`materials produced during discovery; assisting with the depositions of fact witnesses and opponent’s
`experts; and providing technical support related to vehicle manufacturers’ compliance strategies and
`costs, effects of higher new vehicle prices on vehicle fleet turnover and vehicular emissions, and
`emission effects of reductions in gasoline usage.
` OXYGENATED FUELS ASSOCIATION v. PATAKI, Case No. 00, CV-1073, U.S. District Court, Northern
`District of New York: Completed case related to state regulations banning the use of MTBE as a gasoline
`additive. Case ended with decision for the defendant following a bench trial. Activities on behalf of the
`plaintiff involved technical support associated with assessing the effects of the regulation on vehicular
`emissions in New York and the consequences of those effects on attainment of the National Ambient Air
`Quality Standard for ozone.
` CENTRAL VALLEY CHRYSLER-PLYMOUTH et al., v. CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD, Case No. CIV
`F-02-05017 REC SMS, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California, Fresno: Completed case related
`to California Zero Emission Vehicle Regulations. Case ended with settlement. Activities involved
`providing technical support to plaintiffs related to emission impacts of reductions in new vehicle sales in
`response to higher vehicle prices resulting from the regulations as well as vehicle manufacturer
`compliance strategies and costs. Also assisted with the depositions of fact witnesses.
`“Follow-On Study of Transportation Fuel Life Cycle Analysis: Review of Current CARB and EPA
`Estimates of Land Use Change (LUC) Impacts,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2016-08-01, prepared for
`the Coordinating Research Council, CRC Project No. E-88-3b, August 2016.
` “Review of EPA’s MOVES2014 Model,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2016-07-01, prepared for the
`Coordinating Research Council, CRC Project No. E-101, July 2016.
` “Development of Vehicle Attribute Forecasts for the ‘2015 Integrated Energy Policy Report,’” prepared
`for the California Energy Commission, February 5, 2016.
` “Sensitivity Analysis of Key Assumptions on Energy and Environmental Economics (E3) ‘California
`Pathways GHG Scenario Results’ as They Pertain to the Light-Duty Vehicle Sector,” prepared for the
`Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, October 2015.
` “Review of Energy and Environmental Economics (E3) “California Pathways GHG Scenario Results” as
`They Pertain to the Light-Duty Vehicle Sector,” prepared for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers,
`October 2015.
`
`
`
`
`“International Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards Analysis,” prepared for
`the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, July 2015.
` “Quantifying Aircraft Lead Emissions at Airports,” prepared for the Transportation Research Board,
`Airport Cooperative Research Program, October 2014.
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`James Lyons
`Principal Consultant — Sacramento Office
`
` “Best Practices Guidebook for Preparing Lead (Pb) Emission Inventories from Piston-Powered Aircraft,”
`prepared for the Transportation Research Board, Airport Cooperative Research Program, October 2014.
` “Development of Vehicle Attribute Forecasts for 2013 IEPR,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2014-01-01,
`prepared for the California Energy Commission, January 2014.
` “Assessment of the Emission Benefits of U.S. EPA’s Proposed Tier 3 Motor Vehicle Emission and Fuel
`Standards,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2013-06-01, prepared for the American Petroleum Institute,
`June 2013.
` “Development of Inventory and Speciation Inputs for Ethanol Blends,” Sierra Research Report No.
`SR2012-05-01, prepared for the Coordinating Research Council, Inc. (CRC), May 2012.
` “Review of CARB Staff Analysis of ‘Illustrative’ Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Compliance Scenarios,”
`Sierra Research Report No. SR2012-02-01, prepared for the Western States Petroleum Association,
`February 20, 2012.
` “Review of CARB On-Road Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions Inventory,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2010-
`11-01, prepared for The Ad Hoc Working Group, November 2010.
` “Identification and Review of State/Federal Legislative and Regulatory Changes Required for the
`Introduction of New Transportation Fuels,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2010-08-01, prepared for the
`American Petroleum Institute, August 2010.
` “Technical Review of EPA Renewable Fuel Standard Program (RFS2) Regulatory Impact Analysis for
`Non-GHG Pollutants,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2010-05-01, prepared for the American Petroleum
`Institute, May 2010.
` “Effects of Gas Composition on Emissions from Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Engines,” Sierra Research
`Report No. SR2010-02-01, prepared for the Southern California Gas Company, February 2010.
` “Effects of Gas Composition on Emissions from a Light-Duty Natural Gas Vehicle,” Sierra Research
`Report No. SR2009-11-01, prepared for the Southern California Gas Company, November 2009.
` “Technical Review of 2009 EPA Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis for Non-GHG Pollutants Due to
`Changes to the Renewable Fuel Standard,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2009-09-01, prepared for the
`American Petroleum Institute, September 2009.
` “Effects of Vapor Pressure, Oxygen Content, and Temperature on CO Exhaust Emissions,” Sierra
`Research Report No. 2009-05-03, prepared for the Coordinating Research Council, May 2009.
` “Technical Review of 2007 EPA Regulatory Impact Analysis Methodology for the Renewable Fuels
`Standard,” Sierra Research Report No. 2008-09-02, prepared for the American Petroleum Institute,
`September 2008.
` “Impacts of MMT Use in Unleaded Gasoline on Engines, Emission Control Systems, and Emissions,”
`Sierra Research Report No. 2008-08-01, prepared for McMillan Binch Mendelsohn LLP, Canadian
`Vehicle Manufacturers’ Association, and Association of International Automobile Manufacturers of
`Canada, August 2008.
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`James Lyons
`Principal Consultant — Sacramento Office
`
` “Attachment to Comments Regarding the NHTSA Proposal for Average Fuel Economy Standards
`Passenger Cars and Light Trucks Model Years 2011-2015, Docket No. NHTSA-2008-0089,” Sierra
`Research Report No. SR2008-06-01, prepared for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, June 2008.
` “Evaluation of California Greenhouse Gas Standards and Federal Energy Independence and Security Act
`– Part 1: Impacts on New Vehicle Fuel Economy,” SAE Paper No. 2008-01-1852, Society of Automotive
`Engineers, 2008.
` “Basic Analysis of the Cost and Long-Term Impact of the Energy Independence and Security Act Fuel
`Economy Standards,” Sierra Research Report No. SR 2008-04-01, April 2008.
` “The Benefits of Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles,”
`SAE Paper No. 2008-01-0684, Society of Automotive Engineers, 2008.
` “Assessment of the Need for Long-Term Reduction in Consumer Product Emissions in South Coast Air
`Basin,” Sierra Research Report No. 2007-09-03, prepared for the Consumer Specialty Products
`Association, September 2007.
` “Summary of Federal and California Subsidies for Alternative Fuels,” Sierra Research Report No.
`SR2007-04-02, prepared for the Western States Petroleum Association, April 2007.
` “Analysis of IRTA Report on Water-Based Automotive Products,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2006-
`08-02, prepared for the Consumer Specialty Projects Association and Automotive Specialty Products
`Alliance, August 2006.
` “Evaluation of Pennsylvania’s Implementation of California’s Greenhouse Gas Regulations on Criteria
`Pollutants and Precursor Emissions,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2006-04-01, prepared for Alliance of
`Automobile Manufacturers, April 12, 2006.
` “Evaluation of New Jersey’s Adoption of California’s Greenhouse Gas Regulations on Criteria Pollutants
`and Precursor Emissions,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2005-09-03, prepared for the Alliance of
`Automobile Manufacturers, September 30, 2005.
` “Evaluation of Vermont’s Adoption of California’s Greenhouse Gas Regulations on Criteria Pollutants and
`Precursor Emissions,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2005-09-02, prepared for the Alliance of
`Automobile Manufacturers, September 19, 2005.
` “Assessment of the Cost-Effectiveness of Compliance Strategies for Selected Eight-Hour Ozone NAAQS
`Nonattainment Areas,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2005-08-04, prepared for the American Petroleum
`Institute, August 30, 2005.
` “Evaluation of Connecticut’s Adoption of California’s Greenhouse Gas Regulations on Criteria Pollutants
`and Precursor Emissions,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2005-08-03, prepared for the Alliance of
`Automobile Manufacturers, August 26, 2005.
` “Evaluation of New York’s Adoption of California’s Greenhouse Gas Regulations On Criteria Pollutants
`and Precursor Emissions,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2005-07-04, prepared for the Alliance of
`Automobile Manufacturers, July 14, 2005.
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`James Lyons
`Principal Consultant — Sacramento Office
`
` “Review of MOVES2004,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2005-07-01, prepared for the Alliance of
`Automobile Manufacturers, July 11, 2005.
` “Review of Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSAT) Emissions from On-Highway Vehicles: Literature Review,
`Database, Development, and Recommendations for Future Studies,” Sierra Research Report No.
`SR2005-03-01, prepared for the American Petroleum Institute, March 4, 2005.
` “The Contribution of Diesel Engines to Emissions of ROG, NOx, and PM2.5 in California: Past, Present,
`and Future,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2005-02-01, prepared for Diesel Technology Forum,
`February 2005.
` “Fuel Effects on Highway Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSAT) Emissions,” Sierra Research Report No.
`SR2004-12-01, prepared for the American Petroleum Institute, December 23, 2004.
` “Review of the August 2004 Proposed CARB Regulations to Control Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
`Motor Vehicles: Cost Effectiveness for the Vehicle Owner or Operator – Appendix C to the Comments of
`The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2004-09-04, prepared for the
`Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, September 2004.
` “Emission and Economic Impacts of an Electric Forklift Mandate,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2003-
`12-01, prepared for National Propane Gas Association,
`December 12, 2003.
` “Reducing California’s Energy Dependence,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2003-11-03, prepared for
`Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, November 25, 2003.
` “Evaluation of Fuel Effects on Nonroad Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSAT) Emissions: Literature Review,
`Database Development, and Recommendations for Future Studies,” Sierra Research Report No. SR2003-
`10-01, prepared for American Petroleum Institute, October 3, 2003.
` “Review of Current and Future CO Emissions from On-Road Vehicles in Selected Western Areas,” Sierra
`Research Report No. SR03-01-01, prepared for the Western States Petroleum Association, January 2003.
` “Review of CO Compliance Status in Selected Western Areas,” Sierra Research Report No. SR02-09-04,
`prepared for the Western States Petroleum Association, September 2002.
` “Impacts Associated With the Use of MMT as an Octane Enhancing Additive in Gasoline – A Critical
`Review”, Sierra Research Report No. SR02-07-01, prepared for Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers
`Association and Association of International Automobile Manufacturers of Canada, July 24, 2002.
` “Critical Review of ‘Safety Oversight for Mexico-Domiciled Commercial Motor Carriers, Final
`Programmatic Environmental Assessment’, Prepared by John A Volpe Transportation Systems Center,
`January 2002,” Sierra Research Report No. SR02-04-01, April 16, 2002.
` “Critical Review of the Method Used by the South Coast Air Quality Management District to Establish the
`Emissions Equivalency of Heavy-Duty Diesel- and Alternatively Fueled Engines”, Sierra Research Report
`No. SR01-12-03, prepared for Western States Petroleum Association, December 21, 2001.
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`James Lyons
`Principal Consultant — Sacramento Office
`
` “Review of U.S. EPA’s Diesel Fuel Impact Model”, Sierra Research Report No. SR01-10-01, prepared for
`American Trucking Associations, Inc., October 25, 2001.
` “Operation of a Pilot Program for Voluntary Accelerated Retirement of Light-Duty Vehicles in the South
`Coast Air Basin,” Sierra Research Report No. SR01-05-02, prepared for California Air Resources Board,
`May 2001.
` “Comparison of Emission Characteristics of Advanced Heavy-Duty Diesel and CNG Engines,” Sierra
`Report No. SR01-05-01, prepared for Western States Petroleum Association, May 2001.
` “Analysis of Southwest Research Institute Test Data on Inboard and Sterndrive Marine Engines,” Sierra
`Report No. SR01-01-01, prepared for National Marine Manufacturers Association, January 2001.
` “Institutional Support Programs for Alternative Fuels and Alternative Fuel Vehicles in Arizona: 2000
`Update,” Sierra Report No. SR00-12-04, prepared for Western States Petroleum Association, December
`2000.
`
` “Real-Time Evaporative Emissions Measurement: Mid-Morning Commute and Partial Diurnal Events,”
`SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2959, October 2000.
` “Evaporative Emissions from Late-Model In-Use Vehicles,” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-2958, October 2000.
` “A Comparative Analysis of the Feasibility and Cost of Compliance with Potential Future Emission
`Standards for Heavy-Duty Vehicles Using Diesel or Natural Gas,” Sierra Research Report No. SR00-02-02,
`prepared for Californians For a Sound Fuel Strategy, February 2000.
` “Critical Review of the Report Entitled ‘Economic Impacts of On Board Diagnostic Regulations (OBD II)’
`Prepared by Spectrum Economics,” Sierra Research Report No. SR00-01-02, prepared for the Alliance of
`Automobile Manufacturers, January 2000.
` “Potential Evaporative Emission Impacts Associated with the Introduction of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends in
`California,” Sierra Research Report No. SR00-01-01, prepared for the American Methanol Institute,
`January 2000.
` “Evaporative Emissions from Late-Model In-Use Vehicles,” Sierra Research Report No. SR99-10-03,
`prepared for the Coordinating Research Council, October 1999.
` “Investigation of Sulfur Sensitivity and Reversibility in Late-Model Vehicles,” SAE Paper No. 1999-01-
`3676, August 1999.
` “Future Diesel-Fueled Engine Emission Control Technologies and Their Implications for Diesel Fuel
`Properties,” Sierra Research Report No. SR99-08-01, prepared for the American Petroleum Institute,
`August 1999.
` “Analysis of Compliance Feasibility under Proposed Tier 2 Emission Standards for Passenger Cars and
`Light Trucks,” Sierra Research Report No. SR99-07-02, July 1999.
` “Comparison of the Properties of Jet A and Diesel Fuel,” Sierra Research Report No. SR99-02-01,
`prepared for Pillsbury Madison and Sutro, February 1999.
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`James Lyons
`Principal Consultant — Sacramento Office
`
` “Investigation of Sulfur Sensitivity and Reversibility in Late-Model Vehicles,” Sierra Research Report No.
`SR98-12-02, prepared for the American Petroleum Institute, December 1998.
` “Analysis of New Motor Vehicle Issues in the Canadian Government’s Foundation Paper on Climate
`Change – Transportation Sector,” Sierra Research Report No. SR98-12-01, prepared for the Canadian
`Vehicle Manufacturers Association, December 1998.
` “Investigation of the Relative Emission Sensitivities of LEV Vehicles to Gasoline Sulfur Content -
`Emission Control System Design and Cost Differences,” Sierra Research Report No. SR98-06-01,
`prepared for the American Petroleum Institute, June 1998.
` “Costs, Benefits, and Cost-Effectiveness of CARB’s Proposed Tier 2 Regulations for Handheld Equipment
`Engines and a PPEMA Alternative Regulatory Proposal,” Sierra Research Report No. SR98-03-03,
`prepared for the Portable Power Equipment Manufacturers Association, March 1998.
` “Analysis of Diesel Fuel Quality Issues in Maricopa County, Arizona,” Sierra Research Report No. SR97-
`12-03, prepared for the Western States Petroleum Association, December 1997.
` “Potential Impact of Sulfur in Gasoline on Motor Vehicle Pollution Control and Monitoring Technologies,”
`prepared for Environment Canada, July 1997.
` “Analysis of Mid- and Long-Term Ozone Control Measures for Maricopa County,” Sierra Research Report
`No. SR96-09-02, prepared for the Western States Petroleum Association, September 9, 1996.
` “Technical and Policy Issues Associated with the Evaluation of Selected Mobile Source Emission Control
`Measures in Nevada,” Sierra Research Report No. SR96-03-01, prepared for the Western States
`Petroleum Association, March 1996.
` “Cost-Effectiveness of Stage II Vapor Recovery Systems in the Lower Fraser Valley,” Sierra Research
`Report No. SR95-10-05, prepared for the Province of British Columbia Ministry of Environment Lands
`and Parks and the Greater Vancouver Regional District, October 1995.
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