US 7,762,470 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`a2) United States Patent
`Finnet al.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`
`US007762470B2
`
`REID TOKEN WITH MULTIPLE INTERFACE
`CONTROLLER
`
`Inventors: David Finn, Tourmakeady (IE); Dennis
`Ryan, Tipp City, OH (US)
`(73) Assignee: DPD Patent Trust Ltd., Tourmakeady,
`County Mayo (IE)
`“
`Subject to anydisclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1170 days.
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`(2006.01)
`GO06K 5/00
`(2006.01)
`GO8B 13/14
`(52) US. Ch cee 235/492, 235/380; 235/435,
`235/487, 340/572.1; 340/572.8
`(58) Field of Classification Search................. 235/492,
`235/380, 435, 441, 449. 451, 711/115, 340/7.63,
`ae
`-
`340/572.1, 572.8
`See applicationfile for complete search history.
`.
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(56)
`
`(54)
`
`(75)
`
`
`
`(21)
`(22)
`(65
`
`Appl. No.: 11/355,264
`Filed:
`Feb. 15, 2006
`Prior Publication Data
`
`4,367,965 A
`
`1/1983. Speitelet al.
`
` (Continued)
`
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 11/295,685,
`filed on Dec. 6, 2005, now Pat. No. 7,632,113, and a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 10/990,296,
`filed on Nov. 16, 2004, now Pat. No. 7,213,766.
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/652,895, filed on Feb.
`15, 2005, provisional application No. 60/660,398,
`filed on Mar. 10, 2005, provisional application No.
`60/664,974, filed on Mar. 24, 2005, provisional appli-
`cation No. 60/734,409, filed on Nov. 8, 2005, provi-
`sional application No. 60/725,818. filed on Oct. 12,
`2005, provisional application No. 60/708,707,filed on
`Aug.
`16, 2005, provisional application No. 60/708
`628 , fil 4
`‘A
`16. 2005
`‘sional
`.
`licati
`>
`>
`MEG ON
`AUE.
`195
`» Provisional application
`No. 60/691,337, filed on Jun. 16, 2005, provisional
`application No. 50/685,503, filed on May 27, 2005,
`provisional application No. 60/633,541, filed on Dec.
`6, 2004, provisional application No. 60/602,595, filed
`on Aug. 18, 2004, provisional application No. 60/562,
`204, filed onApr. 14, 2004, provisional application No.
`60/520,698, filed on Nov. 17, 2003.
`Int. Cl
`GO6K 7906
`G06K 19/00
`GO06K 7/00
`
`(2006.01)
`‘
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(51)
`/
`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`.
`ACRSBDEDBeTechnivalSpecifications Nersion 13, Sep. 2004,
`eAEES IEILE DNB:
`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner—Daniel Walsh
`
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Gerald E Linden; Dwight A.
`Stauffer
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`.
`.
`AnRFID token apparatus has a connection module for inter-
`facing with anappliance capable ofcommunicating andinter-
`acling with remote servers and networks, a translation mod-
`ule for moving signals between a USBinterface and a smart
`card interface, a processor module which maybe capable of
`operating as a dual-interface (DI) chip; and an input/output
`module having at least one RF antenna and a modulator. An
`RFID-contactless interface according to ISO 14443 & ISO
`15693 and/or NKC. A wireless interface according to ZIG-
`BEE wireless, BLUETOOTH wireless, WLAN 802.11,
`UWB,USBwireless and/or anysimilar interface.An RFID
`reader apparatus has a housing; a slot for a contact or con-
`tactless fob; and a USBstick alternately protruding from the
`housing and retracted within the housing.
`
`
`
`13 Claims, 5 Drawing Shects
`
`Release
`
`
`Contactless
`Fob
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 1 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 1 of 31
`
`

`

`US7,762,470 B2
`
`Page 2
`
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`.
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`6983-888 RB?
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`Matsushita blends FERAM technology with smart cards,
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`Hara, Yoshiko, EE Times, Oct. 1, 2004, CMP Media, Manhas-
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`
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`z
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`Panasonic’s Smart SD adds RFLD to the mix, Rojas, Peter,
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`0S 18-20, 2003, Cartes 2003, aris Nort Villepinte, France.
`
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`ogy, Balaban, Dan, Nov. 2004, pp. 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, Card
`
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`
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`
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`
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`ics NV, The Netherlands.
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`* cited by examiner
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`2008/0032626 AL
`2/2008 Chen
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`1/2009 Rofougaranee 710/304
`
`
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 2 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 2 of 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet1 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG 1A
`100~
`
`102
`
`104
`
`106
`
`108
`
`USB Plug
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`Translation
`Module
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`FIG. 1B
`
`Input/Output
`Module
`
`128
`
`122
`
`124
`
`
`
` USB Plug
`
`
` Connection
`: Translation
`Input/Output
`Module
`: Module
`Module
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`FIG 1C
`140 y
`
`142
`
`144
`
`146
`
`148
` USB Plug
`
`
`
`Processor
`Module
`
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`Translation
`Module
`
`150
`
`Input/Output
`Module
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 3 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 3 of 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet2 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`402
`
`406
`
`FIG 1D
`400+
`408
`
`
`RJ-45
`
`Connector
` USB Plug
`
`
`/
`translator
`
`
`
`module
`
`
`Connection
`Processor
`Input
`Module
`Module
`Module
`
`
`
`410
`
`FIG 1E
`500+
`
`502
`
`504
`
`506
`
`508
`USB Plug
`
` Processor
`
`Translation
`Input/Output
`Module
`Module
`Module
`
`
`Switches
`
`510
`LCD
`512
`
`Screen
` 514
`
`Connection
`Module
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page4 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 4 of 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet3 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 2A
`
`Housing/Reader
`
`
`Magnetic
`
`Contactless
`Fob
`
`FIG. 2B
`
`Release
`
`Housing
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 5 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 5 of 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet4 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG 3A
`
`
`
`Bluetooth
`Interface
`
`
`
`Single Chip USB Controller
`with Memory Management
`
`
`
`
`RFID Chip
`EEPROM
`
`Wireless Interface
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 3B
`
`Bluetooth
`Interface
`
`
`
`Controller (Memory
`Management), OS with
`Embedded USB HUB
`
` Address, Data
`
`and Control bus
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
` Hard Disk
`
`CARD
`
`
`Data and Control bus
`_
`
`Wireless Interface
`TEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`Flash
`Memory
`
`SMART
`
`Drive
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 6 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 6 of 31
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 27, 2010
`
`Sheet 5 of 5
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`FIG. 3C
`
`
`
`Power
`
`from USB
`
`
`
`
`
`Datat
`Gatekeeper
`Flash Memory
`Data-
`[Gthervo
`Microcontroller Po NAND
`
`
`Ports
`Memory Management
`
`USB from PC
`Embedded HUB
`
`
`
`Internal OS
`USB Devices
`
`memory reader
`such as
`control logic
`wireless/
`
`Bluetooth
`
`
`
`FIG, 3D
`
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`Bluetooth
`Interface
`
`Data and Control bus
`
`
`
` Controller (Memory
`
`
`Management), OS with
`
`Embedded USB HUB
` Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`Wireless Interface
`IEEE 802.11b/g/n
`
`Flash
`Memory
`
`Hard Disk
`Drive
`Address, Data
`and Control bus
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 7 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 7 of 31
`
`

`

`fi=
`
`fi=
`
`mh=Q
`
`fi=
`
`
`TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates generally to RFID technology, and
`also to smart card technology.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`59
`
`
`
`
`
`This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/990,296
`ed Nov. 16, 2004 now U.S.Pat. No. 7,213,766.
`This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 11/295,685
`ed Dec. 6, 2005 nowU.S. Pat. No. 7,632,113.
`This is anon-provisionalfiling ofU.S. Ser. No. 60/652,895
`ed Feb. 15, 2005.
`This is a non-provisionalfiling ofU.S. Ser. Na. 60/660,398
`d Mar. 10, 2005.
`There are three basic types of smart cards: contact chip,
`; This is anon-provisionalfiling ofU.S. Ser. No. 60/664,974 15 contactless and dual interface (DI) cards.
`fiesMar. 24, handf
`he
`following:
`A contact smart card (or contact chip card) is a plastic card
`riority 1s 1 ool:
`rom the fo oatty filed
`aboutthe size ofa credit card thathas anembeddedintegrated
`OARPeaSTNDaTEEOLIEfil ©4oS ae
`circuit (IC) chip to store data. This data is associated with
`Provisional
`.,P enti N ,0 7087—fil 7A ,
`20 cither value or information or both and is stored and pro-
`16.
`5005 Application
`No.
`60/708,
`ed Aug.
`10, 20 cessed within the card’s chip, either a memory or micropro-
`Provisional Application No. 60/708,628 filed Aug. 16,
`oh,r ie .
`asi
`4005
`The predominant contact smart cards in consumeruse are
`ProvisionalApplication No. 60/691,337filed Jun.16, 2005
`telephone cards as a storedvalue tool forpay phones andbank
`.
`oe
`oe
`cards for electronic cash payments. Contact smart cards
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Provisional Application No. 60/685,503 filed May 27, 25 inalor:ire the plac I the card in: in
`3005
`nae U .Pp seen . U e card
`in aum or aulomalic
`Provisional Application No. 60/664,974 filed Mar. 24,
`teller machine Tor authentication an
`ta transaction. By
`3005
`inserting the contact smart card into the terminal, mechanica
`Provisional Application No. 60/660,398filed Mar. 10,
`and electrical contact is made with the embedded chip mod-
`2005
`:
`ProvisionalApplicationNo, 60/652,895 liledFeb. 15,2005
`Contactless smart cards have anembedded antenna con-
`Patent application Ser. No. 11/295,685filed Dec. 6, 2005,
`necte ioa ‘diowe, uP: Th ms the care . Rwe he ane
`claiming priority ofProvisionalApplication No. 60/633,
`respond
`to racio waves.
`‘he energy required for Ue sma
`541filed Dec. 6, 2004
`card to manipulate and transmit data is derived from the
`Patent application Ser. No. 10/990,296 filedNov. 16, 2004, 35 clectromagnetic ficld oed by a reader Contactless
`claimingpriority ofProvisionalApplication No. 60/602,
`smart cards
`do not require
`rect contact with the reader
`595 filed Aug. 18, 2004
`because they employ the passive transponder technology a
`ProvisionalApplicationNo. 60/562,204filedApr. 14, 2004
`Radic Bveread icentification “ID). Bi Just waving the
`Provisional Application No. 60/520,698 filed Nov. 17,
`card nearthe reader, secureidentification, electronicpaymen
`2003
`'ansaction and authentication are completedin milliseconds.
`.
`.
`.
`Contactless chip card technology is based on two stan-
`all of which are incorporated by reference herein, and
`dards: ISO/IEC 14443 Type A and Type B (for proximity
`all of which name Finn as an inventor.
`cards), and ISOMEC 15693 Cor vicinity cards). Cards tha
`comply with these standards operate at the 13.56 MIIz fre-
`45 quency. ISO/IEC J 4443 products have a range ofup to 10cm
`(centimeters), while ISO/IEC 15693 products can operate at a
`range between 50 and 70 cm.
`Dual interface (DI) cards. sometimes called combination
`chip cards, are microprocessor multi-function cards that
`incorporate both the functions of a contact chip card and a
`contactless card. Within the smart card is a microprocessor or
`
`Asmart card resemblesaeredit card in size and shape. (See micro-controller chip with radio frequency identification
`ISO 7810). The inside of a smart card usually contains an
`(RFID) capability that manages the memory allocation and
`embedded 8-hit microprocessor. The microprocessor is under
`file access. The on-board memory is shared and can be
`a gold contact pad on one side of the card. Smarts cards may 55 accessed either in contact or contactless mode.
`typically have 1 kilobyte of RAM,24 kilobytes of ROM,16
`‘This type of chip is similar to those found inside all per-
`kilobytes of programmable ROM,and an 8-bil microproces-
`sonal computers and when implanted in a smart card, man-
`sor running at 5 MHz. The smart card usesa serial interface
`ages data in organized file structures, via a card operating
`and receives its power from external sources like a card—_system. This capability permits different and multiple func-
`reader. The processoruses a limited instruction set for appli- 5 tions and/or different applicationsto reside on the card.
`cations such as cryptography. The most commonsmart card
`A dual interlace (DI) card is ideal for single and multi-
`applications are:
`application markets ranging from micro-payment (conve-
`Credit cards
`nientalternative to low valuecashtransaction) to e-commerce
`Electronic cash ;
`and from ticketing in masstransit to secure identification for
`Computer security systems
`65 cross border control. Originally, such cards were intended to
`Wireless communication
`be used in conjunction with a reader connected to a PC for
`Loyalty systems (like frequentflyer points)
`downloadingtickets, tokens, or electronic money via the con-
`
`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`2
`
`1
`RFID TOKEN WITH MULTIPLE INTERFACE
`CONTROLLER
`
`
`
`
`CROSS-REPERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`Banking
`Satellite TV
`Governmentidentification
`Smart cards can be used with a smart-card reader attach-
`ment to a personal computer to authenticate a user. (However,
`these readers are relatively costly, and have not been well
`accepted by users.) Web browsers also can use smart card
`technology to supplement Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) for
`improved security of Internet transactions. The American
`[Express Online Wallet shows how online purchases work
`using a smart card and a PC equipped with a smart-card
`reader. Smart-card readers can also be found in vending
`machines.
`
`1 °
`
`30
`
`4g
`
`
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 8 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 8 of 31
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`
`
`3
`tact interface and used in contactless modein the application
`for physical access or proximity payment
`Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) devices
`derive their energy from the electromagnetic field radiated
`from the reader. Because ofinternational powertransmission
`restrictions at the frequencies of 125 KI1z and 13,56 MIIz,the
`contactless integrated circuits are generally lowvoltage and
`ow power devices. Read/Write circuits use low voltage
`EEPROM and low power analogue cells. The read/write
`memory capacity in transponders, contact smart cards, con-
`actless memorybased smart cards, dual interface smart cards
`(contact & contactless) and multi-interface micro-controllers
`is generally limited to approximately 64 kilobytes.
`‘The dualinterface (D1) smart cards typically have an 8, 16
`or32 bit microprocessor controller, operate at a low voltage of
`1,8V-5¥V and runat aninternal frequency of 5 or 15 MHz. The
`open platform architecture includes memory management,
`non volatile memory, contactless interfaces and security fea-
`tures such as Advanced Crypto Engine (ACE) 1100 bit,triple
`
`DESencryption and RSA.
`Iligh performance crypto controllers with multiple inter-
`faces such as USB, ISO 14443 Type A, B, Felica have been
`developed for multi-functional smart cards in applications
`such as security access, healthcare, electronic purse, banking
`etc.
`
`The main focus of the smart card industry has heen on
`secure card applications where large memory capacityis not
`of paramount importance, and/or where pertinent informa-
`tion and application software is stored at a centralized server
`location.
`Copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/990,296
`(the ’296 application) generally discloses a compact personal
`token apparatus, suilably resembling a conventional USB
`memory fob in size, shape, and form which can be plugged
`into a PC andinterfaced with the virtual world ofthe Internet.
`The apparatus is capable of loading and storing information
`from the Internet, via the PC to its flash memory or FEPROM
`and thenusing the stored informationor value via its contact-
`less or wireless interface in the real world. The apparatus is
`capable of implementing an auto-run application, when
`inserted into a personal computer. The apparatus is capable of
`exchanging information with other devices having compat-
`ible interfaces. The apparatus can also function as a firewall
`when plugged between an Internet connection and a PC.
`Apart from using USBtokens forfile storage, they are also
`used for desktopsettings, screen lock, network login & access
`control, log book, user authentication (storing digital signa-
`tures, certificates, key sets, finger-based biometric templates,
`usernames and passwords), digital content and transaction
`security as well as enterprise and Internet security.
`A USB token can also be used to download emails,
`remotely access a PC or to open a customized browserthat
`allows the user to surf the Web with total privacy.
`Recent developments in USB flash memory drives have
`resulted in CDROM-like auto-run devices that automatically
`execute a file when the USB tokenis inserted into a PC. The
`read-only and auto-run contents are installed during the
`manufacturing process. Examples of auto-run contents
`include opening a websile, running a demoapplication, show-
`ing a presentation, making a product pitch, providing custom-
`ers with discount couponsetc.
`USS. Pat. No. 6,763,399, incorporated by reference herein,
`entitled “USB key apparatus for interacting with a USB host
`via a USB port” describes a smart card—host system that
`operates without the intermediation of a smart card reader.
`The smart card—host system comprises a host, which has a
`USBinterface, and a portable device, which provides smart
`
`ra w
`
`2'S
`
`2 2
`
`us on
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`40
`
`wn S
`
`a a
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`4
`card function(s).the portable device has a smart card chip for
`performing the smart card function(s); a USB interface for
`connecting the portable device with the host via USB proto-
`col; and a microprocessor for controlling the transfer of data
`between the USB interface and the smart card chip, for con-
`verting data from a USB formatto the format ofthe smart card
`chip and for converting data from the format ofthe smart card
`chip to a USB format.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,801,956, incorporated byreference herein,
`entitled “Arrangement with a Microprocessor” describes an
`arrangementwith a microprocessor, particularly a micropro-
`cessor for use in a chip card. The arrangement includes a
`microprocessor, which is connected to at Icast a USB inter-
`faces and an ISO interface for exchanging data signals. A
`selection unit within the microprocessor may be configured to
`select between the USB and ISOinterfaces, and a switching
`unit within the microprocessor may be configured to subse-
`quently switch between the USB and ISOinterfaces byiniti-
`ating an internal reset of the microprocessor.
`International Patent Publication No. WO 01/96990,incor-
`porated by reference herein, entitled “USB-Compliant Per-
`sonal Key using a Smartcard Processor and a Smartcard
`
`Reader Emulator” describes a compact, self-contained, per-
`sonal key. The personal key comprises a USB-complian
`interface releaseably coupleable to a host processing device
`operating under commandof an operating system; a smart-
`card processor having, a smartcard processor-compliantinter-
`face of communicating, according to a smartcard input and
`output protocol; and an interface processor, communicatively
`coupled to the USB-compliant interface and to the smartcard
`processor-compliantinterlace, the interlace processor imple-
`menting a translation module for interpreting USB-complian
`messages inlo smartcard processor-compliant messages and
`for interpreting smartcard processor-compliant messagesinto
`USB-compliant messages.
`U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0236821, incorporated
`byreference herein, describes a body wearable personal net-
`work server device having a display, function keys, alarm
`output indicators, a disk drive to reccive and store clicnt’s
`data, and communication devices to communicateto its cli-
`ents, such as mobile phone, personaldigital assistant (PDA),
`personal computer, and notebook computer. A body wearable
`personal network device also containing software modules;
`such as a protocol handler to handle Internet based protocols
`XML/FTIP/HTTP/TCP/IP, diagnostic system to automati-
`cally transmit of notification messages to ils clients, and
`variousapplications to provide various services forits clients.
`A body wearable personal network device having gate way
`functionality between PAN (using BLUETOOTII wireless)
`
`
`and WLAN(using IEEE 802.11b).
`USS. Pat. No. 6,148,354, incorporated byreference herein,
`describes a flash memory device, containing one or more
`flash modules, in which the flash memory is mapped to the
`address space of an ASIC or a controller which has a USB-
`defined electrical interface and a USB-defined logical inter-
`face. This controller/ASIC (hereinafter termed a “contraller’’)
`supports the USB functionality according to the USB stan-
`dard, thereby supporting enumeration onto the USB bus, as
`well as data reception and transmission over USBpipesto and
`from USBendpoints. This controller also supports the func-
`tionality and controlofthe flash memory device,as well as the
`processing of command and data packets from the host con-
`troller. The host controller uses one of several possible pro-
`tocols, either standard or proprietary, to signal the next com-
`mand to be performed to the USBflash controller. Thus, the
`entire device acts as a dynamically attachable/detachable
`non-volatile storage device for the host platform. The primary
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 9 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 9 of 31
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`10
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`2
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`5
`6
`below were taken from World Wide Web at webopedia.com.
`function of the controller is memory management and to
`Someof the terms sct forth below maybe registered trade-
`directly interface between the host computing device and the
`marks (®).
`flash memory.
`ADPCMShort for Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modu-
`US. Pat. No. 6,763,399 (“Alladin”), incorporated byref-
`lation. ADPCMis a form ofpulse code modulation (PCM)
`erence herein, describes a portable device, for providing
`that produces a digital signal with a lower bit rate than
`smart card function(s), said portable device having thereon a
`standard PCM. ADPCM produces a lower bit rate by
`smart card chip, for performing said smart card function(s), a
`recording onlythe difference between samples and adjust-
`USBinterface, for connecting said portable device with said
`ing the coding scale dynamically to accommodate large
`host via USB protocol; and a microprocessor, for enabling at
`and small differences. Some applications use ADPCM to
`.
`_
`digitize a voice signalso voice and data can be transmitted
`least one function selected from the group consisting of con-
`simultaneouslyover a digital facility normally used only
`trolling the transfer of data between said USBinterface and
`for onc orthe other.
`said smart card chip, for converting data from a USB format
`AA Short for Advanced ‘lechnology Attachment. ALA is a
`to the format of said smart card chip and for converting dala
`disk drive implementationthatintegrates the controller on
`fromthe format of said smart card chip toa USB format.The 15
`the disk driveitself. ‘here are several versions ofAVA,all
`portable device is configuredto translate the USB communi-
`developed bythe Small Form Factor (SFF) Committee:
`cations from USBprotocol, into smart card protocol such as
`ATA: Knownalso as IDE, supports one or two hard drives,
`an ISO 7816 protocol, and from smart card protocol into USB
`a 16-bit interface and PIO modes0, 1 and 2.
`protocol and a smart card chip operative to performat least
`ATA-2: Supports faster PIO modes (3 and 4) and multi-
`one smart card function such as authentication, encryption, 20
`word DMA modes (1 and 2). Also supports logical block
`access control and secure memory.InAlladin, the term “smart
`
`
`addressing (LBA) and block transfers.ATA-2 is mar-
`card”refers to a plastic card with an embedded chip, which
`
`
`anesMi FastATA and Pananced IDE (EIDE).
`interacts with a smart card reader,
`‘A-3:
`Minorrevision to
`-2.
`ae
`.
`:
`Patent Publication WO01/61692, incorporated by refer-
`Ultra-ATA: Also called Ultra-DMA, ATA-33, and DMA-
`ence herein, describes a portable data storage device compris- 25
`33, supports multiword DMA mode 3 running at 33
`.
`:
`:
`:
`:
`MBps
`ing acoupling device forcoupling to a computerserial bus, an
`ATA6A version ofATA proposed by Quantum Corpo-
`interface device coupled to the coupling device, a memory
`control device and a non-volatile solid-state memory device; a
`AD
`7
`:
`:
`ration, and supported by Intel,
`that doubles ALA’s
`the memory control device being coupled betweenthe inter-
`throughput to 66 MBps
`40
`face device and the memorydeviceto controlthe flow ofdata ~~
`ATA/100: an undated oeion of ATA/66 that increases
`from the memorydeviceto the coupling device. The interface
`’
`:
`P
`°
`:
`:
`:
`:
`nar
`data transfer rates to 100 MBps.
`device comprises of a universalserial bus (USB)driver to
`ATAisalso called Parallel ATA. Contrast with Serial ATA
`convert data between a USB format and a PC format. Alter-
`7
`pee
`5
`natively, the interface device comprises ofa driver for IEEE 35 seeenorena81AEAphysical ionageiterfsoe
`.
`*
`.
`.
`.
`£
`aL
`.
`1394 (FireWire) protocol. The configuration as described is a
`Serial ATAis a serial link—a single cable with a mini-
`modular approach lo the memory management controller
`mumof four wires creates a point-to-point connection
`provided in the US. Pat. No. 6,148,354.
`.
`between devices. Transfer rates for Serial ATA begin at
`Patent Publication No. WO00/42491, incorporated byref-
`150 MBps. Oneof the main design advantagesofSerial
`erence herein, describes a cryptographic USB tokenas a 4,
`ATAis thatthe thinnerserial cables facilitate more effi-
`compact personal token, comprising: a USB-compliantinter-
`cient airflow inside a form factor and also allow for
`face releasably coupleable to a host processing device; a
`smaller chassis designs. In contrast, IDE cables used in
`memory; a processor, communicatively coupled lo the
`parallel ATA systemsare bulkier than Serial ATA cables
`memory and communicatively coupleable to the host pro-
`and can only extend to 40 cm long, while Serial ATA
`cessing device via the USB-compliantinterface, the proces- 45
`cables can extend up to one meter. Serial ATA supports
`sor for providing the host processing device conditional
`allATA and ATAPI devices. Source: World Wide Webat
`
`accessto data storable in the memory;andauserinputdevice, webopedia.com
`communicatively coupled to the processor bya path distinct
`AVI Short for Audio Video Interleave. AVIis thefile format
`from the USB-compliant interface”. The compact personal
`for Microsoft’s Video for Windowsstandard.
`tokenor keyas described includes a processor anda memory 5) BLUETOOTH wireless A wireless technology developed by
`which implementssoftware protection schemes to prevent
`Ericsson, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba that specifies how
`copying and unauthorized use. The personal key provides for
`mobile phones, computers and PDAsinterconnect with
`the storage and managementofdigital certificates, allowing
`each other, with computers, and with office or home
`the user to store all of his or her digital certilicales in one
`phones. The technology enablesdata connections between
`media that is portable from platform to platform. In another 5;
`electronic devices in the 2.4 GHz range at 720 Kbps(kilo
`embodiment, the personal key comprises a biometric sensor
`bits per second) within a 30-foot range. BLUETOOTH
`disposed to measure biometrics suchasfingerprint data. The
`wireless uses low-power radio frequencies to transfer
`biometric sensor measures characteristics ofthe person hold-
`information wirelessly between similarly equipped
`ing the key (such as fingerprints) to confirmthat the person
`devices. BLUETOOTHwireless wireless technologysup-
`possessing the keyis the actual ownerofthe key.
`ports ad hoc networking, enables devices from manydif-
`es
`-
`—
`ferent manufacturers to pair with each other and estab-
`GLOSSARY, DEFINITIONS, BACKGROUND
`lishes secure connections “on the fly’. It is good at real-
`time data in synchronous connected oriented mode, but
`requires relatively high power,
`so is unsuitable for
`The following terms may be used throughout the descrip-
`tions presented herein and should generally be given the 65—extremely small battery-powered applications.
`following meaning unless contradicted or elaborated upon by
`Byte A binary digital signal is essentially a string of ones and
`other descriptions set forth herein. Manyofthe definitions
`zeros—in other words, one voltage level or another, typi-
`
`60
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`
`Page 10 of 31
`
`PayPal Inc. v. IOENGINE, LLC
`IPR2019-00884 (US 8,539,047)
`Exhibit 2078
`Page 10 of 31
`
`

`

`US 7,762,470 B2
`
`15
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`20
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`7
`8
`authorized users or marking the content with a digital
`cally with no values in-between. Since having only two
`watermark or similar method so that the content can not be
`fingers (or onc, depending on howyoucount) is not a very
`freely distributed.
`useful means ofrepresenting a wide numberofvariables,
`[thernet A local-area network (LAN)architecture developed
`suchas letters of the alphabet, it soon became apparent to
`by Xerox Corporalion in cooperation with DEC andIntel
`bundle bils into bytes, such as eight bits to a byte. An 8-bit
`in 1976. Lthernet uses a bus or star topology and supports
`byte can represent 28=256 different values, generally
`
`
`data transfer rates of 10 Mbps. The Ethernet specification
`plenty for representing letters of an alphabet, numerals and
`
`
`served as the basis for the IEEE 802.3 standard, which
`special characters. When more different values are needed,
`specifies the physical an