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`Computer Security Series
`4B FFECAH 5AHEAI -@EJH
`Rolf Oppliger, Series Editor
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`12.3.3.
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`Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
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`12.4
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`12IA? 6@=O
`IPsec Today
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`6DA .KJKHA B 12IA?
`The Future of IPsec
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`5K=HO
`Summary
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`.KHJDAH 4A=@EC
`Further Reading
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`4ABAHA?AI
`References
`
`EIJ B )?HOI =@ )>>HALE=JEI
`List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
`
`)>KJ JDA )KJDH
`About the Author
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`1@AN
`Index
`
` "%
`247
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`247
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`
`0026
`
`
`
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`%
`Introduction 7
`
`
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`Application layer
`
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`Transport layer
`
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`Internet(IP) layer
`
`Data layer
`
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`
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`Figure 1.2 The TCP/IP layers.
`
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`layer-appropriate processing, strips off its header, and sends the message to
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`the next (upper) layer for further processing. Each layer views a message as
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`having twoparts: the layer’s header and “other stuff.” The other stuff gener-
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`ally is referred to as “data,” although in fact it generally contains a series of
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`upper-layer headers, followed by the message data destined for the application.
`
`
`1.1.1
`
`12 2=?AJI
`IP Packets
`
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`The overwhelming majority of packets that traverse the Internet today follow
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`the rules and the format defined by Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) [5]. A
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`new protocol, Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) [6-8], has been defined
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`and is deployed in limited portions of the Internet. The motivation for the
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`development of IPv6 was the predicted depletion of the IPv4 address space
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`due to the unanticipated increase in the Internet’s popularity and use. An
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`IPv6 address is 128 bits, as opposed to the 32 bits in an IPv4 address. Thatis
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`not the only difference betweenthe two versions. The designers of IPv6 took
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`advantage ofthe experience andlessons learned from the deploymentof IPv4
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`and redesigned many operational aspects, along with the header format. For
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`example, IPsec is a mandatory part of any IPv6 implementation, while it is
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`optional for [Pv4. The discussions in this text of the various features of IPsec
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`point out any differences between IPsec for IPv4 and IPsec for IPv6.
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`The headerthat is constructed or processed by the IP layer, referred to
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`as the IP header, differs somewhat depending on whetherit is an IPv4 header
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`or an IPv6 header. The IPv4 header formatis illustrated in Figure 1.3; its
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`compositefields are as follows:
`
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`e Version identifies the header as an I[Pv4 header.
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`e Hadr Lenis the IP headerlength.
`
`0027
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