`

`

`

`-
`
`-
`
`OTHER MCGRAW-HILL BOOKS
`OF INTEREST
`Benner Fibre Channel
`Best Phase-Locked Loops, Third Edition
`Bush Private Branch Exchange System and Applications
`Goldberg Digital. Techniques in Frequency Synthesis
`Goralski Introduction to ATM Networking
`Heldman Competitive Information Telecommunications
`Heldman Information TeleCTJmmunications Millenium
`Hughes Data Communications
`Inglis Video Engineering, Second Edition
`Jurgen Automotive Electronics Handbook
`Jurgen Consumer Electronics Handbook
`ISDN, Third Edition
`Kessler
`Lee Mobile Cellular TeleCTJmmunications, Second Edition
`Lee Mobile Communications Engineering, Second Edition
`Lenk Lenks Video Handbook, Second Edition
`Lindberg Digital. Broadband Networks and Services
`Logsdon Mobile Communication Satellites
`Macario Cellular Radio, Second Edition
`Robin and Poulin Digital. Television Fundamental.s
`Roddy Satellite Communications, Second Edition
`Rohde et al. Communication Receivers, Second Edition
`Simon et al. Spread Spectrum Communications Handbook
`Whitaker DTV
`Winch Telecommunication Transmission Systems
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1020, page 3
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`

`

`

`

`

`

`To Mom and Dad, who cultivated my deep sense
`of curiosity and wonder and illuminated the path of
`science and technology-the most curious and
`wondrous of subjects.
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1020, page 6
`
`

`

`CONTENTS ---
`
`Foreword
`
`Acknowledgments
`
`Chapter I
`
`Introduction
`
`What Is DVD?
`DVD-Video versus DVD-ROM
`Will DVD Succeed?
`What Does DVD Portend?
`Who Needs to Know About DVD?
`Music and Audio
`Music Performance Video
`Movies
`Training and Productivity
`Education
`Computer Software
`Computer Multimedia
`Video Games
`Information Publishing
`Marketing and Communications
`And More ...
`About This Book
`Units and Notation
`Other Conventions
`
`Chapter 2
`
`The World Before DVD
`
`A Brief History of Audio Technology
`A Brie~ History of Video Technology
`Captured light
`Dancing Electrons
`Metal Tape and Plastic Discs
`The Digital Face-Lift
`A Brief History of Data Storage Technology
`Innovations of CD
`
`vii
`
`xix
`
`2
`3
`4
`4
`6
`6
`6
`7
`7
`8
`9
`9
`10
`10
`10
`11
`12
`12
`14
`
`17
`
`18
`21
`23
`25
`27
`29
`32
`34
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`xii
`
`Contents
`
`Compatibility of MiniDisc and DVD-Video
`Magneto-optical Drives {MO)
`Advantages of DVD-ROM over MO
`Advantages of MO over DVD-ROM
`Compatibility of MO and DVD-ROM
`Digital Audio Tape {DAT)
`Advantages of DVD over DAT
`Advantages of DAT over DVD
`Compatibility of DAT and DVD
`
`Chapter 7
`
`DVD-Video at Home
`
`How to Hook Up a DVD Player
`Signal Spaghetti
`Connector Soup
`Audio Hookup
`Video Hookup
`Digital Hookup
`How to Get the Best Picture
`THX Certification
`Software Certification
`Hardware Certification
`To Buy or Not to Buy
`Extol the Virtues
`Beware of Bamboozling
`DVD Is to Videotape What CD Is to Cassette
`Tape
`Think of It as a CD Player That Plays Movies
`The Computer Connection
`On the Other Hand
`The DVD-Video Buying Decision Ouiz
`
`Chapter S
`
`DVD-Video in Business
`
`The Appeal of DVD
`The Appeal of DVD-Video
`The Appeal of DVD-ROM
`Sales and Marketing
`Training and Business Education
`Communications
`
`235
`235
`236
`237
`237
`237
`237
`239
`239
`
`241
`
`242
`242
`243
`244
`249
`251
`252
`252
`253
`254
`255
`255
`257
`
`258
`258
`258
`259
`259
`
`269
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`270
`272
`273
`274
`275
`276
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1020, page 13
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`

`

`xiv
`
`Appendix C
`
`References and Information Sources
`
`Glossary
`
`Index
`
`Contents
`
`387
`
`393
`
`430
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`Comcast - Exhibit 1020, page 14
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`

`

`r .
`
`.
`.
`!):
`
`FOREWORD
`
`"What is DV[) anyway?" This seemingly simple question can cause anyone
`who is knowledgeable on the subject of DVD to cringe. The question is
`much like "What is digital audio?" or "How does television work?" in that
`there is simply no meaningful short answei: But unlike those example~
`there have been no comprehensive reference materials to recommend on
`DVD-until now.
`The book you are about to read is an extensive analysis of the historical,
`technical, and practical aspects of DVD Far more than the traditional list(cid:173)
`ing of technical traits and numbers, DVD Demystified also presents a wealth
`of thoughts and opinions on issues surrounding the format, including a
`chapter on the perceived limitations of DVD And in addition to the cov(cid:173)
`erage of how consumers will use DV:q there is a discussion on applica(cid:173)
`tions for DVD-Video and DVD-ROM in the industrial world You will also
`find comparisons with other disc and tape formats, and even a novel sec(cid:173)
`tion to help you decide whether to buy a DVD-Video player or not
`The authoi; Jim Tayloi; is particulatly qualified to demystify DVQ not
`only because of his extensive experience with video and multimedia
`technologies but because he does not represent the DVD format in any
`official capacity In fact, his background as a battle-scarred technology
`user provides a perspective sorely needed by other potential users and
`interested parties who want an unbiased review of this remarkable but
`bewildering new format.
`The group of companies that is now known as the DVD Forum had at
`one time proposed that the "V" in DVD should stand for "versatile", in
`apparent recognition of the many ways the format can be put to use.
`Although few people seemed to applaud the "Digital Versatile Disc" as a
`catchy name, it does begin to describe the essence of DVD as the first
`packaged media format to embrace and standardize virtually all uses of
`digital storage from its inception. To illustrate this, consider the following
`attributes of DVD
`DVD is powerful. As you will discovei; DVD has the potential to affect
`almost everyone in any industry It is an inexpensive, robust, and
`portable communications medium that can contain a huge amount of
`information unthinkable only a few years ago. A single two-sided disc
`
`xv
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`1r
`-~
`~ r
`'
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`.
`
`1111111 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS W"'i'I ~
`
`My heartfelt thanks to those who encouraged and supported me in writ(cid:173)
`ing this book
`Many wonderful people spent time reading and commenting on my
`drafts: Kilroy Hughes, Dana Parkei; Julia Tayloi; Jerry Pierce, Steve Tuyloi;
`Robert Lundemo Aas, Chad Fogg, Roger Dresslei; Tristan Savatie:t; Ralph
`LaBarge, Van Ling, Andy Parsons, and Leo Backman, This book is much
`richer because of them.
`Thanks also to Peter Biddle at Microsoft, John Cook at Apple, Dave
`Schnuelle at THX, Mike Schmit at CompuCore, Geoffrey Tully, and others
`who took time to explain many things.
`I'm grateful to the helpful members of the alt.video.dvd Internet news(cid:173)
`group for posting enlightening comments, for asking so many questions,
`and for putting up with my questions. I'm grateful as well to the IMA
`DVD SIG members who have shared their knowledge.
`I'm indebted to all the generous people who made the sample disc pos(cid:173)
`sible: Skip Griffin, Jamie Cave, and David Newcomb at NB Digital, Randy
`Berg and Mark Lang at Rainmakei; Sandy Benedetto and Linda Toleno at
`Pioneei; Kim Yost and Susan Griffin at THX, Gene Radzik at Dolby, Scott
`Epstein at SHORJ; Bryan Rusenko at Crest National, and Vini Bancalari at
`Elite Entertainment.
`My thanks to Joe Clark at Videodiscovery for his support and under(cid:173)
`standing. Thanks to Steve Chapman at McGraw-Hill for answering yes
`more often than no. Special thanks to Fleischman and Arthm; who have
`been solidly supportive.
`And last, thanks to Microsoft for my mantra.
`
`xix
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`r f1
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`i:
`
`Introduction
`
`hapterOne
`
`e soundtracks,
`idvanced inter(cid:173)
`rrdomly selects
`he tempq and
`rse that slowly
`<e practice ses-
`view a proce(cid:173)
`)1. A cookbook
`then shows a
`ion. All this on
`:ver has to be
`
`er to distribute
`nd even Video
`pensive or spe(cid:173)
`;ill be available
`uters. Training
`ubiquity.
`
`lY one. Teachers
`)f pictures and
`ig to invest in
`-based instruc(cid:173)
`·rdisc players in
`with laser bar(cid:173)
`' by scanning a
`ieet. Computer
`m, but the ease
`l few bar codes
`h their compli(cid:173)
`roubleshooting
`
`1pted to replace
`that's so impor(cid:173)
`ty, high storage
`sor to laserdisc,
`: codes. Pioneei;
`.bination DVD/
`
`9
`
`laserdisc players which could allow schools to take advantage of DVD
`technology and still make the most of their investment in laserdiscs.
`And, even if DVD-Video is not widely adopted in education, DVD(cid:173)
`ROM will be. CD-ROM has infiltrated all levels of schooling from home
`to kindergarten to college and will soon segue to DVD-ROM as CD(cid:173)
`ROM drives are upgraded and new computers with built-in DVD-ROM
`drives are purchased, enabling truly interactive applications with the
`sensory impact and realism that can best stimulate and inspire inquisi(cid:173)
`tive minds.
`
`Computer Software
`
`CD-ROM is becoming the computer software distribution medium of
`choice. To reduce manufacturing costs, many software companies have
`begun shipping CD-ROMs in place of expensive and unwieldy piles of
`floppy disks. Yet some applications are too large even for the hundreds of
`megabytes of space on a CD-ROM. These include software libraries con(cid:173)
`taining dozens of programs which can be unlocked by paying a fee and
`receiving a special code; specialized databases with hundreds of millions
`of entries, and massive software products such as network operating sys(cid:173)
`tems and document collections. Phone books that used to fill six or more
`CD-ROMs now fit onto a single DVD-ROM. Companies that distribute
`monthly updates of large CD-ROM sets could ship free DVD-ROM drives
`to their customers and pay for them within a year with the savings on
`production costs alone.
`
`Computer Multimedia
`
`Many multimedia producers are stifled by the narrow confines of CD(cid:173)
`ROM and yearn for the wide open spaces and liberating speed of DVD(cid:173)
`ROM. The 1997 edition of Microsoft's Encarta encyclopedia has already
`overflowed onto two CD-ROMs but could expand for years more without
`filling up one DVD-ROM.
`In addition to space; DVD brings along high-quality audio and video.
`Many new computers have hardware or software decoders that can be used
`to play DVD movies on a computer. These DVD-enabled computers will be
`even more effective for realistic simulations, games, education, and "edu(cid:173)
`tainment." DVD will soon make blocky, quarter-screen computer video a
`distant, unhappy memory.
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`18
`
`Chapter Two
`
`A Brief History
`of Audio Technology
`
`In 1877, Thomas Edison recorded and played back the words "Mary had a
`little lamb" on tinfoil, presaging a profound change in the way we record
`events. Instead of relying on written histories and oral retellings, we
`began to capture audible information in a way that enabled us to replay
`the events later. Since then, we have worked continuously to improve the
`verisimilitude of recording. See Fig. 2.1.
`By the 1890s, 12-inch shellac gramophone discs that could play up to 41/2
`minutes of sound at 78 rpm had become popular. Radio followed soon
`aftei; with the first commercial broadcast in 1920. Acoustical recording
`(where sound vibrations were directly converted to wavy grooves in a wax
`disc) was replaced in the early 1920s by electrical recording (where sound
`vibrations were first converted to electrical° impulses which could be
`amplified and mixed before being used to drive an electromechanical
`cutting head). Performers no longer had to cluster around a latge horn
`which gave too much emphasis to the most powerful instruments and the
`loudest voices. Electrical techno1ogy was also applied to sound reproduc(cid:173)
`tion, resulting in the birth of the loudspeaker.
`Recording technology took a major leap in 1948 when the long-playing
`record (LP) was introduced by Columbia Records. New microgroove tech(cid:173)
`nology allowed 25 to 30 minutes of sound to fit on a 12-inch disc turning
`at the slow speed of 33 1/1 rpm. Columbia's LP was developed under the
`direction of Peter Goldman, who went on to develop the first commercial
`closed-circuit color television system. A year after the LP appeated, RCA
`Victor introduced a similat 7-inch disc which turned at 45 rpm and
`played for about 8 minutes. These two new record types quickly replaced
`the unwieldy 5-minute, 78-rpm records.
`Magnetic recording appeared in the laboratory in the 1890s, but did not
`become an actual product until about 1940. The first systems recorded
`onto a thin wire. Wire is still used today for airline black boxes but else(cid:173)
`where has been replaced by polyester tape with a thin coating of magnetic
`particles. A major advantage of storing electrical sound impulses using the
`alignment of magnetic particles is that the recording process is as easy as
`the reproduction process, and the same head can be used for recording
`and playback.
`Up to this point, sound recording had been monophonic, meaning it was
`recorded as a single-point source. The first patent on stereo sound was
`issued in 1931, but commercial stereophonic tape systems were not devel(cid:173)
`oped until 1956, with stereo phonographs following in 1958. These sys-
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`DVD Comparison
`
`215
`D-VHS has higher capacity than DVD (see the following section). Ev
`though the areal bit capacity of DV is significantly higher than D-V~
`DV tape is more narrow.
`'
`
`FEATURES. Beyond DV and D-VHS features of play; pause:, slow, fast
`steµ fast forward, and rewind, DVD adds instant access, search, men~
`interactivity; and more. Howevei; these features may not be provided b;
`all discs or supported by all DVD players.
`
`DURABILITY. Videotapes are subject to degradation from wear and
`stretching, erasure from magnetic fields, and damage from heat. Even
`though the very small tape width of DV makes it susceptible to stretching
`and dropouts, the digital data format and error correction largely compen(cid:173)
`sate. In comparison, discs never wear out, are impervious to magnetic
`fields, and are less susceptible to heat damage. Discs can be scratched, but
`as with CDs only large scratche.s will cause noticeable playback proble.ms.
`Even high-precision, semiprofessional videotape equipment can occa(cid:173)
`sionally eat a tape. It's possible that a DVD player could scratch a disc, but
`this is very rare.
`Videotape equipment is quite complex, with DV heads spinning at 9000
`rpm and hundreds of small components which can break down because
`of mechanical failure. DVD players have much simpler mechanisms.
`
`VIDEO. In VHS mode, D-VHS provides VHS video. In digital bitstream
`mode:, the video depends entirely on the digital source and may be better
`or worse than DVD
`
`AUDIO. DV provides one stereo track at.high quality (48 kHz, 16-bit) or
`two stereo tracks at slightly lower quality (48 kHz, 12-bit). DVD provides
`one stereo track at super-high quality (96 kHz, 24-bit), one 8-channel track
`at high quality (48 kHz, 16-bit}, or up to 8 tracks of 5.1-channel Dolby Dig(cid:173)
`ital surround or 5.117.l-channel MPEG-2 surround.
`In VHS mode, D-VHS provides standard VHS HiFi audio. In digital bit(cid:173)
`stream mode:, the audio depends entirely on the digital source.
`
`PRICE. Discs are cheaper than tapes and can be mass-produced faster
`and more easily than tapes. It's unlikely that DV will ever be used for pre(cid:173)
`recorded commercial video.
`At the time DVD was introduced, DV cameras and decks cost $3000 to
`$5000, and the professional DVCPro cameras and decks were more than
`$15,000. The prices of DV cassette tapes were $10 to $25. It's expected that
`recordable DVD discs will start at around $40 and eventually drop to $5 or
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`pVD-Video at Home
`
`249
`
`receivei; an amplifiei; a TV, or other audio system. Connectors may be
`labeled audiq left, or right. The connector for the left channel is usually
`white; and the connector for the right channel is usually red.
`In some cases, the audio input on the stereo system (such as a boom box,
`if it can be rightly called a stereo system) will be a phono or miniphono
`jack instead of two RCA jacks. An adapter cable must be used.
`If the player is a portable player with a miniphono connectoi; a phono
`to RCA adapter cable is usually required to connect the player to the
`audio system.
`If the player includes a phono or miniphono connector for head(cid:173)
`phones, it's generally not recommended that the headphone output be
`used to connect the player to a stereo system, since the line levels are not
`appropriate.
`
`AC-3 RF DIGITAL AUDIO. This digital audio output is provided by
`combfo.ation laserdisc/DVD players only The AC-3 digital audio signal
`from the FM audio track of a laserdisc is presented at this output.
`Laserdisc AC-3 audio does not appear at the standard PCM/ AC-3 output
`(although the stereo PCM audio track does). Audio from a DVD does not
`come out of the AC-3 RF output. In other words, this is a special output
`designed solely for the AC-3 signal from a laserdisc; which is in a different
`format from DVD's AC-3 signal.
`Hook a coax cable from the AC-3 RF output of the player to the AC-3
`RF input of the receiver or AC-3 processor. Make sure the receiving end is
`set to RF mode or can automatically adapt to an RF signal.
`In order to receive all audio signals from a combination laserdisc/DVD
`playei; three separate audio hookups are required: a PCM/ AC-3 connec(cid:173)
`tion (for DVD digital audio and laserdisc PCM digital audio), an AC-3 RF
`connection (for laserdisc AC-3 audio), and an analog stereo connection (for
`the laserdisc analog channels, which often contain supplemental audio).
`
`Video Hookup
`
`A DVD player must be connected to a video system: a television, a video
`projectoi; a flat-panel display, a video processoi; an A/V receiver or video
`switchei; a VCR, a video capture card, or other equipment capable of dis(cid:173)
`playing or processing a video signal. If you have a widescreen TV, the
`details can be confusing. See Chap. 3 for information about aspect ratios
`and widescreen display modes.
`Most DVD players provide two or three video hookup options, detailed
`in the following sections.
`
`.,
`
`'
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`DVD-Video at Home
`
`259
`.
`.
`clear how many people actually want to watch movies or m
`on their computei; but the mere potential to do so may be a u_sic .v~deos
`s1gmficant
`raw.
`d
`
`I
`
`}~1
`
`On the Other Hand
`
`To be faii; perhaps you don't need a DVD player. If you are ha
`. h
`the quality of your VCR or laserdisc playei; and your desire is no~f:~ ~:t d
`by the additional features, then DVD may not be in your cards. m e
`If DVD succeeds, then four or five. years down the road it will be
`ch~aper and have a much better selection of programs. You can always
`wait and reevaluate.
`There's also the consideration that DVD might not become all that it
`has been made out to be. After all of the hype, DVD has quite the set of
`proll1;ises to live UJ? to. If DVD does not establish a sufficiently large pres(cid:173)
`ence m the home, it may never generate a large catalog of titles. DVD must
`compete with digital satellite; digital cable, and eventually with HDTV
`broadcasts. And, it's possible that movie studios could decide that pay-per(cid:173)
`view distribution is more lucrative than DVD As with any new format,
`there's an element of risk in buying into it during the first few years.
`DVD is not perfect (see Chap. 5). The first players weren't even on the
`shelves before the designers were at work on the next generation. It's
`inevitable that new and improved versions of DVD will follow. At some
`point, an improved version of DVD designed for HDTV will be intro(cid:173)
`duced. These new players will be compatible with existing discs, but new
`discs with new features may not work-or may only partially work-on
`older players. Even if there are no major changes, the quality of players
`and discs will steadily improve. The early bird may get the worm, but the
`biggest worms don't come out until evening.
`
`The DVD-Video Buying Decision Quiz
`
`. This quiz can help you decide whether or not to get a DVD-Video player.
`Each answer will lead you to the next appropriate question. As you
`progress, you will accrue points. If you have strong feelings one way or the
`othei; feel free to increase or decrease the suggested number of points. If
`you are a laserdisc ownei; you may not wish to add poii:ts f<;>r features
`your laserdisc player already has. Your score at the end will give you an
`idea of how important the features and advantages of DVD are to you.
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1020, page 275
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`l
`
`pVD-Video at Home
`
`4. Do you have a
`laserdisc player?
`4a. Do you hate chang-
`ing disc sides in the
`middle of a movie?
`
`D No
`D Yes
`D No
`D Yes
`
`4b. Does the whirring
`noise of your player
`bother you?
`
`D No
`D Yes
`
`4c. Do you think laser-
`disc prices are too
`high?
`
`D No
`D Yes
`
`5. Do you buy prerecorded
`videotapes?
`
`D No
`D Yes
`
`5a. Do you buy used
`videotapes?
`
`D No
`D Yes
`
`6. Do you rent videotapes?
`
`D No
`D Yes
`
`263
`
`Go to question 5.
`Go to question 4a.
`Go to question 4b.
`DVD movies fit on one
`side. Add 2 to 4 points, de-
`pending on how much you
`hate it. Go to question 4b.
`Go to question 4c.
`Most DVD players are as
`quiet as CD players. Add 2
`to 4 points depending on
`how much it bothers you.
`Go to question 4c.
`Go to question 5.
`DVDs are generally as
`cheap or cheaper than
`videotapes. Add 3 points.
`Go to question 5.
`
`Go to question 6.
`DVDs may be cheaper.
`DVDs are more versatile
`and often contain goodies
`such as extra footage and
`audio commentary. DVDs
`are easier to store and will
`never wear out. Add 4
`points. Go to question 5a.
`Go to question 6.
`As long as it's not scratched,
`a used disc will look exactly
`as good as when it was new.
`Add 2 points. Go to
`question 6.
`
`Go to question 7.
`DVDs won't have a degraded
`picture from being rented
`over and over (although
`they may have occasional
`glitches caused by dirt or
`scratches). DVDs don't need
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1020, page 279
`
`

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`

`DVD-Video in Business
`
`273
`
`Fil Product catalog
`:;: Information kiosk, including product/service searches, traveler's aid,
`and way-finding
`>J Product training
`l'J Video tour or video brochure
`l2i "Video billboards"
`l2l Testing, including drivers' licenses and professional certification
`(e.g., real estate broker's license)
`ill Automobile navigation system
`t:i Ambient video and music
`El Emergency response information systems
`" Lecture support resources
`Ii> Repair and maintenance manual
`Iii! Medical informed consent information
`lll Patient information systems, home health special needs instruction
`iii! Language translation assistance
`
`Of course; DVD-Video also has its disadvantages when compared to
`other media. (The disadvantages of DVD-Video compared to DVD-ROM
`are covered in the next section.) Following are a few examples of material
`that may not be appropriate for DVD-Video:
`
`ro Documentation.
`(Not searchable, not easily read on TV:)
`Ii Video games.
`(Require dynamic interface with quick response.)
`l'1 Databases.
`(DVD-Video is not well suited for large amounts of text.)
`Ill Productivity applications.
`(Word processing, checkbook balancing, and
`so on can't be supported by DVD players.)
`ill Network applications.
`(DVD data rate is higher than what the average
`10-Mbps network can support.)
`l!i Textentry
`!II Constantly changing databases.
`
`The Appeal of DVD-ROM
`
`DVD-ROM has its own advantages over DVD-Video. Because a DVD-ROM
`can contain any sort of computer data and software; the possibilities are
`practically endless. DVD-ROM is appealing because of its increased capac-
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1020, page 288
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`

`J)VD for Computers
`
`""I ......
`
`'.
`
`295 ~~
`and convenience that keep consumers from engaging in
`-
`--·
`111
`of audio CDs and videotapes apply to DVD as well, with ora~_dupiication
`1thout com-
`plex technical copy protection schemes.
`When this book was written, these potential nightmar
`lously looming. It remains to be seen if the CSS licensing pr es Were nebu(cid:173)
`smoothly and unrestrictively as its creators hope, or if it su~ces~ works _as
`smothering the potential for DVD-Video on computers, or c~fe t~:nly _m
`system is castrated by workarounds, compromises, hacks, and g
`ent!fe
`and in short order rendered moot and inoffensive.
`ray markets
`
`DVD-Video Drivers
`
`Driver software is required for video and audio and possibly for DVD fl
`I/O When DVD-ROM computers are first released, the drivers will not~~
`built into the operating system and must be specially written for the
`hardware or software decoding system and supplied with the computer
`or the upgrade kit. For Windows, the drivers will be written for MCI
`(Multimedia Command Interface) or DirectShow. For MacOS, the drivers
`will be written for QuickTime. There's a definite danger that different
`drivers will work in slightly different ways and that they may have com(cid:173)
`patibility problems with programs written for other drivers. This has
`been the dismal state of affairs in the past. In spite of better operating sys(cid:173)
`tem support and better cooperation between vend.ors, it's overly opti(cid:173)
`mistic to hope for much better this time around.
`Eventually, the operating systems will catch up to the hardware. Then the
`authoring tools and applications will eventually catch up to the operating
`systems. Part of the problem is that the multimedia content of DVD. is
`streaming d:ita. Unlike traditional computer data-which can be read into
`memory in its entirety or in small chunks-audio and video data is contin(cid:173)
`uous and time-critical. In the case of DVO a constant st.ream of data must be
`fed from the DVD-ROM, split into separate streams, fed to decryptors,
`decoders, and other processors, combined with graphics and other computer·
`generated videq possibly combined with computer-generated audiq and
`then fed to the video display and audio hardware. This data stream, which
`can be monstrous when decompressed, may pass through the CPU and the
`bus many times on its trip from the disc to the display and the speakers. In
`order to make this process as efficient as possibl~ optimized low-level oper(cid:173)
`ating support is essential. Some operating systems such as Apple's MacOS
`with QuickTime already support streaming data. Others, such as Microsoft
`Windows, only support streaming data properly in the newest versions.
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1020, page 310
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`

`-
`
`•
`
`0.2-23
`
`0.3 (23)
`
`0.2-1.3
`
`0.3 (19)
`
`1.9-179
`
`29 (179)
`
`1.1-9.9
`
`24 (146)
`
`0.9-89
`
`0.9-85
`
`0.4-42
`
`1.4 (85)
`
`1.4 j85)
`
`0.7 (42)
`
`0.6-4.9
`
`0.5-4.7
`
`0.3-2.3
`
`1.2 (73)
`
`1.1 (69)
`
`0.6 (34)
`
`(1)
`
`7.6
`
`3.8
`
`3.6
`
`1.8
`
`29-274
`
`45 (274)
`
`1.7-15.2
`
`3.7 (224)
`
`11.6
`
`1.4-137
`
`2.2 (137)
`
`0.9-7.6
`
`1.8 (112)
`
`1.9-184
`
`3.0 (184)
`
`1.2-10.2
`
`25 (151)
`
`1.1-101
`
`1.6 (101)
`
`1.0-92
`
`0.5-50
`
`1.5 (92)
`
`0.8 (50)
`
`0.6-5.6
`
`0.6-5.1
`
`0.3-2.8
`
`1.3 (82)
`
`1.2 (75)
`
`0.6 (41)
`
`6.2-593
`
`9.8 (593)
`
`3.8-33.0
`
`8.0 (485)
`
`3.4-326
`
`5.4 (326)
`
`2.1-18.1
`
`4.4 (267)
`
`3.1-296
`
`4.9 (296)
`
`1.9-16.5
`
`4.0 (242)
`
`1.7-163
`
`27 (163)
`
`1.0-9.0
`
`2.2 (133)
`
`5.8
`
`7.8
`
`4.3
`
`3.9
`
`2.1
`
`25.0
`
`13.8
`
`12.5
`
`6.9
`
`(minutes)c hours"
`audio
`to,maximum
`
`maximum hours
`to
`audio
`Minimum Typical Mini.mum
`
`''(minutes).,, hoursb
`hours
`Typical
`
`8.54
`
`4.70
`
`J:>ytes
`
`·---·-·-"""'1~~;,.;~~~<=Ua ·<'•=-----·--------=----~·--
`
`'Mode l; 7 4 minutes (333,000 sectors). Audio/video times are for comparison only.
`"SS= single side, DS =double side, SL= single Iayei:; DL =dual layer.
`lowest Dolby Digital or MPEG2 data rate of 64 kbps.
`41v:l:inimum audio-only playback time at the highest single-stream PCM audio rate of 6.144 Mbps. Maximwn audio-only playback time at the
`'Typical audio-only playback time at the 2-channel PCM audio rate of 96 kHz and 20 bits (3.840 Mbps~
`0Minimum video playback time at the highest data rate of 10.08 Mbps. Maximum playback time at the MPEG-1 data rate of 1.15 Mbps.
`subpicture tracks at a combined average of 0.04 Mbps). Actual playing times can be much longer or shorter (see next cotwnni
`~Approximate video playback time; given an average data rate of 4.7 Mbps (1 video track at 35 Mbps, 3 audio tracks at 1.152 Mbps total, and 4
`
`0.682
`
`0.635
`
`SS/SL
`
`5.16
`
`258
`
`2.46
`
`1.23
`
`7.90
`
`3.95
`
`5.32
`
`2.92
`
`2.66
`
`1.46
`
`4.80
`
`2.40
`
`229
`
`1.15
`
`7.36
`
`3.68
`
`DS/SL
`
`SS/SL
`
`DSISL
`
`SS/SL
`
`DS/SL
`
`SS/SL
`
`4.95
`
`DS/DL
`
`2.72
`
`248
`
`1.36
`
`DSISL
`
`SSIDL
`
`SS/SL
`
`17.08
`
`15.90
`
`DS/DL
`
`9.40
`
`8.75
`
`DS/SL
`
`7.95
`
`SS/DL
`
`12
`
`12
`
`12
`
`8
`
`8
`
`12
`
`12
`
`8
`
`8
`
`8
`
`8
`
`12
`
`12
`
`12
`
`CD-ROM'
`
`DVD-RAM
`
`DVD-RAM
`
`DVD-R
`
`DVD-R
`
`DVD-R
`
`DVD-R
`
`DVD-ROM
`
`DVD-ROM
`
`DVD-ROM
`
`DVD-ROM
`
`DVD-ROM
`
`DVD-ROM
`
`DVD-ROM
`
`4.38
`
`SS/SL'
`
`12
`
`DVD-ROM
`
`II ~ '&t:'
`
`0
`N
`w
`
`(cm)
`ROM
`Width Sides/ Giga-Million xCD-
`
`layers
`
`bytes
`
`Format
`
`Capacities of DVD
`
`TABLEA.2
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1020, page 336
`
`

`

`

`

`. :~ ~ :·-i;xt=:~r-"'. fT'f. :) EtrtlLl'!l!!l "'-~-·-~~~-~-. --li?ll'iill' lll?FHT ••·-----· -----
`
`111 · JlitM'
`
`·ss =single si&; DD= Dolby DigitaL DS =double side, SL= single Iayei; DL =dual laye:r
`
`33
`
`45
`
`5A
`
`6]
`
`10,8
`
`135
`
`18J
`
`229
`
`27J
`
`543
`
`3.0
`
`41
`
`49
`
`6J
`
`9,8
`
`123
`
`16A
`
`20,8
`
`24.7
`
`423
`
`49A
`
`98,8
`
`l6
`
`22
`
`27
`
`33
`
`5,4
`
`6]
`
`9.0
`
`114
`
`135
`
`212
`
`27J
`
`543
`
`3263
`
`296A
`
`1610
`
`6144
`
`4608
`
`3840
`
`3072
`
`1920
`
`1536
`
`1152
`
`912
`
`768
`
`448
`
`384
`
`192
`
`64
`
`PCM 16148 multi (8 ch)
`PCM 24/96 stereo a ch)
`PCM 20196 srereo (2 ch)
`
`8 DD multi (8 x 5.1 ch)
`
`PCM 20/48 stereo (2 ch)
`
`PCM: 16/48 stereo (2 ch)
`
`3 DD multi (3 x 5.1 ch)
`
`MPEG maximum (7.1 ch)
`
`2 DD multi (2 x 5.1 ch)
`
`DD maximum (5.1 ch)
`
`DD multi (5.1 ch)
`
`DD stereo (2 ch)
`
`DD mono (1 ch)
`
`DSISL
`
`SS/DL
`
`SS/SL"
`
`kb!"
`
`Format
`
`No Video
`
`N
`N
`w
`
`Data Rates
`Times at Various
`Audio Playing
`
`TABLEA.5
`
`19
`
`4.6
`
`51
`
`5]
`
`6.9
`
`7,4
`
`80
`
`85
`
`8,8
`
`95
`
`9,6
`
`lOJ
`
`105
`
`21
`
`25
`
`28
`
`31
`
`18
`
`4J
`
`4A
`
`4.6
`
`4,8
`
`52
`
`53
`
`55
`
`5]
`
`l9
`
`23
`
`25
`
`28
`
`3,4
`
`3]
`
`4.0
`
`42
`
`4A
`
`4}
`
`4.8
`
`5,0
`
`52
`
`to
`
`12
`
`14
`
`15
`
`19
`
`20
`
`22
`
`23
`
`24
`
`26
`
`26
`
`27
`
`28
`
`6J
`
`82
`
`9,8
`
`123
`
`19]
`
`24]
`
`329
`
`4l6
`
`49.4
`
`84]
`
`98,8
`
`197.6
`
`5929
`
`46,6
`
`108]
`
`DS/DL
`
`DS/SL
`
`sSmL
`
`SS/SL
`
`'DS/DL
`
`+ AveragC-3.54 :Mbps-"YideO-
`
`: Playing time per disc (hours)
`
`Comcast - Exhibit 1020, page 338
`
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`

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`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

`

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`

`354
`
`Proscan
`See Thomson.
`
`AppendixB
`
`i,
`
`Quadrant
`Decoding hardware
`www.qi.com
`Quadrant International (QI), founded in 1994, is a leader in the conver(cid:173)
`gence industry, where consumer electronics, telephony, entertainment,
`and computers intersect. QI' s services include product technology licens(cid:173)
`ing, software design and implementation, systems engineering consult(cid:173)
`ing, and technological support services.
`Quadrant International, Inc.
`269 Great Valley Parkway
`Malvern, PA 19355
`610-251-9999, 800-700-0362, (fax) 610-695-2592
`
`Quasar
`See also Matsushita
`1707 North Randall Road
`Elgin, IL 60123
`708-468-5600, (fax) 708-468-5656
`
`Raytheon Senticonductor
`Semiconductors (TV encoders)
`www.raytheon.com/sd
`Raytheon Company is an international, high-technology company tha