`
`Paper No. ________
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`
`
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`___________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`________________
`
`Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
`
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`Cywee Group Ltd.
`
`Patent Owner
`
`Patent No. 8,552,978
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. §§311-319 AND 37 C.F.R. §42.100 ET. SEQ
`
`
`
`

`

`II.
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`COUNSEL & SERVICE INFORMATION ................................................................. 1
`NOTICE OF THE REAL-PARTIES-IN-INTEREST .................................................. 1
`NOTICE OF RELATED MATTERS ........................................................................... 1
`GROUNDS FOR STANDING ..................................................................................... 3
`STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED ................................................. 3
`THRESHOLD REQUIREMENT FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW ........................... 3
`I.
`INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 3
`A.
`Prosecution History and Issued Claims .................................................... 7
`CLAIM CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................. 10
`A.
`Claim 10—“spatial reference frame” ..................................................... 11
`B.
`Claim 10—“rotation output” .................................................................. 14
`GROUNDS ................................................................................................................. 14
`Ground 1. Claims 10 and 12 are obvious over Zhang in view of Bachmann ............. 14
`Overview of the Combination ................................................................ 15
`Rationale for the Combination ............................................................... 26
`Ability to Implement and Reasonable Expectation of Success .............. 33
`Graham Factors ...................................................................................... 34
`Claim Mapping ....................................................................................... 35
`Ground 2. Claims 10 and 12 are unpatentable over Liberty in view of
`Bachmann ......................................................................................................... 56
`Overview of the Combination ................................................................ 57
`Rationale for the Combination ............................................................... 64
`Ability to Implement and Reasonable Expectation of Success .............. 70
`Difference Between the Combination and Prior Discussion of
`Liberty .......................................................................................... 72
`
`
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`

`

`
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`Graham Factors ...................................................................................... 72
`Claim Mapping ....................................................................................... 73
`
`III. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 79
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`
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`

`

`
`
`TABLE OF EXHIBITS
`
`
`Exhibit No.
`1001
`
`Description
`U.S. Pat. No. 8,552,978 (“the ’978 patent”).
`
`1002
`
`1003
`
`1004
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`1005
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`1006
`
`1007
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`1008
`
`1009
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`1010
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`1011
`
`1012
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`
`
`Declaration of Professor Majid Sarrafzadeh.
`
`C.V. of Professor Majid Sarrafzadeh.
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,089,148 (“Bachmann”).
`U.S. Pat. App. Pub. 2004/0095317 (“Zhang”).
`U.S. Pat. 7,158,118 (“Liberty”).
`
`Return of Service for Cywee Group Ltd. v. Google, Inc., Case No. 1-
`18-cv-00571, (D. Del.).
`
`Return of Service for Cywee Group Ltd. v. Huawei Technologies
`Co., Inc. et al., Case No. 2-17-cv-00495, (E.D. Tex.).
`
`File History of U.S. Pat. App. 13/176,771.
`
`Joint Claim Construction and Prehearing Statement in Cywee Group
`Ltd. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al., Case No. 2-17-cv-00140,
`(E.D. Tex.).
`
`Exhibit E (Claim chart with of U.S. Pat. No. 8,552,978) to CyWee’s
`Complaint in Cywee Group Ltd. v. Google, Inc., Case No. 1-18-cv-
`00571, (D. Del.)
`
`Comparison between the Current Petition and Petition in IPR2018-
`01257
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd. (“Petitioner”) respectfully requests inter partes
`
`review under 35 U.S.C. §311 of claims 10 and 12 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,552,978 (“the
`
`’978 patent”). This Petition is being submitted concurrently with a Motion for
`
`Joinder. Specifically, Petitioner requests institution and joinder with Google LLC v.
`
`Cywee Group Ltd., IPR2018-01257 (“the Google IPR” or “the Google proceeding”),
`
`which the Board instituted on December 11, 2018. This Petition is substantially
`
`identical to the Petition in the Google IPR; it contains the same grounds (based on the
`
`same prior art combinations and supporting evidence) against the same claims. (See
`
`Ex. 1012, illustrating changes between the instant Petition and the Petition in
`
`IPR2018-01257.)
`
`COUNSEL & SERVICE INFORMATION
`Lead Counsel: Naveen Modi (Reg. No. 46,224). Backup Counsel: Chetan
`
`Bansal (Limited Recognition No. L0667). Service Information: Paul Hastings LLP,
`
`875 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005; Tel: (202) 551-1700; Fax: (202) 551-
`
`1705; E-mail: PH-Samsung-Cywee-IPR@paulhastings.com. Petitioner consents to
`
`electronic service.
`
`NOTICE OF THE REAL-PARTIES-IN-INTEREST
`The real-parties-in-interest are Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and Samsung
`
`Electronics America, Inc.
`
`NOTICE OF RELATED MATTERS
`The ’978 patent is asserted in the following matters:
`
`1
`
`

`

`
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. Google, Inc., Case No. 1-18-cv-00571, (D. Del.);
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. ZTE Corporation et al., Case No. 3-17-cv-02130,
`
`(S.D. Cal.);
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. HTC Corporation et al., Case No. 2-17-cv-00932,
`
`(W.D. Wash.);
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. Motorola Mobility LLC, Case No. 1-17-cv-00780,
`
`(D. Del.);
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. Huawei Technologies Co., Inc. et al., Case No. 2-
`
`17-cv-00495, (E.D. Tex.);
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. LG Electronics, Inc. et al., Case No. 3-17-cv-
`
`01102, (S.D. Cal.);
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al., Case No. 2-
`
`17-cv-00140, (E.D. Tex.);
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. Apple Inc., Case No. 4-14-cv-01853, (N.D. Cal.).
`
`Also, as noted above, the ’978 patent has been challenged in the Google IPR
`
`Proceeding. Petitioner has concurrently filed a motion to join this proceeding.
`
`Petitioner is also concurrently filing a petition challenging claims 1 and 3-5 of U.S.
`
`Patent No. 8,411,438 along with a motion to join Google LLC v. Cywee Group Ltd.,
`
`IPR2018-01258, which the Board instituted on December 11, 2018.
`
`
`
`2
`
`

`

`
`
`GROUNDS FOR STANDING
`The ’978 patent is available for inter partes review and Petitioner is not barred
`
`or estopped from requesting an inter partes review challenging the patent claims on
`
`the grounds identified in this Petition. Petitioner is not estopped because this Petition
`
`is accompanied by a Motion for Joinder, and is being submitted no later than one
`
`month after the institution date of the Google IPR. Under the Board’s current
`
`interpretation of the statute and rules, including 37 C.F.R. § 42.122(b), the time
`
`period set forth in § 42.101(b) does not apply to a Petition accompanied by a request
`
`for joinder.
`
`STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED
`Petitioner respectfully requests that claims 10 and 12 of the ’978 patent be
`
`canceled based on the following grounds:
`
`Ground 1: Claims 10 and 12 are obvious over Zhang and Bachmann.
`
`Ground 2: Claims 10 and 12 are obvious over Liberty and Bachmann.
`
`THRESHOLD REQUIREMENT FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`This petition presents “a reasonable likelihood that the Petitioners would
`
`prevail with respect to at least one of the claims challenged in the petition”, 35 U.S.C.
`
`§314(a), as shown in the Grounds explained below.
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`The present petition is supported by the declaration of Prof. Majid Sarrafzadeh
`
`(Ex. 1002). Professor Sarrafzadeh holds the title of Distinguished Professor of
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`3
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`

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`
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`Computeer Science
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`
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`& Electrrical Enginneering at
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`
`
`
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`the Univversity of
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`
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`Californiaa, Los
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`
`
`Angeles. Professorr Sarrafzaddeh’s CV iss included
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`
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`
`
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`
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`as Exhibitt 1003.
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`
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`Thhe ’978 patent relates to 3D poointing devvices. (Exx. 1001, TTitle). Thee ’978
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`patent deescribes thhe functionn of a 3D
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`pointing ddevice as ““detecting
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`motions oof the
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`
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`device annd translaating the ddetected mmotions to
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`a cursor
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`display suuch as a ccursor
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`
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`pointing
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`
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`on the scrreen…of aa 2D displlay device
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`
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`
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`….” (Ex.
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`1001, 1:3
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`1-33)(Ex.
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`1002,
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`
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`¶26). Foor examplee, a 3D poointing devvice couldd be a kindd of comp
`
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`
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`
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`uter mousse that
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`detects mmovementss and rotaations of thhe mouse
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`in three
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`
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`dimensionns, allowinng the
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`
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`movemennts and rootations to
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`
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`
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`be translaated into aactions on a computter. (Ex.
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`1001,
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`
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`1:52-61)((Ex. 1002,, ¶26). AAn examplee of such
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`a device 1110 (and aa correspoonding
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`
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`display 120) is showwn in Fig. 1 of the ’9978 patent,, reproduceed below:
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`4
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`
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`To keep track of the motions and rotations of a 3D pointing device, the ’978
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`patent proposes using three kinds of sensors: rotation sensors (for detecting the
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`angular velocity of rotation), accelerometers (for detecting axial accelerations), and
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`magnetometers (for detecting the local magnetic field). (Ex. 1001, Fig. 4)(Ex. 1002,
`
`¶27). These sensors are mounted in or on the 3D pointing device, and provide
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`information on the movements and rotations of the device. (Ex. 1002, ¶27).
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`The ’978 patent also purports to provide methods of using data output from the
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`rotation sensors, accelerometers and magnetometers to calculate the orientation of the
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`3D pointing device. (Ex. 1001, 4:15-57)(Ex. 1002, ¶28). The “orientation” of the
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`device (also called the “attitude” or “tilt” of the device) is the direction of the device,
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`e.g. the angles between the device and the axes of any given coordinate system.1 (Ex.
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`1001, 1:62-64)(Ex. 1002, ¶28). For example, Fig. 2 of the ’978 patent shows the
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`same device 110 in a different “orientation”, having been rotated about the x-axis by
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`90 degrees:
`
`
`1 Orientation may be expressed in a number of equivalent ways, such as with a
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`quaternion. (Ex. 1002, ¶¶30-32).
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`5
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`

`

`
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`(Ex. 100
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`
`
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`1, 2:11-14))(Ex. 10022, ¶28).
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`
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`Whhile the ’9978 patentt acknowl
`edges the
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`
`
`
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`existence of prior-
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`
`
`art 3D poointers
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`
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`using sennsors to detect and caalculate oriientation, tthe ’978 paatent critic
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`izes the sppecific
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`
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`devices mmentioned
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`
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`as allegeddly unable
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`
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`to calculatte orientatiion accurattely. (Ex.
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`
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`1001,
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`
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`2:41-3:522)(Ex. 10002, ¶33).
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`
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`The ’978
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`
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`patent puurports to
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`provide a
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`
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`solution tto the
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`
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`alleged ddeficiencies of the prrior art, byy using addditional sennsors and
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`the outpuut of the seensors to immprove thee accuracyy of the oriientation c
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`
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`“compensaating”
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`
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`alculation.. (Ex.
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`
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`1001, 1:222-27).
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`
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`Too “compennsate” the
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`
`
`
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`output oof the sennsors, the
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`
`
`
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`oses a ’978 pateent disclo
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`
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`mathemaatical methhod using qquaternionss. (Ex. 10001, 16:5 ett seq.)(Ex.
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`
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`1002, ¶344). As
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`
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`explainedd by Proffessor Sarrrafzadeh,
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`
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`a “quateernion” is
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`
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`a way tto represe
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`nt an
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`6
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`

`

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`vectors, aand can soometimes bbe used foor efficiennt calculati
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`on of rotaations.
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`
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`seen in FFig. 7, whhich is
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`
`) using a on angles)orientatioon (rotatio
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`
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`0-32). 1002, ¶¶30r. (Ex. 1four-valuued vector
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`
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`Quaternioon math ooperations
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`
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`
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`(such as mmultiplicatiion) are deefined diffferently thaan for
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`
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`
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`
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`standard
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`
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`(Ex. 10022, ¶¶30-322).
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`
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`A
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`
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`basic skettch of thee ’978 pateent methood can be
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`
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`
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`reproduc
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`
`
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`ed at rightt. The metthod of
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`
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`Fig. 7 oobtains mmeasured aangular
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`
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`
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`
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`velocitiess at step
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`715 (Ex.
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`1001,
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`16:27-300) and
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`measured
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`axial
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`
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`accelerattions in steep 725 (Exx. 1001,
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`
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`16:60-644).
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`
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` Thee methodd
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`
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`then
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`f axial
`calculates a prediccted set o
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`
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`
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`
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`accelerattions at sstep 730.
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`
`
` (Ex.
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`
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`1001, 177:2-9). Byy compariing the
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`
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`
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`actual annd predictted acceleerations
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`(step 7355), the meethod purpports to
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`
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`improve
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`the estimaate of orieentation
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`
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`(called
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`
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`the “updated statee (3rd
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`
`
`
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`quaternioon)” in boxx 735). (Exx. 1001, 188:25-55)(EEx. 1002, ¶¶34).
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`A. Prosecutiion Historry and Issuued Claimms
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`
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`7
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`

`

`
`
`This petition challenges independent claim 10 and dependent claim 12. As
`
`originally filed, claim 10 (then numbered claim 12), read as follows:
`
`“12. A method for compensating rotations of a 3D pointing device,
`comprising:
`
`generating an orientation output associated with an orientation
`of the 3D pointing device associated with three coordinate axes of
`a global reference frame associated with Earth;
`generating a rotation output associated with a rotation of the
`3D pointing device associated with three coordinate axes of a
`spatial reference frame associated with the 3D pointing device;
`and
`using the orientation output and the rotation output to generate
`a transformed output associated with a fixed reference frame
`associated with a display device.”
`
`(Ex. 1009, p. 044-045). The claim was thus directed to generating a rotation output
`
`(i.e. output of rotation sensors), calculating orientation output, and then somehow
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`“using” orientation output and rotation output to generate a “transformed output”.
`
`The Examiner initially rejected all original claims for double patenting, and as
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`anticipated or obvious over U.S. Pat. Pub 2009/0262074 to Nasiri. (Ex. 1009, pp.
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`071-089). The applicants responded by requesting an interview. (Ex. 1009, pp. 060-
`
`066). In the interview request, the applicants’ representative argued that Nasiri did
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`8
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`

`

`
`not teach using a global reference frame associated with Earth, and that Nasiri “only
`
`briefly talks about ‘magnetometers’” (Ex. 1009, pp. 060-066).
`
`The applicants then submitted an amendment. (Ex. 1009, pp. 040-055). In the
`
`amendment, the applicants modified claim 12 to add several limitations. First, the
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`applicants added language to claim 12 requiring generating signal sets associated
`
`with accelerometers and magnetometers. (Ex. 1009, pp. 044-045). Second, the
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`applicants specified that the “orientation output” must be “based on the first signal
`
`set, the second signal set and the rotation output or based on the first signal set and
`
`the second signal set”. (Id.). Third, the applicants specified that “the orientation
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`output and the rotation output is generated by a nine-axis motion sensor module”, and
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`that a “resultant deviation including a plurality of deviation angles” must be obtained
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`“using” a “plurality of measured magnetisms Mx, My, Mz and a plurality of
`
`predicted magnetism Mx’, My’ and Mz’ for the second signal set.” (Id.).
`
`Following the amendment, the Examiner allowed the claims without further
`
`comment. (Ex. 1009, pp. 024-027). As issued, independent claim 10 reads as
`
`follows:
`
`“10. A method for compensating rotations of a 3D pointing device,
`comprising:
`
`generating an orientation output associated with an orientation
`of the 3D pointing device associated with three coordinate axes of
`a global reference frame associated with Earth;
`
`9
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`

`

`
`
`generatinq [sic] a first signal set comprising axial accelerations
`associated with movements and rotations of the 3D pointing
`device in the spatial reference frame;
`generating a second signal set associated with Earth’s
`magnetism;
`generating the orientation output based on the first signal set,
`the second signal set and the rotation output or based on the first
`signal set and the second signal set;
`generating a rotation output associated with a rotation of the
`3D pointing device associated with three coordinate axes of a
`spatial reference frame associated with the 3D pointing device;
`and
`using the orientation output and the rotation output to generate
`a transformed output associated with a fixed reference frame
`associated with a display device, wherein the orientation output
`and the rotation output is generated by a nine-axis motion sensor
`module;
`obtaining one or more resultant deviation including a plurality
`of deviation angles using a plurality of measured magnetisms Mx,
`My, Mz and a plurality of predicted magnetism Mx’, My’ and
`Mz’ for the second signal set.”
`
`II. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
`“A claim in an unexpired patent shall be given its broadest reasonable
`
`construction in light of the specification of the patent in which it appears”. 37 C.F.R.
`
`§42.100(b); Cuozzo Speed Techs., LLC v. Lee, 195 L. Ed. 2d 423 (2016). For this
`
`10
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`

`

`
`proceeding, claim terms are presumed to take on their broadest reasonable ordinary
`
`meaning, which is explained in certain instances below. 2 The constructions below
`
`are for the purpose of this petition only, and Petitioner reserves the right to change
`
`these constructions as appropriate in future proceedings, including Cywee Group Ltd.
`
`v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al., Case No. 2-17-cv-00140 (E.D. Tex.).
`
`Petitioner also does not concede, by seeking this petition, that the challenged claims
`
`are of definite scope or properly described under 35 U.S.C. §112.
`
`A. Claim 10—“spatial reference frame” and similar terms
`Claim 10 uses the phrases “spatial reference frame” and “spatial reference
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`frame associated with the 3D pointing device”. These phrases should be interpreted
`
`to mean “a reference frame associated with the 3D pointing device, which always has
`
`its origin at the same point in the device and in which the axes are always fixed with
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`respect to the device”. (Ex. 1002, ¶37).
`
`The ’978 patent states as follows concerning the spatial reference frame:
`
`2 While the claim construction standard has changed from BRI to Phillips for
`
`petitions filed after November 13, 2018, the Board should apply the BRI standard to
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`the instant petition because Samsung is simply seeking joinder as a co-petitioner to
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`the Google proceeding. If the Board deems that its rule(s) require application of the
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`Phillips standard to this petition, Samsung seeks waiver of such rule(s) pursuant to 37
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`C.F.R. § 42.5(b).
`
`11
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`, such as tthe spatiall pointer rreference
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`nce frameswo referen“TThere are tw
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`
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`fraame and tthe displayy frame, asssociated wwith the ppointing deevice 110
`frame or
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`
`
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`and the dispplay devicee 120, resppectively.
` The first
`reference
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`
`
`
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`
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`spaatial pointeer referencce frame asssociated wwith the poointing devvice 110 is
`1.”
`
`
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`
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`wn in FIG. defined by thhe coordinaate axes XPP, YP and ZZP as show
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`
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`Thus, the 02, ¶40). Td)(Ex. 100asis added45)(Emph(Ex. 10001, 1:39-1:
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`“spatial p
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`ointer
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`re 1 is ig. 1. Figurreferencee frame” iss shown byy the coorddinate axess XP, YP annd ZP in Fi
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`
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`reproduced here:
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`(Ex. 10022, ¶41). AAs can be sseen from
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`
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`Fig. 1, thee spatial poointer referrence framme is a
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`referencee frame asssociated wiith the 3D
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`
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`1-45).
`in the devvice. (Ex. 1002, ¶¶4
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`
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`
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`pointing ddevice, whiich has its
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`origin at aa point
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`12
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`the axes Xs rotated, te device is2, when then in Fig. 2, as shownFuurthermore, XP, YP
`
`
`
`and ZP rootate with
`
`
`
`the devicee. (Ex. 10002, ¶¶45-446). Figurure 2 is repproduced bbelow,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`and showws a 90-deegree roll oof the deviice, with ccorresponddingly rotatted axes YYP and
`
`ZP:
`
`
`
`
`
`origin frame, the oreference fal pointer rn the spatiat reason, in). For that(Ex. 10022, ¶¶42-43
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`and axess of the fraame stay ffixed with
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`respect too the devicce. (Ex. 11002, ¶¶422- 46).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Note thaat the ’9788 patent treeats each
`
`
`
`of the phrrases “spaatial referennce framee” and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“spatial ppointer refference framme” as refferring to aa device-ceentered fraame of refeerence
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`analogouus to the XXP, YP and
`
`ZP axes.
`
`
`
`(Ex. 1001,, 9:19-20,
`
`
`
`1:39-47, 33:6-7)(Ex.
`
`1002,
`
`
`
`¶39-42). Because ““spatial refference fraame” alreaddy refers too a frame wwith its oriigin in
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`the devicce, the longger phrase
`
`
`
`
`
`“spatial reeference fraame associiated with
`
`
`
`
`
`the 3D po
`
`inting
`
`13
`
`

`

`
`device” has the same meaning, as CyWee concedes. (Ex. 1002, ¶¶38-41; Ex. 1010, p.
`
`2).
`
`Thus, the phrases “spatial reference frame” and “spatial reference frame
`
`associated with the 3D pointing device” should both be interpreted to mean “a
`
`reference frame associated with the 3D pointing device, which always has its origin at
`
`the same point in the device and in which the axes are always fixed with respect to
`
`the device” (Ex. 1002, ¶¶37-47). Cywee agreed to these constructions during a co-
`
`pending litigation. (Ex. 1010, p. 2).
`
`B. Claim 10—“rotation output”
`Claim 10 uses the phrase “rotation output”. In the specification, the ’978
`
`patent makes clear that the rotation output is the output of a rotation sensor (a sensor
`
`that detects rotation). For example, the ’978 patent states:
`
`“The rotation sensor generates a rotation output associated with a
`rotation of the 3D pointing device associated with three coordinate axes
`of a spatial reference frame associated with the 3D pointing device.”
`
`(Ex. 1001, 7:61-64)(Emphasis added)(Ex. 1002, ¶50).
`
`Thus, “rotation output” should be interpreted in accordance with the
`
`specification as “output of a rotation sensor”. (Ex. 1002, ¶¶48-52).
`
`GROUNDS
`Ground 1. Claims 10 and 12 are obvious over Zhang in view of Bachmann.
`
`14
`
`

`

`
`
`Claims 10 and 12 are unpatentable as obvious over U.S. Pat. App. Pub.
`
`2004/0095317 (“Zhang”)(Ex. 1005),
`
`in view of U.S. Pat. No. 7,089,148
`
`(“Bachmann”)(Ex. 1004).
`
`Zhang was published on May 20, 2004, and is thus prior art under pre-AIA 35
`
`U.S.C. §102(b). Bachmann issued on August 8, 2006, and is thus also prior art
`
`under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. §102(b). Zhang and Bachmann are analogous art, because
`
`they are in the same field and reasonably related to the problems facing the named
`
`inventors, as shown by the discussion below.
`
`Neither Zhang nor Bachmann are listed as prior art of record on the face of the
`
`’978 patent.
`
`Overview of the Combination
`Claim 10 is directed to a method for compensating rotations of a 3D pointing
`
`device. The combination of Zhang and Bachmann, broadly speaking, uses Zhang’s
`
`3D pointing device together with Bachmann’s extra sensors and method for
`
`compensating rotations.
`
`Zhang teaches a “a handheld pointing device” that is used for a “computer
`
`pointing control system”. (Ex. 1005, Abstract)(Ex. 1002, ¶53). Such a computer
`
`pointing control system is shown, for example, in Fig. 2 of Zhang (reproduced
`
`below), where the handheld device (a 3D pointer) has reference numeral 100:
`
`15
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`g’s device Insside Zhang
`
`
`
`
`
`100, theree are severaal sensors
`
`
`
`
`
`that detec
`
`
`
`t the orienntation
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`of the devvice. Zhanng explainss:
`
`computer
`
`
`
`“AA universaal pointingg control
`
`
`system foor televisiions and
`
`
`The systeem is commprised of
`a remote
`handheld
`
`
`dissplays is ddisclosed.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`devvice, a dispplay control unit andd a commaand deliverry unit. Thhe remote
`
`
`
`
`
`hanndheld devvice includdes a set oof orientaation sensoors that ddetect the
`
`
`
`
`
`deevice’s currrent orienntation.”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4). x. 1002, ¶54(Ex. 10055, ¶0008)(EEmphasis added)(Ex
`
`16
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`he device oses that thZhhang disclo
`
`
`100 has s
`
`
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`several difffferent orieentation se
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`nsors.
`
`
`
`The orienntation sennsors are aarranged onn a circuit
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`board in tthe housinng of the ddevice,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`as shownn in Fig.
`
`
`
`3 of Zhaang,
`
`
`
`. 3, reproduced at righht. In Fig
`
`
`
`
`numeral
`
`160 is the
`
`
`
`circuit boaard,
`
`while nu
`
`
`merals 1200 and 130
`
`are
`
`sensors.
`
`
`
` (Ex. 10055, ¶0025)((Ex.
`
`
`
`
`
`1002, ¶¶555-56). Nuumeral 1200 is
`
`
`
`
`
`“a
`
`
`
`two--axis maagnetic
`
`
`
`
`
`fiield
`
`
`
`sensor 1120 [that] is used
`
`
`
`to
`
`
`
`detect thhe device’’s orientattion
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`relative tto the direction of
`
`
`
`the
`
`
`
`earth’s mmagnetic fieeld 25.” (EEx. 1005, ¶¶0026)(Ex.
`
`
`
`
`
` 1002, ¶¶557-58). Nuumeral 1300 is an
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“acceleroometer sennsor 130 [[that] conttains two
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`orthogonaally arrangged accele
`
`
`
`ration
`
`
`
`detectorss.” (Ex. 1005, ¶0027))(Ex. 10022, ¶¶57-58)). Numeraal 110 is a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`microconttroller
`
`
`
`
`
`for performing calcculations. (Ex. 1005,, ¶0025)(Exx. 1002, ¶559).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`system diaagram of ZZhang’s devvice 100 iss shown inn Fig. 5, repproduced bbelow
`
`
`
`
`
`A
`
`at right.
`
`
`
` (Ex. 10055, ¶0029)((Ex. 1002,
`
`
`
`¶59). In
`
`
`
`Fig. 5, thee two setss of two seensors
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(magnetoometers 1220 and acccelerometters 130)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner has placced a red-ddashed boxx around tthe numer
`
`
`
`
`
`are showwn on thee left sidee (the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`als 120 annd 130).
`
`These
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`17
`
`

`

`
`sensors
`
`
`
`output siggnals to ccircuits
`
`
`
`1-134.
`4 and 13111-112, 121-124
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(Ex. 10005, ¶0029)((Ex. 1002,, ¶60).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`These cirrcuits conddition the
`
`
`
`sensor
`
`
`
`output, cconvert it tto digital fformat,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`and passs the digiital data tto the
`
`
`
`
`
` (Ex.
`microconntroller (MMCU) 110.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1005, ¶0029)(Ex. 11002, ¶60)). The
`
`
`
`MCU 1110 determinnes the deevice’s
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`orientatioon, includiing azimutth and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`inclinatioon angles ((yaw and ppitch).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(Ex. 10005, ¶0029)((Ex. 1002,, ¶60).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`These anngles are shhown in Figgs. 4(a) annd 4(b), repproduced bbelow.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`18
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`(Ex. 10022, ¶58). AAfter Zhangg’s device
`
`
`
`
`
`calculates
`
`
`
`its own orrientation,
`
`
`
`Zhang’s syystem
`
`
`
`
`
`translatess those anggles into a
`
`
`
`
`
`display coommand (ee.g. movinng a cursorr), by transslating
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`the anglees into screeen coordinnates. (Ex.. 1005, ¶¶00024, 00300)(Ex. 10022, ¶60).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Zhhang’s primmary emboodiment haas a four-axxis sensor
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`module (ccompared
`
`to the
`
`
`
`“nine-axiis sensor mmodule” reequired by
`
`
`
`
`
`claim 10)
`
`
`
`. Zhang eexplains thhat more seensors
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`can be uused, and tthat differeent kinds oof sensors
`
`
`
`
`
`can be ussed. For eexample, ZZhang
`
`
`
`
`
`19
`
`

`

`
`states that gyro sensors (angular rate sensors that measure “rotation output”) could be
`
`used:
`
`“The orientation sensors’ mechanisms are shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
`The orientation sensor demonstrated in FIG. 4a is a magnetic field
`sensor, whereas the one in FIG. 4b is an accelerometer sensor.
`However, the orientation detection may not be limited to these types
`of sensors. Other sensors, for example, a gyro sensor, can also be
`used in the pointing control system.”
`
`(Ex. 1005, ¶0026)(Emphasis added)(Ex. 1002, ¶61). Zhang also mentions that
`
`accelerometers, magnetometers and gyro (angular rate) sensors can be used in
`
`combination. (Ex. 1005, ¶¶0006, 0026, claim 2)(Ex. 1002, ¶62).
`
`Bachmann, in turn, provides an example of a nine-axis sensor system that
`
`combines accelerometers, magnetometers and angular
`
`rate detectors
`
`(e.g.
`
`gyroscopes), as suggested by Zhang. Bachmann, for example, states:
`
`the magnetometers
`and
`embodiment,
`sensor
`another
`“In
`accelerometers are supplemented with angular rate detectors
`configured to detect the angular velocity of the sensor (comprising so-
`called Magnetic, Angular Rate, Gravity (MARG) sensors). Each MARG
`sensor
`contains
`angular
`rate detectors,
`accelerometers,
`and
`magnetometers.”
`
`20
`
`

`

`
`4, 7:34-41
`
`(Ex. 100
`
`
`
`)(Emphasiis added)(EEx. 1002,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`¶64). In BBachmannn’s system,, each
`
`
`
`ystem (3 se entire symaking thes sensor, ma three-axitype of ssensor is a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ensor typees x 3
`
`
`
`axes per type) a ninne-axis system. (Ex. 1002, ¶65
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`).
`
`
`
`Baachmann teeaches commbining seensor data uusing an aattitude esttimation fillter to
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`produce aan estimatee of the oriientation oof a trackedd object. BBachmann
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`explains:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`inputs are from a thhree-axis aacceleromeeter (h1 h22 h3) 31, a
`
`“[TT]he filter
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`gular rate nd a threee-axis angthrree-axis mmagnetomeeter (b1 b22 b3) 32, an
`
`
`sennsor (p, qq, r) 33.
`
`
`
`
`Its outputt is a quaaternion reepresentatioon of the
`
`orientation oof the traccked objecct q̂ 39.”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`es the n thus takeBachmann2, ¶66). Bd)(Ex. 1002asis added14)(Empha(Ex. 10004, 10:10-1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`output of acceleroometer, maagnetometeer and anngular ratee sensors,
`
`and uses
`
`these
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`sensor ouutputs to caalculate ann orientatioon of a trackked devicee. (Ex. 10002, ¶67).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Too calculatee the orieentation frrom sensoor inputs,
`
`
`
`
`
`Bachmann uses a
`
`filter.
`
`
`
`Bachmannn’s
`
`
`
`filterr mirrorss
`
`
`
`the
`
`claimed
`
`
`
`calculationns of the
`
`’978
`
`patent.
`
`
`
`
`
`(Ex. 1002, ¶68).
`
` A
`
`
`
`control ddiagram oof Bachmmann’s
`
`
`
`
`
`ig. 3,
`filter proocess is shhown in F
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`reproduced at rigght, wheree the
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitione
`
`
`
`
`r has drawwn a red-daashed
`
`21
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`box around the output, q̂ , in tthe lower rright.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(Ex. 10004, Fig. 3)(Ex. 1002, ¶68). TThe output
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`q̂ is a quuaternion rrepresentinng the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`orientatioon of the trracked objeect in space. (Ex. 10004, 10:10--14)(Ex. 10002, ¶68).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Baachmann’s
`
`
`
`filter as shhown in Fiig. 3 receivves inputs
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`from threee sets of seensors
`
`
`
`
`
`(acceleroometers, mmagnetometters and anngular-ratee sensors) mmarked 311, 32 and 333, on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`the left siide of Fig. 3. These sensors aree shown inn red-dasheed boxes, bbelow:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(Ex. 10022, ¶69).
`
`
`
`
`
`Thhe output oof the anguular rate seensors (33)) is used too calculatee the orienntation
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`of the deevice q̂ . Thhe calculattion is showwn in the bboxes alonng the red--dashed linne that
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`has been added to tthe lower pportion of FFig. 3, beloow:
`
`
`
`22
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`(Ex. 100
`
`
`
`2, ¶70). Inn the figurre, the outpput of the
`
`
`
`
`
`angular raate sensorss (33) is a
`
`
`
`set of
`
`
`
`measuredd angular
`
`
`
`rates of rrotation (p, q, r) aboout three
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`axes. (Exx. 1004, 110:10-
`
`
`
`
`
`14)(Ex. 11002, ¶70). These raates are connverted, in n box 37, too a rate quaaternion q̇ .. (Ex.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1004, 10:15-36)(Exx. 1002, ¶770). To thee rate quatternion q̇ iss added a ccorrection
`
`
`
`
`
`factor
`
`q̇ ε (which
`h will be
`
`explained
`
`
`
`below), too yield a
`
`corrected
`
`
`
`rate quateernion
`
`.
`
` (Ex.
`
`
`
`1004, 100:15-65)(EEx. 1002,
`
`
`
`¶¶70-74).
`
`
`
`nion te quatern The corrrected rat
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` iss then
`
`
`
`integratedd in box 422 and normmalized to
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`a unit lenggth in box 443, to yieldd the orienntation
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`quaternioon at the ouutput, q̂ . (EEx. 1004, 10:15-65)((Ex. 1002,
`
`
`
`¶¶70-74).
`
`23
`
`

`

`
`
`Bachmann’s filter shown in Fig. 3 takes advantage of extra sensor
`
`measurements from the accelerometers and magnetometers via the previously-
`
`mentioned correction factor, q̇ ε. Bachmann calculates this correction factor q̇ ε in
`
`steps 34-41 of Fig. 3. There, Bachmann first obtains actual sensor measurements
`
`from the accelerometers3 (31) and magnetometers (32), forming a six-valued
`
`measurement vector (h1 h2 h3 b1 b2 b3), as shown in box 34. (Ex. 1004, 10:10-14,
`
`3:13-17, 8:47-51)(Ex. 1002, ¶72). These six measurement values include three
`
`measurements of acceleration along the X, Y and Z axes of the sensors, and three
`
`measurements for magnetism, also along the X, Y and Z axes of the sensors. (Id.).
`
`The six actual measurements are then compared to six predicted measurements found
`
`in the vector y̅ (q̂ ), by subtracting the predicted measurements y̅ (q̂ ) from the actual
`
`measurements (h1 h2 h3 b1 b2 b3). (Ex. 1004, 8:63-9:18, 17:12-22)(Ex. 1002, ¶72).
`
`This forms a six-valued error vector ε̅(q̂ ), numbered 36. (Ex. 1004, 17:12-22, 9:9-
`
`14)(Ex. 1002, ¶72).
`
`The six-valued error vector ε̅(q̂ ) is essentially a measure of how actual
`
`accelerometer and magnetometer measurements differ from what the filter predicts
`
`those measurements should be based on the angular rate sensor output. (Ex. 1004,
`
`17:12-22, 9:9-14)(Ex. 1002, ¶73). The difference ε̅(q̂ ) is utilized in boxes 38 and 41.
`
`3 The accelerometer measurements are first low-pass filtered to remove sudden
`
`accelerations. (Ex. 1004, 8:12-20)(Ex. 1002, ¶125).
`
`