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`Paper No. ________
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`
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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`___________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`________________
`
`Google LLC
`Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
`
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`Cywee Group Ltd.
`
`(record) Patent Owner
`
`IPR2018-01257
`Patent No. 8,552,978
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. §§311-319 AND 37 C.F.R. §42.100 ET. SEQ
`
`2
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1012
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`Page 1 of 88
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`1
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`II.
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`TABLE OF EXHIBITS ................................................................................................ 4
`NOTICE OF LEAD AND BACKUP COUNSEL ..... 5 & SERVICE INFORMATION
`NOTICE OF THE REAL-PARTIES-IN-INTEREST ................................................ 51
`NOTICE OF RELATED MATTERS ......................................................................... 51
`NOTICE OF SERVICE INFORMATION ................................................................... 6
`GROUNDS FOR STANDING ................................................................................... 63
`STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED ............................................... 73
`THRESHOLD REQUIREMENT FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW ......................... 73
`I.
`INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 73
`A.
`Prosecution History and Issued Claims ................................................ 117
`CLAIM CONSTRUCTION.......................................................................... 1410
`A.
`Claim 10—“spatial reference frame” ................................................. 1411
`B.
`Claim 10—“rotation output” .............................................................. 1814
`GROUNDS ............................................................................................................. 1814
`Ground 1. Claims 10 and 12 are obvious over Zhang in view of Bachmann ......... 1814
`Overview of the Combination ............................................................ 1915
`Rationale for the Combination ........................................................... 3026
`Ability to Implement and Reasonable Expectation of Success .......... 3733
`Graham Factors .................................................................................. 3934
`Claim Mapping ................................................................................... 3935
`Ground 2. Claims 10 and 12 are unpatentable over Liberty in view of
`Bachmann ..................................................................................................... 6056
`Overview of the Combination ............................................................ 6157
`Rationale for the Combination ........................................................... 6864
`Ability to Implement and Reasonable Expectation of Success .......... 7470
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`2
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`Difference Between the Combination and Prior Discussion of
`Liberty ...................................................................................... 7672
`Graham Factors .................................................................................. 7672
`Claim Mapping ................................................................................... 7773
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`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................... 84
`CERTIFICATE OF WORD COUNT ......................................................................... 85
`III. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 79
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`3
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`TABLE OF EXHIBITS
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`
`Exhibit No.
`1001
`
`Description
`U.S. Pat. No. 8,552,978 (“the ’978 patent”).
`
`1002
`
`1003
`
`1004
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`1005
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`1006
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`1007
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`1008
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`1009
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`1010
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`1011
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`
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`Declaration of Professor Majid Sarrafzadeh.
`
`C.V. of Professor Majid Sarrafzadeh.
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,089,148 (“Bachmann”).
`U.S. Pat. App. Pub. 2004/0095317 (“Zhang”).
`U.S. Pat. 7,158,118 (“Liberty”).
`
`Return of Service for Cywee Group Ltd. v. Google, Inc., Case No. 1-
`18-cv-00571, (D. Del.).
`
`Return of Service for Cywee Group Ltd. v. Huawei Technologies
`Co., Inc. et al., Case No. 2-17-cv-00495, (E.D. Tex.).
`
`File History of U.S. Pat. App. 13/176,771.
`
`Joint Claim Construction and Prehearing Statement in Cywee Group
`Ltd. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al., Case No. 2-17-cv-00140,
`(E.D. Tex.).
`
`Exhibit E (Claim chart with of U.S. Pat. No. 8,552,978) to CyWee’s
`Complaint in Cywee Group Ltd. v. Google, Inc., Case No. 1-18-cv-
`00571, (D. Del.)
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`1012
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`Comparison between the Current Petition and Petition in IPR2018-
`01257
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`2
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`Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd. (“Petitioner”) respectfully requests inter partes
`
`review under 35 U.S.C. §311 of claims 10 and 12 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,552,978 (“the
`
`’978 patent”). This Petition is being submitted concurrently with a Motion for
`
`Joinder. Specifically, Petitioner requests institution and joinder with Google LLC v.
`
`Cywee Group Ltd., IPR2018-01257 (“the Google IPR” or “the Google proceeding”),
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`which the Board instituted on December 11, 2018. This Petition is substantially
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`identical to the Petition in the Google IPR; it contains the same grounds (based on the
`
`same prior art combinations and supporting evidence) against the same claims. (See
`
`Ex. 1012, illustrating changes between the instant Petition and the Petition in
`
`IPR2018-01257.)
`
`NOTICE OF LEAD AND BACKUP COUNSEL & SERVICE INFORMATION
`Lead Counsel: Matthew A. SmithNaveen Modi (Reg. No. 49,003); Tel:
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`202.669.6207
`
`46,224). Backup Counsel: Chetan Bansal (Limited RecognitionAndrew S.
`
`Baluch (Reg. No. 57,503); Tel: 847.863.1645
`
`Backup Counsel: L0667). Service Information: Paul HastingsChristopher M.
`
`Colice (Reg. No. 65,634); Tel:
`
`617.947.7280.
`
`Address of lead counsel: Smith Baluch LLP, 1100 Alma St., Ste 109, Menlo
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`Park, CA 94025875 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005; Tel: (202) 551-1700;
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`1
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`Fax: (202) 551-1705; E-mail: PH-Samsung-Cywee-IPR@paulhastings.com.
`
`Petitioner consents to electronic service.
`
`NOTICE OF THE REAL-PARTIES-IN-INTEREST
`The real-parties-in-interest for
`this petition are Google LLCSamsung
`
`Electronics Co., Ltd. and Huawei Device USASamsung Electronics America, Inc.,
`
`Huawei Device Co. Ltd., Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Huawei Device (Dongguan)
`
`Co. Ltd., Huawei Investment & Holding Co. Ltd., Huawei Tech. Investment Co. Ltd.,
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`Huawei Device (Hong Kong) Co. Ltd.
`
`NOTICE OF RELATED MATTERS
`The ’978 patent is asserted in the following matters:
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. Google, Inc., Case No. 1-18-cv-00571, (D. Del.);
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. ZTE Corporation et al., Case No. 3-17-cv-02130,
`
`(S.D. Cal.);
`
` Cywee Group Ltd. v. HTC Corporation et al., Case No. 2-17-cv-00932,
`
`(W.D. Wash.);
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` Cywee Group Ltd. v. Motorola Mobility LLC, Case No. 1-17-cv-00780,
`
`(D. Del.);
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` Cywee Group Ltd. v. Huawei Technologies Co., Inc. et al., Case No. 2-
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`17-cv-00495, (E.D. Tex.);
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`2
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` Cywee Group Ltd. v. LG Electronics, Inc. et al., Case No. 3-17-cv-
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`01102, (S.D. Cal.);
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` Cywee Group Ltd. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al., Case No. 2-
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`17-cv-00140, (E.D. Tex.);
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` Cywee Group Ltd. v. Apple Inc., Case No. 4-14-cv-01853, (N.D. Cal.).
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`NOTICE OF SERVICE INFORMATION
`Please address all correspondence to the lead counsel at the addresses shown
`
`above.
`
`
`
`Petitioners
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`consent
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`to
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`electronic
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`service
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`by
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`email
`
`at:
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`smith@smithbaluch.com, baluch@smithbaluch.com, colice@smithbaluch.com.
`
`Also, as noted above, the ’978 patent has been challenged in the Google IPR
`
`Proceeding. Petitioner has concurrently filed a motion to join this proceeding.
`
`Petitioner is also concurrently filing a petition challenging claims 1 and 3-5 of U.S.
`
`Patent No. 8,411,438 along with a motion to join Google LLC v. Cywee Group Ltd.,
`
`IPR2018-01258, which the Board instituted on December 11, 2018.
`
`
`
`GROUNDS FOR STANDING
`Petitioner hereby certifies that the patent for which review is sought The ’978
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`patent is available for inter partes review, and that the Petitioner is not barred or
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`estopped from requesting an inter partes review challenging the patent claims on the
`
`grounds identified in this Petition. Petitioner is not estopped because this Petition is
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`accompanied by a Motion for Joinder, and is being submitted no later than one month
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`after the institution date of the petition. In particular,Google IPR. Under the suit
`
`against Petitioner was served on April 19, 2018 (Ex. 1007), whileBoard’s current
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`interpretation of the suit against certain Huawei entities was served on June 14, 2017
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`(Ex. 1008).statute and rules, including 37 C.F.R. § 42.122(b), the time period set
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`forth in § 42.101(b) does not apply to a Petition accompanied by a request for joinder.
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`STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED
`Petitioner respectfully requests that claims 10 and 12 of the ’978 patent be
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`canceled based on the following grounds:
`
`Ground 1: Claims 10 and 12 are obvious over Zhang and Bachmann.
`
`Ground 2: Claims 10 and 12 are obvious over Liberty and Bachmann.
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`THRESHOLD REQUIREMENT FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`This petition presents “a reasonable likelihood that the Petitioners would
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`prevail with respect to at least one of the claims challenged in the petition”, 35 U.S.C.
`
`§314(a), as shown in the Grounds explained below.
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`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`The present petition is supported by the declaration of Prof. Majid Sarrafzadeh
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`(Ex. 1002). Professor Sarrafzadeh holds the title of Distinguished Professor of
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`Computer Science & Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Los
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`Angeles. Professor Sarrafzadeh’s CV is included as Exhibit 1003.
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`e ’978 Title). Thex. 1001, Tvices. (Exointing devs to 3D potent relateThhe ’978 pa
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`patent deescribes thhe functionn of a 3D
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`pointing ddevice as ““detecting
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`motions oof the
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`device annd translaating the ddetected mmotions to
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`a cursor
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`display suuch as a ccursor
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`pointing
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`on the scrreen…of aa 2D displlay device
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`….” (Ex.
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`1001, 1:3
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`1-33)(Ex.
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`1002,
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`¶26). Foor examplee, a 3D poointing devvice couldd be a kindd of comp
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`uter mousse that
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`detects mmovementss and rotaations of thhe mouse
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`in three
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`ng the dimensionns, allowin
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`movemennts and rootations to
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`be translaated into aactions on a computter. (Ex.
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`1001,
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`1:52-61)((Ex. 1002,, ¶26). AAn examplee of such
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`a device 1110 (and aa correspoonding
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`display 120) is showwn in Fig. 1 of the ’9978 patent,, reproduceed below:
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`Too keep tracck of the mmotions annd rotation
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`s of a 3D
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`e ’978 pointing ddevice, the
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`patent prroposes ussing three
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`kinds of f sensors:
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`rotation s
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`sensors (foor detectinng the
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`angular vvelocity off rotation),, accelerommeters (forr detectingg axial acccelerations)), and
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`magnetometers (for detecting the local magnetic field). (Ex. 1001, Fig. 4)(Ex. 1002,
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`¶27). These sensors are mounted in or on the 3D pointing device, and provide
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`information on the movements and rotations of the device. (Ex. 1002, ¶27).
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`The ’978 patent also purports to provide methods of using data output from the
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`rotation sensors, accelerometers and magnetometers to calculate the orientation of the
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`3D pointing device. (Ex. 1001, 4:15-57)(Ex. 1002, ¶28). The “orientation” of the
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`device (also called the “attitude” or “tilt” of the device) is the direction of the device,
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`e.g. the angles between the device and the axes of any given coordinate system.1 (Ex.
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`1001, 1:62-64)(Ex. 1002, ¶28). For example, Fig. 2 of the ’978 patent shows the
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`same device 110 in a different “orientation”, having been rotated about the x-axis by
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`90 degrees:
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`1 Orientation may be expressed in a number of equivalent ways, such as with a
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`quaternion. (Ex. 1002, ¶¶30-32).
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`(Ex. 100
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`1, 2:11-14))(Ex. 10022, ¶28).
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`edges the
`t acknowl978 patentWhhile the ’9
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`existence of prior-
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`art 3D poointers
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`using sennsors to detect and caalculate oriientation, tthe ’978 paatent critic
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`izes the sppecific
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`devices mmentioned
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`as allegeddly unable
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`to calculatte orientatiion accurattely. (Ex.
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`1001,
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`2:41-3:522)(Ex. 10002, ¶33).
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`The ’978
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`patent puurports to
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`provide a
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`solution tto the
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`alleged ddeficiencies of the prrior art, byy using addditional sennsors and
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`the outpuut of the seensors to immprove thee accuracyy of the oriientation c
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`“compensaating”
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`alculation.. (Ex.
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`1001, 1:222-27).
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`Too “compennsate” the
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`output oof the sennsors, the
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`’978 pateent disclooses a
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`mathemaatical methhod using qquaternionss. (Ex. 10001, 16:5 ett seq.)(Ex.
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`1002, ¶344). As
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`explainedd by Proffessor Sarrrafzadeh,
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`a “quateernion” is
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`a way tto represe
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`nt an
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`vectors, aand can soometimes bbe used foor efficiennt calculati
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`on of rotaations.
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`seen in FFig. 7, whhich is
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`) using a on angles)orientatioon (rotatio
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`four-valuued vectorr. (Ex. 11002, ¶¶300-32).
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`Quaternioon math ooperations
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`an for ferently thaefined diffion) are de(such as mmultiplicati
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`standard
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`2). (Ex. 10022, ¶¶30-32
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`A
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`basic skettch of thee ’978 pateent methood can be
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`reproduc
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`ed at rightt. The metthod of
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`angular measured aFig. 7 oobtains m
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`velocitiess at step
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`715 (Ex.
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`1001,
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`16:27-300) and
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`axial
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`measured
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`accelerattions in steep 725 (Exx. 1001,
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`16:60-644).
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` Thee methodd
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`then
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`calculates a prediccted set o
`f axial
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`accelerattions at sstep 730.
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`1001, 177:2-9). Byy compariing the
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`actual annd predictted acceleerations
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`(step 7355), the meethod purpports to
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`improve
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`the estimaate of orieentation
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`(called
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`the “updated statee (3rd
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`quaternioon)” in boxx 735). (Exx. 1001, 188:25-55)(EEx. 1002, ¶¶34).
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`A. Prosecutiion Historry and Issuued Claimms
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`This petition challenges independent claim 10 and dependent claim 12. As
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`originally filed, claim 10 (then numbered claim 12), read as follows:
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`“12. A method for compensating rotations of a 3D pointing device,
`comprising:
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`generating an orientation output associated with an orientation
`of the 3D pointing device associated with three coordinate axes of
`a global reference frame associated with Earth;
`generating a rotation output associated with a rotation of the
`3D pointing device associated with three coordinate axes of a
`spatial reference frame associated with the 3D pointing device;
`and
`using the orientation output and the rotation output to generate
`a transformed output associated with a fixed reference frame
`associated with a display device.”
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`(Ex. 1009, p. 044-045). The claim was thus directed to generating a rotation output
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`(i.e. output of rotation sensors), calculating orientation output, and then somehow
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`“using” orientation output and rotation output to generate a “transformed output”.
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`The Examiner initially rejected all original claims for double patenting, and as
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`anticipated or obvious over U.S. Pat. Pub 2009/0262074 to Nasiri. (Ex. 1009, pp.
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`071-089). The applicants responded by requesting an interview. (Ex. 1009, pp. 060-
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`066). In the interview request, the applicants’ representative argued that Nasiri did
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`not teach using a global reference frame associated with Earth, and that Nasiri “only
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`briefly talks about ‘magnetometers’” (Ex. 1009, pp. 060-066).
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`The applicants then submitted an amendment. (Ex. 1009, pp. 040-055). In the
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`amendment, the applicants modified claim 12 to add several limitations. First, the
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`applicants added language to claim 12 requiring generating signal sets associated
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`with accelerometers and magnetometers. (Ex. 1009, pp. 044-045). Second, the
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`applicants specified that the “orientation output” must be “based on the first signal
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`set, the second signal set and the rotation output or based on the first signal set and
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`the second signal set”. (Id.). Third, the applicants specified that “the orientation
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`output and the rotation output is generated by a nine-axis motion sensor module”, and
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`that a “resultant deviation including a plurality of deviation angles” must be obtained
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`“using” a “plurality of measured magnetisms Mx, My, Mz and a plurality of
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`predicted magnetism Mx’, My’ and Mz’ for the second signal set.” (Id.).
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`Following the amendment, the Examiner allowed the claims without further
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`comment. (Ex. 1009, pp. 024-027). As issued, independent claim 10 reads as
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`follows:
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`“10. A method for compensating rotations of a 3D pointing device,
`comprising:
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`generating an orientation output associated with an orientation
`of the 3D pointing device associated with three coordinate axes of
`a global reference frame associated with Earth;
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`10
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`generatinq [sic] a first signal set comprising axial accelerations
`associated with movements and rotations of the 3D pointing
`device in the spatial reference frame;
`generating a second signal set associated with Earth’s
`magnetism;
`generating the orientation output based on the first signal set,
`the second signal set and the rotation output or based on the first
`signal set and the second signal set;
`generating a rotation output associated with a rotation of the
`3D pointing device associated with three coordinate axes of a
`spatial reference frame associated with the 3D pointing device;
`and
`using the orientation output and the rotation output to generate
`a transformed output associated with a fixed reference frame
`associated with a display device, wherein the orientation output
`and the rotation output is generated by a nine-axis motion sensor
`module;
`obtaining one or more resultant deviation including a plurality
`of deviation angles using a plurality of measured magnetisms Mx,
`My, Mz and a plurality of predicted magnetism Mx’, My’ and
`Mz’ for the second signal set.”
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`II. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
`“A claim in an unexpired patent shall be given its broadest reasonable
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`construction in light of the specification of the patent in which it appears”. 37 C.F.R.
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`§42.100(b); Cuozzo Speed Techs., LLC v. Lee, 195 L. Ed. 2d 423 (2016). For this
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`proceeding, claim terms are presumed to take on their broadest reasonable ordinary
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`meaning, which is explained in certain instances below. 2 The constructions below
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`are for the purpose of this petition only, and Petitioner reserves the right to change
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`these constructions as appropriate in future proceedings., including Cywee Group Ltd.
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`v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al., Case No. 2-17-cv-00140 (E.D. Tex.).
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`Petitioner also does not concede, by seeking this petition, that the challenged claims
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`are of definite scope or properly described under 35 U.S.C. §112.
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`A. Claim 10—“spatial reference frame” and similar terms
`Claim 10 uses the phrases “spatial reference frame” and “spatial reference
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`frame associated with the 3D pointing device”. These phrases should be interpreted
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`to mean “a reference frame associated with the 3D pointing device, which always has
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`its origin at the same point in the device and in which the axes are always fixed with
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`respect to the device”. (Ex. 1002, ¶37).
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`2 While the claim construction standard has changed from BRI to Phillips for
`
`petitions filed after November 13, 2018, the Board should apply the BRI standard to
`
`the instant petition because Samsung is simply seeking joinder as a co-petitioner to
`
`the Google proceeding. If the Board deems that its rule(s) require application of the
`
`Phillips standard to this petition, Samsung seeks waiver of such rule(s) pursuant to 37
`
`C.F.R. § 42.5(b).
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`12
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`concernin
`as follows tent states aThhe ’978 pat
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`
`
`
`ng the spatiial referencce frame:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`“TThere are twwo referennce frames, such as tthe spatiall pointer rreference
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`
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`
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`fraame and tthe displayy frame, asssociated wwith the ppointing deevice 110
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`
`
`
`and the dispplay devicee 120, resppectively.
` The first
`reference
`frame or
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`vice 110 is ointing devwith the possociated wce frame aser referencspaatial pointe
`
`
`
`
`
`
`wn in FIG. defined by thhe coordinaate axes XPP, YP and ZZP as show
`1.”
`
`
`
`Thus, the 02, ¶40). Td)(Ex. 100asis added45)(Emph(Ex. 10001, 1:39-1:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`“spatial p
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`ointer
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`
`
`
`
`
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`re 1 is ig. 1. Figurreferencee frame” iss shown byy the coorddinate axess XP, YP annd ZP in Fi
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`
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`
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`reproduced here:
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`13
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`seen from As can be s(Ex. 10022, ¶41). A
`
`
`
`
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`Fig. 1, thee spatial poointer referrence framme is a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`referencee frame asssociated wiith the 3D
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`pointing ddevice, whiich has its
`
`
`
`
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`origin at aa point
`
`1-45).
`in the devvice. (Ex. 1002, ¶¶4
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
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`
`
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`Fuurthermore,, as shownn in Fig. 22, when thee device iss rotated, tthe axes XXP, YP
`
`
`
`and ZP rootate with
`
`
`
`the devicee. (Ex. 10002, ¶¶45-446). Figurure 2 is repproduced bbelow,
`
`
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`and showws a 90-deegree roll oof the deviice, with ccorresponddingly rotatted axes YYP and
`
`ZP:
`
`
`
`
`
`origin frame, the oreference fal pointer rn the spatiat reason, in). For that(Ex. 10022, ¶¶42-43
`
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`
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`
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`and axess of the fraame stay ffixed with
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`
`
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`respect too the devicce. (Ex. 11002, ¶¶422- 46).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Note thaat the ’9788 patent treeats each
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`of the phrrases “spaatial referennce framee” and
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`
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`
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`
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`“spatial ppointer refference framme” as refferring to aa device-ceentered fraame of refeerence
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
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`
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`analogouus to the XXP, YP and
`
`ZP axes.
`
`
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`(Ex. 1001,, 9:19-20,
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`
`
`1:39-47, 33:6-7)(Ex.
`
`1002,
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`14
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`¶39-42). Because “spatial reference frame” already refers to a frame with its origin in
`
`the device, the longer phrase “spatial reference frame associated with the 3D pointing
`
`device” has the same meaning, as CyWee concedes. (Ex. 1002, ¶¶38-41; Ex. 1010, p.
`
`2).
`
`Thus, the phrases “spatial reference frame” and “spatial reference frame
`
`associated with the 3D pointing device” should both be interpreted to mean “a
`
`reference frame associated with the 3D pointing device, which always has its origin at
`
`the same point in the device and in which the axes are always fixed with respect to
`
`the device” (Ex. 1002, ¶¶37-47). Cywee agreed to these constructions during a co-
`
`pending litigation. (Ex. 1010, p. 2).
`
`B. Claim 10—“rotation output”
`Claim 10 uses the phrase “rotation output”. In the specification, the ’978
`
`patent makes clear that the rotation output is the output of a rotation sensor (a sensor
`
`that detects rotation). For example, the ’978 patent states:
`
`“The rotation sensor generates a rotation output associated with a
`rotation of the 3D pointing device associated with three coordinate axes
`of a spatial reference frame associated with the 3D pointing device.”
`
`(Ex. 1001, 7:61-64)(Emphasis added)(Ex. 1002, ¶50).
`
`Thus, “rotation output” should be interpreted in accordance with the
`
`specification as “output of a rotation sensor”. (Ex. 1002, ¶¶48-52).
`
`15
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`
`
`GROUNDS
`Ground 1. Claims 10 and 12 are obvious over Zhang in view of Bachmann.
`Claims 10 and 12 are unpatentable as obvious over U.S. Pat. App. Pub.
`
`2004/0095317 (“Zhang”)(Ex. 1005),
`
`in view of U.S. Pat. No. 7,089,148
`
`(“Bachmann”)(Ex. 1004).
`
`Zhang was published on May 20, 2004, and is thus prior art under pre-AIA 35
`
`U.S.C. §102(b). Bachmann issued on August 8, 2006, and is thus also prior art
`
`under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. §102(b). Zhang and Bachmann are analogous art, because
`
`they are in the same field and reasonably related to the problems facing the named
`
`inventors, as shown by the discussion below.
`
`Neither Zhang nor Bachmann are listed as prior art of record on the face of the
`
`’978 patent.
`
`Overview of the Combination
`Claim 10 is directed to a method for compensating rotations of a 3D pointing
`
`device. The combination of Zhang and Bachmann, broadly speaking, uses Zhang’s
`
`3D pointing device together with Bachmann’s extra sensors and method for
`
`compensating rotations.
`
`Zhang teaches a “a handheld pointing device” that is used for a “computer
`
`pointing control system”. (Ex. 1005, Abstract)(Ex. 1002, ¶53). Such a computer
`
`pointing control system is shown, for example, in Fig. 2 of Zhang (reproduced
`
`below), where the handheld device (a 3D pointer) has reference numeral 100:
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`16
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`Insside Zhangg’s device
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`
`
`
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`100, theree are severaal sensors
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`
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`
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`that detec
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`
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`t the orienntation
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`
`
`
`
`
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`of the devvice. Zhanng explainss:
`
`computer
`
`
`
`“AA universaal pointingg control
`
`
`system foor televisiions and
`
`
`dissplays is ddisclosed.
`
`
`mprised of The systeem is com
`a remote
`handheld
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`devvice, a dispplay control unit andd a commaand deliverry unit. Thhe remote
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`
`
`
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`hanndheld devvice includdes a set oof orientaation sensoors that ddetect the
`
`
`
`
`
`deevice’s currrent orienntation.”
`
`
`
`
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`
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`4). x. 1002, ¶54(Ex. 10055, ¶0008)(EEmphasis added)(Ex
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`17
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`Page 22 of 88
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`he device oses that thZhhang disclo
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`100 has s
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`
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`several difffferent orieentation se
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`nsors.
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`
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`The orienntation sennsors are aarranged onn a circuit
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`
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`board in tthe housinng of the ddevice,
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`
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`
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`as shownn in Fig.
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`
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`3 of Zhaang,
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`
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`ht. In Figreproduced at righ . 3,
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`
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`
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`numeral
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`160 is the
`
`
`
`circuit boaard,
`
`while nu
`
`
`merals 1200 and 130
`
`are
`
`sensors.
`
`
`
` (Ex. 10055, ¶0025)((Ex.
`
`
`
`
`
`1002, ¶¶555-56). Nuumeral 1200 is
`
`
`
`
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`“a
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`
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`two--axis maagnetic
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`
`
`
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`fiield
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`
`
`sensor 1120 [that] is used
`
`
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`to
`
`
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`detect thhe device’’s orientattion
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`relative tto the direction of
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`
`
`the
`
`
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`earth’s mmagnetic fieeld 25.” (EEx. 1005, ¶¶0026)(Ex.
`
`
`
` 1002, ¶¶557-58). Nuumeral 1300 is an
`
`
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`
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`
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`
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`“acceleroometer sennsor 130 [[that] conttains two
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`orthogonaally arrangged accele
`
`
`
`ration
`
`
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`detectorss.” (Ex. 1005, ¶0027))(Ex. 10022, ¶¶57-58)). Numeraal 110 is a
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
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`
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`microconttroller
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`
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`
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`for performing calcculations. (Ex. 1005,, ¶0025)(Exx. 1002, ¶559).
`
`
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`
`
`
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`
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`
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`
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`system diaagram of ZZhang’s devvice 100 iss shown inn Fig. 5, repproduced bbelow
`
`
`
`
`
`A
`
`at right.
`
`
`
` (Ex. 10055, ¶0029)((Ex. 1002,
`
`
`
`¶59). In
`
`
`
`Fig. 5, thee two setss of two seensors
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ters 130) cceleromet20 and ac(magnetoometers 12
`
`
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`
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`
`
`
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`Petitioner has placced a red-ddashed boxx around tthe numer
`
`
`
`
`
`are showwn on thee left sidee (the
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`als 120 annd 130).
`
`These
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`
`
`
`
`
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`18
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`sensors
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`
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`output siggnals to ccircuits
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`
`
`
`
`4 and 13111-112, 121-124
`1-134.
`
`
`
`
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`(Ex. 10005, ¶0029)((Ex. 1002,, ¶60).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`These cirrcuits conddition the
`
`
`
`sensor
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`
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`output, cconvert it tto digital fformat,
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`
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`
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`and passs the digiital data tto the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`microconntroller (MMCU) 110.
` (Ex.
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`1005, ¶0029)(Ex. 11002, ¶60)). The
`
`
`
`evice’s nes the deMCU 1110 determin
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`orientatioon, includiing azimutth and
`
`
`
`
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`
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`inclinatioon angles ((yaw and ppitch).
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`(Ex. 10005, ¶0029)((Ex. 1002,, ¶60).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`These anngles are shhown in Figgs. 4(a) annd 4(b), repproduced bbelow.
`
`
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`19
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`Page 24 of 88
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`(Ex. 10022, ¶58). AAfter Zhangg’s device
`
`
`
`
`
`calculates
`
`
`
`its own orrientation,
`
`
`
`Zhang’s syystem
`
`
`
`
`
`translatess those anggles into a
`
`
`
`
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`slating r), by transng a cursore.g. movindisplay coommand (e
`
`
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`
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`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`the anglees into screeen coordinnates. (Ex.. 1005, ¶¶00024, 00300)(Ex. 10022, ¶60).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Zhhang’s primmary emboodiment haas a four-axxis sensor
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`module (ccompared
`
`to the
`
`
`
`“nine-axiis sensor mmodule” reequired by
`
`
`
`
`
`claim 10)
`
`
`
`ensors hat more se. Zhang eexplains th
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`can be uused, and tthat differeent kinds oof sensors
`
`
`
`
`
`can be ussed. For eexample, ZZhang
`
`
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`
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`20
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`states that gyro sensors (angular rate sensors that measure “rotation output”) could be
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`used:
`
`“The orientation sensors’ mechanisms are shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
`The orientation sensor demonstrated in FIG. 4a is a magnetic field
`sensor, whereas the one in FIG. 4b is an accelerometer sensor.
`However, the orientation detection may not be limited to these types
`of sensors. Other sensors, for example, a gyro sensor, can also be
`used in the pointing control system.”
`
`(Ex. 1005, ¶0026)(Emphasis added)(Ex. 1002, ¶61). Zhang also mentions that
`
`accelerometers, magnetometers and gyro (angular rate) sensors can be used in
`
`combination. (Ex. 1005, ¶¶0006, 0026, claim 2)(Ex. 1002, ¶62).
`
`Bachmann, in turn, provides an example of a nine-axis sensor system that
`
`combines accelerometers, magnetometers and angular
`
`rate detectors
`
`(e.g.
`
`gyroscopes), as suggested by Zhang. Bachmann, for example, states:
`
`the magnetometers
`and
`embodiment,
`sensor
`another
`“In
`accelerometers are supplemented with angular rate detectors
`configured to detect the angular velocity of the sensor (comprising so-
`called Magnetic, Angular Rate, Gravity (MARG) sensors). Each MARG
`sensor
`contains
`angular
`rate detectors,
`accelerometers,
`and
`magnetometers.”
`
`21
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`4, 7:34-41
`
`(Ex. 100
`
`
`
`)(Emphasiis added)(EEx. 1002,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`¶64). In BBachmannn’s system,, each
`
`
`
`ystem (3 se entire symaking thes sensor, ma three-axitype of ssensor is a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ensor typees x 3
`
`
`
`axes per type) a ninne-axis system. (Ex. 1002, ¶65
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`).
`
`
`
`lter to timation filattitude estensor data umbining seeaches comBaachmann te using an a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`produce aan estimatee of the oriientation oof a trackedd object. BBachmann
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`explains:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`inputs are from a thhree-axis aacceleromeeter (h1 h22 h3) 31, a
`
`“[TT]he filter
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`gular rate nd a threee-axis angthrree-axis mmagnetomeeter (b1 b22 b3) 32, an
`
`
`sennsor (p, qq, r) 33.
`
`
`
`
`Its outputt is a quaaternion reepresentatioon of the
`
`orientation oof the traccked objecct q̂ 39.”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`es the n thus takeBachmann2, ¶66). Bd)(Ex. 1002asis added14)(Empha(Ex. 10004, 10:10-1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`output of acceleroometer, maagnetometeer and anngular ratee sensors,
`
`
`
`and uses
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`these
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`sensor ouutputs to caalculate ann orientatioon of a trackked devicee. (Ex. 10002, ¶67).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Too calculatee the orieentation frrom sensoor inputs,
`
`
`
`
`
`Bachmann uses a
`
`filter.
`
`
`
`Bachmannn’s
`
`
`
`filterr mirrorss
`
`
`
`the
`
`claimed
`
`
`
`calculationns of the
`
`’978
`
`patent.
`
`
`
`
`
`(Ex. 1002, ¶68).
`
` A
`
`
`
`control ddiagram oof Bachmmann’s
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`filter proocess is shhown in F
`ig. 3,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`reproduced at rigght, wheree the
`
`Petitione
`
`
`
`
`r has drawwn a red-daashed
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`22
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`Page 27 of 88
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`
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`
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`box around the output, q̂ , in tthe lower rright.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The output , ¶68). T(Ex. 1002(Ex. 10004, Fig. 3)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`q̂ is a quuaternion rrepresentinng the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`orientatioon of the trracked objeect in space. (Ex. 10004, 10:10--14)(Ex. 10002, ¶68).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Baachmann’s
`
`
`
`filter as shhown in Fiig. 3 receivves inputs
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`from threee sets of seensors
`
`
`
`
`
`(acceleroometers, mmagnetometters and anngular-ratee sensors) mmarked 311, 32 and 333, on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`the left siide of Fig. 3. These sensors aree shown inn red-dasheed boxes, bbelow:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(Ex. 10022, ¶69).
`
`
`
`
`
`Thhe output oof the anguular rate seensors (33)) is used too calculatee the orienntation
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`of the deevice q̂ . Thhe calculattion is showwn in the bboxes alonng the red--dashed linne that
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`
`has been added to tthe lower pportion of FFig. 3, beloow:
`
`
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`23
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`
`
`
`
`(Ex. 100
`
`
`
`
`2, ¶70). Inn the figurre, the outpput of the
`
`
`
`
`
`angular raate sensorss (33) is a
`
`
`
`set of
`
`
`
`measuredd angular
`
`
`
`
`
`out three rates of rrotation (p, q, r) abo
`
`
`
`
`
`axes. (Exx. 1004, 110:10-
`
`
`
`
`
`14)(Ex. 11002, ¶70). These raates are connverted, in n box 37, too a rate quaaternion q̇ .. (Ex.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`e rate quat70). To thex. 1002, ¶71004, 10:15-36)(Ex
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ternion q̇ iss added a ccorrection
`
`
`
`factor
`
`q̇ ε (which
`h will be
`
`explained
`
`
`
`below), too yield a
`
`corrected
`
`
`
`rate quateernion
`
`.
`
` (Ex.
`
`
`
`1004,