`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`
`APPLE INC., LG ELECTRONICS INC., SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO.,
`
`LTD., AND SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS AMERICA, INC.
`
`Petitioners
`
`v.
`
`UNILOC Luxembourg SA.
`
`Patent Owner
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,868,079
`
`
`
`DECLARATION OF JACOB ROBERT MUNFORD
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`APPLE 1017
`
`1
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 39521-0060IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,868,079
`
`
`1. My name is Jacob Robert Munford. I am over the age of 18, have
`
`personal knowledge of the facts set forth herein, and am competent to testify to the
`
`same.
`
`2.
`
`I earned a Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) from
`
`the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee in 2009. I have over ten years of
`
`experience in the library/information science field. Beginning in 2004, I have
`
`served in various positions in the public library sector including Assistant
`
`Librarian, Youth Services Librarian and Library Director. I have attached my
`
`Curriculum Vitae as Appendix A.
`
`3.
`
`During my career in the library profession, I have been responsible for
`
`materials acquisition for multiple libraries. In that position, I have cataloged,
`
`purchased and processed incoming library works. That includes purchasing
`
`materials directly from vendors, recording publishing data from the material in
`
`question, creating detailed material records for library catalogs and physically
`
`preparing that material for circulation. In addition to my experience in acquisitions,
`
`I was also responsible for analyzing large collections of library materials, tailoring
`
`library records for optimal catalog search performance and creating lending
`
`agreements between libraries during my time as a Library Director.
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`2
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 39521-0060IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,868,079
`
`
`4.
`
`I am fully familiar with the catalog record creation process in the
`
`library sector. In preparing a material for public availability, a library catalog
`
`record describing that material would be created. These records are typically
`
`written in Machine Readable Catalog (herein referred to as “MARC”) code and
`
`contain information such as a physical description of the material, metadata from
`
`the material’s publisher, and date of library acquisition. In particular, the 008 field
`
`of the MARC record is reserved for denoting the date of creation of the library
`
`record itself. As this typically occurs during the process of preparing materials for
`
`public access, it is my experience that an item’s MARC record indicates the date of
`
`an item’s public availability.
`
`5.
`
`I have reviewed Exhibit 1008, a book edited by John Everett entitled
`
`VSATs Very Small Aperture Terminals (referred hereto as ‘VSATs’) as published
`
`by Peter Peregrinus Ltd on behalf of the Institution of Electrical Engineers,
`
`copyright 1992.
`
`6.
`
`Attached hereto as Appendix EV01 is a true and correct copy of
`
`‘VSATs’. I secured scans of the book cover, spine, publication data, title page,
`
`publication date page and table of contents for ‘VSATs’ from the University of
`
`Pittsburgh’s library. In comparing EV01 to Exhibit 1008, it is my determination
`
`that Exhibit 1008 is a true and correct copy of ‘VSATs’.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 39521-0060IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,868,079
`
`
`7.
`
`Attached hereto as EV02 is a true and correct copy of the MARC
`
`record from ‘VSATs’ from the University of Pittsburgh’s library. I secured this
`
`record myself from the University of Pittsburgh’s online catalog. The 008 field of
`
`this MARC record indicates ‘VSATs’ was first cataloged by the University of
`
`Pittsburgh as of February 20, 1993. Considering this information, it is my
`
`determination that ‘VSATs’ was first made available to the public shortly after
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`February 20, 1993.
`
`8.
`
` I have been retained on behalf of the Petitioner to provide assistance
`
`in the above-illustrated matter in establishing the authenticity and public
`
`availability of the documents discussed in this declaration. I am being compensated
`
`for my services in this matter at the rate of $100.00 per hour plus reasonable
`
`expenses. My statements are objective, and my compensation does not depend on
`
`the outcome of this matter.
`
`9.
`
`I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and
`
`correct. I hereby declare that all statements made herein of my own knowledge are
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`true and that all statements made on information and belief are believed to be true;
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`and further that these statements were made the knowledge that willful false
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`statements and the like so made are punishable by fine or imprisonment, or both,
`
`under Section 1001 of Title 18 of the United States Code.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 39521-0060IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,868,079
`
`
`
`
`Dated: 1/9/19
`
`
`
`
`
`Jacob Robert Munford
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5
`
`

`

`Appendix A - Curriculum Vitae
`
`Education
`
`University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee - MS, Library & Information Science, 2009
`Milwaukee, WI
`● Coursework included cataloging, metadata, data analysis, library systems,
`management strategies and collection development.
`● Specialized in library advocacy and management.
`
`Grand Valley State University - BA, English Language & Literature, 2008
`Allendale, MI
`● Coursework included linguistics, documentation and literary analysis.
`● Minor in political science with a focus in local-level economics and
`government.
`
`Professional Experience
`
`Library Director, February 2013 - March 2015
`Dowagiac District Library
`Dowagiac, Michigan
`● Executive administrator of the Dowagiac District Library. Located in
`Southwest Michigan, this library has a service area of 13,000, an annual
`operating budget of over $400,000 and total assets of approximately
`$1,300,000.
`● Developed careful budgeting guidelines to produce a 15% surplus during the
`2013-2014 & 2014-2015 fiscal years.
`● Using this budget surplus, oversaw significant library investments including
`the purchase of property for a future building site, demolition of existing
`buildings and building renovation projects on the current facility.
`● Led the organization and digitization of the library's archival records.
`● Served as the public representative for the library, developing business
`relationships with local school, museum and tribal government entities.
`
`6
`
`

`

`● Developed an objective-based analysis system for measuring library services
`- including a full collection analysis of the library's 50,000+ circulating
`items and their records.
`
`
`November 2010 - January 2013
`Librarian & Branch Manager, Anchorage Public Library
`Anchorage, Alaska
`● Headed the 2013 Anchorage Reads community reading campaign including
`event planning, staging public performances and creating marketing
`materials for mass distribution.
`● Co-led the social media department of the library's marketing team, drafting
`social media guidelines, creating original content and instituting long-term
`planning via content calendars.
`● Developed business relationships with The Boys & Girls Club, Anchorage
`School District and the US Army to establish summer reading programs for
`children.
`
`June 2004 - September 2005, September 2006 - October 2013
`Library Assistant, Hart Area Public Library
`Hart, MI
`● Responsible for verifying imported MARC records and original MARC
`cataloging for the local-level collection as well as the Michigan Electronic
`Library.
`● Handled OCLC Worldcat interlibrary loan requests & fulfillment via
`ongoing communication with lending libraries.
`
`Professional Involvement
`
`Alaska Library Association - Anchorage Chapter
`● Treasurer, 2012
`
`Library Of Michigan
`● Level VII Certification, 2008
`● Level II Certification, 2013
`
`7
`
`

`

`Michigan Library Association Annual Conference 2014
`● New Directors Conference Panel Member
`
`Southwest Michigan Library Cooperative
`● Represented the Dowagiac District Library, 2013-2015
`
`Professional Development
`
`Library Of Michigan Beginning Workshop, May 2008
`Petoskey, MI
`● Received training in cataloging, local history, collection management,
`children’s literacy and reference service.
`
`Public Library Association Intensive Library Management Training, October 2011
`Nashville, TN
`● Attended a five-day workshop focused on strategic planning, staff
`management, statistical analysis, collections and cataloging theory.
`
`Alaska Library Association Annual Conference 2012 - Fairbanks, February 2012
`Fairbanks, AK
`● Attended seminars on EBSCO advanced search methods, budgeting,
`cataloging, database usage and marketing.
`
`8
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`Appendix EV01 - Scans
`Appendix EV01 - Scans
`
`9
`
`

`

`3 1735 033 086 061
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`@VMIMUNICATIONS SERIES 28
`
`10
`
`

`

`JOHN
`
`EVERETT
`itdiJtiihhttipiheeeeteeLLLeehehe
`
`11
`
`

`

`R@4-M18-S13-T10
`3173503308606 1
`ANCA0
`Hillman Gr.Fl. Lending
`
`Request ID: 499336
`Pull Date: 2618712718 155324
`Call Now:
`TKS164 V748 199°
`Title: VSATs ! very small aperture te
`
`MUNFORD, JACOB R
`ULSertsyB
`2L 6462490358535
`Req. Date: 2618/12/19 14:59:49
`
`Do Not RemoveThis Wrapper
`
`Printedir} Ky University of Pittsburgh
`
`
`Storage
`Facility
`CIRCULATING
`CIRCULATING
`CIRCULATING
`GIRGULATING
`
`University Library System
`
`16 years.
`and is a
`United Ki
`
`ai(s)maa)
`Michael
`Six Hills V
`
`12
`
`

`

`IEE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERIES 28
`
`Series Editors: Professor J. E. Flood
`Professor C. J. Hughes
`Professor J. D. Parsons
`
`VSATs
`
`
`very small aperture terminals
`
`13
`
`

`

`Other volumes in this series:
`
`Volume 1
`Volume 2
`Volume 3
`
`Volume 4
`Volume 5
`
`Volume 6
`Volume 7
`Volume 8
`
`Volume 9
`Volume 10
`Volume 11
`
`Volume 12
`
`Volume 13
`Volume 14
`Volume 15
`Volume 16
`Volume 17
`Volume 18
`Volume 19
`Volume 20
`Volume 21
`
`Volume 22
`Volume 23
`Volume 24
`Volume 25
`Volume 26
`Volume 27
`
`Telecommunications networksJ. E. Flood (Editor)
`Principles of telecommunication-traffic engineering D. Bear
`Programmingelectronic switching systemsM. T.Hills and
`S. Kano
`Digital transmission systemsP. Bylanski and D. G. W. Ingram
`Angle modulation: the theory of system assessment
`J. H. Roberts
`Signalling in telecommunications networks S. Welch
`Elements of telecommunications economics S. C.Littlechild
`Software design for electronic switching systems S. Takamura,
`H. Kawashima, N. Nakajima
`Phasenoisein signal sources W. P. Robins
`Local telecommunications J. M. Griffiths (Editor)
`Principles and practices of multi-frequency telegraphy
`J. D. Ralphs
`Spread spectrum in communications R. Skaug and
`J. F. Hjelmstad
`Advancedsignal processing D. J. Creasey (Editor)
`Land mobile radio systemsR. J. Holbeche (Editor)
`Radio receivers W. Gosling (Editor)
`Data communications and networks R. L. Brewster (Editor)
`Local telecommunications 2 J. M. Griffiths (Editor)
`Satellite communication systems B. G. Evans(Editor)
`Telecommunicationstraffic, tariffs and costs R. E. Farr
`Anintroductionto satellite communications D.|. Dalgleish
`SPC digital telephone exchangesF. J. Redmill and
`A. R. Valdar
`Data communications and networksII R. L. Brewster (Editor)
`Radio spectrum managementD.J. Withers
`Satellite communication systemsII B. G. Evans (Editor)
`Personal mobile radio systems R. C. V. Macario (Editor)
`Common-channelsignalling R. J. Manterfield
`
`Transmission systems J. E. Flood and P. Cochrane
`
`14
`
`

`

`
`
`VSATs
`
`very small aperture terminals
`
`Edited by
`JOHN EVERETT
`
`Peter Peregrinus Lid. on behalf of the Institution of Electrical Engineers
`
`
`
`15
`
`

`

`Published by: Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London, United Kingdom
`
`© 1992: Peter Peregrinus Ltd.
`
`Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research orprivate study,
`or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and
`Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or
`transmitted, in any forms or by any means,only with the prior permission
`in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in
`accordancewith the termsoflicences issued by the Copyright Licensing
`Agency. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be
`sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:
`
`Peter PeregrinusLtd.,
`Michael Faraday House,
`Six Hills Way, Stevenage,
`Herts. SG1 2AY, United Kingdom
`
`While the editor and the publishers believe that the information and
`guidancegivenin this workis correct, all parties must rely upon their own
`skill and judgment when makinguseofit. Neither the editor nor the
`publishers assumeanyliability to anyone for any loss or damage caused
`by any error or omission in the work, whether such error or omissionis
`the result of negligence or any other cause. Any and all suchliability is
`disclaimed.
`
`The moralright of the authors to be identified as authors of this work has
`been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and
`Patents Act 1988.
`
`British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
`
`A CIP cataloguerecord for this book
`is available from the British Library
`
`ISBN 0 86341 200 9
`
`- Printed in England by Short Run PressLtd., Exeter
`
`
`
`16
`
`

`

`
`
`XXill
`
`XXIV
`
`
`
`xxVWMOMDOnNNNNUNAMNMOAHAMDAAUSS$WOwnrnNor-=
`
`Contents
`
`Preface
`
`Acknowledgments
`
`The contributors
`
`1
`
`NOOBwH
`
`Introduction to VSATs J.L. Everett
`1.1
`Historical perspective on VSAT's
`What is a VSAT?
`Satellite communication frequency bands
`Space segment to support VSATservices
`Network configurations
`A representative VSAT system
`Earth terminals in a VSAT network
`1.7.1. Hub earth terminal
`1.7.2. VSAT earth terminal
`Earth terminal sub-systems
`1.8.1 Antennas
`1.8.2 High power amplifiers (HPAs)
`1.8.3
`Solid state power amplifiers (SSPAs)
`1.8.4 Low noise converters (LNCs)
`1.8.5 Up- and downconverters
`1.8.6 Modems and codecs
`1.8.7. Network interface unit (NIU)
`Modulation and coding schemes
`The communication of data across the VSAT network
`Multiple access
`1.11.1 Multiple access schemes
`1.11.1.1 Frequency division multiple access
`(FDMA)
`1.11.1.2 Time division multiple access (TDMA)
`1.11.1.3 Code division multiple access (CDMA)
`1.11.2 Selection of access scheme
`2 Network or multiaccess protocols
`Network management
`4 One- and two-way VSAT systems
`1.14.1 Dedicated one-way data systems
`1.14.2 Data distribution based on television broadcasting
`1.14.3. Two-way systems
`5 Ka-band VSAT systems
`6 Military VSAT systems
`7 Link budgets
`VSATapplications and services
`
`—btpet
`
`—mt(0
`
`
`
`17
`
`17
`
`

`

`vi
`
`Contents
`
`l 1 1
`
`1 l
`
`.19 Economic considerations
`.20 Regulatory considerations
`.21 Future developments
`.22 Conclusions
`.23 References
`
`2 Antennas for VSAT systems B. Claydon
`2.1
`Introduction
`2.2 Basic antenna definitions
`2.2.1 Antenna radiation pattern
`2.2.2 Antenna half-power beamwidth (HPBW)
`2.2.3. Gain,directivity and efficiency
`2.2.4 Antenna noise temperature
`2.2.5 Reflection coefficient, voltage standing waveratio
`and return loss
`Polarisation and cross-polarisation
`2.2.6
`Performance parameters for antennas in a VSAT system
`2.3.
`2.4 Typical configurations for VSAT antennas
`2.4.1 Axisymmetric paraboloid antennas
`2.4.2 Asymmetric (offset) antennas
`2.4.3.
`Primary feedchains for VSAT antennas
`Hub station antennas
`2.5
`2.6 Future systems
`2.7 References
`
`3.3.
`
`3 Semiconductor devices for VSAT systems F.A. Myers
`3.1
`Introduction
`3.2. Two-terminal active devices
`3.2.1 Gunn devices
`3.2.2 Avalanche devices
`Field effect transistor
`3.3.1
`Small signal device theory
`3.3.2 GaAs material for FETs
`3.3.3 Fabrication of GaAs FETs
`3.3.4
`Performance of small signal GaAs FET
`3.4 GaAs low noise MMICs
`.
`3.4.1 Material for GaAs MMICs
`3.4.2. MMIC fabrication technology
`3.4.3. Examples of GaAs MMICs
`Power FETs
`3.5
`3.6 Advanced transistor structures — life beyond the MESFET
`3.6.1 High electron mobility transistor (HEMT)
`3.7. Conclusions
`3.8 Further reading
`
`4 Travelling wave tubes and amplifiers for VSAT systems
`R.E. Shuken
`4.1
`Introduction
`4.2 Microwave power amplification devices
`
`
`
`18
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`4.7
`
`4.3. Types of travelling wave tubes
`4.4 Travelling wave tube theory and performance
`4.4.1 The physical structure
`4.4.2 Electrical operation
`4.4.3. Microwave signal operation
`4.5 Travelling wave tube RF performance
`4.5.1
`Input/output RF characteristics
`4.5.2 Output noise performance
`4.5.3. AM to PM conversion
`4.6 Considerations in the application of TWTs and TWT
`amplifiers (TWTAs)
`4.6.1 Major TWTAfailure mechanisms
`TWTAinterface consideration
`4.7.1 RF interface considerations
`4.7.1.1
`Input and output impedance matching
`4.7.1.2 RF input overdrive
`4.7.1.3 Gain and poweroutput control
`4.7.1.4
`TWTinput oscillation protection
`4.8 TWT power supply considerations
`4.8.1 Heater power supply
`4.8.2 Cathode and collector power supplies
`4.8.3. Environmental and operational considerations
` VSAT TWTAdesign considerations and trade-offs
`4.9.1
`Installed cost comparisons
`4.9.2 Amplifiers for hubs and remote terminals
`4.9.3
`Installation considerations
`4.9.3.1
`Physical installation
`4.9.3.2 Mains powerconsiderations
`4.9.3.3 Maintenance considerations
`4.10 Conclusions
`4.11 References
`
`4.9
`
`5 VSAT low noise downconverters R.J. Malczyk
`5.1
`Introduction
`5.2.
`Important considerations in the design of downconverters
`5.3.
`Low noise block downconverter design
`5.3.1
`Low noise amplifier
`5.3.2. Local oscillator
`5.3.2.1 Dielectric resonance oscillator
`5.3.2.2
`Phase-lock oscillator
`5.3.3. Mixing and filtering
`5.3.4
`IF amplifier
`5.4 WSAT low noise block downconverter example
`5.5 Future developments
`5.6 Conclusions
`5.7. Acknowledgments
`5.8 References
`
`
`
`19
`
`19
`
`

`

`vill
`
`Contents
`
`6 Modemsand codecs for VSAT systems R.G. Stevens
`6.1
`Introduction
`6.2 The role of the modem
`6.3 Noise in satellite communications channels
`6.4 Quantification of noise
`6.5 Quantification of signal to noise ratio
`6.6 Noise and the effect on demodulation performance
`6.7. Theoretical performance predictions for AWGN
`6.8 Mathematical formalism for AWGN
`6.9 Doppler frequency uncertainties
`6.10 Symbol timing recovery
`6.11 Use of coding in satellite communications channels
`6.12 The requirements coding places on demodulators
`6.13 Effects of converter phase noise on demodulation
`6.14 Modulation and the non-linearsatellite channel
`6.15 PSK modulation
`6.16 Detection of PSK symbols
`6.17 Demodulation of PSK symbols
`6.18 Carrier recovery
`6.19 Phase ambiguity of PSK systems
`6.20 Synchronisation of symbol timing
`6.21 Demodulation failure: carrier cycle slips
`6.22 Demodulation failure: data bit slips
`6.23 VSAT modems: a systems approach to data rates
`6.24 VSAT modems:thesatellite link requirement
`6.25 Spectral compatibility with other systems
`6.26 Assessmentof interference from other systems
`6.27 VSAT phase noise considerations
`6.28 Acceptance of inboundlink non-linearities
`6.29 VSAT transmit powercontrol
`6.30 Multiaccess requirements for the outbound link
`6.31 Multiaccess requirements for the inbound link
`6.32 Use of data bursts on the inboundlink
`6.33 Codecs for data burst systems
`6.34 Coding schemesfor data burst systems
`6.35 VSAT burst modulator design
`6.36 VSAT modulator burst gate requirement
`6.37 VSAT modulator frequencyagility
`6.38 Inboundlink frequencystability
`6.39 System timing and dataregistration
`6.40 Conclusions
`6.41 References
`
`100
`100
`100
`101
`102
`102
`102
`103
`104
`105
`105
`106
`107
`107
`109
`109
`112
`112
`114
`115
`115
`116
`117
`117
`117
`118
`118
`119
`120
`120
`120
`120
`121
`121
`121
`122
`122
`122
`123
`124
`124
`124
`
`7 Multiaccess protocols for VSAT networks
`D. Raychaudhuri and K. Joseph
`7.1
`Introduction
`7.2. Review ofsatellite multiaccess protocols for VSAT networks
`7.2.1
`Fixed assigned multiaccess
`
`125
`125
`127
`
`128
`
`20
`
`

`

`
`
`Contents
`
`ix
`
`SCPC/FDMA
`7.2.1.1
`7.2.1.2 CDMA
`7.2.1.3 TDMA
`7.2.2. Contention/random access protocols
`7.2.2.1 Unslotted ALOHA
`7.2.2.2
`Selective reject (SREJ) ALOHA
`7.2.2.3.
`Slotted ALOHA
`7.2.2.4 Tree CRA
`7.2.2.5 ARRA
`7.2.2.6 Time-of-arrival based random access
`(TARA)
`7.2.2.7 SREJ-ALOHA/FCFS
`7.2.2.8 RA-CDMA
`7.2.3. Reservation/controlled access
`7.2.3.1 DAMA with TDMA reservations
`7.2.3.2 DAMAwith slotted ALOHA reservations
`7.2.3.3 Unslotted locally synchronous reservation
`7.2.3.4 Hybrid reservation/random access
`Performance comparison of candidate VSAT protocols
`7.3.1
`VSATtraffic models
`7.3.2 Channel and protocol parameters
`7.3.3. Numerical results
`7.4 Conclusions
`7.5 References
`
`7.3
`
`8.4
`
`8 Protocol software in Ku-band VSAT network systems
`B.A. Connolly and R.J. Siracusa
`8.1
`Introduction
`8.2 Customerperspective
`8.3. VSAT network services
`8.3.1 Reference model
`8.3.2 Meeting customer requirements
`Protocol software
`8.4.1 Customer protocol requirements
`8.4.2 Network/transport protocol requirements
`8.4.3. Data link protocol requirements
`8.4.3.1 Outboundsatellite link operation
`8.4.3.2
`Inboundsatellite link multiaccess operation
`8.4.4 Other requirements
`8.5 A hardware system as a platform for VSAT software
`8.6
`Software resources needed for VSAT systems
`8.7
`VSATsoftware design and development environment
`8.8 VSAT network example
`8.8.1
`Protocol software
`8.8.2
`System software
`8.9 Summary
`8.10 Acknowledgments
`8.11 References
`
`128
`129
`129
`132
`132
`133
`134
`134
`135
`
`136
`137
`138
`139
`139
`140
`14]
`142
`143
`143
`144
`146
`153
`154
`
`156
`156
`156
`158
`158
`160
`162
`163
`163
`164
`164
`164
`165
`165
`167
`168
`170
`171
`172
`175
`175
`176
`
`
`
`21
`
`21
`
`

`

`x
`
`Contents
`
`9 VSATdata networks: system design D. Raychaudhuri
`9.1
`Introduction
`9.2 Network performancecriteria
`9.3
`System description
`9.3.1 Architecture
`9.3.2
`Subscriber DTE
`9.3.3. WSAT remote interface unit (RIU)
`9.3.4 VSAT modem
`9.3.5
` VSAT RF electronics
`9.3.6 WSAT antenna
`9.3.7 Ku-bandsatellite channel
`9.3.8 Hub antenna
`9.3.9 Hub RF electronics
`9.3.10 Hub modem
`9.3.11 Hub interface unit (HIU)
`9.3.12 Subscriber DCE
`9.4 Analytical model of star network
`9.4.1 Delay-throughput models
`9.4.2
`Satellite link model
`System design guidelines
`9.5
`9.6 Conclusions
`9.7 Acknowledgments
`9.8 References
`
`10 The policing of VSAT networks R.G. Stevens
`10.1
`Introduction
`10.2. The scope of a VSAT policing system
`10.3. Drifts in alignment of VSAT systems
`10.4 Failure of VSAT units
`10.5
`Signal collisions and corruptions
`10.6 Satellite anomalies and failures
`10.7
`Interference
`10.8
`Identification and monitoring of network parameters
`10.9 Monitoring of inbound link frequencies
`10.10 Monitoring of the presence of inbound link signals
`10.11 Monitoring of signal power and quality
`10.12 Monitoring of phase noise distortions on the inboundlink
`10.13 Monitoring ofdata errors
`10.14 Monitoring of VSAT status messages
`10.15 Monitoring loss of burst reception
`10.16 Monitoring of hub reception at the VSAT
`10.17 Monitoring ofinterference
`10.18 Responseto stress
`10.19 Stress from outbound link data errors
`10.20 Stress from inbound data errors
`10.21 Stress from interference
`10.22 Stress from burst collisions and loss of burst synchronisation
`10.23 Conclusions
`
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`183
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`19]
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`200
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`201
`201
`202
`202
`202
`203
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`204
`204
`205
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`

`
`
`Contents
`
`x1
`
`11 The PANDATAsystem K. Hodson
`11.1
`Introduction
`11.2. The PANDATAdata distribution system
`11.3. Modulation options
`11.3.1 Use of binary phase shift keying
`11.3.2. What is spread spectrum?
`11.3.3. BPSK spread spectrum as an option in the
`PANDATAsystem
`11.4 Call-by-call and demand assignment
`11.5
` PANDATAsystem design
`11.5.1 The non-spread BPSK demodulator
`11.5.2 The spread spectrum BPSK demodulator
`PANDATAtransmission analysis
`11.6
`PANDATAapplications
`11.7.
`11.8 Conclusions
`11.9 Acknowledgments
`11.10 References
`
`12 The PolyCom system L. Fleury
`12.1
`Introduction
`12.2. The PolyCom organisation
`12.3. Statement of the requirement
`12.4 Design aspects
`12.4.1 Technical issues
`12.4.2. Modulation and multiple access
`12.4.2.1
`SCPC
`12.4.2.2 Spread spectrum
`12.4.2.3 TDMA
`12.4.3. Multiplexing, network management and addressing
`system
`12.4.4 Choice of transmission parameters
`12.4.4.1. Transmission of synchronous channels
`12.4.4.2 Error correction
`12.4.5 Remote terminal configuration
`12.5 The system in its present form
`12.5.1 Multiplexing and addressing sub-system
`12.5.2 Management sub-system
`12.5.3. Modulation equipment
`12.5.4 Remote terminals (receive-only VSATs)
`Services offered to clients
`12.6.1 Technical parameters
`12.7. Representative networks
`12.7.1 Agence France-Presse
`12.7.2
`Société de Diffusion des Informations Boursiéres
`(SDIB)
`12.7.3. Meteorologie Nationale Frangaise
`12.7.4 Videography
`12.8 Market characteristics in Europe
`12.9 Conclusions
`
`12.6
`
`213
`213
`213
`213
`213
`215
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`218
`219
`220
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`224
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`227
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`228
`228
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`230
`230
`230
`230
`232
`
`232
`232
`232
`232
`202
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`233
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`234
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`239
`235
`235
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`23
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`

`

`xil_
`
`Contents
`
`-
`
`13 APOLLO:a satellite based information distribution system
`H.H. Fromm
`13.1
`Introduction
`13.2. APOLLOapplication requirements
`13.2.1 User requirements
`13.2.2 Operator requirements
`13.3. APOLLOsystem architecture
`13.4 Transmission aspects
`13.5 Communication protocols
`13.6 Equipment description
`13.6.1 Receive-only earth stations (ROES)
`13.6.2 Transmit/receive channel units
`13.6.3
`Satellite access controller
`13.6.4 Data station controllers
`13.6.5 APOLLO terminals
`13.6.5.1 DOCument Archive
`13.6.5.2 Standard DOCument Terminal (SDOCT)
`13.6.5.3. Enhanced DOCument Terminal (EDOCT)
`System integration andtesting
`13.7
`13.8 The future
`13.9 Appendix. Satellite access protocol
`13.10 Appendix. The APOLLOlink and network layer protocols
`13.10.1 General
`13.10.2 Lower layer protocols
`13.10.2.1 APOLLO Link Protocol connection-less
`13.10.2.2 APOLLO Network Protocol connection-less
`13.10.3 APOLLO Connection-less Protocols (end-to-end)
`13.10.3.1 Transport layer
`13.10.3.2 Session layer.
`13.10.3.3. Presentation layer
`13.10.3.4 Application layer
`13.10.4 APOLLO Connection-less delivery scenario
`
`14 Data broadcasting within a satellite television channel
`H.H. Fromm and B. Salkeld
`14.1
`Introduction
`14.2 The MAC/packet concept
`14.3 Data transmission requirements
`14.4 General purpose data transmission protocol and service
`identification
`14.5 Generalised data transmission concept
`14.6 Typical data broadcast receiver architecture
`14.7. Conclusions
`14.8 Acknowledgments
`14.9 Bibliography
`
`15 The AT&T Tridom VSATsystem J. Stratigos
`15.1
`Introduction
`
`240
`240
`240
`241
`241
`241
`242
`245
`246
`246
`
`249
`249
`251
`251
`
`252
`252
`254
`254
`257
`257
`257
`258
`259
`260
`260
`261
`264
`264
`264
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`270
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`276
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`24
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`24
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`

`Contents
`
`xiii
`
`15.6
`
`15.2. Network overview
`15.3. The Clearlink VSAT
`15.3.1 Antenna
`15.3.2. Outdoor unit
`15.3.3.
`Interconnecting cable
`15.3.4
`Indoor unit
`15.3.5 Remote terminal processor
`15.3.6 VSAT option cards
`15.3.6.1 Continuousservice option
`15.3.6.2. Broadcast interface card
`15.3.6.3. Multiport interface card
`15.3.6.4 Modem sharing option
`15.4 Host interface
`15.5 The Clearlink hub station
`15.5.1
`Hubstation functions
`15.5.2 Hub equipmentavailability
`15.5.3. Switching system
`Internal network architecture
`15.6.1
`Protocol layers
`15.6.2 Clearlink network protocols
`15.6.2.1
`Link level protocols
`15.6.2.2. Multiple access protocols
`15.6.2.3. Network level protocols
`15.7 User interface protocols
`15.7.1
`SDLC
`15.7.2 BISYNC
`15.7.3. Asynchronous
`15.7.4 X25
`15.8 Network management
`15.8.1
`NCCspecifications
`15.8.2 VSAT network management operation
`15.8.3 Network managementfunctions
`15.8.4
`Problem determination
`15.8.5
`VSATstart-up and shut-down
`15.9 Application examples
`15.9.1 Days Inns of America
`15.9.2. Farmland Industries
`15.10 Conclusions
`
`16 The HNS family of VSAT systems D. McGovern
`16.1
`Introduction
`16.2. Design and market concepts
`16.3 Realisation of design
`16.4
`System descriptions
`16.4.1 The Integrated Services Business Network (ISBN)
`16.4.1.1 ALOHA mode
`16.4.1.2 Stream mode
`16.4.1.3. Transaction reservation
`
`25
`
`276
`278
`278
`279
`280
`281
`281
`282
`282
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`282
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`284
`284
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`|
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`|
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`

`

`xiv
`
`Contents
`
`16.5
`16.6
`
`16.7
`16.8
`
`16.4.2 Telephony Earth Station (TES)
`16.4.3.
`inTELEconference
`System performance
`Applications
`16.6.1 Barnett Bank
`16.6.2. Chrysler
`16.6.3 Circuit City
`16.6.4 Chevron
`Future developments — the way forward
`Appendixes
`16.8.1
`Integrated Satellite Business Network (ISBN)
`16.8.2. Telephony Earth Station
`16.8.3.
`inTELEconference
`
`173
`17.4
`
`301
`302
`303
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`323
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`324
`
`17 The NEC NEXTARVSATsystem A. Fujii and I.W. Woodhouse
`17.1
`Introduction
`17.2
`System overview
`17.2.1 NEXTAR VSATs
`17.2.2 Central hub station
`17.2.3
`Satellite
`17.2.4 Modulation and access scheme
`17.2.5
`Satellite network control centre
`Satellite network design
`Adaptive assignment/time division multiple access (AA/TDMA)
`17.4.1 General
`17.4.2. Random access TDMA
`17.4.3. Demand access TDMA
`17.4.4 AA/TDMA
`17.4.4.1.
`Inbound and outbound data channels
`17.4.4.2. Random access and reservation
`17.4.4.3.
`Protocol conversion
`17.4.5 Error and flow control
`17.4.5.1 Error control
`17.4.5.2
`Flow control
`Satellite network control processor (SNCP)
`17.5.1 General
`17.5.2
`SNCP system functions
`17.5.2.1_ Network concept
`17.5.2.2 Network monitoring
`17.5.2.3. Network control
`17.5.2.4 Network configuration control
`17.5.2.5
`Statistical information
`17.5.2.6 Network configuration information
`management
`System monitor consoles
`17.5.3.
`Hub and VSATterminal equipment
`17.6.1 General
`17.6.2
`Hub station configuration
`
`17.5
`
`17.6
`
`324
`
`26
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`17.6.2.1 RF equipment
`17.6,.2.2
`IF/baseband equipment
`17.6.3. VSAT configuration
`17.6.3.1 Antenna
`17.6.3.2 Outdoor unit
`17.6.3.3.
`Indoor unit
`17.7 Conclusions
`
`18 The Fastar VSAT system P. Bolton
`18.1
`Introduction
`18.1.1 General
`18.1.2
`System comparison
`18.1.3. TDMA/spread spectrum
`18.1.4 SCPC DAMAnetwork
`18.2 Operation of the Fastar SCPC DAMAnetwork
`18.2.1
`System architecture
`18.2.2. Channel assignment
`18.2.3. Access channel
`18.2.4 Control channel
`18.2.5
`Sizing of the VSAT network
`18.2.6 Message channel
`18.3. VSAT hardware
`18.3.1 WSAT RF equipment
`18.3.2 RF outdoor equipment
`18.3.3. RF indoorunit
`18.3.4 VSAT controller M2770
`18.3.4.1_ M2385 data demultiplexer
`18.3.4.2 M2384 data multiplexer
`18.3.4.3 VSAT data modulator CD-73033-10
`18.3.4.4 VSAT data demodulator CD-73033-12
`18.3.4.5 EPROM card M2749
`18.3.4.6 Line interface equipment M2750
`18.4 Hub equipment
`18.4.1 Background
`18.4.2. Hub RF equipment
`18.4.3. Hub data equipment
`18.4.3.1 M2318 hub descrambler
`18.4.3.2 M2318 data buffer
`18.4.3.3. Hub switch M2327 (optional)
`18.4.3.4 M2316 multiplexer and system timing
`18.4.3.5 M2326 hub control processor buffer
`18.4.4 Hub software
`18.4.5 Hub modem equipment CD-73033-24
`18.4.5.1_ Hub demodulators CD-73033-11
`18.4.5.2 Hub modulator CD-73033-13
`18.5 Conclusions
`
`xv
`324
`325
`326
`326
`326
`329
`331
`
`332
`$32
`332
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`332
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`27
`
`27
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`

`

`xvi
`
`Contents
`
`
`
`349
`19 Satellite based messaging systems Y.S. Rao
`349
`19.1
`Introduction
`349
`19.1.1 Background
`350
`19.1.2. Application of messaging systems
`350
`19.2 Network design
`351]
`19.2.1
`System architecture
`351
`19.2.1.1
`Fully connected network
`35]
`19.2.1.2 Network with a single hub (star network)
`352
`19.2.1.3. Network with multiple hubs
`354
`19.2.2 Comparison of architectures
`355
`19.3 Multiaccess techniques
`356
`19.3.1
`Polling schemes
`356
`19.3.2 Reservation schemes
`356
`19.3.3. Demand assignment schemes
`357
`19.3.4 Random access schemes
`BT
`19.4 Message switch design
`358
`19.4.1
`Functions of messaging systems
`358
`19.5. Summary
`359
`19.6
`‘Typical national messaging system design
`363
`19.7 Appendix. Satellite based rural telegraph network
`363
`19.7.1
`Introduction
`364
`19.7.2 Network access scheme
`364
`19.7.3. Equipmentatrural telegraph station
`364
`19.7.3.1| RF and modem section
`
`19.7.3.2|Message terminalsection 365
`19.7.4 Equipment at masterstation
`366
`19.7.4.1 RF and modem section
`366
`19.7.4.2 Message switch section at the hub
`366
`Special features of RTT
`367
`19.7.5.1 Direct 6GHz modulation
`367
`19.7.5.2
`Single stage downconversion
`367
`19.7.5.3 Automatic frequency control
`367
`19.7.6 Conclusion
`367
`19.8 Acknowledgments
`368
`19.9 References
`368
`
`19.7.5
`
`20 Ka-band VSAT system R.E. Ward
`20.1
`Introduction
`20.2
`System objective
`20.3. Why Ka-band?
`20.4
`Phase noise
`20.5 VSAT network
`20.6
`Specification overview
`20.7
`Performance assessment
`20.8
`Sub-system design issues
`20.8.1 Antenna
`20.8.2 The feed horn
`20.8.3.
`Low noise amplifier (LNA)
`
`369
`369
`369
`369
`371
`371
`373
`374
`374
`374
`374
`374
`
`
`
`28
`
`28
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`XVii
`
`Solid state power amplifier (SSPA)
`20.8.4
`20.8.5 Downconverters
`20.8.6 Local oscillators (LOs)
`20.8.7 Conversion stages
`20.8.7.1
`Single stage downconversion
`20.8.7.2 Dual stage downconversion
`20.8.7.3. Upconversion
`System integration
`20.9.1 Options
`20.9.1.1 Option |
`20.9.1.2 Option 2
`20.9.1.3. Option 3 (prototype configuration)
`20.9.1.4 Option 4 (alternative prototype
`configuration)
`Indoor unit
`20.9.2.
`System