IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`Robert J. Davies
`In re Patent of:
`6,993,049 Attorney Docket No.: 39521-0056IP1
`U.S. Patent No.:
`January 31, 2006
`Issue Date:
`Appl. Serial No.: 09/876,514
`Filing Date:
`June 7, 2001
`Title:
`COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`Mail Stop Patent Board
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`
`SECOND DECLARATION OF DR. CHARLES D. KNUTSON
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`1
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`APPLE 1008
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`

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`1. My name is Charles D. Knutson. I am over the age of 18, have personal
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`knowledge of the facts set forth herein, and am competent to testify to the
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`same.
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`2. The IrDA Object Exchange Protocol, Version 1.2 (“IrOBEX”; Ex. 1006)
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`was publically available as of the March 18, 1999 date listed on the
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`document. Ex. 1006, 1. Specifically, as discussed below, the IrOBEX
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`protocol was published on a website, www.irda.org, maintained by the
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`Infrared Data Association and available to the general public through the
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`website. The IrOBEX protocol also was distributed to IrDA members
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`through IrDA’s email reflector list.
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`3. I have personal knowledge that the IrOBEX v.1.2 specification was
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`published at that time and was available to members of the public. For
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`instance, I personally accessed the IrOBEX v.1.2 specification multiple
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`times through the www.irda.org website after March 18, 1999. Further to
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`my personal knowledge, and as explained in more detail below, I have
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`attached appendices as additional documentation from the Internet Archives
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`that show the availability of the IrOBEX v.1.2 specification online shortly
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`after March 18, 1999.
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`4. In 1999, the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) was an association of over
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`150 companies worldwide focused on providing standards to ensure the
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`2
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`quality and interoperability of infrared data communications technology.
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`App. 10AA, 1. IrDA was founded in 1993 as a non-profit organization.
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`App. 10BB, 1. IrDA’s mission was to create and promote interoperable,
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`low-cost infrared data interconnection standards that support a walk-up,
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`point-to-point user model. App. 10BB, 1. As part of this mission, IrDA
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`developed and published communication protocols and/or specifications.
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`App. 10BB, 1-2 (“IrDA publishes the IrDA specification”).
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`5. Specifically, in the ordinary course of its regularly conducted business
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`activities, and pursuant to its standard business practices, IrDA published
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`technical specifications and/or protocols and other documents related to the
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`development of short-range wireless data communication standards. Such
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`documents were published for the purposes of discussion and establishment
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`of industry standards for short-range infrared communications.
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`6. In 1999, I was the Chair of IrDA’s Test and Interop Committee. App.
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`10CC, 1. The Test and Interop Committee was responsible for producing
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`measurement requirements to ensure compliance with IrDA standards,
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`establishing standards for interoperability between devices, and protecting
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`the integrity of the IrDA trademarks. The committee developed
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`documentation to assist device manufactuers in testing their products to
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`verify that they met the requirements of the specifications. Through my role
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`3
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`as one of the three IrDA Committee Chairs, I became familiar with IrDA’s
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`standard business practices involved in developing and publishing
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`communication standards. I also routinely visited IrDA’s website and
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`accessed standard documents from the website as needed.
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`7. In 1999, IrDA specifications and protocols were published on IrDA’s
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`website. As new versions of a specification or protocol were approved by
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`the IrDA member companies, IrDA would update its website and make the
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`new versions available online. The IrDA specifications or protocols were
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`made available to the general public through the website. Thus, the general
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`public had access to IrDA specification or protocol documents through the
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`irda.org website.
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`8. The general access and availability of IrDA’s website is evidenced through
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`the Internet Archive captures of the website shown in Exs. 10AA-10CC and
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`10EE-10II. App. 10DD, 8 (“the Archive collects web pages that are publicly
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`available”). The date at the top of the page of the Internet Archive
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`documents indicates the date on which a particular web page was archived
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`by the Internet Archive.
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`9. IrDA’s website also included search functionality. App. 10EE, 1. In
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`addition to locating IrDA content through general Internet search engines,
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`users could search the content of IrDA’s website through keyword searching
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`4
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`using the website’s search functionality. App. 10EE, 1. In this regard, the
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`IrDA website content, including the specifications or protocols, was indexed
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`for keyword searching.
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`10. Appendix 10FF provides a table that lists the IrDA specifications available
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`on IrDA’s website on October 11, 1999. App. 10FF, 1-2; App. 10DD, 8
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`(“Date/Time of Wayback captures”). As shown in the last row of the table
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`on page 1, the website included a listing for a specification named “IrOBEX
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`1.2” with a description of “IrDA Object Exchange Protocol (362KB).” App.
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`10FF, 1. The listing included a link (“Get specification.”) that visitors to the
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`website could use to download the “IrOBEX 1.2” specification. App. 10DD,
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`1. As noted on the website and based on my personal knowledge, the
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`documents were made “available at no charge” to the general public. App.
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`10FF, 1.
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`11. Based on my personal knowledge, I recognize Exhibit 1006 (“IrOBEX”) as
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`a true and correct copy of the “IrOBEX 1.2” specification made available
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`through the link (“Get specification.”) shown in Appendix 10FF. Based on
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`my personal knowledge of IrDA’s website and as noted in Appendix 10FF,
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`the “IrOBEX 1.2” specification was published and freely available on
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`IrDA’s website by at least October 11, 1999, likely earlier. As mentioned
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`above, in 1999, I was an IrDA Committee Chair and gained extensive
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`5
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`knowledge of IrDA’s business practices and operation of its website. Also,
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`through my work with IrDA, I personally reviewed the “IrOBEX 1.2”
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`specification during this time frame and routinely accessed specifications
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`from the IrDA website, including the “IrOBEX 1.2” specification. From my
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`recollection, Exhibit 1006 (“IrOBEX”) is a true and correct copy of the
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`“IrOBEX 1.2” specification that was generally available for download on
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`IrDA’s website in 1999, at least by October 11, 1999.
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`12. Further, by 1999, more than 150 companies were members of the Infrared
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`Data Association and generally included those interested in the discussion,
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`creation, and adoption of short-range wireless communication standards.
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`App. 10AA, 1; App. 10GG, 1-3 (“Membership Roster 1998”); App. 10HH,
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`1-3 (“Membership Roster 1999”). Each of these companies typically
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`delegated multiple individuals to regularly participate in quarterly IrDA
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`meetings, which were also open to the general public. As an IrDA
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`Committee Chair, I consistently attended these meetings.
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`13. Further, pursuant to IrDA’s standard business practices, IrDA notified its
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`members of standard publications using its email reflector list. App. 10II, 1
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`(“communications via IrDA Internet e-mail reflector”). Based on my
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`personal knowledge, Ex. 1006 (“IrOBEX”) would have been distributed to
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`6
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`IrDA members on IrDA’s email reflector upon its publication on March 18,
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`1999.
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`14. As further evidence of the public availability of Exhibit 1006 (“IrOBEX”)
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`by at least October 11, 1999, IrDA Object Exchange Protocol, Version 1.2
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`was regularly cited by authors in the 1999 and early 2000 time frame. For
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`example, John R. Bell filed a patent application on October 22, 1999 that
`
`cited “the IrDA Standard as described in the IrOBEX Specification ‘IrDA
`
`Object Exchange Protocol’, Version 1.2, Counterpoint Systems Foundry, Inc
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`and Microsoft Corporation, Mar. 18, 1999.” App. 10JJ, 2:27-32. As another
`
`example, Lars Novak, Björn Ekberg, and Andreas Jönsson filed a patent
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`application on May 10, 2000 (claiming priority to September 20, 1999)
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`explaining that “[o]ne of the protocol standards published by the IrDA is
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`OBEX … For more information regarding OBEX, the interested reader
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`should refer to ‘IrDA Object Exchange Protocol IrOBEX’, Counterpoint
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`Systems Foundry, Inc., Version 1.2, Mar. 18, 1999 …” App. 10KK, 1:33-
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`49. As yet another example, Ari Tourunen filed a patent application on July
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`2, 1999 citing “IrDA Object Exchange Protocol 1.2” and explaining that
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`“IrDA standards and protocols are available over the internet from the
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`Infrared Data Association at www.irda.org.” App. 10LL, 2:10-11. As these
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`citations confirm, the IrDA Object Exchange Protocol, Version 1.2 (Ex.
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`7
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`1006; “IrOBEX”) was publicly available to persons of ordinary skill in the
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`art through IrDA’s website as discussed above.
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`15. Appendix 10AA is a true and correct copy of the Internet Archive capture of
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`the website www.irda.org from February 24, 1999. Based on my personal
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`knowledge of the IrDA website from 1999, the Internet Archive capture
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`reflects an accurate representation of the website www.irda.org as it existed
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`at the time of capture.
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`16. Appendix 10BB is a true and correct copy of the Internet Archive capture of
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`the website http://irda.org:80/about/indAppendixasp from February 24,
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`1999. Based on my personal knowledge of the IrDA website from 1999, the
`
`Internet Archive capture reflects an accurate representation of the website
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`http://irda.org:80/about/indAppendixasp as it existed at the time of capture.
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`17. Appendix 10CC is a true and correct copy of the Internet Archive capture of
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`the website http://www.irda.org:80/about/officers.asp from October 8, 1999.
`
`Based on my personal knowledge of the IrDA website from 1999, the
`
`Internet Archive capture reflects an accurate representation of the website
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`http://www.irda.org:80/about/officers.asp as it existed at the time of capture.
`
`18. Appendix 10DD is a true and correct copy of the Internet Archive’s
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`Frequently Asked Questions website
`
`
`
`8
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`https://archive.org/about/faqs.php#The_Wayback_Machine from November
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`9, 2018.
`
`19. Appendix 10EE is a true and correct copy of the Internet Archive capture of
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`the website http://irda.org:80/search.asp from April 17, 1999. Based on my
`
`personal knowledge of the IrDA website from 1999, the Internet Archive
`
`capture reflects an accurate representation of the website
`
`http://irda.org:80/search.asp as it existed at the time of capture.
`
`20. Appendix 10FF is a true and correct copy of the Internet Archive capture of
`
`the website http://www.irda.org:80/standards/specifications.asp from
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`October 11, 1999. Based on my personal knowledge of the IrDA website
`
`from 1999, the Internet Archive capture reflects an accurate representation
`
`of the website http://www.irda.org:80/standards/specifications.asp as it
`
`existed at the time of capture.
`
`21. Appendix 10GG is a true and correct copy of the Internet Archive capture of
`
`the website http://irda.org:80/members/members.asp from February 19,
`
`1999. Based on my personal knowledge of the IrDA website from 1999, the
`
`Internet Archive capture reflects an accurate representation of the website
`
`http://irda.org:80/members/members.asp as it existed at the time of capture.
`
`22. Appendix 10HH is a true and correct copy of the Internet Archive capture of
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`the website http://irda.org:80/members/members.asp from November 10,
`
`
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`9
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`1999. Based on my personal knowledge of the IrDA website from 1999, the
`
`Internet Archive capture reflects an accurate representation of the website
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`http://irda.org:80/members/members.asp as it existed at the time of capture.
`
`23. Appendix 10II is a true and correct copy of the Internet Archive capture of
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`the website http://www.irda.org:80/about/application.asp from October 8,
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`1999. Based on my personal knowledge of the IrDA website from 1999, the
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`Internet Archive capture reflects an accurate representation of the website
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`http://www.irda.org:80/about/application.asp as it existed at the time of
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`capture.
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`24. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct. I
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`hereby declare that all statements made herein of my own knowledge are
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`true and that all statements made on information and belief are believed to
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`be true; and further that these statements were made the knowledge that
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`willful false statements and the like so made are punishable by fine or
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`imprisonment, or both, under Section 1001 of Title 18 of the United States
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`Code.
`
`
`Dated: November 11, 2018
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`
`
`Charles D. Knutson
`
`
`
`10
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`

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`APPENDIX 10AA
`
`APPENDIX 10AA
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`11
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`11
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`

`

`http://irda.org
`
`500 captures
`27 Dec 1996 - 1 Oct 2018
`
`Go DEC FEB APR
`24
`1998 1999 2000
`
`(cid:66) ⍰ ❎
`f (cid:64)
`▾ About this capture
`
`The IrDA is an association of
`over 150 companies world wide
`focused on providing IR
`standards to ensure the quality
`and interoperability of the
`Infrared Technology.
`
`Hewlett-Packard
`Sponsors of the IrDA January General Meeting in San Francisco
`
`About IrDA| Standards| IrDA Members| Design with IrDA| Products| Using IrDA| News/Events| Homepage| Feedback
`
`12
`
`

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`APPENDIX 10BB
`
`APPENDIX IOBB
`
`13
`
`13
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`

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`http://irda.org:80/about/index.asp
`
`29 captures
`24 Feb 1999 - 7 Sep 2015
`
`Go
`
`JAN FEB APR
`24
`1998 1999 2000
`
`(cid:66) ⍰ ❎
`f (cid:64)
`▾ About this capture
`
`Designi
`ng with
`
`IrDA, The Infrared Data Association
`
`The
`Company:
`Headquarters: Walnut Creek, California
`Key Dates:
`1993: Founded as a non-profit organization
`Strategy:
`IrDA is an International Organization that creates
`and promotes interoperable, low cost infrared data
`interconnection standards that support a walk-up,
`point-to-point user model. The standards support a
`broad range of appliances, computing and
`communications devices.
`IrDA has over 150 members drawn from major
`hardware, systems, software, peripherals,
`component, and communications manufactureres,
`cable and telephone companies, automobile and
`service providers.
`
`Membership:
`
`Committees
`
`Disclaimer
`
`TECHNICAL MILESTONES
`
`February
`1998
`
`November
`1997
`
`October
`1997
`
`October
`1997
`
`July 1997
`
`January
`1997
`
`IrDA publishes IrDA Control, a new standard
`specification for cordless human input devices (i.e.
`mice, keyboards, joysticks and gamepads).
`IrDA publishes IrMC, a new standard specification for
`interoperability between mobile communication
`devices.
`Desktop Charter meeting establishes wireless infrared
`connectivity between desktop computers and
`peripheral devices such as cameras, PDA’s cellular
`phones and handheld pcs initiative.
`IrDA publishes IrTran-P (Infrared Picture Transfer)
`standard specification for image exchange used in
`Digital Image capture devices/cameras.
`Automobile Charter Meeting establishes infrared Bi-
`Directional standards initiative
`Telecommunications Charter Meeting to draft proposal
`for standards that will empower wireless
`communications devices, (i.e. cellular phones, pagers)
`to transfer information using bi-directional IrDA.
`
`14
`
`

`

`http://irda.org:80/about/index.asp
`
`29 captures
`24 Feb 1999 - 7 Sep 2015
`
`Go
`
`JAN FEB APR
`24
`1998 1999 2000
`
`(cid:66) ⍰ ❎
`f (cid:64)
`▾ About this capture
`
`November
`1995
`
`October
`1995
`June 1994
`
`September
`1993
`June 1993
`
`Microsoft announced support for IrDA connectivity to
`Windows 95, enabling low-cost wireless connectivity
`between Windows 95 based PC's and peripheral
`devices
`Released extensions to SIR standard including 4Mbs
`
`IrDA publishes the IrDA specification which includes
`Serial Infrared (SIR) Infrared Link, Protocol Stack Link
`Access Protocol (IrLAP), and Link Management
`Protocol (IrLMP).
`IrDA determines basis for the IrDA Serial Infrared (SIR)
`Physical Layer Link Specification
`
`IrDA Charter Meeting of 50 Companies.
`
`About IrDA | Background | Officers | Board of Directors | Committees | Staff | Schedule/Events |
`Application | Benefits | Disclaimer
`
`About IrDA| Standards| IrDA Members| Design with IrDA| Products| Using IrDA| News/Events| Homepage| Feedback
`
`15
`
`

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`APPENDIX 10CC
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`APPENDIX 10CC
`
`16
`
`16
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`

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`http://www.irda.org:80/about/officers.asp
`
`21 captures
`8 Oct 1999 - 9 Apr 2004
`
`Go
`
`SEP OCT JUN
`08
`1998 1999 2000
`
`(cid:66) ⍰ ❎
`f (cid:64)
`▾ About this capture
`
`Officers
`
`Committees
`
`Executive Director
`President
`Vice President
`Secretary
`Treasurer
`Marketing Chair
`Marketing CoChair - Market
`Requirements
`Marketing CoChair - Market
`Development
`Technical Chair
`
`Disclaimer
`
`Technical CoChair - Protocol
`
`Technical CoChair - Physical
`Test and Interop Chair
`
`Test and Interop CoChair - Test
`Test and Interop CoChair -
`Interop
`
`Lawrence Faulkner (IrDA)
`Mike Watson (Calibre)
`Eng Tan (Hewlett-Packard)
`Daphne Terrell(IrDA)
`Vanessa Hutchison (ESI)
`Brian Ingham (IBM)
`Robert Stuart (Sharp Electronics)
`
`(OPEN)
`
`Dave Suvak (Counterpoint
`Systems)
`Gontarou Kitazumi (Okaya
`Systemware Co Ltd.)
`Ray Chock (Calibre)
`Charles D. Knutson (Counterpoint
`Systems)
`John Petrilla (Hewlett Packard)
`Mitsuji Matsumoto (Waseda Unv.)
`
`About IrDA | Background | Officers | Board of Directors | Committees | Staff |
`Schedule/Events | Application | Benefits | Disclaimer
`
`About IrDA| Standards| IrDA Members| Design with IrDA| Products| Using IrDA| News/Events| Homepage| Feedback
`
`17
`
`

`

`http://www.irda.org:80/about/officers.asp
`
`21 captures
`8 Oct 1999 - 9 Apr 2004
`
`Go
`
`SEP OCT JUN
`08
`1998 1999 2000
`
`(cid:66) ⍰ ❎
`f (cid:64)
`▾ About this capture
`
`18
`
`

`

`APPENDIX 10DD
`
`APPENDIX IODD
`
`19
`
`19
`
`

`

`(cid:93)
`
`Search FAQs
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`Questions
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`The Internet Archive is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. It receives in-kind and
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`The Internet Archive focuses on preservation and providing access to digital cultural
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`updated daily. For items they are shown on the right side of the details page. These
`are updated daily. Search results pages also show the "views" to the left of the page
`title. These numbers may differ from those on item and collection pages because they
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`What is a "view"?
`A "view" used to be called a "download" on archive.org. How are "views" counted?
`archive.org calculates a view as: one action (read a book, download a file, watch a
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`accessing from multiple accounts in a single day will only count as one view.
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`Item pages are updated daily so the current number would reflect the count through
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`Collection counts shown in the graph on the "About" page are updated monthly.
`Other Internet Archive stats links
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`21
`
`

`

`Questions
`Where is advanced
`search?
`What search APIs are
`available
`Can I search by Creative
`Commons license?
`How do I sort search
`results
`How do I search just
`within a collection?
`How can I use list view
`instead of tile view?
`What is indexed in the
`search engine?
`
`Search Tips
`Where is advanced search?
`
`On archive.org there is an "Advanced Search" link just below the search input field.
`For searches done in the search field in the top black nav bar the "Advanced Search"
`link will be present on the search results page just below the search input field.
`What search APIs are available
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`Information about how to use the various search APIs can be found at
`https://archive.org/help/aboutsearch.htm
`Can I search by Creative Commons license?
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`Yes, you can. But it's a little complicated.
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`Here's how to break it down. See the license types at creative commons. When you
`want to find all of the items assigned a certain license by an uploading party, you'll
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`licenseurl:http*abbreviation*
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`So if you're looking for Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd), you'd put
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`licenseurl:http*by-nc-nd*
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`If you want to use this in combination with other queries, like "I want by-nc-nd items
`about dogs" you'd do this:
`licenseurl:http*by-nc-nd* AND dog.
`The AND tells the search engine all the items returned should have that license AND
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`Just to make it easier, here are the basic searches:
`• Public Domain
`• Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd)
`• Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (by-nc-sa)
`• Attribution Non-commercial (by-nc)
`• Attribution No Derivatives (by-nd)
`• Attribution Share Alike (by-sa)
`• Attribution (by)
`How do I sort search results
`
`The "SORT BY" bar has options to allow you to control which results are displayed, in
`what order and what "view":
`
`How do I search just within a collection?
`
`On a collection page there will be a "Search this Collection" input field on the right side
`of the page. Enter a term there and hit your return/enter key. The results will be of
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`
`For advanced boolean search you can use "AND collection:[IDENTIFIER]" in your
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`How can I use list view instead of tile view?
`
`22
`
`

`

`For most search results pages you can choose the view in the "Sort by" bar; Tile view
`(the icon with three rectangles) or List view (the icon with multiple lines.) Tile view is
`the default view.
`What is indexed in the search engine?
`
`Only the metadata in an item page is indexed. So the search engine does not have the
`text of books, individual file metadata or embedded metadata.
`
`23
`
`

`

`Questions
`How did you digitize the
`films?
`Do I need to inform the
`Internet Archive and/or
`Prelinger Archives when I
`reuse these movies?
`How can I get access to
`stock footage from these
`films?
`An article on re-coding
`Prelinger Archive films to
`SVCD so you can watch
`them on your DVD player.
`Do I need to credit the
`Internet Archive and
`Prelinger Archives when I
`reuse these movies?
`What parameters were
`used when making the
`Real Media files on the
`website?
`Are there restrictions on
`the use of the Prelinger
`Films?
`Can you point me to
`resources on the history
`of ephemeral films?
`Why are there very few
`post-1964 movies in the
`Prelinger collection?
`For more information...
`
`Prelinger Movies
`How did you digitize the films?
`
`The Prelinger Archives films are held in original film form (35mm, 16mm, 8mm, Super
`8mm, and various obsolete formats like 28mm and 9.5mm). Films were first
`transferred to Betacam SP videotape, a widely used analog broadcast video standard,
`on telecine machines manufactured by Rank Cintel or Bosch. The film-to-tape transfer
`process is not a real-time process: It requires inspection of the film, repair of any
`physical damage, and supervision by a skilled operator who manipulates color,
`contrast, speed, and video controls.
`
`The videotape masters created in the film-to-tape transfer suite were digitized in 2001-
`2003 at Prelinger Archives in New York City using an encoding workstation built by
`Rod Hewitt. The workstation is a 550 MHz PC with a FutureTel NS320 MPEG encoder
`card. Custom software, also written by Rod Hewitt, drove the Betacam SP playback
`deck and managed the encoding process. The files were uploaded to hard disk
`through the courtesy of Flycode, Inc.
`
`More recently, Prelinger films have been digitized and uploaded by Skip Elsheimer at
`AV Geeks. We are also digitizing home movies and other materials on Internet
`Archive's ScanStation scanner.
`
`The files were encoded at constant bitrates ranging from 2.75 Mbps to 3.5 Mbps. Most
`were encoded at 480 x 480 pixels (2/3 D1) or 368 x 480 (roughly 1/2 D1). The encoder
`drops horizontal pixels during the digitizing process, which during decoding are
`interpolated by the decoder to produce a 720 x 480 picture. (Rod Hewitt's site Coolstf
`shows examples of an image before and after this process.) Picture quality is equal to
`or better than most direct broadcast satellite television. Audio was encoded at MPEG-1
`Level 2, generally at 112 kbps. Both the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 movies have mono
`audio tracks.
`
`To convert the MPEG-2 video to MPEG-4, we used a program called FlasK MPEG.
`This is an MPEG-1/2 to AVI conversion tool that reads the source MPEG-2 and
`outputs an AVI file containing the video in MPEG-4 format and audio in uncompressed
`PCM format. We then use a program called Virtual Dub that recompresses the audio
`using the MPEG-1 Level 3 (MP3) format. This process is automated by the software
`that runs the system.
`Do I need to inform the Internet Archive and/or Prelinger Archives when I reuse
`these movies?
`
`No. However, we would very much like to know how you have used this material, and
`we'd be thrilled to see what you've made with it. This may well help us improve this
`site. Please consider sending us a copy of your production (postal mail only), and let
`us know whether we can call attention to it on the site. Our address is:
`
`Rick Prelinger
`PO Box 590622
`San Francisco, CA 94159
`United States
`How can I get access to stock footage from these films?
`
`Access to the movies stored on this site in videotape or film form is available to
`commercial users through Getty Images, representing Prelinger Archives for stock
`footage sales. Please contact Getty Images directly:
`
`Getty Images
`
`24
`
`

`

`Please visit us at www.prelinger.com/prelarch.html for more information on access to
`these and similar films. Prelinger Archives regrets that it cannot generally provide
`access to movies stored on this Web site in other ways than through the site itself. We
`recognize that circumstances may arise when such access should be granted, and we
`welcome email requests. Please address them to Rick Prelinger.
`
`The Internet Archive does not provide access to these films other than through this
`site.
`An article on re-coding Prelinger Archive films to SVCD so you can watch them
`on your DVD player.
`
`See archived version of www.moviebone.com/
`Do I need to credit the Internet Archive and Prelinger Archives when I reuse
`these movies?
`
`We ask that you credit us as a source of archival material, in order to help make others
`aware of this site. We suggest the following forms of credit:
`
`Archival footage supplied by Internet Archive (at archive.org) in association with
`Prelinger Archives
`
`or
`
`or
`
`Archival footage supplied by Internet Archive (at archive.org)
`
`"Archival footage supplied by archive.org"
`What parameters were used when making the Real Media files on the website?
`
`Rod Hewitt posted some very useful information here
`Are there restrictions on the use of the Prelinger Films?
`
`The films are available for reuse according to the Creative Commons licenses, if any,
`that appear with on each film's detail page. Pursuant to the Creative Commons
`license, you are warmly encouraged to download, use and reproduce these films in
`whole or in part, in any medium or market throughout the world. You are also warmly
`encouraged to share, exchange, redistribute, transfer and copy these films, and
`especially encouraged to do so for free.
`
`Any derivative works that you produce using these films are yours to perform, publish,
`reproduce, sell, or distribute in any way you wish without any limitations.
`
`Descriptions, synopses, shotlists and other metadata provided by Prelinger Archives to
`this site are copyrighted jointly by Prelinger Archives and Getty Images. They may be
`quoted, excerpted or reproduced for educational, scholarly, nonprofit or archival
`purposes, but may not be reproduced for commercial purposes of any kind without
`permission.
`
`If you require a written license agreement or need access to stock footage in a
`physical format (such as videotape or a higher-quality digital file), please contact Getty
`Images. The Internet Archive does not furnish written license agreements, nor does it
`comment on the rights status of a given film above and beyond the Creative Commons
`license.
`
`We would appreciate attribution or credit whenever possible, but do not require it.
`Can you point me to resources on the history of ephemeral films?
`
`See the bibliography and links to other resources at
`www.prelinger.com/ephemeral.html.
`Why are there very few post-1964 movies in the Prelinger collection?
`
`25
`
`

`

`Largely because of copyright law. While a high percentage of ephemeral films were
`never originally copyrighted or (if initially copyrighted) never had their copyrights
`properly renewed, copyright laws still protect most moving image works produced in
`the United States from 1964 to the present. Since the Prelinger collection on this site
`exists to supply material to users without most rights restrictions, every title has been
`checked for copyright status. Those titles that either are copyrighted or whose status is
`in question have not been made available. For information on recent changes in
`copyright law, see the circular Duration of Copyright (in PDF format) published by the
`Library of Congress
`For more information...
`
`Check out our Prelinger Archives Forum
`
`26
`
`

`

`Questions
`Can I link to old pages on
`the Wayback Machine?
`Who was involved in the
`creation of the Internet
`Archive Wayback
`Machine?
`How was the Wayback
`Machine made?
`How do you archive
`dynamic pages?
`How can I use the
`Wayback Machine’s Site
`Search to find websites?
`Can I search the Archive?
`How do I determine the
`Date/Time of Wayback
`captures?
`Do you collect all the sites
`on the Web?
`Why isn't the site I'm
`looking for in the archive?
`How can I have my site's
`pages excluded from the
`Wayback Machine?
`How can I use the
`Wayback Machine’s Site
`Search to find websites?
`Why is the Internet
`Archive collecting sites
`from the Internet? What
`makes the information
`useful?
`Do you archive email?
`Chat?
`How can I get a copy of
`the pages on my Web
`site? If my site got hacked
`or damaged, could I get a
`backup from the Archive?'
`Is there any personal
`information in these
`collections?
`Can I add pages to th