THE OXFORD
`
`ENGLISH
`
`DICTIONARY
`
`SECOND EDITION
`
`Prepared
`by
`
`J. A. SIMPSON and E. S. C. WEINER
`
`VOLUME I
`
`A-Bazouki
`
`CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD
`
`1989
`
`IPR2019-00128
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`

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`I. English language—Dictionaries
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`423
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-iii-Publication Data
`The Oxford English dictionarywznd ed.
`prepared by]. .4. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner
`Bibliography: p.
`ISBN 0~19-8612I3‘3(v0l. 1‘)
`ISBN o»19»86I18642 (set)
`1. English languagemDictionaries.
`I. Simpson, 3‘. A.
`II. W'einer, E. S. C.
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`

`AGGRAVATED
`(1840) 262/2 Falsehood will onlv aggravate your guilt. 1878
`GLADSTONE Prim. Home: in Cross wrong to his mother,
`aggravated by what follows with himself.
`7. To exasperate, incense, embitter (a person);
`farm to provoke, arouse the evil feelings of.
`1611 Corns, Alggmvanter. to ag ravate. exss crate. 1634
`T. HERBERT Tray. 93 This aggra valted the gersian king
`exceedingly to be so bearded. 17d RICHARDSON Clarissa
`(:811} I. 345 If both were to a
`rsvate her parents, as my
`brother and sister do mine. 185§§YHACKERAY Virg. xvii. 134
`Threats only sewed to aggravate people in such cases.
`b. To irritate, inflame (physmally).
`1880 Miss Bran japan l. 366 With stinging wood smoke
`aggravating the eyes.
`II]. To add weight unduly.
`8. To make the most of; to represent (a thing)
`as graver, more serious, or more important; to
`exaggerate. Obs. exc. in cxtenston of 6.
`c 1555 llaarsrraw Divorce Hen. VIII(1878} r79 Setting
`forth and aggravating the great spoil late made in Rome.
`1580 BARE? Alvearie A231 To A grauate and make more
`then it is, Exaggerme rem. 1674 Nfinvltu. Reheat". Tramp.
`11. 220,
`l have not in the least a gravated your sense or
`words. E740 in Cal. Rec. Penn.
`l 3.
`41 You have greatly
`aggravated the number of Servants in isted by calling them
`several hundreds. 1876 FREEMAN Norm. Cong. Ill. xii. 251
`It was not hard, Whenever it was convenient, to insist on and
`to aggravate the offence.
`
`(f. prcc. +
`
`aggravated (’aegrsvemd), ppl. a.
`451).]
`1* l. Heaped up, charged. Obs.
`1603 GREENWEY Tacitus, Ann. 1v. vi. (1622) 96 For other
`things aggrauated against him, he was arraigned.
`#2. Increased, magnified. Obs. in gen. sense.
`15
`HALL Chum. Edw. V (R) Small'mattcrs aggrauated
`with einous names. 1727 THOMSON Summer 1 121 Follows
`the
`loosen’d aggravated roar. Enlarging, deepening,
`mingling.
`.
`‘
`~
`3. Increased in gravxty or seriousness: made
`worse, or more grievous;
`intensified in evil
`character.
`«11638 Mama Win.
`1. xxvii. 117 This Sacrilcdge or
`Sacrilegious
`act
`committed
`by Ananiss
`is. .partly
`aggravated by the inexcusablencss thereof. 1712 STEELE
`Specl. No. 472 l?! A poor Man in the Agony of Pain,
`aggravated by Want and Poverty. 1810 Socriiav Krhama 1.
`vii. W13. VIII. 5 For who could know What aggravated
`wrong Provoked the desperate blow! 186: STANLEY jewirh
`Cir.
`(1877)
`l.
`v.
`101 Calamities..exhibited here in
`aggravated forms.
`.
`irritated,
`4.
`firm. Exasperated,
`incensed,
`provoked.
`1611 Corns, Aggrevamé, aggravated, exasperated. 1848
`DICKENS Dombey 5 to ‘l'm very much obliged to you, Misses
`Brown,’ said the unfortunate youth, greatly aggravated.
`
`4.»
`
`aggravating ('itgroveitttj), vbl. Sb. [f. as prec. +
`—1NG’.] The process expressed by the verb
`AGGRAVATE. (Now mostly gerundial.)
`1659 .‘leLTON Clo. Power Wks.
`1851, 332 To the
`multiplying and the aggravating of sin to them both.
`.Mod.
`Relieving the pain instead of aggravating it.
`aggravating ('Eegraveltltjl), ppl. a. (f. as prec.
`—1No’.]
`l" l. Bringing a charge against; accusatory.
`Obs.
`1640-4 in Rushworth‘s Hist. Call. (1692) IV. 250 The
`Articles of lmpeachment..were carried up to the Lords,
`t em.
`agid a smart aggravating Speech made at the delivery of
`2. Adding weight, effect, intensity. Usually in
`an evrl sense, Making worse, or more heinous.
`1790 BEATSON Nov. 59'
`.Mil.
`.Mem. 1. 27 Dragged from
`their master‘s house, with very aggravating circumstances.
`3. firm. Exasperating, irritating, provoking.
`1775 Asa, Aggravan'ng, exaggerating, provoking. 1825
`Br. jouathan III. 383 Say no more, that's cnou h, rather
`aggravatin‘ though, at first. 1865 DICKENS Mm.
`r. xv. 381
`You‘re an .
`. aggravating, bad old creature!
`
`aggravatingly (’aegra,vettir311), adv. [f. prec. +
`—LY2.] In an aggravating manner; in a manner
`that makes worse, embitters, irritates, etc.
`a 1680 R. ALLESTREE 4o Semi. (1..) if I had worded this
`more aggravatingly. 1748 RICHARDSON Clarissa (181 I) 1. vii.
`43 My sister aggravatingly held up her hands. 1861 .41! Yr.
`Round 3 Aug. 4.47 The aggravatingly wakeful condition of
`the inhabitants.
`
`aggravation (mgra‘veil‘sn). Also 5 agrauacion.
`[Prob 3. Fr. aggravation (Cotgr. 161!) ad. L.
`aggravtitién—em, n. of action f. aggravti-re: see
`AGGRAVATE (2.]
`£73.
`Of 1. The laying on of burdens, oppression.
`1481 CAXTON Myriam m. x. 153 Nature may not sufi‘rc ..
`the sodeyn agrsuacions no griefs. of whichc by their folyes
`they trauaylle nature.
`T2. The charging as an offence; accusation.
`Obs.
`1647 MAY Hist. Pail. 1.
`ix. 112 Several! Members were
`a 1 did, making large speeches in aggravation oftheir crimes.
`appointed to present these particular charges. . which they
`1675 BAXTER Goth. Theol. 11.
`i. 212,
`I only answer your
`aggravation of uncomfortablencss of their Doctrine.
`3. Eccles. {See quot.)
`1611 COTGR., Aggratration. .a curse, excommunication, or
`excoriation denounced against an obstinate offender.
`I751
`CHAMBERS Cyrl., Aggravatmn, in the Romish canon-law, is
`particularly used for an ecclesiastical censure, threatening
`an excommunicarion, after three admonitions used in vain.
`
`252
`
`Ibid. From Aggravation they proceed to re‘aggrat-ration;
`\thich is the last excommunication. 1864 Knot Chas.
`the
`Bold I.
`ll.
`iv. 583 The Church was invited..to hurl its
`interdicts,
`excommunications.
`‘aggravarions’
`and ‘rc—
`uggravations.'
`.
`4. A making heavxer, graver, or more heinous;
`the fact of being increased in gravity or
`seriousness.
`1615 T. ADAMS White Deciil 4 Thus the aggregation of
`circumstances
`is
`the
`aggravation of offences.
`1678
`CvDWORTH Intell. Syst. 4‘3 Though in way of Aggravatinn
`of their crime, it be said, that they also worshipped the
`Creature more than the Creator. 1801 WELLisLEY Best». 203
`None of these evils have been diminished..their daily
`increase and fig ravstion are notorious. 1833 l.
`' ‘AYLon
`Fanat. §6. 206 gircumstances so unfavourable to virtue..
`could hardly admit aggravation. 1851 MARxoT’rt Italy ti
`The consequent ag ravation of hard, senseless, suspicious
`despotism.
`1855
`ss.
`Intuitive 3910!. 38 Then eternal
`punishment would be too great for any multiplication or
`aggravation of sins.
`.
`l5. Making the most of (in a bad sense);
`exaggeration. 0:53.
`1628 Winter: Brit. Remand). n. 2173 But,
`I
`from
`aggravations will forbeare. 1699 BENTLEY Phalaris Pref. 33
`Rhetorical aggravations above the naked and strict Truth.
`1743 TINDAL tr. Rapin’s Hist.
`ll. xvn. 73 lt might be
`thought, Buchanan, who hated the queen, has used
`aggravation,
`if what happened afterwards did not
`too
`evidently confirm what he said.
`_
`6. a. fam. The action of exasperatmg, or
`irritating. Also, an cxasperatmg or irritating
`occurrence,
`Situation,
`etc;
`annoyance,
`difficulty.
`1875 L. Tnocomocc Life amongst Troubrid es (1966) :38
`Amy and l are both hobtempered, and I be love I have a
`talent for aggravation at times. 1880 ‘MARK Twam‘ Tramp
`Abroad 614. A . .sorely tried American student. . used to fly
`to a certain German word for relief when he could bear up
`amn.
`'
`ander his aggravations no longer... This was the word
`b.
`(Trouble or disturbance
`caused by)
`aggresswe behavxour, harassment; cf. AGGRO.
`193 L. GOLDING .MI. Emmanuel i. 11 lfl should have a
`son,
`should not give him such aggravation.
`$969 8.
`RUBENS Elected Member (1980) xiii. 134 Throughout our
`childhood, it seems the only thing We gave our mothers was
`aggravation. And not just aggravation, but such aggravation.
`I used to think aggravation was a yiddish word. 1970 C.
`KERSH Aggravations of flfinm'e Ashe xiv. 1gb With my
`aggravations
`ou’d also use language.
`1970 P. LAURIE
`Scotland Yar 287 Aggravalion, harassment imposed either
`.N ANDELKAU Buttons viii. 112 We'd been getting
`envy
`b
`the police or criminals on each other.
`19%:
`j.
`aggravation from things in our area. 1978 Times 21 Jan. 2/3
`Members of the public are quite able to make their own
`claims assisted and guided by department officials without
`havin
`these people coming in and causing 3g ravation.
`1982 ll. FRIEDMAN Proofs of Afiecliou vii. 84
`he’d had
`enough aggravation with her over the Yom Kippur business.
`198‘ Police Rev. 16 Mar. 531/1 Aggravation emerged into
`the criminal vocabulary during the Fifties gang wars
`or provo c. it is a misuse of the conventional sense of the
`between lack Spot and Billy Hill. Meaning to annoy. harass
`word. which, shortened to ‘aggro', has travelled far beyond
`the boundaries of underworld conversation.
`l7. 3. A Circumstance that renders more
`weighty or important. Obs. in the general sense.
`several aggravations ofthe mercy of the pirit enabling thee
`1653 Bursa Saintx’ Rest iv. ix. (1662);.” Consider of the
`thereto.
`‘
`.
`b. esp. ‘An extrmsm circumstance or accident,
`which increases the guilt of a crime, or the
`misery of a calamity.’ J.
`1552—5 Lumen Semi. 6a? Rem. (1845) 351 Not any new
`indisposition. but one of old standing,
`thou h lately
`increased by fresh sggravarions. 1651 BAXTER Inf.
`apt. 174
`What a hsinous aggravation of their sin it
`is,
`that the
`commit it after Baptism. 1791 T. Fame Right: of Man (e .
`.1) 135 It is no relief, but an a gravation to 3 person in
`slavery, to reflect that he was sol by his parent. 1855 Bans
`Sense: @- Intell.
`ii.
`ii. §1t (1864) 134 Confinement is the
`chief aggravation of all those impurities.
`
`aggravative (‘wgrayeva a. and sb. rare. [f L.
`aggracét-
`ppl.
`stem of
`aggravzi‘re
`(sec
`AGGRAVATE a.) + -1vc.] adj. Of or pertaining to
`aggravation;
`tending to aggravate.
`5b. That
`which aggravates or tends to aggravate.
`a 1 33 NORTH Exam. 11. v. 319 We rose up to ()ates’s Plot
`by a ‘limax of Aggravativcs. i863 SALA Capt. Dang. ll. viii.
`278 By the endearing aggravative of jemmy he is. .known.
`
`[f. AGGRAVATE v. +
`aggravator(‘aegraveita(r)).
`—ok, as
`if a. L. *aggravétor agentmoun f.
`aggramire: see AGGRAVATE 0.]
`1. One who, or that which, aggravates.
`1598 FLoRio, Grauatore, an aggrauator,
`a gricuer, a
`molester.
`form
`corrupt
`in
`(also
`slang
`1-2.
`(hlaggerawator). A greased lock of hair. Obs.
`18 5 DICKENS in Bell's Life in London 4. Oct. wt His hair
`care Lilly twisted into the outer corner of each eye, till it
`formed a variety of that description of semi—curls, usually
`known as ‘haggerawators’. 1859 F. FOWLER Southern Li his
`38 The ladies. .are addicted to. . strained hair, embellis ed
`with two or three C'SWa gravators they call ‘em«» running
`over the temple. 1860
`OTTEN Slang Diet, Aggerawators
`(corruption of Aggravators),
`the greasy locks of hair in
`vogue among costermongers and other street folk, worn
`twisted from the tem le back towards the ear. 1861 Temple
`Bar 1. 226 The bros bull neck, and the ‘aggerawator’ curl.
`
`AGGREGATE
`
`
`(a. Fr-
`la'ggrave, v. Obs. rare. Also agrave.
`
`aggrave-r (earlier engraver): see AGGRIEVE.) A by-
`
`form connecting AGGRIEVE and AGGRAVATE,
`
`1611 T. TAYLOR Titus i. 12 (1619) 256 V 'hen the heart ism
`1530 PALSGR. 419,11, 1 agrudge, I am age-awed]: 31:1":ng
`
`aggraved,
`the whole man is vnfit either for heauenly o
`earthly exercise.
`
`
`
`[FR] = AGGRAVATION 3
`,a‘ggrave. rb. Obs.
`
`1715 tr. Dupx‘n, Earl. Hist.
`:72}: c.
`l. v. 190 An Em),
`common enough, that Excommunication is not denounc’
`
`till after the Fulmination of the Aggrave.
`
`
`[$1. of action.
`faggravidi'zation. Obs. rare“.
`(see ~ATION) from assumed vb. aggravidt'ze, f. L
`at! to + gravidvus ‘heavy, weighted’ + 428. In
`
`for aggmndisation
`loc. cit, pcrh. an error
`
`though as likely to be an actual formation by th
`
`author.)
`Increase
`of weight or gravi
`aggravation.
`
`o 1641 Br. Mocxnou Acts 59' Man. 404 They . .Op
`accused, traduced, ersecuted him many waycs, unto dug;
`
`itifull, merciful-Ii;
`. no
`great
`evi ences
`of
`any
`.
`11%
`compassionate
`disposition,
`whic
`received
`trams:
`aggrsvidisation in continuing the same to his
`-
`memory, and succession.
`
`
`[f. L. aggregé-r
`aggregable (‘aegrigab(a)l), a.
`
`see -BLE.] Capable of being collected into one
`
`that may be aggregated with (tithe:
`mass;
`
`property).
`1570 DEE Math. Pref. 2 Their particular Images, by A“;
`
`are aggregable and diuisible. 1910 Lu. HALsBCRY Law: En;
`Xlll. $2 3. 204 Property accruing to a deceased person;
`estate a (or his death. . is aggregated with the other
`
`aggro able property passin on the death of such m
`1-: Parliamentary estates was;
`1924
`emu. Gas. 12 Feb,
`‘
`a gregable with the marriage settlement funds. 192';
`
`2!. 12 Apr. 9/: Property which is £50] scttled..ia n‘
`aggregable when passing on the death 0 the life tenant with
`
`the other property passing on that death.
`
`aggregate ('aegrigat, ~elt), pp]. a. and so. Also
`4— 5 aggregttt.
`[ad L. aggregét-us united in
`flock, associated, pa. pple. of aggregévre, f. agar
`adv to + gregé-re to collect; f. grex, greg~em
`flock]
`
`A. ppl. adj.
`1. pple. Collected into one body.
`c 14.00 Apol. or L011. 1 6 Aggregst. or gedred to gidre in on.
`
`1471 RlPLEY amp. Aid. in Ashmole (1652) iv. viii. 1461
`our Conjunccion four Elements must be aggrc at.
`1
`_
`HAWKS Part. Pleas. (1845) 18! What) in my minds hadw
`ogre ate Every thing: that I in hym had sene. 1672 13m
`
`Bags aw’s Scandal: iv. 23 Scarce now to be numbred,
`more than drops that are aggregate in a Fund. 1866 Rooms?
`
`I. x. 165 After the Reformation end
`Agrit.
`551’ Price:
`
`became more aggregate and insulated.
`.
`2. ad}. a. Constituted by the collection of m
`particles or units into one body, mass,‘
`amount; collected, collective, whole, total.
`1659 EVELYN Mem.
`(1857) HI. 116 Were I not
`
`aggregate person, and so obliged..to provide for m
`
`dependents. 1685 Moons»; Geogr. Rest. 68 Polonia..is
`
`[311mm Libr. Camp.
`is Pub ications. .of which I
`aggregate Body consisting of man? distinct Provinces. 183‘.
`
`9 Or were they but the representatives of ti
`. o. 223,
`ifiggregate total is scarcely to be credited. 1859 E11511.
`
`aggregate llellenic races? 1876 Rooms Pol. Econ. ii. 2 That
`aggregate amount of labour expended .
`. is called the oust
`-
`production.
`
`the total
`b. aggregate demand (Econ),
`
`demand for, or spending on, goods, services
`etc., Within a particular market; conversely
`
`aggregate supply.
`1894 J. N. Keynes in R. H. l. Palgrave Dirt. Pol. Econ.
`
`541/! The ag regate demand for a commoditv in gen:
`. JOHNSON in Ibid. 111. 488/2 Tile aggregau
`use. 1899 w.
`
`supply price may be in excess of the aggregate expenses
`production. 1936]. M. Knives Gm. Theory Employment”:
`
`iii. 25 The volume of employment is given by the pain ,
`intersection between the aggregate demand function and ti);
`
`aggregate supply function.
`Ibid.
`iv. so A raising of
`
`lead to an increm‘
`aggregate demand function, will
`
`aggre ate output. 195: R. A. Goaoozv Business Flucmetwfl
`ii. :0
`e may. . speak of ‘aggregate demand’ and ‘aggijegfllfl
`
`supply’ in describin the forces which lead to changes to t
`total output of goo s and services. 1958 J. K. Gustaf”?
`
`Afliuent Society
`viii.
`92 The
`immediate. . cause
`depression is a fall in the aggregate demand . . for bu ins 1‘
`
`crow:
`output of the economy. 1970 C. FUR‘TADG in I. L.
`[Wastes in Lat. Amer. ii. 49 The action of these factors [eff-J»
`. make the pattern of aggregate damn
`.
`. are bound to. .
`
`and the structure of aggregate supply compatible.
`
`3. Law. Composed of many individuals unite
`into one aSSOCIQtIOn.
`1625 Sm H. chn Law (1636) 91 Corporations . . whereof
`
`some are aggregate of many persons, that is to say, ofa he“
`and bod : other consist in one singular person. 17 1 A
`Geo. II , xix.
`in Oxf. é? Comb. Enactmtr. 78 W ether 05
`University or City, aggregate or sale. 1862 Lo. BROUGQA
`
`Brit. Constitn. xvii. 272 Each chapter is a corporaumr
`
`aggre ate, and each person is a corporation sole.
`002. Consisting of distinct animals unite _
`4.
`
`into a common organism.
`1835 Kmar Hubitt 83 Inst. Anim. l. v. 164 All the poly?“
`
`1v. 3
`are aggregate animals.
`1848 DANA Zouphyte:
`Aggregate, when the polyps of a compound zoophytt a ,
`united to one another'by t eir sides.
`.
`.
`
`5. Bot. Consisting of florets united Within 3.
`common calyx or involucre, as in scablous
`
`honeysuckle,
`and Valerian.
`Sometimes
`0.
`flowers, fruits: Collected into one IiiFBRZO’]
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`AGGREGATE
`
`9225 Such Trees and Shrubs.
`1693 in Phil Tram. XVII
` uhu‘
`firmer and Fruit Arc Aggregate, as the Firm. 1794
`MARYY'x n.
`’t’ mrtm‘i tint. vi
`()7 An aggregate or capitAte
`
`flow”? or .1
`of Home A, 1845 l.l'\'l)l.F‘i’ .9511. Hot. (i858)
`
`
`('«m'hgly,
`l- mcrs aggregate,
`tufted.
`1358
`on ‘1 {we}
`GRAY But.
`'l"rx'!»frk.~ 3135 Jame/gate Frans, those formed of
`Aggregate ci‘irpels‘ul the some: limiter.
`.
`>
`‘
`6,
`(Igor. Composed ol distinct minerals,
`Combined mto one rock, as gr'lmte. Ci.
`l3 Sb. 4.
`1795 \lllls in Phil. Trims. LX ‘(V‘L 4,0 A compact
`1M2“
`(c substance, apparently compounded of quartz,
`Wm L us earth, chcrt, etc.
`,
`
`+7, Gram. Collective. Obs.
`
`
`i683 URYKHEN I’lumrriz 34 One in the aggregate sense a we
`
`53v one my, or one lmtij» of men, a quoted of many
`indivsdi
`. 1756 Brion; Sub], 3 8. Wks. 1842 l. in; Such
`.is rentt cm many simple ideas united by nature to form
`. clutcrmmutc composition, as man, horse.
`tree,
`tic.
`'l'hese I call Aggregate words
`
`,
`(the) aggregate.
`1777 Eluimkusox Dzsirrl. Long. 31 Man in the aggregate,
`is too irregular to be reduced to in driable laws.
`1853
`
`
`Mt‘tuovit Taxutmn it.
`.‘i. 377 'l‘h .' payments must
`Amount,
`in the Aggregate,
`to a vast mm. 1973 0. SAL‘Ka
`:lttalzymmas (1976) 16 These ‘footnotes' sometimes have the
`form and length of miniature essays, and in aggregate now
`constitute about one third of the book‘s length.
`from the
`9, aggregate 780011:
`the ejection,
`surface of
`a
`radioactive sample, of atoms
`additional
`to
`those which
`recoil
`on
`disintegrating (8.3.1. Class. Terms Null. SCI.
`i 62).
`
`91919 R. W. lawsos‘ m .Vature 13 Feb. 464;: To the recoil
`(ll-d compact Cluster of atoms of the active
`utter when one
`niche atoms; contained in it disintegratcs With an ejection of
`an a-pdrtiele .. I recently gave the name of ‘aggtegate recoil‘.
`1926 ~ ,
`tr. Heresy L3? Ptmeth's Man. Radioactivity vi. 61
`Aggregate recorl phenomena can also be observed with
`preparations in which the polonium “as not deposited
`electrolytically,
`B. Sb.
`1. Collected sum, sum total.
`tésbtr.i10bi>es‘s Elem. Philos. (1839) 77 A cause is the sum
`or Aggregate of all
`such Accidents. . as concur
`to the
`produl‘mgofth': effect propounded. 18¢6 Mm. Logic 1:. vii.
`§z (18625”; 290 Every such belief represents the aggregate of
`.ill pant experience. 1877 .‘\.l
`le‘iy ('mtu Sum. v, 120 The
`
`5;:-
`‘flll only regards l'lIS men as masses, so much aggregate
`of lorce.
`2. A mass formed by the union of individual
`particles; an assemblage, a collection.
`1650 lloimEs Dy (‘or . Pain. 78 A Multitude considered
`.Is One Aggregate. 16 7 Bout: Orig. Formes ‘3 11101. 30
`Agitazmg \& tcr into froth .
`. that aggregate ofsmall ubblcs.
`1758 loitxs rs Idler No. 36 f9 Four is a certain aggregate of
`units 1855 ll. SPEN tau Pry/ml. (1872) I. H. i. 139 Mind .
`IS a vircumscribcd aggregate of activities. 1869 ()1 Ansro,
`
`jar
`.l’lumli v. 134 That marvellous aggregate w ich we
`
`kno‘ as the Creek nation. 1878 P. BAYVE Pm. Reta u. 28 He
`
`was
`i aggregate of confusions and incongruities.
`.
`‘
`3. exp. Pitysu's. A mass formed by the union of
`homogeneous particles (m distinction trom a
`compound).
`1692 BENTLEV Boyle [.n’l. vii. 231 The whole Aggregate ol’
`
`Mailer
`"would retain well—nigh An uniform tcnmty of
`
`
`Texture 1704 RAY ('rvalmn l.
`I 14 Those vast Aggregates of
`Air, Wm and Earth. 1814 Sm ll. DAVY Agni. (‘hem g
`
`The ch
`val elements acted upon by attractive powers
`
`combine:
`in ditlerent aggregatc‘;
`1870 'l‘i’woAu. Ural
`.
`
`§22§ $51<u',v,,is not an irregula Aggregate of XCC partit (as.
`4. Um]. A mass of minerals formed into one
`rock.
`X Masses of tlillercnt
`1795 Ktmlmx’ Elem..lltr1.(etl.z)l_
`
`Aggregates inhering or Adhering to dub other.
`Ibid. 370
`
`
`UK
`\dfl‘ es. , differ
`from Aggregates
`in
`this.
`that
`the
`Associated ingredients are not Visibly distinct. 1830 LYELL
`[‘rmr. Gee]. I.
`tho To rendcr fit for soils. even the hardest
`filly-{region's belonging to our globe. 1869 Pint LIPS l'esm-i'uy
`1!. 36 Pompeii was built on a mass of volcanic aggregates.
`5. Build. Gravel, sand. slag or the like added to
`a binding agent to form concrete. tarmacadam,
`GlC.
`1881 .lleti‘mmc §iiit
`522 Any waste material of a hard
`n‘ature ma} be used as aggro
`e in making concretc. 1930
`
`hllglllflt‘ritlg to Dec. 764;;
`he importance of mineral
`figgrt‘ilatt‘s {or concrete. 1933 Arrhit. R212 LXXIll. 2171
`lb:
`solid concrete baiustrade has had the aggregate
`‘
`, 1949 l’. C.
`(VARMAN ('lzem. (Hurst. of Enym.
`.War.
`553' mixing 2 mom v. uh sand or ‘line aggregate and
`
`broken rock or ‘coar
`' upturn-gate .
`. the resulting concrete is
`r than cement its
`f, 1958 Daily ,lrlmi it) July , ’2
`'.
`(tutti TUrHJStU']?
`known As ‘tarmac' Which is a mixture
`Ml tirr or lmtnnen with aggregates of natural stone or ,slaizs.
`6. Elem/lurgy. (See quot. l
`.1935 A. SM \l.\ R .llil/zillugr, of Inn: 3 Srrel (ed. 4) I. 8
`
`V\ hen An alloy contiii more than one of these phases. it IS
`Hencrnllv referred to .15 an aggregate. 1958 A. l). MERRIMAN
`[)lt‘f.
`limo/l. 3ft
`.rlggregulzn. In reference to metals and
`3110B. the term is AppllCLl to im’chuniuil mixtures of two or
`
`th’ Pa“ w Quenclird \‘tccl, tor (Example. 15 rm Aggregate
`"f ll”
`z: solid wlution of carbon ll". gamma-iron.
`“hmumn And iron carbide.
`
`aggregate (‘aegrigeit). 7:. Also () agregate. Pa.
`Plplc. at first aggregate, afterwards aggregated.
`lt. Motown”; u. (it. motil‘r. agrégerl
`l. (mm.
`'l'o gather into one whole or mass; to
`Collect together, ; emble; to m;
`.
`
`
`1509 llw» l'fS Past.
`’lmi. Hit. vm, 'l‘lw iL‘lCYlI)’l(‘ memory
`
`; - must crer
`aggregate All
`limiters
`thought
`in retaync
`
`
`‘l‘h’zxrdl, 1633’ mus Ham». .> Pet. n.
`i (i865) 2m 'l‘hc
`
`l‘Hlit which lay dili
`rd abroad wis AlilLTVl‘rlrd.
`iggregAtcd
`l’lm the body of tin son. 1794 Slit l\'r\\ View 0] Nat. l. 7i
`h“‘l1!\', rttlux, .iml k‘uffl‘llls indisputablt aggregated large
`
`253
`
`1106 Population is
`1864 Spam,
`~,iuantiries of matter.
`aggregated in small villages. 1865 Grunt: Plato l. i. 6 This
`peripheral lire was broken up and aggregated into separate
`
`mas 55.
`2. refl. and mtr. in sense I.
`
`1855 ll. 8%); ‘sit Psychol. (1872) l. ti. vii. 255 The taste of
`honey aggregates with sweet
`tastes in general.
`1870
`l’ROt‘i‘oR Other Worlds iv. 107 “'6 see the polar snows
`
`aggregatin
`1875 DAEth Inseam. Plants iii.
`42,
`l
`LllSUfiCllV
`‘ minute spheres of protoplasm aggregating
`
`themsclv
`~
`‘
`_
`.3. trans. To unite (an individual) to (rarely
`with) an association or company;
`to add as a
`COHSUTUCHY member.
`1651 Life of Father Sarpz' (1676) 13 Being a year before
`that, aggregated to that most famous College of Padua, 1722
`VVOLLASZ‘I‘UN Rellg. Nat. v.
`1 i2 Hard to discern, to which of
`the two sorts,
`the good or the bad, a man ought to be
`aggregated.
`1801 T.
`JEFFERSON llr’ritings (1830) III. 456
`'l‘hcse people are now aggregated with us. 1860 TRENCH
`Semi, ll’eslm. iii. 22 That great thirteenth apostle. who after
`the Resurrection was aggregated to the other twelve.
`4. ellipt.
`[from 5b.] To amount
`in the
`aggregate to: to form an aggregate of. (Colloq.
`Cf. to average.)
`1865 Mam. Star
`17 Apia. The guns captured._will
`aggregate in all probability five or six hundred. 1879 W'.
`
`W BSTER in ('assell's Tet/m. Educ. IV. 13211 British vessels,
`aggregating 520.019 tons burden.
`
`aggregate. erroneous for older AGGREGE q.v.
`aggregated ('asgrtgeittd),ppl. a. [f. prec. + -ED.
`Preceded by AGGREGATE ppl. a.)
`assembled,
`l. Gathered into one whole;
`collected; collective.
`1576 LAMBARDl-I Pemmb. Kent (1826) 16 These
`copies,
`being aggregated of so many sundrie Nations. 164 Sin T.
`BROWNE Freud. E .
`1, vii.
`(168(1) 20 The aggregated
`testimony of many undreds. 17 5 JOHNSON Tax. no Tyr.
`61 Part of the aggregated guilt o rebellion. 1875 DARWIN
`biscuit-r. Plants iii. 47 The aggregated masses in many of the
`cells were rte-dissolved.
`2. Zoo]. = AGGREGATE a. 4.
`1846 PATTERSON Zool. 27 These Polypes are not separated,
`but aggregated.
`+3. Bot. = AGGREGATE a. 5. Obs.
`r706 PHILLIPS. Aggregated Flower.
`
`[f. AGGREGATE :2.
`aggregately (kgrigatlt), adv.
`+ «LYEJ Collectively,
`taken together,
`in the
`aggregate.
`1750 CHESTERFIELD Lett. 220 (i792) H. 347 Many little
`things,
`though separately they seem too insrgnifitant
`to
`mention. yet aggregatcly are too material for me to omit.
`1823 T. TAYLOR (title) The Elements of a new Arithmetical
`Notation..in which
`the Series discovered..for
`the
`Quadrature of the Circle and Hy erbola, are demonstrated
`to be aggregately Incommensura le Quantities.
`
`if.
`P Obs.
`('zegngatms).
`aggregateness
`
`‘ESS.] The quality of being
`AGGREGATE a.
`4.»
`aggregate: collectiveness, compositeness.
`1668 WILMN’S Real ('hamct. 34 Aggregatenesr, Train.
`Troop, Company. Party.
`
`aggregating ('zegngextirj), vbl. :12. U. AGGREGATE
`t‘. + —ING‘.) Collection into a mass; gathering,
`grouping.
`1875 DARWIN Insem'v. Plants xv. 354 The aggregating
`process Spreads from the glands down the pedicels of the
`hairs.
`
`aggregating (‘wgngertmy ppl. a. [f. AGGREGATE
`2’. + -IN(;"‘.] Collecting into a mass; forming an
`aggregate.
`1875 WHITNEY Life of Lung. v. 83 An aggregating crystal.
`
`[n. of action f.
`aggregation (wgri'geijsn).
`‘aggregdtz'én—em f.
`AGGREGATE 25., as if ad. 1..
`aggregé-re, Cf. L. congregétzo, and late Fr.
`ugrégatzon.]
`l. a. The action or process of collecting
`particles into a mass, or particulars into a whole;
`or of adding one particle to an amount;
`collection, assemblage, union.
`1564 Bulimia: Mar, Philos, (ed. Palfr.) v. iv, Learning is
`no other thing but the aggregation of many mens sentences
`.md acts. 1671 l. \VEBSTER .Urmllngr. iii, 45 By a gregatitm
`and apposition nfatoms. 1817lAs. MILL Brit. In {a I. ”I. v.
`638 By the continual aggregation of one individual case to
`another. 1875 1'»me Insecrr'tv. qunts vi. 113 The glands
`“ere blackened from the aggregation of their protoplasmic
`Contents.
`‘
`b. Ecology. The act or process of organisms
`coming together to form a group; a group so
`formed; : ASSOCIATION 12.
`(See also quot.
`
`1927.)
`1905 l" E. CLEMENT); merrh Methods in Emlugy 3:4,
`1912] S.
`llt‘XLEY lmlw. £7! Arum. Kingdom iv. no In the
`making of Volvox, community~lifo mere aggregation ~
`mime first, clivis'ion of labour last. 1927 HALDANE & Ht XLhY
`.lnlnml Biol. xi. 235 Aggregation is tht’yiining together of A
`number of separate units to form a supermnit. as when coral
`
`
`polyps unite to form it colony. [929 W .AVFR & L
`TS
`I’liml Em].
`l.
`j, The individuals come to be grouped, ii: a
`result of propagation. a process termed aggregation.
`2. The adding of any one to an assoctarion as a
`member thereof; admission, afitliation.
`
`:11710 BP. B!
`”721‘. ll. 555 ('l‘.) The aggregation, or
`jOVHlH}: of one 5 stlf to the worship rind service of the only
`{rut (End. 1796 W. ’l‘n‘um in Month. Ret‘. XX. 537 The
`
`AGGREGE
`second [book] recounts his aggregation to the societv of free—
`masons.
`~
`'
`3.
`[The state of being aggregated, asSt‘mbled,
`or united into a whole; aggregate condition
`‘ 1646 Sin ’1‘. BROWNE Freud, 8p. m Their indiwdmill
`
`imperfectionsbemg great, thev are moreover enlarged by
`their aggregation. 1794 51'! i uAN View afNar. l. zg7 The
`first state oialbody, at least Chymically Considered. is that in
`’W‘l‘tlcl’!
`it
`is
`in the greatest possible aggregation.
`1870
`lYNDALL Heat v. 317 .
`143 The phenomena which
`accompany changes of the state of aggregation.
`4. . timer.
`A whole composed of many
`particulars; 3 mass formed by the union of
`distinct particles;
`a gathering,
`assemblage,
`collection.
`1547 Booms Breuiary ii. 2 A fatte matter in the browes
`the
`whichc
`be
`granuluse
`aggregacions.
`1638
`CHHJJNGWORTH erig. Prat.
`i.
`ii. §i4z. 107 The Church
`being nothing else but an aggregation of Believers. 1333
`BgEWSTFR Nat. Magic v. 106 Small spherical aggregations of
`siliceous matter. 1863 FAWCETT Pol. Econ.
`i. v, 71 Victoria
`has. , advanced From an aggregation of isolated settlements
`to the position of a prosperous country.
`
`[f. L. aggregéh
`aggregative (‘zegri,geittv), a.
`pl. stem of aggregé—re (see AGGREGATE a.) +
`-IVE. Cf. late Fr. agrégatzf, 41‘s.]
`1. Of or pertaining to aggregation; collective.
`. 1644 JESSOP Arggel of Ephesus 8 Seven singular starres may
`signifie seven unites, whether singular or aggregative. 1661
`BRAMHALL Just Vi'mi.
`iii. 44 We have heard of late of an
`aggregative treason. . But never untill now ofan aggregative
`schism. 1833 LYELL Print. Geo]. Ill, :26 An aggregative
`process like that which takes place in the setting of mortar.
`2. Having the tendency to collect particulars
`into wholes; or particles into masses.
`1713 Notes to H. More‘s Death’s VG. 36 That Substance ..
`shou'd cleave together. or have an aggregative Power. 1800
`HENRY Epit. Chem. (1808) 227 The aggregative affinity of
`bodies in promoting chemical union. 1817 COLEEmGE Bing.
`Lit. l. 285 Fancy, or the aggregative and associative power.
`3. Havmg the tendency to unite (oneself) or
`COmblnC; assocmtive, SOCIal.
`1837 CARLYLE Fr. Rel'tll. I. iv. iv. (1871) 122 Crabbed old
`friend of rnen! it is his sociality. his aggregative nature.
`4. quasmb. = AGGREGATE A 8.
`.7179: SPELMAN Feud: (R) Such customs as were in use
`either before the Conquest, or at the Conquest, or at any
`time since, in the disjunctive, not in the aggregative.
`
`aggregato- (mgrigeitau), combining form of
`AGGREGATE a..
`in which it
`is used adverbially
`with another adjective; = AGGREGATELY', in an
`aggregate manner; as in aggregato-glomerale,
`-gemmate.
`1848 DANA Ztmphytes vii.
`115 Simple or aggregate—
`gemmate.
`Ibid. 361 Quite simple. ramose or aggregate.
`glomcrate.
`
`[agent—noun
`P Obs.
`aggregator (‘mgrigeita(r)).
`. AGGREGATE 12., as it a. L. *aggregétor,
`t.
`aggregtirej
`1. One who joins himself to; an adherent.
`1533 ELYOT (“as/e! of Hellh (154i) Aiiij, Yt practisis of
`lsake, Halyabbas. Rasys, Mesue, and also of the more part
`of them which were their aggregatours and lolowers.
`2. A collector of particulars; a compiler.
`1621 Bt‘R'roN Anal, Mel. H. l\‘. 1, iii. (1676) 230/: Jacobus
`dc Dondis the Aggregamr repeats Ambergrccse Nurmegs
`and all Spice amongst the rest.
`
`[f. L. aggrega-
`raggregatory. Obs. rare”.
`ppl. stem of aggregd-re (see AGGREGATE a.) +
`~0RY, as if ad. L. *aggregdtérizlm.) That which
`contains collected particulars; a compilation.
`«11500 Bibell of Gemmmcye m Hist. M35. 1872, H232
`llere endeth the aggregatorey other the cumpilatory of
`Gcomancye.
`
`ia'ggrege. -'edge. ’1). Obs. Forms: 4~5 agrege,
`regge. s agredge. teage, aggregge. 5'7 aggrege.
`637 aggredge, 7 aggrage. Also aphet. grege. [3.
`()Fr.
`agrege—r, —1'er
`(Pr. agreujar): vlate L.
`*aggret‘ié—re, f, late L. *grez‘is (cf. It. gret‘e, Pr.
`greu, OFr. grief) for gratis, perh. by assimilation
`to law's
`(Diez). With aggrez'z'tire,
`agregier,
`aggrege,
`cf.
`abbre'l‘iare,
`abrégieit,
`abridge:
`alleziiére,
`alegiér,
`allege.
`A NIFr.
`form,
`influenced by aggrauire, was agmgier. aggragier,
`whence
`Sc.
`aggmge.
`See AGGRIEVE
`and
`AGGRAVATE, from same L. elements].
`1. trans. To make heavy; to make dull (the eyes
`or cars).
`1382 \VYL‘LIF Lam. iii. 7 lie agreugede myn gyues. V Is.
`v1. 10 Blynde out the herte of this puple. and his ares agregge
`[1388 aggrcge thou the eeris theml']. “-151 lix.
`1 Lo? there
`is not ubrcggid the hond of the Lord .
`. nc agreggid is his ere.
`2. intr. To be heavy, to be weighed down.
`1393 (iowen [Rm]. [1. 389 Sacrilegge Which malteth the
`conscience A