(12) UK Patent Application (19) GB (11) 24 72978
`
`(43) Date of A Publication
`
`(13)A
`
`02.03.2011
`
`(21) Application No:
`
`(22) Date of Filing:
`
`0914716.6
`
`24.08.2009
`
`(51) INT CL:
`H04B 7108 (2006.01)
`H04L 27/26 (2006.01)
`
`H04L 1/00 (2006.01)
`
`(71) Applicant(s)
`Vodafone Group pie
`(Incorporated in the United Kingdom)
`Vodafone House, The Connection, NEWBURY,
`Berkshire, RG14 2FN, United Kingdom
`
`(72) lnventor(s):
`Trevor Michael Gill
`Ralf lrmer
`
`(74) Agent and/or Address for Service:
`Vodafone Group pie
`Vodafone House, The Connection, NEWBURY,
`Berkshire, RG14 2FN, United Kingdom
`
`WO 2009/132203 A1
`
`(56) Documents Cited:
`GB 2448481 A
`US 20060221894 A1
`"3GPP TR 45.192 V7.0.0; Feasibility study for evolved
`GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) (Release
`7)", 12 Oct 2006. Downloaded from
`http ://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/htm1-info/45912.htm on
`18 Nov 2009.
`C. GESSNER: "T&M Requirements for Mobile Radios
`with Receive Diversity and Advanced Receivers", May
`2006, RHODE & SCHWARZ Application Note 1 MABB.
`Downloaded from http://www.shop.rohde(cid:173)
`schwarz.com/www/downcent.nsf/ANFileByAN NoForlnt
`ernet/3D7728599C7BEECDC 1257178003CBBF9/$file/1
`MABB_0e.pdf on 18/11/09
`
`(58) Field of Search:
`INT CL H04B, H04L
`Other: Online: WPI, EPODOC, TXTE, TXTT, INSPEC,
`XPl3E, XPIEE, XPESP, INTERNET
`
`(54) Title of the Invention: Adaptive use of multiple receiver chains
`Abstract Title: A multi-antenna receiver is switched between receiver diversity mode and carrier aggregation
`mode on the basis of network or/and terminal parameters
`
`(57) A multi-antenna receiving terminal can be switched
`between a receiver diversity mode (Fig. 1 ), in which the
`same data is received at each of a plurality of different
`antenna, and a carrier aggregation mode (Fig.2). In the
`carrier aggregation mode data has data been
`multiplexed across multiple carrier frequencies and
`each carrier is received by a different respective
`antenna. A network element (e.g.eNodeB) decides
`whether to switch between modes based on a network
`parameter, such as load, or a channel quality indication
`and instructs the receiving terminal accordingly. Carrier
`aggregation mode is also known as spectrum
`aggregation mode, dual carrier mode and dual cell
`mode.
`
`Antenna 1 Antenna 2
`
`Antenna 1 Antenna 2
`
`I
`
`Rf
`Receive
`Branch
`
`I
`
`Rf
`Receive
`Branch
`
`I
`
`RF
`Rece!ve
`Branch
`
`I
`
`RF
`Rece!ve
`Branch
`
`Frequency ~
`
`Frequency ~
`
`Frequency 1
`
`Fn:i:Quency 2
`
`I
`
`I
`Baseband
`Processing
`
`I
`
`I
`Baseband
`Processing
`
`Fig 1
`
`Fig 2
`
`G)
`CD
`
`)>
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 1
`
`

`

`1/3
`
`Antenna 1 Antenna 2
`
`RF
`Receive
`Branch
`
`RF
`Receive
`Branch
`
`Frequency 1
`
`Frequency 1
`
`Baseband
`Processing
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 2
`
`

`

`2/3
`
`Antenna 1 Antenna 2
`
`RF
`Receive
`Branch
`
`RF
`Receive
`Branch
`
`Frequency 1
`
`Frequency 2
`
`Baseband
`Processing
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 3
`
`

`

`3/3
`
`Network Information
`B
`
`~
`
`~
`
`Terminal Information
`C
`
`A
`
`..,__ ____ _;,.,. D
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 4
`
`

`

`I
`
`ADAPTIVE USE OF MULTIPLE RECEIVER CHAINS
`
`The present invention relates to a system using multiple receiver chains
`
`adaptively to increase cellular telecommunications network capacity at different
`
`s
`
`load levels. In particular, the invention increases the data throughput supported by
`
`a mobile broadband terminal and increases the capacity of the supporting network.
`
`A known
`
`technique
`
`for
`
`increasing
`
`the
`
`capacity of a cellular
`
`telecommunications network such as HSDPA, LTE, WiFi or WiMAX is to bond
`
`1 o
`
`together two parallel carriers. This approach is ca11ed carrier or spectrum
`
`aggregation.
`
`The conventional solution to implement carrier aggregation would be to
`
`duplicate the entire receiver hardware, or substantial parts of it, with substantial
`
`15
`
`added cost.
`
`High performance receivers already have duplicated hardware with two
`
`parallel receiver chains. These are currently used to implement another well
`
`known technique called receiver diversity.
`
`Receiver diversity can
`
`itself
`
`20
`
`substantia11y increase the throughput of a terminal and the capacity of the
`
`associated network.
`
`HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is a packet-based data
`
`service in the 3rd generation W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple
`
`25 Access) systems, which provides high-speed data transmission (with different
`
`theoretical peak download rates according to the HSDPA technology step e.g.
`
`7.2/10.8/16.2/21.6/28.8/42 Mbps over a 5MHz bandwidth) to support multimedia
`
`services.
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 5
`
`

`

`2
`
`In order to reach higher theoretical peak rates (28.8 Mbps with 3GPP
`
`Release 7 or 42 Mbps with Release 8), the MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple
`
`Output) feature is used in HSDP A, in which multiple antennas are implemented at
`
`5
`
`both base station (Node B) and mobile terminals (UE: User Equipment). As
`
`mobile terminal hardware implementing the MIMO feature is provided with two
`
`parallel receiver chains, MIMO may be considered a variety of receive diversity.
`
`The basic MIMO feature as standardised in 3GPP Release 7 requires (just)
`
`10
`
`two transmitter antennas (at the node B) and two receiving antennas (at the UE)
`
`using a common carrier. At the transmitter, the transmitted data is divided into two
`
`data streams and transmitted through the two antennas using the same radio
`
`resource (same time i.e. Transmission Time Interval (TTI) and HSDP A codes).
`
`The two streams of data are recovered by the U E from the signals received via its
`
`15
`
`two antennas. Clearly then, the MIMO feature needs support in MIMO-enabled
`
`terminals as well as in the network.
`
`In order to deploy MIMO at the node B and to transmit two parallel data
`
`streams, two power amplifiers are required per sector ( one for each of the two
`
`20
`
`antennas). In order not to limit the use an entire carrier for MIMO only (5MHz), it
`
`is more efficient and practical to use the same carrier as devices that are not
`
`MIMO-enabled (e.g. HSDPA legacy terminals) to utilise all available capacity.
`
`MIMO technology is an important step in the evolution of HSDPA, as it
`
`25
`
`provides higher data rates in downlink whilst further improving spectrum
`
`efficiency.
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 6
`
`

`

`3
`
`Receive diversity is not limited to the use of two parallel receive paths: the
`
`same feature can be implemented in hardware having three or more antennas.
`
`Furthermore, where three or more antennas are available it is entirely possible that
`
`only a subset of the available antennas be used to provide parallel receive paths at
`
`5
`
`any given time.
`
`In the context of implementing earner or spectrum aggregation usmg
`
`terminals readied for MIMO technology, it has previously been suggested that the
`
`second receiver, which was originally designed to allow receive diversity/MIMO,
`
`10
`
`could be redeployed and tuned to a different channel instead, to implement carrier
`
`aggregation. A major disadvantage in taking this approach would be the complete
`
`loss of the receive diversity/MIMO gain.
`
`In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
`
`15
`
`network element in a cellular telecommunications network for increasing network
`
`capacity, the network including at least one mobile data terminal equipped with a
`
`plurality of receivers, the terminal being operable to communicate with the
`
`network element in a receiver diversity mode and in a carrier aggregation mode,
`
`the network element including: a decision making unit that instn1cts the terminal to
`
`20
`
`switch from receiver diversity mode to carrier aggregation mode in dependence
`
`upon at least one input parameter.
`
`The network element is typically an eNode B or base station but could also
`
`be another element such as an Access Gateway.
`
`25
`
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`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 7
`
`

`

`4
`
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`instructs terminals tiiat are equipped with two or mdte receivers to 011erateun a
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`
`In the event of heavy loading oftlie system (i.e. substantially above the first
`
`threshold value for a significant time), the network element ( for example the
`
`eNodeB) instructs those multiple receiver terminals to redeploy their second
`
`s
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 8
`
`

`

`5
`
`receiver on to the same channel as the first and to switch to a "receiver diversity
`
`mode".
`
`Likewise, in the event of a change from heavy to light loading of the system
`
`5
`
`(i.e. substantially below a second threshold value for a significant time), the
`
`network element (i.e the eNodeB) instructs those multiple receiver terminals to
`
`switch to "carrier aggregation mode".
`
`In addition or alternatively, one or more of the at least one input parameters
`
`10 may be a terminal parameter.
`
`Preferably, the mode determined by the network may further be determined
`
`by the channel quality indication reported by the terminal. Additionally or
`
`alternatively, the mode determined by the network may be determined by the
`
`15
`
`estimation of the diversity gain of the terminal.
`
`The mode determined by the network be determined may additionally or
`
`alternatively be determined by the characteristics of the data traffi.c.
`
`20
`
`In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided
`
`a method of operating a cellular telecommunications network to increase network
`
`capacity, the network including at least one mobile data terminal equipped with a
`
`plurality of receivers, the terminal being operable to communicate with the
`
`network element in a receiver diversity mode and in a carrier aggregation mode,
`
`25
`
`the method including: obtaining at least one input parameter; and instructing the
`
`terminal to switch from receiver diversity mode to carrier aggregation mode in
`
`dependence upon said at least one input parameter.
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 9
`
`

`

`6
`
`The carriers aggregated in carrier aggregation mode are preferably two or
`
`more consecutive carriers within one frequency band. Alternatively these carriers
`
`may be non-consecutive carriers within one frequency band.
`
`5
`
`Optionally, the aggregated in carrier aggregation mode are preferably non-
`
`consecutive carriers within two or more.frequency bands.
`
`The cellular telecommunications network may operate in either paired or
`
`unpaired spectrum allocations.
`
`10
`
`The cellular
`
`telecommunications network preferably uses a bearer
`
`technology selected from the following technologies: OFDM, OFDMA or CDMA.
`
`As mobile terminals are already being deployed with more than one receiver
`
`15
`
`paths in order to operate with receive diversity or MIMO modes, these multiple
`
`receiver paths may be suitable for operating the invention, the invention also
`
`reduces the cost of implementing a receiver capable of carrier aggregation.
`
`It is an object of the invention to obviate or at least mitigate the above
`
`20
`
`problems.
`
`For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be
`
`made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings in which:-
`
`Figure 1 shows a receiver arrangement in the receive diversity mode;
`
`25
`
`Figure 2 shows a receiver arrangement in the carrier aggregation mode; and
`
`Figure 3 illustrates diagrammatically the operation of a decision making unit
`
`as required in the present invention.
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 10
`
`

`

`7
`
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`
`In an example embodiment of the invention, a decision making unit or
`
`20
`
`procedure is deployed within the network (i.e. within the eNodeB). One way to
`
`implement such a decision making unit is as part of the scheduler. The decision
`
`making unit can have as objectives to optimize the throughput of the individual
`
`terminal or the aggregate throughput of the cell.
`
`25
`
`The decision making unit applies an appropriate hysteresis in order to
`
`prevent oscillations between different terminal configuration states.
`
`Also, the input data to the decision metric has to be averaged in an
`
`appropriate manner, especially over time. If a terminal is only for a short period of
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 11
`
`

`

`8
`
`time in a signal condition where diversity would be more appropriate than carrier
`
`aggregation (i.e. when it is fast driving in a vehicle), switching the terminal
`
`configuration should not be done. Therefore, the decision making unit has to
`
`estimate the stability of a certain signal condition. One possible means to do this is
`
`s
`
`sliding window averaging.
`
`Examples of suitable input parameters for the decision making unit include:
`
`the network load; the CQI values ( channel quality indicators); terminal SN R
`
`(signal to noise rate) or SNIR (signal to noise and interference ratio) prediction; the
`
`10 Block Error Rate (BLER); the precoding index determined by the terminal; the
`
`correlation between the receiver branches; the frequency diversity across the
`
`candidate bands for aggregation.
`
`Further optional input to the decision unit may include data corresponding to
`
`15
`
`the characteristics of the data traffic for a specific terminal. Such data may be
`
`obtained either by using Quality of Service (QoS) classes or by traffic class
`
`estimation by the network, i.e. deep packet inspection or by statistical analysis of
`
`the traffic.
`
`20
`
`It is well-known that carrier aggregation has more benefits for bursty data
`
`traffic (such as web-browsing). A simple estimation of the burstiness or the index
`
`of the predominant traffic class may be used as a further input to the decision
`
`making unit.
`
`25
`
`As the reader will appreciate the decision making unit does not require all of
`
`the above input parameters to be present - the decision upon when or whether a
`
`particular input parameter is to be use may be determined by the degree of effort
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 12
`
`

`

`9
`
`needed to obtain the values and the effectiveness for the decision making for the
`
`specific communications network implementation.
`
`In an alternative embodiment, the decision whether to instruct the use of
`
`s
`
`either carrier aggregation mode or receiver diversity mode also takes into account
`
`the power consumption of both modes and/or the current battery state of the
`
`terminal. The power consumption estimates of both methods are either stored in a
`
`look-up table or are measured within the terminal. When power consumption is
`
`critical (i.e. the battery is low), the more power efficient method is preferred - this
`
`10 may be effect by the application of a weighting/correction term in the decision
`
`metric.
`
`In a further embodiment, the decision to switch between receive diversity
`
`mode and carrier aggregation mode is made by the terminal, with assistance from
`
`15
`
`the network.
`
`The preceding discussion concentrates on the benefits of the invention for
`
`mobile terminals that are in power limited but not necessary code limited
`
`conditions. In this discussion, it is also assumed that the first carrier is on a higher
`
`20
`
`frequency band than the second frequency band with which the first band is to be
`
`aggregated. In both cases, the assumptions need not hold for the invention to be
`
`implemented.
`
`When switching to carrier aggregation mode, the scheduler needs to set an
`
`25
`
`appropriate transport block size for communications on the second (newly
`
`switched to) carrier. The transport block size may be determined by making an
`
`estimated adjustment based on pathloss/frequency band. If it is assumed that the
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 13
`
`

`

`10
`
`second carrier is less loaded than the first the transport block size can always be set
`
`to be at least equal to the block size on the first carrier.
`
`Throughout this document, the term "receive diversity" is to be understood
`
`s
`
`to encompass both receive diversity and related technologies, such as MIMO.
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 14
`
`

`

`CLAIMS:
`
`11
`
`1.
`
`A network element in a cellular telecommunications network for increasing
`
`network capacity, the network including at least one mobile data terminal equipped
`
`with a plurality of receivers, the terminal being operable to communicate with the
`
`5
`
`network element in a receiver diversity mode and in a carrier aggregation mode,
`
`the network element including:
`
`a decision making unit that instructs the terminal to switch from receiver
`
`diversity mode to carrier aggregation mode in dependence upon at least one input
`
`parameter.
`
`10
`
`2.
`
`A network element as claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more of the at least
`
`one input parameters is a network parameter.
`
`3.
`
`A network element as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one input
`
`15
`
`parameter corresponds to a measured network load level at the network element;
`
`and wherein the switching instruction is transmitted when the load level is
`
`calculated to be below a first predetermined threshold value.
`
`4.
`
`A network element as claimed in any one of claims l to 3, wherein one or
`
`20 more of the at least one input parameters is a terminal parameter.
`
`5.
`
`A network element as claimed in claim 4, wherein at least one of the input
`
`parameters is the channel quality indication reported by the terminal.
`
`25
`
`6.
`
`A network element as claimed in claim 4 or claim 5, wherein at least one of
`
`the input parameters is an estimation of the diversity gain of the terminal.
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 15
`
`

`

`12
`
`7.
`
`A network element as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein at least
`
`one of the input parameters is a metric characteristic of the data traffic.
`
`8.
`
`A method of operating a cellular telecommunications network to increase
`
`5
`
`network capacity, the network including at least one mobile data terminal equipped
`
`with a plurality of receivers, the terminal being operable to communicate with the
`
`network element in a receiver diversity mode and in a carrier aggregation mode,
`
`the method including:
`
`obtaining at least one input parameter; and
`
`10
`
`instructing the terminal to switch from receiver diversity mode to carrier
`
`aggregation mode in dependence upon said at least one input parameter.
`
`9.
`
`A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein one or more of the at least one
`
`input parameters is a network parameter.
`
`10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the at least one input parameter
`
`corresponds to a measured network load level at the network element; and wherein
`
`the switching instruction is transmitted when the load level is calculated to be
`
`below a first predetermined threshold value.
`
`15
`
`20
`
`11. A method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein one or more of
`
`the at least one input parameters is a terminal parameter.
`
`12. A method as claimed in claim 11, wherein at least one of the input
`
`25
`
`parameters is the channel quality indication reported by the terminal.
`
`13. A method as claimed in claim 11 or claim 12, wherein at least one of the
`
`input parameters is an estimation of the diversity gain of the terminal.
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 16
`
`

`

`13
`
`14. A method as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein at least one of
`
`the input parameters is a metric characteristic of the data traffic.
`
`s
`
`15. A network element as hereinbefore described with reference to
`
`the
`
`aforementioned drawings.
`
`16. A method as hereinbefore described with reference to the aforementioned
`
`drawings.
`
`10
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 17
`
`

`

`•
`•••••••
`··•. •··
`• • •
`••••
`••••
`
`INTELLECTUAL
`PROPERTY OFFICE
`
`Application No:
`
`GB0914716.6
`
`Examiner:
`
`Dr John Cullen
`
`Claims searched:
`
`1-16
`
`Date of search:
`
`18 November 2009
`
`-14
`
`Patents Act 1977: Search Report under Section 17
`
`Documents considered to be relevant:
`Category Relevant
`Identity of document and passage or figure of particular relevance
`to claims
`
`X
`
`X
`
`X,E
`
`X
`
`X
`
`1-3 and 8- US2006/0221894 Al
`(CASACCIA) See Abstract, Fig. 1 and para. 26.
`10
`
`1-3 and 8- "3GPP TR 45.192 V7.0.0; Feasibility study for evolved GSM/EDGE
`Radio Access Network (GERAN) (Release 7)", 12 Oct 2006.
`10
`Downloaded from http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/45912.htm
`on 18 Nov 2009.
`See pages 391 and 392
`1-3 and 8- WO2009/132203 Al
`(lNTERDIGlTAL) See paragraph 13.
`10
`
`1 and 8 at GB2448481 A
`(SIEMENS) See the Abstract, Figs. 1 and 2 and claim 12.
`least
`
`1-3 and 8- C. GESSNER: "T &M Requirements for Mobile Radios with Receive
`Diversity and Advanced Receivers", May 2006, RHODE & SCHWARZ
`10
`Application Note 1MA88. Downloaded from http://www.shop.rohde-
`schwarz.com/www/downcent.nsf/ ANFileBy ANN oForlntemet/3D77285
`99C7BEECDC1257 l 78003C8BF9/$file/1MA88_0e.pdf on 18/11/09
`See pages 10 and 11
`
`Categories:
`X Document indicating lack of novelty or inventive
`step
`Y Document indicating lack of inventive step if
`combined with one or more other documents of
`same category.
`& Member of the same patent family
`
`A Document indicating technological background and/or state
`of the art.
`P Document published on or after the declared priority date but
`before the filing date of this invention.
`
`E
`
`Patent document published on or after, but with priority date
`earlier than, the filinl?: date of this application.
`
`Field of Search:
`Search of GB, EP, WO & US patent documents classified in the following areas of the UKCx :
`
`Worldwide search of Hlent documents c!Hssified in the followin HreHs of the TPC
`H04B; H04L
`The followin online and ofher databases have been used in the re aration of this search re ort
`Online: WPI, EPODOC, TXTE, TXTT, lNSPEC, XP13E, XPlEE, XPESP, INTERNET
`
`Intellectual Property Office is an operating name of the Patent Office
`
`www.ipo.gov.uk
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 18
`
`

`

`•
`•••••••
`··•. •··
`• • •
`••••
`••••
`
`INTELLECTUAL
`PROPERTY OFFICE
`
`International Classification:
`Subclass
`
`Subgroup
`
`15
`
`H04B
`
`H04L
`
`H04L
`
`0007/08
`
`0001/00
`
`0027/26
`
`Valid From
`
`01/01/2006
`
`01/01/2006
`
`01/01/2006
`
`Intellectual Property Office is an operating name of the Patent Office
`
`www.ipo.gov.uk
`
`IPR2019-00047
`Qualcomm 2017, p. 19
`
`